DD256169A1 - WIND ENERGY CONVERTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The wind energy converter serves the use of wind energy to relieve and supplement the electrical power supply. It is preferably suitable to realize a highly effective hydrogen supply via electrolysis methods, because this conversion with the useful factor 0.98 can be realized by means of wind energy. Uranium and coal power plants have only the useful factor 0.2-0.4 for this because of the high processing costs of energy carriers. The aim and the object of the invention is to realize a pollution-free energy supply by converting the wind in preferably hydrogen. This is possible only by wind, because this form of energy is 1,000 times more than necessary present everywhere and hydrogen is the most outstanding energy source of future energy supply, because it is universally applicable and loss-free transportable and storable; it is environmentally friendly and can replace the current electric power supply network highly effective. The inventive converter operates gearless with multiple individually excitable rotors on an axis whose poles can be arranged offset from each other. It is proposed to realize preferably large converter according to this principle, since a large number of small wind converter of the same power require a multiple social effort.

Description

Field of application of the invention

Wind energy converters are used to convert the wind into electrical energy and are particularly suitable in large-scale wind power plants to relieve the conventional energy supply system of thermal power plants highly effective.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

Wind energy is one of the historically oldest energy sources used by humans. It has been superseded in modern times by the use of fossil fuels in effectively appearing thermodynamic energy converters. In modern power plants, nuclear energy converters are operated on the same principle. The major environmental disadvantages of conventional energy use have been unrecognized for more than a century. The immense deposition of C-products in the atmosphere leads to unsustainable harmful consequences in the next century. The use of nuclear energy does not diminish the harmful influence on the life of the earth, but only changes the sources of danger. In particular, the problem of nuclear weapons can only be solved if the use of nuclear energy is eliminated because it supplies the raw material for the nuclear weapons, the resulting heat offers the possibility of having the consumer pay for his destruction in advance through the supply of energy.

The apparent advantages of these energy sources are still accounted for at the expense of the economic burden of the ecology, because the utilization rate of the conventional energy supply of 5 to 10% does not allow further burdens. Forest scientists have succeeded in proving that the dying of the forest is clearly related to the conversion of the coal as an energy source and can be traced back to decades of action and can only be rehabilitated by long-term, costly remediation measures. Efficiency Relief of the environment is only to be expected if the current hyper-consumption of coal is decimated. Although the wind energy use efforts have continued in this century, the useful energy share of the wind is only about 2%, but with an upward trend. Ecological awareness and the knowledge of the advantages of the present solar energy sources are prerequisites for the promising Η-technology, which can be perfectly realized with wind energy. With C-combustion or U-activation, H-technology is not economically solvable because these fuels require large amounts of processing energy; when using present solar energy eliminates this detour and effort. Previous efforts to large wind turbines showed no success-proof result, this is due to the fact that the aerodynamics and electronics have a relatively high conventional specific Standerreicht, which is first to develop for the use of wind energy. For example, the aerodynamics and electronics of an aircraft with its high level of wind energy converter design are not easy to transpose, although the physical fundamentals are the same. Between small-scale wind energy plants and large-scale plants, a further qualitative difference must be taken into account, not only in the aerodynamic region via the Re-number, but in particular in the meteorological area. For example, the wind speed has a substantial optimization effect for small or large plants; the medium of air, its manifestation wind - is - because equal-technically not true to scale in the object feasible.

In Fig. 1, for example, to scale, shown that the power of the wind power plant 1 000fachfach the wind energy Kleininanlage, alone by the near-Earth area their power factor is deteriorated by 3, resulting in a high material and social costs for small systems the same overall performance. Previous wind turbines, especially for high power, could not satisfy, because their overall design requires a high degree of optimization and an evolution, as in other areas of technology, is not possible that the medium -Wind - regardless of the state of the art, effective.

Well-known wind converters are equipped with gearboxes and are used aerodynamically only in the medium power range of the wind. Wind speeds below 5 m / s are not usable because of the gear inhibition; over 15 m / s is shut down by braking the aerodynamic rotor, thus large wind energy reserves are not usefully implemented in the converter, this is imperative to take into account in conventional generators, because the Durchgangszahl schneilaufender machines is 1.6 to 1.8.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to use over the current state of the art, all changes in power of the wind in the convector area, without stopping the rotor in the overload range from 15m / s. Safety reasons, however, make even in the inventive design novel braking devices required that are automatically operated in predictable gusty and gale-force storms.

By a gearless version of the converter and special design of the generator and a special aerodynamic design of the rotor blades, their automatic actuation and performance adjustment of the generator and optimal magnitude of implementation, a high social benefits of the embodiment of the invention is achieved. Previous implementations of large wind turbines could not displace or reliably supplement thermal power plants, so that it can be assumed that the known technical means for the use of wind energy in their conception showed no technical perfection in detail and consequently thermal power plants continue to be regarded as comparative objects. In particular, wind turbines have a very low Havarierisiko over nuclear reactors, because over decades acting life-threatening environmental pollution does not occur.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

Based on the stated disadvantages of the known prior art, the wind energy converter according to the invention is carried out only with a rotor axis on which the rotor blades and electric rotors of generator parts are mounted. In particular, the polyphase is switched by wind power dependent by mutually offset poles of the rotors or stators. An aerodynamic power adjustment is realized by an automatic adjustment of the blades of the rotor in the power range of the converter according to the generator design. The aim of this gearless converter is to realize a turbo-wind converter, which quickly reaches high speeds at very low starting torque, and also to use wind energy in the overload range. Wind turbine generators have rotor speeds of 0.5-30 rpm and require gearboxes with ratios from 1: 100 to 1: 1 000 for conventional generators, making wind speeds below 6 m / s unusable.

The transmission freedom allows wind energy from 2 m / s to use. Due to the large number of poles of the generators, which is between 100 and 1000 poles depending on the magnitude, relatively large moment of inertia take effect, which compensate for the wind power change. Furthermore, the stator of the generator determines the diameter of the converter housing, cooling slots, cooling fins and cooling channels are flooded by the natural air flow autovariable from the otherwise unused central air flow.

Even small and very small turbowind generators can be designed without gears; 6-30-pole for low power and 30: 100-pole for medium wind energy converters.

In order to be able to realize a power adaptation within wide limits, a change in the angle of attack between the end profile and the root profile below 10 ° is desired. This leads to the profile freedom over 25% of the wing length. This ensures that can be dispensed with the change in pitch in the wing root area, which is up to 60 °. Especially this area is of importance for the storm hazard. On the other hand, the wing root part is for the total wind energy balance of the converter

insignificant and offset by aerodynamic design of the converter center. The profile distribution between wing tip and wing root is to be chosen according to the polar diagrams so that the same pitch angle, the buoyancy forces of all profiles at the same Einstellwinkeländerung between C _A min and C _A max are; where C _A min should be feathered at values around 0. By this selection and arrangement of the profiles is achieved that large wind power develop only relatively small rotor performance, which are always below the transmission speed and are automatically controlled within wide limits, without causing flights jverwindungen. The sash position is electronically controlled by a digital measuring arrangement in which an electric motor-operated threaded gear via a central linkage actuates the Einstellwinkeländerung and this is the mains frequency and / or a normal frequency is constantly compared. For this purpose, preferably the amplitude steepness of the generator is used.

Embodiments of the invention

The invention will be explained by way of examples.

Fig.1: Wind energy converter in size comparison

Fig.2: wing with buckling

3 shows a sectional view of the basic structural design

Fig. 4: Partial view of Fig.4 rotated by 90 °

Fig. 5: partial view of a three-part generator with P / 3 Polversatz

Fig. 5.1: pole arrangement

Fig. 6: change in angle

Fig.7: Basic diagram of the control device

Fig.8: Circuits

Fig.9: braking by axial displacement

10: Segment generator arrangement

In Fig. 1, the size comparison of a turbo large wind converter 1 is shown with a wind converter 2 medium power. The 3füßige execution 1 shown here is in the opinion of the inventor optimal with a rotor diameter of 270m. Version 2 is a medium converter with a rotor diameter of 30 m. This representation explains that only large plants work in the optimal wind action range, the drawn optimization limit line Op of about 50 m makes this evident. From this point of view explains a 2-3-fold increase in energy benefits with the same rotor area of a variety of small systems compared to a large wind energy converter; d. H. Large converters have a higher social benefit.

In Fig. 3, the converter unit is shown in partial section.

Between the stator 4.1 and the rotor lining 4.2, the converter housing 5.0, which receives the stator 6.1 positively and is provided with cooling plates 5.2 embedded.

The centrally arranged in the converter housing bearing sleeve 5.1 serves to support the converter axis 8, through which the central control rod 9 is guided. On the converter axis 8, the rotors of the generator 7 are arranged and the wing arms 3.1 used rotatably about its own axis. All axes of the rotating converter parts should be arranged within the bearing point distance or may be arranged within a distance of 2. The central control rod 9 is moved axially via a threaded rod transmission and changes over the joints 9.1 and 9.2 and adjusting rods 9.3 by radial movement about the axes of the wing arms 3.1 the setting angle of the wings 3 within wide limits.

The adjusting clutch 10 in Figure 4 is connected via an axially adjustable and radially unrestrained connection point 10.1 with the central control rod 9 in a positive connection and is moved over its threaded portion and a threaded rod 10.2 depending on the direction of rotation of the motor 10.3 or her.

FIG. 5 shows a partial section of the converter axis 8 with its rotor 7 and the wing arm axis 3.1.

In this embodiment, 3 single-phase rotors are arranged offset by P / 3 pole spacing on the converter axis.

In Fig. 5.1, the radial arrangement of the grooves and poles to Fig. 5 is shown rotated by 90 °. This arrangement has several advantages over known technology. The excitation of 7.1.7.2 and 7.3 can be switched and regulated independently of each other, this design allows within wide limits a power adjustment.

The diameter of the generator can be kept small with the same number of poles and power and exemplified three-phase design by the array of rotors. It is also possible to arrange 4 or more rotors offset by P / 4 etc.

For stopping, a braking device 11 is provided according to Figure 3. It is in the housing 5 via guides 11.5 inhibited radially fitted and consists of the brake disc 11.1 with brake pad 11.2; permanent magnets 11.3 and control coils 11.4 are distributed in the effective range of the brake disc to the converter axis.

In the claim of the invention is also to choose the angle of attack of the initial profile P _a and the final profile P _{e of} the rotor blade 3 so that with the help of the Einstellwinkeländerung the C _A value of all profiles between the beginning and end of the wing between approximately O and maximum of the lift. This can be achieved with pitch changes between 0 ° and 10 °. At the same time the C _w value should reach a minimum at C _A = 0 in all parts of the wing.

These conditions are met by dispensing with the use of the wing root part. This results in several advantages, such. B. has

- The multi-pole generator of the converter has a relatively large diameter, which is thereby maximally interpretable without detriment;

- The root area of the wing can reach angles of incidence of 60 °, this limits the range of adjustment of the wing, a C _A value at 0 in all wing areas is not achievable, dadurph the storm safety is adversely affected.

In addition, the root area is aerodynamically and materially expensive and the apparent power loss in this area is practically zero, but the material savings are relatively large.

If, for example, the costly wing root surface 3.2 is dispensed with and D / 4 is profile-free compared to D / 12 wing arm length, then the effective area loss is 1/16 and thus insignificant, aerodynamically even an improvement in performance is achieved, because the removal of this root surface increases the high frequency of the rotor. By example, the pitch change does not allow the blade to be adjusted with lift forces at zero. The arranged according to Figure 1 between the stator 4.1 and the rotor lining 4.2 converter housing 5 can be adapted according to the above explanations optimal converter designs. Nevertheless, the wing arms remain relatively long, to take into account also discussed constructive requirements. The aerodynamic conditions can be further optimized by constructing a bend of the wing in the pitch angle range in a bend line K. With the Einstellwinkeländerung by rotation of the wing arm 3.1 while the effective rotor surface is changed and can contribute to the optimal use of wind conditions occurring. The turbo-wind converter 1 is intended, for example, at 10 rpm emit electrical power at a frequency of 50 Hz. According to the invention, no gear is to be provided, so that ρ = f · 60 / h = 300 pole pairs must be provided by the generator. If three-phase current were generated in a stator, at least 1800 slots would have to be provided. If 3 single-phase rotors are arranged offset on an axis P / 3 pole distance, the 0 is to be reduced to / 3 with the same groove arrangement. The single-phase generators can be individually energized and switched on depending on the wind power. However, the space according to the invention for 3-phase generators is available without power losses and even more appropriate for smaller power.

The author starts from the preferred conversion of the wind over the electrical conversion and electrolysis into the energy carrier hydrogen to the Η-accumulation. For this purpose, no high frequency stability is necessary and useful, it can be realized alone with the electromechanical control device according to FIGS. 3 and 4. For this case, the control device 9 to 10 mainly serves the use of even the smallest wind and the power reduction in Übßrlastbereich from wind speeds of 15 to 50m / s. From the illustration Fig.4 is easily seen that can be adjusted in accordance with the prevailing wind conditions by rotation of the electric motor 10.3 of the tread 3 between maximum lift and minimum lift. The already mentioned embodiment of the wing 3 according to the invention and its profile selection as well as the angle of attack range below 10 ° in particular favors the security in the event of a storm.

Nevertheless, a braking device 11 is provided, which is automatically attracted by the rotor 7 at Überertourung or can be controlled by means of control coil 11.4 and acts in the axial direction on the rotor 7. The permanent magnet 11.3 is used to lock, adjustment and amplification of the braking, while the excitation coil of 7 can make attractive, reinforcing or repulsive. In the case of compliance with high frequency accuracy when fed into the EVS network this task is satisfied by Fig.7, characterized in that a standard frequency fN produced or this is the mains frequency is used and the vibration generated in the converter is constantly compared with this electronic. This is to be realized so that the amplitude increase is evaluated electronically in the oscillation interval in such a way that a digital time and amplitude comparison initiates a long-term control via the mechanical control device and a short-term control means of solid state electronics makes an immediate Umtaktung still in the oscillation interval, this is preferably with thyristors to realize. The illustration according to FIG. 7 shows the comparison standard Un ^ n and temporally successive Uioo / fioo and U25 / f25 test amplitudes.

These very large deviations illustrate the implementation task. The high frequency _r oo is re-directed according to the normal frequency, and because of the large deviation, the electromechanical shift angle change is equalized by C _A reduction f _N , when f _{52 is} reached, the coarse change is turned off. This measurement and control version allows compliance with a frequency deviation ± 0.3 Hz.

In Figure 9, the air gap b of the generator parts 6 and 7 is conical. By axial displacement of the rotor relative to the stator, a braking device of high efficiency is realized. This device also allows a power change by means of the air gap change b. If the air gap is changed to 0, emergency braking occurs. According to FIG. 10, the stator 6.1 can be embodied segment-like or consist of a plurality of segments, and clamping braking can be initiated by mid-point displacement Mo-M 1 and radial change in position of the stator.

Claims (12)

1. wind energy converter with adjustable wings, characterized in that an axis (8) in the bearing points (L 1, L2) at a distance (I) is mounted and the wing arms (3) and rotors (7) within a maximum distance (2) arranged and the rotors are mounted offset to each other in the P / n pole spacing and the profiles Pa to Pe have a Anstellwinkeldifferenz whose Einstellwinkeländerung between CAimax and CAmin. 2. wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the rotors (7) to the stators (6) are axially adjustable. 3. Wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the wings 3 are adjusted by a central control rod 9, the adjusting clutch 10 on a threaded rod axially adjustable and in this the connection point (10.1) is designed radially inhibition-free. 4. wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the rotors 7 can be energized independently and single phase or three-phase in star or delta connection to the network are connectable. 5. Wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the wings 3 are executed profile-free in the root area and cranked within this range. 6. wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the converter housing 5 forms a single or multiple-part stator of a generator and is provided with cooling plates and a Statorverkleidung and rotor cowling formed a streamlined central converter cabin, which supplies the central wind energy to the wings. 7. wind energy converter according to item 3, characterized in that the edge steepness of the generator frequency measuring and controlled variable of a solid state electronics in the fine control range and also for a long-term electromotive control. 8. Wind energy converter according to item 5, characterized in that the angles of attack of all profiles of each rigid wing of the rotor have the same setting angle in the minimum air force and at this one setting angle in the maximum air force. 9. wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the wind direction change of the converter is involuntary. 10. Wind energy converter to point!, Characterized in that a braking device 11 is equipped with permanent magnets. 11. Wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the converter cabin is arranged rigidly on 2 support feet and a central foot and is set by electric motor on a circular path in the wind direction. 12. wind energy converter according to item 1, characterized in that the rotor axis 8 is mounted horizontally in the converter cabin and next to the vertical tower axis 2.1 rotatable about this. For this 8 pages drawings