DE102007013885A1 - Installation for generating electrical energy from wind energy, has wind wheel designed as radial rotor, and rotor blades have form of airplane wings - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation has a wind wheel mounted on roof, which drives electrical generator. The wind wheel and the generator are arranged below the roof cover. The wind wheel is designed as radial rotor, and the rotor blades have the form of airplane wings. The rotor blades are diagonally arranged to the radius.

Description

The The invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of Claim 1.

According to the invention, a achieved particularly effective utilization of flowing over rooftops wind energy become. For this purpose, the features of the claim according to the invention 1 proposed.

advantageous Embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

in the Contrary to the prior art, in which the wind rotors themselves can not turn faster than the wind speed finds According to the invention a compression the wind flow instead, so the rotors are also considerably faster than the wind speed rotate. Furthermore, the exposed to the wind surface for the rotation of the Rotors in the desired Direction considerably larger than the harmful ones area the rotors exposed to a wind pressure in the undesired direction are. Since the rotors are built according to aircraft wings, arises not only a pressure effect, but also a suction effect of the wind, which is the relatively small harmful one Pressure on the wings balances. In this way, the mass of the wind and not only the speed of the wind exploited.

in the Below, the invention with reference to drawings and a corresponding embodiment described in more detail. In all drawings, like reference numerals have the same meaning and therefore may only be explained once.

• – Energiebeschaffung durch Ausnutzung der Windenergie ohne die Landschaft zu verunstalten
• – Dachwindanlage, die unterhalb des Dachfirstes gebaut wird und somit eine nahezu durchgehende Energiegewinnung zur Folge hat
• – Durch Elektrolyse kann zusätzlich Wasserstoff gewonnen werden, um Autos anzutreiben
• – Die Windkraftanlage ist relativ leicht beherrschbar und wird durch den Handwerker in kurzer Zeit eingebaut und mit geringem Aufwand gewartet
• – Dieser DET Rooftop Generator ist bisher bekannten Systemen durch seinen Aufbau und seine Position weit überlegen, da der Wind an den Seiten und auf dem Dach deutlich schneller ist, eine Verdoppelung der Windgeschwindigkeit führt zum achtfachen Ertrag • Einspeisung ins Netz möglich

The advantages of the "Rooftop Generator" with its own electricity and hydrogen production from the roof are:

• - Energy procurement by exploiting wind energy without deface the landscape
• - Rooftop wind turbine, which is built below the roof ridge and thus has an almost continuous energy production result
• - By electrolysis, additional hydrogen can be obtained to drive cars
• - The wind turbine is relatively easy to control and is installed by the craftsman in a short time and maintained with little effort
• - This DET Rooftop generator is far superior to previously known systems due to its structure and position, as the wind is significantly faster on the sides and on the roof, doubling the wind speed leads to eight times the output • Feed into the grid possible

The development is based on the problem of creating an energy source that uses wind energy without destroying the landscape. A solution is achieved in that a roof wind turbine, which is preferably mounted along and below the roof ridge, provides a nearly continuous energy production with the wind. This energy can be used as a full heating system for the DET ^® heating systems. There is sufficient energy throughout the year for hot water and air conditioning.

By Electrolysis can also use hydrogen from water to power a car be won. The wind turbine is light by craftsmen manageable and installed in a short time. The subsequent installation the roof wind turbine is possible in every tilt roof.

These Development in the sector of wind energy is all other previous ones superior to known systems by its specific structure, though the energy potential on the roofs already known.

At Scientists at the technical university in Delft also have wind currents skyscrapers Simulated in the computer and astonishing noted: The wind is Accelerated at the edges of the house. That means: on the sides and on the roof the wind is much faster than in front of the house and a doubling the wind speed leads about to an eightfold energy yield.

Now they have developed a prototype of a small rotor, with which they want to exploit the previously untapped potential of skyscrapers. Although the upright rotor supplies power to only a family of four, several rotors can be mounted on each high-rise roof. The scientists are convinced that these rotors can - in the middle of the city - generate huge amounts of electricity (see also the 1 and 2 and their description below).

Mode of action:

The Development refers to a wind turbine for energy production and installation in a roof ridge. On the windward side of the roof Wind creates an overpressure and on the wind-turned off side of the roof arises in the wind a negative pressure. If you connect the two roof sides with a wind tunnel, so takes place in this wind tunnel pressure equalization.

In this pressure equalization, the air movement in the wind tunnel is faster than the current wind. If you build a rotor into the wind tunnel, so the increased Luftbewe supply in the wind tunnel can be used and used for energy.

With the existing developments for the exploitation of wind energy is the installation of wind turbines due to over-investment, noise pollution and or terrain blemish only aggravating possible.

These Development favors the mentioned features through the use of roof-top energy.

The Wind turbine is preferably integrated into the existing roof and the one for that necessary investments flow in no time Time back.

Achieved benefits:

• - self-sufficient System for heating energy supply without any use of fossil fuels fuels
• - by the specific expansion constant wind utilization possible, too at wind strengths smaller 2

Of the subsequent Installation of the roof-mounted wind turbine is possible in every pitched roof. It favored the decentralized power supply and can with appropriate inverter the surplus energy feed into the supply network.

An embodiment of the development is based on the 7 described and shows the side section of the roof, the wind tunnel and the wind turbine.

By the roof surface the wind is collected on the entire roof surface and by the back pressure of the roof compacted. This increases the density of the air mass.

Of the Wind is pouring the roof pitch corresponding to the roof ridge.

From the dormer becomes the windstream deflected into the wind tunnel. Due to the negative pressure, which is on the wind-turned off side of the roof, the denser air mass and the airflow of the wind, increased the energy utilization in the wind tunnel compared to the current one Wind.

Use of wind energy:

The most important reference for the estimation of the usable wind energy supply is the wind speed at the site. This is decisive from the place of installation or terrain, type of building, Vegetation and site altitude dependent.

Wind Energy: Wind Speed Three Wind speed is extremely important in terms of the energy a wind turbine can convert to electricity: the energy content of the wind increases cubically with the average wind speed. For example, when the wind speed doubles, the energy content increases eightfold (2 ³ = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8).

Why but does the energy increase with the third power? From the everyday experience is perhaps known that one for a Car, which drives at twice the speed, needs four times as much braking energy, to bring it to a standstill (which is nothing else than that Newton's Law).

in the Case of wind turbine we use the energy from the braking of the wind, and if we double the wind speed, get We have twice as many "windshields" per second through the rotor. Each of these slices contains four times as much energy as we mentioned in the example with the braked car.

The graphic ( 3 ) shows that at a wind speed of 8 meters per second, we obtain a rotors power per second of 314 watts per square meter of wind exposed surface (the wind is perpendicular to the rotor surface). At 16 m / s we get eight times, that is 2509 W / m ² .

Formula for the performance in the wind

The power of the wind blowing straight through a circular area is P = 1/2 ρ v 3 π r 2

Where P denotes the wind power measured in W (watts).
ρ = (rho) = dry air density = 1,225 kg / m ³ (kilograms per cubic meter, with average sea level air pressure at 15 ° C). Through the roof surface, the wind on the ges. Area collected and compacted by the back pressure of the roof. The density increases to about 2.5 kg / m ³
v = wind speed in m / s (meters per second). (See the part different wind speed)
π = (pi) = 3.1415926535
r = radius (ie half the diameter) of the rotor in m (meters).
η = Ges. Efficiency of the wind turbine

In the 1 illustrated plant would produce the following amount of electricity:
In an area with an average wind speed of 5.5 m / s (see Wind Zone 2), the air velocity through the roof is doubled and increased again in the ridge.

At 16 m / s and a dry air density of 1.225 kg / m ³ we get 2509 W / m ² of energy.

Through the roof surface of the wind is collected on the entire surface and ver seals by the back pressure of the roof. The density increases to about 2.5 kg / m ³ , which corresponds to 5118 W / m ² of energy per second.

The surface of the rotor blade is 1.5 m ² P = 2509 W / m 2 × 60 × 1.5 × 0.6 = 135.4 kW per hour

Different wind speed

At Scientists at the technical university in Delft also have wind currents skyscrapers Simulated in the computer and astonishing noted: The wind is Accelerated at the edges of the house. That means: on the sides and on the roof the wind is much faster than in front of the house and a doubling the wind speed leads about to an eightfold energy yield.

Now they have developed a prototype of a small rotor with they use the untapped potential of the skyscrapers want. The upright rotor supplies only a family of four with electricity, but on each skyscraper roof several rotors can be mounted become. The scientists are convinced: These rotors can - in the middle in the city - huge Generate quantities of electricity.

a model

The Special about this system is the possibility of a self-sufficient system for the production of own heating energy and the hot water treatment produce that by its specific construction stable the whole Year over distributed, produces enough energy to fulfill this purpose.

environmental relief

• - One Environmental relief is made redundant of fossil fuels with CO2 emissions in the heating industry become.
• - By Electrolysis creates alternatives to gasoline production.

to 5 :

The rotor blades are fixed so that the wings are parallel to the longitudinal axis and tangential to the shaft surface. Due to this inclination (90 ° to the radius and to the axis) we get the maximum wind braking surface and the maximum torque on the axle. Because the whole force of the wind only presses below the axis, a high compression can be made. This leads to an improvement in the overall performance of the system. For other models this would not be possible (see 7 ).

Further to 5 :

We observe here the dynamic pressure d on the rotor blades at standstill. The pressure on rotor blade V1 is smaller than the pressure on rotor blades V7 and V8. F1 <F2, therefore the wheel turns (see principle of the compressed air motor).

5a : Wind pressure during rotation

When the turbine turns, the air flows (arrow 38 ) over the surface A. Under the rotor blade V1 is a negative pressure 48 arise (principle of an aircraft wing), which almost eliminates the harmful vertical force F1 (hatched arrow) (only at standstill). The main used force F2 is in 5 also represented by a hatched arrow.

To 5b :

The maximum negative pressure 42 occurs when the wing A is vertical (90 °) to the shaft tang.

To 6

Lengths to to 12 meters are without big or complex Engineering problems possible.

To 7 (State of the art):

We Watch the wind pressure on the rotor blades here as well Standstill. d1 and d2 is wind pressure with exactly the same power, S1 and S2 is wind suction with exactly the same power. We see here, that no high compression can be made! The direction of rotation is only determined by the wind speed.

The inventive principle: Better a big one invisible surface perpendicular to the wind pressure as a filigree area in the meadow (usual tall wind turbines).

The structure of the radial wheel, the arrangement and geometry of the blades are in 8th is posed.

Of the Diameter of the shaft is proportional to the diameter of the rotor and is dictated by the geometry of an isosceles triangle. This gives optimum stability with a minimum of weight. Other advantages are: maximum force F2 and maximum torque on the axle by force F2, a vertical wing (F8) and wing (F7) 45 ° to the Wind direction. The wind pressure at the eaves of skyscraper roofs can through wings in the wind turbine according to the invention reach. This can be designed decorative. Even on the corner of skyscrapers, where between urban skyscrapers A lot of wind energy is lost, can be an interesting design be made.

Also important is the inlet funnel for compressing the air and thus to generate an overpressure and the sealing of the blades against the inside of the housing. As already from the 8th It is also essential that the respective outer ends of the blades and the inner ends lie on a connecting line forming the sides of the illustrated isosceles triangle tangent to the inner circle. The curvature of the blades serves to increase the area at which the wind pressure acts. Essential in the invention is that working with dynamic pressure similar to a compressed air motor. So an overpressure builds up in front of the wings. Because of the seal, the incoming air can not flow around the blades as in the prior art. A suction therefore does not arise behind the wings. In this way, a significantly better utilization of wind energy is achieved.

The wind turbine according to the invention uses the principle of the simplest linear motors, in which also the force F1 in the reverse direction is smaller than the force F2 in the forward direction (see. 5 ). An example is a compressed air motor according to the slide principle. The simplest linear motors are pneumatic cylinders in which a piston is displaced by the incoming compressed air. This piston movement and thus the energy is transmitted by a piston rod to the outside. A modification called "oscillating linear motor" is used in many pneumatic tools.

oscillating Linear motors lead during her Operating an automatic reciprocating motion, whose frequency is determined by the design of the engine and the flowing through Air quantity can be adjusted exactly to the respective tool type can. Typical application of oscillating linear motors are jackhammers, riveting hammers and pneumatic chisels.

The maximum wind braking surface is given by an octagon (see 9 ).

10 shows the grid 31 corresponding 4 in cross section.

11 shows the side view of the roof ridge with the wind turbine according to the invention.

12 shows the front view of the roof with grate removed and

13 the corresponding assigned cross-section.

24

Dachkonstruktion

25

abgekantetes Stahlblech

26

Stahllasche

27

Aussteifung

28

Dachpfanne

29

Tragfläche

30

Pfeil Dortmund: Windrichtung SW, Windgeschwindigkeit zwischen 4 und 5 m/s, Jahresdurchschnitt 75

31

Gitterrost

32

Winddruck (Pfeil)

33

Achse

34

Tragfläche

35

Verstärkungsprofil

36

Windsog (Pfeil)

37

Pfeil: Windrichtung ONO, Geschwindigkeit zwischen 4 und 5 m/s, Jahresdurchschnitt 25

45

untere Dichtfläche

46

obere Dichtfläche

4 :

24

roof construction

25

beveled steel sheet

26

steel strap

27

stiffening

28

pantile

29

wing

30

Pfeil Dortmund: Wind direction SW, wind speed between 4 and 5 m / s, annual average 75

31

grating

32

Wind pressure (arrow)

33

axis

34

wing

35

reinforcement profile

36

Wind suction (arrow)

37

Arrow: Wind direction ONO, speed between 4 and 5 m / s, annual average 25

45

lower sealing surface

46

upper sealing surface

38

Winddruck (Pfeil)

39

Tragfläche

40

Rotorblatt

41

Rotor der Radialturbine

42

Windsog

43

Winddruck

5 :

38

Wind pressure (arrow)

39

wing

40

rotor blade

41

Rotor of the radial turbine

42

suction

43

wind pressure

48

Unterdruck

5a :

48

vacuum

47

Drehrichtung

8th :

47

direction of rotation

Claims (8)

Plant for generating electrical energy from wind power with a wind turbine mounted on a roof, which drives an electric generator, wherein the wind turbine and the generator are arranged below the roof covering, characterized in that the wind wheel as a radial rotor ( 22 ) is formed, wherein the rotor blades ( 40 ) have the shape of airplane wings. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized, that the rotor blades not radially but obliquely to the Radius are arranged and in particular such, that the wind flow is vertical on the rotor blades incident. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in front of and below the radial rotor ( 22 ) and in the main wind direction a wing ( 29 ) is provided for guiding the incoming wind on the rotor blades. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that opposite to the main wind direction and above the radial rotor, an upper support surface ( 34 ) is provided, which is arranged there instead of the roof skin. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a flat seal, in particular a beveled steel sheet ( 25 ) is provided in the bottom region of the roof floor and below the radial rotor to prevent the flow of wind from below. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the lower support surface and on the upper support surface sealing surfaces ( 45 . 46 ) are provided, on which pass the ends of the rotor blades, so that the inflow ( 43 ) of the wind from the outflow area ( 44 ) of the wind is sealed. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a charging funnel is provided. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the ends of the rotor blades on the inside of the Sealing the housing issue.