DE202015004469U1 - Device for obtaining flow energy by means of a rotor with wing arrangement in analogy to the sailing ship theory by means of membranes - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for recovering energy from currents, hereinafter referred to as "sailing wind wheel", characterized in that it consists of one or more wings (F), which themselves are formed from sails or membranes (S1, S2, S3), and by adding them 2, 3, 4 or more wings form a wind rotor (Ro), (1, 3) which generates rotation over a horizontal or vertical axis (1) (1a) and thus utilizes kinetic energy, the sails (S1, 2) can be constructed as a surface of different shape, but their cross-section, suitably aerodynamically shaped to the "Apparent Wind" on the sail composed of wind by rotation and by normally attacking wind (W), so that the windmill with increasing rotational speed and an increasing resultant (R1, R2, R3) of the "apparent wind" (WS), which can exceed the speed of the attacking wind (W) and increase until the air resistance through R otation is the same size, and thus prevents further acceleration, all based on an application of the known sailing ship theory and its resulting sail positions, depending on the possible different possible angle of attack on the present design.

Description

The invention relates to a device for the production of wind energy, or here the possibility to create a new form of wind power plant based on a new sailing technology. Although this has a long tradition, it is rarely used in modern technology. The state of the art in this respect to date, or the patent situation,
Wind turbines or flow generators have their first roots in ancient times from about 1700 BC. Christ. Wind power was formerly used for grinding grain or for obtaining mechanical, later electrical energy. Historic sailing windmills have been in history for. B. used in the Orient, Greece and Holland as covering or textile surfaces. Modern versions are missing so far because of unresolved control problems which do not exist in shipbuilding. The power control of large systems of conventional design is z. B. by rotation of the wings parallel to the wind (pitching) to control the very large horizontal forces when wind is used. Until the current development, there are only wind turbines, in which the rotor blades are very stable or plastic. The pending patents such as "power generation plant" DE 10201003223 A1 or "Wind turbine with vertical rotor" DE 19920560 show that work has already started in the field of vertical rotors and technical textiles (which have moisture repellency or are supposed to regulate). But even for the textile rotor blades no membranes or substances have been used that are on wind currents (direction and strength) in a position to adjust or react to self-regulating.

The idea here is to use flexible grid-like membranes for a new type of vertical-axis wind turbine ("sailing wind") - with the effect that these systems can be made almost invisible and ecology-friendly.

At the same time, the technology offers the possibility of designing the shape of a wind turbine so that it has a nature-integrated design and appearance. This can be designed both in terms of color, as well as the shape of a tree. (Contour)

These new "sailing windmills" offer the advantages of lower dead weight, lower costs per square meter and thus lower starting resistances, so that even low-wind locations can be used where the use of wind power to generate energy is not yet economical. The development of a sailing wind turbine in which the rigid rotors are replaced by flexible sails, would also offer the opportunity to build larger facilities due to the lower weight.

This opens up new applications and sales areas in which today's systems available on the market have only a very low acceptance, z. B. in the utilization of so-called "bad locations". The lower the annual wind yield at the site, the greater the necessary sail area.

The idea is to be able to use these systems even in protected areas, nature reserves or tourism areas, where today wind power is largely rejected. Even a double use of agricultural land below the tree line seems so possible.

In addition, this new form of "sailing wind turbines" is almost arbitrarily scalable, but is limited in the project to initially power ranges of 2-10 KW.

Scalability also means that the entire self-propelled wind power design, even floating "offshore" can work, and thereby the resistance of the water is converted into energy, or is stored.

For conventional wind turbines, these wind turbines, if built as vertical rotors, do not reach the efficiency of horizontal runners, or are currently uneconomical. This is not only due to the high design effort but also because these resistance runners always turn 50% "counterproductive to the wind" or as pressure / 'Sogläufer z. B. as "Savoniusrotor" Although a higher yield but then do not have enough wing area in the wall. So far there is no "effectively functioning and at the same time simple construction" available to use with large work surface, with little self-construction and weight, both the air resistance and the wing principle (pressure and suction) simultaneously. For applications in cluster arrangement (micro-parks) can be increased significantly according to published studies Stanford performance again.

Although there are various constructions known that have just set this goal, but all reach, at best, 30% of the performance of today's horizontal runners. Presentation of leading competing products / processes and international state of the art Extensive research was carried out on the state of the art of wind turbines. Only a summary of this research should be given here. From the state-of-the-art technology of wind power generation, it can be seen that wind turbines with a vertical axis are only used in small power ranges up to 30 kW (Pcon, Eightwind, Helix ...). The rotor blades are usually made of light metals or plastics. The static problems and high forces on larger rotor surfaces required for greater performance limit the designs of larger systems. The small power factor of the vertical rotors also contributes to the fact that no larger systems are realized. Research projects in the field of vertical wind turbines in the medium power class up to 1 MW are not known.

Basic research is increasingly taking place in the field of kites and floating power plants. But the plants have large-scale power plant character and aim at other uses and performance areas than a vertical axis wind turbine. Marketable products are not expected in the near future.

• – Windrichtungsunabhängige Stromerzeugung
• – Stromerzeugung auch bei kleinen Windgeschwindigkeiten
• – Ausnutzung Bodennaher verwirbelter Winde
• – Ausnutzung von Wirbelwinden im urbanen Bereich
• – konstruktionsbedingte Sturmfestigkeit (Rotor kann nicht durchgehen)
• – geräusch- und schattenarmer Betrieb
• – kostengünstigere Wartung

wegen eingangs genannter Probleme bislang nicht abgedeckt.The average power range at which commercial power generation starts (50 kW to 1 MW) is provided by vertical wind turbines with all their advantages, for example:

• - Wind direction independent power generation
• - Electricity generation even at low wind speeds
• - Utilization of near-bottom swirling winds
• - Utilization of whirlwinds in the urban area
• - design-related resistance to storms (rotor can not pass)
• - low-noise and low-shadow operation
• - more cost-effective maintenance

so far not covered because of the aforementioned problems.

• – Schattenwurf und Geräuschbelästigung,
• – Abwertung des landschaftlichen Gesamtbildes
• – richtungsabhängige Windnutzung,
• – Abschaltung bei hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten

This is where conventional WTs with a horizontal hub emerge. However, they require a significant tower height and rotor diameter area with all known problems that occur in such systems:

• - shadow and noise pollution,
• - Devaluation of the landscape
• - directional wind use,
• - Shutdown at high wind speeds

The analysis shows that it is precisely in the abovementioned power range from 50 kW to 500 kW that there is considerable innovative and economic potential in the field of vertical wind turbines.

While the built conventional wind turbines are becoming more and more powerful due to repowering at the known locations, which makes the range up to 1 MW less and less attractive for conventional small systems with horizontal hubs, a vertical axis wind turbine could also cover new still unused locations, because such a turbine would be a has completely different effects in the landscape. The development of a sailing wind turbine, where the rigid rotors of conventional vertical wind turbines are replaced by flexible sails, would offer the opportunity to penetrate the power range of several 100 kW and thus open up a new market for vertical wind turbines. The application would move away from small island systems for homeowners to cost-effective green electricity production in small power plants.

• – Durch Verwendung von innovativen Membranen als Segel kann das Gewicht der Konstruktion reduziert werden, sowie der Preis günstiger ausfallen
• – Montage und Fertigungsaufwand werden reduziert, bzw. erfolgt kundenseitig
• – Transport zum Aufstellungsort wird hierdurch erleichtert, keine langen Rotorblätter wie bei konventionellen WKA Die radialen Belastungen insbesondere durch die Fliehkräfte am Außenberich der Segel verrringern sich durch die geringere Masse der Rotoren, dadurch sind höhere Drehzahlen möglich.
• – Die flexible Membran kann zu Wartungszwecken herabgelassen bzw die meisten Teile können als Halbzeuge. ausgewechselt werden, was den Wartungsaufwand gegenüber konventionellen Analgen erheblich verringert.
• – Das größte Gewicht, nämlich Generator und Getriebe, befindet sich am Fuß der Turbine; hierdurch wird durch die Anwendung einfacher Serien-Lichtmaschinen mit Planetengetriebe erheblich an Kosten gespart

The following advantages would be achieved, in addition to those mentioned above for vertical wind turbines, with the new sailing wind turbine:

• - By using innovative membranes as sails, the weight of the construction can be reduced and the price can be lower
• - Assembly and production costs are reduced or carried out by the customer
• - Transport to the site is thereby facilitated, no long rotor blades as in conventional wind turbines The radial loads in particular by the centrifugal forces on the outer side of the sail are reduced by the lower mass of the rotors, thereby higher speeds are possible.
• - The flexible membrane can be lowered for maintenance purposes or most parts can be semi-finished. be replaced, which significantly reduces the maintenance compared to conventional systems.
• - The largest weight, namely generator and gear, located at the bottom of the turbine; As a result, the use of simple series alternators with planetary gear saves considerable costs

The invention is therefore based on the object by means of a Segelwindrades solve this problem by, according to the in 1 shown novel arrangement of sails the resistance principle, the wing principle and the air collecting tornado tower principle are superimposed or combined.

The solution is to - to transfer the sailing ship theory to the wind turbine theory and thereby sailing technology, - actively driven by the ship even driven by wind to 360 ° in any direction to sail, so also directly against the wind, - now on the Wing of a sailing wind wheel transfers. In the process, the latest findings of constructions have flowed in, which "with wind exactly against the wind in annual international competitions," seeming here overunity effects that result in such a system by the drive-increasing factor of the wind not only produced But it is also used by not slowing down but on the contrary with drives. A regulated, soft, yielding system reduces the static effort. The main problem of the strong horizontal forces arising in a sailing windmill is additionally due to a static bearing as in 10 solved by the total torque by pressure on the ground and train in the weight axis (Rs) inside iund removed by means of the external axis of rotation only pressure (D) of the moments ( 6 ) The basic principle of the sail arrangement thus corresponds here to "three or more ships crossing a central axis", - whereby the overall arrangement causes ( 1 ) that the transverse wind after almost two opposite deflections can flow almost free from vortex into Lee after he has done work. This creates the usable force just by deflecting so "inertia" of the driving medium instead of deceleration as is currently done in wind turbines with appropriate "Stauschleppe", and along the wing-shaped curved sail always usable pressure and suction zones, being in the hollow core of the system revolving negative pressure column of air, which additionally sucks and accelerates the entire wind flow passing through the sails. ( 3 .)

The regulation of the system is done by mechanical self-regulation, in that the sails on the one hand give way flexible, on the other hand, however, the substances themselves as a membrane have the property to let increasingly wind flow through wind pressure or wind speed, without weakening the actual work resulting.

The use of membrane technology can also open up ways to use, for example, technical functional textiles, which then serve as an advertising medium or thought further into the future to integrate other key technologies - such. For example, to use solar films, electroreactive fibers, etc. to use here integrating wind and solar energy.

For the future use of wind energy

The design is scalable to the top, the calculations show that seemingly a only 120 m high system in comparison to the same high 1.5 MW turbine of conventional design due to the very large areas and high torque up to 60 times more energy at the same height and then easily reach up to 100 MW per construction. The preliminary cost calculations show that wind energy costs roughly € 1 million per MW, offshore about € 1.3 million, and solar farms for electricity from the sun € 1.5 million per MW. Membrane wind turbines will be at least 50% cheaper in terms of cost, as larger area will consume less material and will be able to use low wind locations only for us, with rotor costs now dropping to 30% of solid rotors , Lower dead weight gives earlier start-up opportunity. Our new transversal ring generators reduce the force due to their geometry like a gear that you no longer need. All heavy or moving parts are static and easy to use on the ground, all other parts can be based largely on existing sailing ship technology and are thus tested and easy to maintain and climate-resistant.

The design of the membranes allows wind regulation through the material or the construction itself, this is in transparency, shape and color in a kind of "Mimikri" to adapt to the respective environment and thus environmentally friendly and largely invisible to realize. This also reduces contrasts and glare.

Low movement speeds in the rig and the softness of the materials reduce noise, and the soft structure is completely safe for birds. In appropriate situations, the membrane can be used as a base for printing information and advertising, with appropriate light and surface design, a later combination with power - generating surfaces is conceivable then subject by the "wind" of constant cooling.

In addition to a later general scalability up to 10 KW (100 MW) and more, the possibility of a "buoyant variant" should be investigated, which then slows down this rotation by resistance in the water when rotating around its own axis, - in the form of flow force generators Hydropower technology can be converted directly into electricity or storable hydrogen or simple compressed air. At the same time, the system can also use flow energy under water.

For further implementation

• 1. A 2-10 KW plant, height up to 10 m, sail area about 60 sqm
• 2. A 150-250 KW plant, height about 25 m, sail area about 375 sqm

These systems are shown in the accompanying drawings.

Both systems are to be designed with a standard generator in stock, assuming a rotational speed of 60 to 100 rpm at 2) and about 100 to 200 rpm. The power extraction by the generator then brakes o. G. Idling speeds accordingly from or prevents further increase.

• Hier Bemessung 10 KW gleich 25% der maximalen Elektrischen Leistung

100 KW Anlage – 375 qm Fläche bei Wind 5,5 m/sec. Und Höhe ca 20 m Mittlere Leistungsdichte nach Weibull 429 W/qm Max. elektrische Leitung 250 W/qm Theor. elektr. Jahresleistung 834.902 KW/a Gesamtleistung der Anlage 429 W/qm × (2/3 × 375 qm) × 0,7 = 75,0 KW 254 W/qm × (2/3 × 375 qm) × 0,7 = 44,0 KW bei Wind 10,0 m/sec. Und Höhe ca 20 m Mittlere Leistungsdichte nach Weibull 2255 W/qm Max. elektrische Leitung 1337 W/qm Gesamtleistung der Anlage 2255 W/qm entspricht 400,0 KW 1337 W/qm enKW –

• Hier Bemessung 100 KW gleich der 25% maximalen elektrischen Leistung

The attached tables give the following picture for our plants: 10 KW plant - 60 square meters area in wind 5.5 m / sec. And height about 10 m Mean power density according to Weibull 195 W / sqm Max. Electrical line 115 W / sqm Theor. elec. annual output 60,600 KW / a Overall performance of the plant 195 W / sqm × 60 sqm = 11.7 KW 115 W / sqm × 60 sqm = 7.0 KW at wind 10.0 m / sec. And height about 10 m Mean power density according to Weibull 1156 W / sqm Max. Electrical line 685 W / sqm Overall performance of the plant 1156 W / sqm × 60 sqm = 60.0 KW 685 W / sqm × 60 sqm = 41.0 KW

• Here design 10 KW equals 25% of the maximum electric power

100 KW plant - 375 square meters area in wind 5.5 m / sec. And height about 20 m Mean power density according to Weibull 429 W / sqm Max. Electrical line 250 W / sqm Theor. elec. annual output 834,902 KW / a Overall performance of the plant 429 W / sqm × (2/3 × 375 sqm) × 0.7 = 75.0 KW 254 W / sqm × (2/3 × 375 sqm) × 0.7 = 44.0 KW at wind 10.0 m / sec. And height about 20 m Mean power density according to Weibull 2255 W / sqm Max. Electrical line 1337 W / sqm Overall performance of the plant 2255 W / sqm corresponds to 400.0 KW 1337 W / sqm enKW -

• Here design 100 KW equal to the 25% maximum electric power

The actual functioning of the sailing wind turbine

Operation of the sailing wind turbine

Fig. 1

principle

Operation of the sailing wind turbine, basic geometry and arrangement Due to the desired self-regulating sail diaphragm and the lower operating speeds (slow speed) of the sailing wind turbine, it is expected that the system can produce electricity even at high wind speeds. The poorer power factor of the sailing wind turbine compared to conventional wind turbines is partially offset by this special mode of operation. Particularly in the area of turbulent currents on the ground and in urban areas where the wind speeds are very high, the sailing wind turbine has advantages over conventional wind turbines.

Fig. 2

System basic types

Construction types and examples

The resultant forces (R1, R2, R3) result from the superpositions of the three effects.

The geometric arrangement of the sails ( 1 . 3b . 4 ) determines each other significantly the efficiency (power factor c _p (see 0)) of the sail wind turbine. As part of the research project, the optimal parameters should be determined in the experiment and implemented on the prototypes.

Fig. 3: Operation sailboat

The three-winged (S1, S2, S3) vertical rotor of the sailing wind turbine is a combination of resistance runner and lift rotor or a novel principle next to Darreius or Savoniusrotor.

The blue arrows represent the wind (W), which is set into a kind of rotation (R1, R2, R3) in the axle area and is deflected twice from its direction, ( 36 ) Each deflection (R) together with the cross-section reduction makes the air faster and performs work in a deflection, both on (S1) and (S2) (resistance runner principle).

With the sails turning away from the wind, the back pressure of the wind and the flexible membrane sails create corresponding "wing shapes" (S1, S2). If the sails are inclined in the wind during the orbit (S1, S2), a "buoyancy effect" results, which likewise generates a force component in the direction of rotation (buoyancy principle).

If air (L) hits at right angles, the grid-shaped fabric structure (St) allows the wind to pass increasingly. This reduces the wind resistance of the sail (S3), which turns against the wind.

Fig. 4

Performance of the sailing wind turbine

The power (P) of a wind turbine (WEA) is described by the following formula: P = c _p · 1/2 · ρ · ν ³ · A with P - electric power; cp - coefficient of performance;
ρ - density of air; ν - flow velocity;
and A - swept area of the windmill

The power coefficient c _p can be a maximum of 16/27 ("Betz factor") for an ideal wind turbine ¹ . The maximum power that can be removed from the wind is: P = 8/27 · ρ · ν ³ · A

For vertical axis runners, a power coefficient of 0.2 (drag rotor: Savonius) to 0.4 lift rotor: Darreus) is assumed

Each swept area is calculated at the sail wind, as in all wind turbines on the opposite surface of the wind. For the, in the simplest case, rectangular membrane sail of the sailing wind turbine, the area is calculated with the following formula: A = D · H with D - diameter of the sailing wind wheel and
H - the height of a sail

The power of the sailing wind turbine is then calculated using: P = 0.18175 · ν ³ · D · H for c _p = 0.3; ρ = 1.225 kg / m ³ (15 ° C);

If the power of the sailing wind turbine is related to the area, the power per square meter P will depend on the wind speed (see following figure). The amount of total energy is guaranteed by the number of modules selected.

Due to the special shape of the sail wind turbine, the new wind turbine works both as a resistance runner and as a lift runner (see chapter 0). Initial measurements on a test vehicle have shown that a power coefficient c _{p of} the sailing wind wheel of 0.3 and higher is possible.

Fig. 5: Membrane sail in the wind

A second factor is the resulting camber, which changes the aforementioned angle so that the forces within the sail act differently due to its shape. Here realized by the module differences.

Fig. 6: arched membrane in the wind

A third factor is the resulting stretching due to built-in stretch reactions depending on the nature of the buckle, it is useful and desirable, with a stretch causes an enlargement of the mesh openings but also a stronger curvature of the sail.

These three factors of increasing permeability of the membrane for acting horizontal forces is a regulation in the sense of the respective wind force and replaces conventional pitching or regulation systems, so that the sail wind turbine does not have to stop work even in strong winds.

Due to the wing cross-sectional shape of the sails, on the one hand horizontally acting forces are neutralized, - on the other hand, but with this air in each case the adjacent pressure and suction forces with which is worked tangentially, reinforced.

The superposition of the effects must be examined in detail in order to later form the network structure in such a way that the intelligence of a nonexistent control software is virtually inherent in the membrane hardware.

Due to the reduced weight, an early start-up is achieved at low flow speeds, because the nozzle effect achieved in the core of the system supports the start-up.

The net structure of the sails acts from a certain initial speed as a closed surface for air flowing in at right angles, because initially the small turbulences on the net can complicate the afterflow of air at the same time. (Effect of wind protection nets), but this effect is above a certain speed again self-reducing.

The network structure causes the constructions to be barely visible and translucent to match color, this transparency combined with the slow rotational speed reduces any environmental impact, and is also completely harmless to birds. Noise scenes and "disco" .- Effects eliminated, the amount of already reduced membrane material is reduced again at a hole proportion of 70% again with further effect on the starting point.

Effect of the Sail Diaphragm on the Sailboat, (Figure 3)

An invisible lattice structure (St) or extensibility of the membrane results, such. As in "wind protection nets", a recording of wind energy while reducing the horizontal forces.

On the one hand, the wind will penetrate more and more the membrane network with increasing speed, on the other hand, this right-angled effect depends on two parameters which in turn are superimposed. One factor is the inlet angle of the wind to the membrane grid, the more tangential the air impinges the less permeable the material acts.

The largest permeability is thus given geometrically at inflow at 90 ° to the surface. (St), 1, from 12 m / sec flow is observed an air dam in windward, which prevents any further pressure increases on the system.

Fig. 7, Fig. 8

• Sail details Type 1, base generator as a flexible kit

Fig. 9:

• Expected minimum square meter power W / m ^{2 of} the sailing wind turbine (c _p = 0.3) depending on the wind speed

Annual energy yield and wind speeds

If the wind speeds are measured over a year, it can be seen that in most areas strong storms are rare, while moderate to fresh winds occur relatively frequently. This results in an asymmetrical distribution of wind speeds. To capture this distribution, it is calculated statistically according to the Weibull distribution. From this distribution a mean annual wind speed can be calculated.

The wind speed increases due to the ground roughness with increasing altitude. The Weibull distribution makes it possible to deduce the wind speeds of other altitudes from a known average wind speed at a specific altitude. Thus, the annual output of various large plants, different height can be calculated.

The following figure shows the possible annual energy yield in Central Germany ( _mean = 5.3 m / s). The utilization of the possible amount of energy depends essentially on the windmill used.

Utilization of the total annual amount of wind energy in Central Germany (v _average = 5.3 m / s) with the expected working range of the sailing wind turbine If only the specific area performance is considered, the square meter power of the sailing wind wheel of a year (8760 h) is calculated with the formula for the performance of the sailing wind turbine, as follows: P [kWh / (am ² )] = 0.18175 · ν ³ _Weibull · 8.760

Fig. 1b: annual output of the sailing wind

In the mistake! Reference source not found. are the calculated performance data of the two planned prototypes
calculated for 3 m / s and 5 m / s average annual speed.

Workspace

Due to the lightweight design (less moving mass) and the characteristics as resistance runner, the sailing wind wheel starts to run at lower wind speeds than conventional wind turbines.

Drawing list:

1
Principle, system, basic module

2
System, basic types in floor plan and view

3
Principle Energy from wind

4
Module combinations 1-4 (2, 4, 6, 8 KW)

5
Isometry 1 Version 1 module, 4 modules

6
Detail pinwheel

7
Detail footpoint pinwheel

8th
Detail generator and transmission

9
Cut foot point stance axis

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

F

Wing, sail area z. Dacron

Fö

End main axis

fd

Sockelaufständerung

S1, 2, 3

sail membranes

1

vertical axis

R1, 2, 3

Wind resulting at the sail

WS

Apparent wind

M

Membrane, closed, perforated or structured

St1, 2

Network structure sails

G

Angle of attack Sail to wind

A, 1

Vertical axis vertical

L1, 2, 3

camp

L

Stock on the ground

W

wind

S

steel cables

sp

Rubber cable connections

BI

Concrete slabs, base rotor

r

Rotor arm, I = 2 m

ro

Total rotor

D

Pressure / weight on the ground

R1, 2, 3

rotation

G

casing

T1, 2

Basic types, h = 10 m, (4 modules)

ds

Druckspreize

Rb

Edge profile bent

So

base frame

Gi

grating

kn

Module connection node, main axis

Sat.

Seilanschlss

Ge

Generator, alternator

Sr

disc brake

Zr

toothed belt

SF

Feststellbrense

SB

brake disc

Rs

stand axis

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10201003223 A1 [0001]
• DE 19920560 [0001]

Claims (10)

Device for recovering energy from currents, hereinafter referred to as "sailing wind wheel", characterized in that it consists of one or more wings (F), which themselves are formed from sails or membranes (S1, S2, S3), and by adding them 2, 3, 4 or more blades form a wind rotor (Ro), 1 . 3 ), which has a horizontal or vertical axis ( 1 ) ( 1a ) Generates rotation and thus emits kinetic energy usable, whereby the sails (S1, 2) can be constructed as a surface of different shape, their cross section, however, is suitably aerodynamically shaped to the "Apparent Wind" on the sail which consists of wind through rotation and through normal wind (W) is composed, so that the wind turbine with increasing rotational speed and a rising resultant (R1, R2, R3) of the "Apparent Wind" (WS) absorbs, which can exceed the speed of the attacking wind (W) and increases as long as, until the air resistance by rotation is equal, thus preventing further acceleration, all based on an application of the well-known sailing ship theory and its resulting sail positions, depending on the possible different possible angle of attack on the present construction. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical rotor (Ro) three or more wings (F) are arranged in the form of an open Ypsilons around an open axle center ( 1 ) and then overlap one another slightly in the wind direction, catching the wind, diverting it into the middle (A1) and rotating it there before the air flow leaves the center again, reversing it twice in opposite directions (S1, 2) , and this deflection is thereby several times converted into usable mechanical rotational energy (R2, 3). ( 3 ); whereby here for the first time a combination of resistance runners and pressure / Soggans arises, by means of this novel rotor, which neither Darreius nor Savoniusrotor represents, but in which each sail works according to sailing theory at each angle of attack, (to turning or Halsepunkt, 2 dead centers). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that, for vertically or horizontally mounted rotor three or more wing sail (S) radially ( 1 . 3 ) are arranged and so the axle center (A) "sail around", whereby all sails are always active, the sail contour can be chosen freely; Here, the operation of known windmills is achieved only by membranes with reduced material usage, and due to reduced weight over conventional designs with greatly reduced starting torque. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the wings (F) can consist of movable or stiff sail-shaped membranes (M) (eg polyethylene fabric or Dacron), (F) as well as of multiple membranes, ie alternatively, pneumatic gas-filled structures that form the wing, thereby further reducing weight and allowing all types of diaphragm wings to be used as airfoils both in air and in liquids; - Construction alternative, (s. 2 ), as a membrane (S) stretched between two profiles (Rg). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the construction with wings (F), - acts integrally with bars and tension as Raumfachwerkträger, - wherein additionally a perforated in a certain way membrane (M), or of net-like structures (St) different mesh width, so depending on the mesh size and angle of attack to the wind, (g) to let this more or less, this in specific dependence on wind speed, so as to reduce the horizontal forces in the system at higher wind speeds, or and to the entire wind turbine to equip itself with a self-control by the responsive membrane itself; alternatively by yielding arms (r) or breaking points (sa) as modified shackle pins (35-year storm). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the central vertical axis of rotation (A), 10 ) is supported alternatively by means of storage directly on the ground (L) or on base elevation (Fd) as a load-bearing fixed axis and held by the bottom rigidly connected to the vertical main axis secondary beam (R), ( 10 ), which in turn are stored on the ground (So), whereby load-pressure by gratings, and concrete slabs (Bi) arises and so the coming from above hollow central axis (Rs) through the bearings (L1) for the weight and (L2 , 3) is held for the moments, ( 10 , 1, 2) or alternatively by only 2 tapered roller bearings in (L2, 3). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the system axes in the form of 1, 2, 3 or 4-point rod frameworks can be produced as semi-finished products (A) modular 6 , 2) ( 4 ), and so also system parts from rigging and sailing ship application apply, ( 12 - 15 ) with all sail surfaces adjustable by means of connections in the form of steel or rubber ropes (S), (Sp) on the steel or Aluminum base structure can be flexibly fastened, ( 5 . 6 ) which serve in too much wind as predetermined breaking points by modified plastic axes in the shackles. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction ( 12 - 15 ) can be stored floating, and the rotation is converted by resistance body in the water by braking by screwing into usable kinetic energy by suitable screw body slow this rotation of the wind turbine in the water against the resistance, this is done in the form of a rotating Tri-Maran or such skids. Part of the energy is gained and used to keep the device floating against the wind. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction works almost noiselessly due to their softness and their reduced weight and low speed and can be adapted not only color to the environment by the reduced visual effect of the mainsail and glass PU films, but also transparent appears, but still can serve as a carrier of printing and projection, as well as transparent solar cells, but can also be adjusted in size, by increasing the number of modules, (s. 4 ) so as to be able to use even weaker wind locations, the zb. are not free and are surrounded by building or planting. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for forwarding and conversion of energy at the bottom point, or the hollow central axis (A1), are located and there, first as mechanical energy, then either in power, or pump power to be converted, the latter then z. B. for the production and storage of compressed air or for high-pressure pumping of water to save energy so in the form of latent energy and grain centering before further conversion (power generation) takes place. (Compressed air, potential energy)

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