DE102009017593B4 - Tower for a wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

Tower for a wind turbine, wherein the walls of the tower are at least partially made of individual wall sections of a wood material, which are interconnected via connecting means, characterized in that the wall sections are arranged offset to each helix forming that it is at the helix to a multiple helices formed in a single helix, and that the wall portion is a diamond placed on a peak.

Description

The The invention relates to a tower for a wind turbine, with the walls of the tower at least partially made of individual wall sections made of a wooden material are those who have connection means connected to each other.

at a wind turbine is a device for generating of electrical energy. The wind turbine is with a foundation, a Tower built on the foundation and a gondola that placed on the tower is provided. At the gondola is located those with rotor blades connected drive unit for power generation.

The construction of the tower is geared to the static load generated by the nacelle on the tower and the dynamic loads generated by the rotation of the rotor blades and the possibility of the gondola to move depending on the direction of the wind. Well-known towers are made of steel rings or concrete elements. The bases of the known towers are either polygons or annular circle segments. Polygonal towers made of individual segments of concrete are known WO 2003/069099 A1 , Furthermore, it is known to build such polygonal wooden towers ( DE 10 2007 006 652 A1 ),

Based on DE 10 2007 006 652 A1 is out DE 20 2008 010 515 U1 another embodiment of a tower of a wind turbine made of wood known. DE 20 2008 010 515 U1 discloses a tower of a wind turbine, in which the tower tower consists essentially of wood and is composed of individual woods. It is further disclosed to take measures against the rotting of the wood and an improvement of the timber tower with respect to tensile, bending, shear and vibration stress. DE 20 2008 010 515 U1 suggests that the tower be made in a mixed construction of wood and fiberglass reinforced plastic laminate. The glass fiber reinforcement is coated around the wood and laminated. A disadvantage of this construction are the parallel arranged woods, which have considerable lengths with the concomitant problems of the wood material at high tower constructions.

Under In economic terms, it is desirable to increase the height of the towers economically maximized to build, as the output of a wind turbine of the hub height of the rotor depends and the yield with increase in height increases. At the same time rise due to the greater height of the tower Requirements for statics and the material or material costs of the tower. The wall thicknesses increase and thus increases the construction cost of the tower.

One this crucial aspect in towers, which from sections arranged segments are formed, that the horizontal contact surfaces of the one above the other arranged segments are sensitive to shear loads or shear forces. This must be taken into account in the statics of the towers be defused, which leads to increased material use, and in particular a use of complex connecting means conditional.

task The invention therefore provides a tower for a wind turbine to put it under consideration the aforementioned shear force or shear load problem is possible, the construction height to enlarge and at the same time Save material and / or reduce manufacturing costs.

The inventive task is solved by that the wall sections arranged offset to one another helix forming are that the helix is one of several single helices Multiple helix trades, and that the wall section one on one Lace is placed rhombus. By this arrangement to each other is the shear load / shear force over derived the helix and there is no starting point for a take off the tower at a predetermined location. This is reinforced by the rhombic construction. Out this reason can wall thickness be reduced and it is possible in particular, simpler and thus cost-effective To choose connecting means.

at a multiple helix is advantageous in that the number of the multiple helix forming single helices with the number of wall sections in a horizontal Level of the tower coincides. Preferably, the diamond is provided as a circle segment or by formed two vertically interconnected triangles, wherein the surfaces the triangles are arranged at an angle to each other, the 360 ° divided by the number of single helices. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the upper bump sides the individual components of a helix a continuous line and / or have a grading. This will cause the load to drain in the tower verbesssert.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the wall sections at least partially in the joints have slots which are arranged transversely to the impact direction and / or along the direction of impact. Preferably, in the slots connecting means are used, which are preferably metal sheets, particularly preferably perforated sheets, which are preferably glued. Additionally royal The butt holes are taped with, for example, a tape or Plexiglas. Preferably, the introduction of the adhesive takes place by spraying the spaces between the component and the connecting element. Alternatively, wooden parts or wooden dowels can be used if the components are wood elements. These fasteners are inexpensive elements, but provide the necessary strength in terms of thrust or thrust loads between the individual components.

Next The operating loads acting on the tower also act climatic loads on the tower. In steel towers, this is climatic Counteracted by the application of a coat of paint on the tower. When using reinforced concrete, the steel framework takes the tensile loads of the tower on. The concrete cover takes the pressure loads on and serves at the same time to protect the steel structure against the environmental influences in the form of moisture and chemical reactions by the surrounding The atmosphere. The thickness of the concrete must ensure that the steel framework is protected against these burdens. In timber constructions are appropriate weather conditions Counteracted by paintings. At the same time, only wood materials can be used for the outdoor use are approved for the construction of wooden towers deploy.

A Further teaching of the invention therefore provides that on the outer surface of the Tower at least partially a coating is applied, wherein the coating is preferably applied so that the coating Absorbs tensile loads acting on the outer surface of the tower, and that the coating against the outer surface from the outside on the surface of the tower environmental influences, in particular moisture, seals.

Based on steel towers It is possible by such a coating, the necessary amount of steel in terms of tensile loads, since the coating tensile loads absorbs and at the same time save the coat of steel elements. With regard to concrete towers will it be possible to Concrete cover over the steel scaffolding reduce, so that a cost reduction arises. Regarding TimberTowers is it possible through the coating, To use wood-based materials and their bonding agents, the only an approval for own the interior.

A Another teaching of the invention provides that the coating in the coated section of the tower is applied over the entire surface, and the coated section wrapped. It is advantageous that the coating is a Laminate, a foil, a fabric, a textile or a plate is. Particularly preferred is a film, a Plate, a fabric and / or textile of plastic, being particularly preferably polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, Polycarbonate or polyethylene can be used as materials. Such materials are able to absorb tensile stresses and at the same time a conclusion and thus a seal against the on the surface to provide the tower with environmental impact. simultaneously such materials have lower basis weights than, for example Paintings on the surface of the tower so that this weight in terms of construction the static pressure load can be reduced, which also causes the tower construction can be made slimmer overall. simultaneously For example, the cost of these materials is greater than paints lower.

A Further teaching of the invention provides that the coating to is applied at different times of the tower direction. The first variant is the coating after erecting the tower applied. This can be done from above or below. alternative The coating can be done in sections during the erection of the tower or on the individual components before erection of the tower be applied. Will the coating before erection of the tower Applied, it has proved to be advantageous to the coating to be applied locally on the construction site. This reduces the cost of the coating and at the same time can be guaranteed be that coating during the transport of the individual elements is not damaged. The individual sections of the coating are then joined together connected, wherein particularly preferably the connecting via a Gluing or welding the shocks takes place.

A Further teaching of the invention provides that the coating directly is applied to the components of the tower. Preferably takes place the application over the entire surface by gluing. Alternatively, a section bonding on a surface of an ingredient. By gluing is ensured that a recording of the static load through the coating he follows.

A Another teaching of the invention provides that the tower at least partly made of steel, concrete, in particular reinforced concrete, and / or wood or wood material is built. It is preferably in the Wood or wood material around cross laminated timber and / or wood composites.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the coating in wood has a lower vapor permeability than the wood. On the In this way, the diffusion is reversed, ie the vapor permeability of the tower does not increase towards the outside, but towards the inside. In the interior of the tower, a heat generator is furthermore preferably arranged, which is preferably the power electronics of a wind power plant. The heat is the output power loss of the power electronics. Due to the heat generation, the moisture inside the tower is removed upwards and the moisture escaping from the wood is moved towards the inside of the tower and also removed. If the coating is damaged, the moisture is transported away to the inside. The moisture in the particles and minerals gradually closes the damage to the coating, while still ensuring that the moisture escapes inwards.

A Further teaching of the invention provides that the support structure of Tower is at least partially constructed of materials that are not suitable for outdoor use are suitable. These are materials that have a Admission only for have received the interior use in the construction of buildings. By the application of the coating makes it possible to use such materials and also connecting means for to use the supporting structure of a tower for a wind turbine, because the coating ensures the state of internal use of the materials.

A Another teaching of the invention provides that the tower of individual Components is composed on site. Composed on site Ingredients are flat elements. By such a Assembly of the tower of individual flat elements is ensured that the transport cost of the individual towers is significantly reduced.

following The invention will be described with reference to preferred embodiments in conjunction with a drawing closer explained. Showing:

1 : a spatial view of a wind turbine with a tower,

2 : a spatial view of the tower,

3 : the side by side of the tower,

4 an alternative embodiment of the tower,

5 an alternative embodiment of the tower,

6 : an embodiment of a tower according to the invention,

7 : an interior view of the wall elements too 6 .

8th FIG. 3: a spatial view of a basic element of an alternative embodiment of the tower, FIG.

9 : a spatial view of the erection of a tower 8th .

10 a spatial representation of a connecting means according to the invention,

11 : a detailed view too 10 .

12 : a ready-assembled view too 10 .

13 : an alternative connection option,

fourteen : a sectional detail view too 13 .

15 : an alternative connection option,

16 : an alternative connection option,

17 : a plan view to 16 .

18 a method for applying a coating,

19 : a side view of a coated tower wall,

20 : a side view of a wall structure according to the invention,

21 FIG. 2: a side view of an adapter for fastening a nacelle to a tower according to the invention, FIG.

22 : a plan view of the underside of the connector,

23 a first embodiment of an adapter according to the invention, and

24 A second embodiment of an adapter according to the invention.

1 shows a wind turbine 30 coming from a tower 31 who is on a foundation 32 stands, and a gondola 33 that have an adapter 35 with the tower 31 is connected exists. At the gondola 33 , which is made horizontally rotatable, is a rotor 34 provided by rotor blades 36 which is in a hub 37 with the gondola 33 are connected.

Below are various embodiments of the tower 31 explained.

According to 2 points the tower 31 an outside 38 on. The tower 31 is executed as a polygon. In the present case it is a hexagon, other polygons such as quadrangle, pentagon, octagon, toenail or dodecagon or larger are also readily possible. The same applies to a circular cross section. The tower 31 according to 2 has six tower sides 39 on, which are conical over their entire side. The tower sides 39 are made of individual wall elements 40 formed, which may be a shortened wall element 41 at the bottom and 42 have at the top. in the embodiment according to 2 are the wall elements 40 designed as a tapered trapezoid, wherein the individual wall elements can be composed of different sub-elements. The embodiment according to 2 has a helical structure. This is off 3 recognizable, in which the six sides are shown side by side. The individual wall elements 39 are arranged from side to side always offset by a sixth of the wall height upwards to each other, wherein the dimensions of the individual wall elements 40 doing so according to the conical inlet of the individual tower sides 39 taken into consideration. The six wall elements form a helix section 43 , This construction ensures that the seventh following wall element is arranged directly on the first wall element on top and these two wall elements are abutting each other. For other polygons, the offset is 1 / n * height wall element 40 where n is the number of polygon corners. These requirements also apply to the embodiments of the tower construction according to 4 and 5 ,

According to the embodiment of 4 points the tower 31 also a simple helix construction. The illustrated towers in turn have six sides and each side has a lower and an upper end element, possibly as a shortened wall element 41 . 42 , The individual wall elements between them are tapered, wherein the lower and upper side of the thrust, although parallel to each other, but are inclined at an angle α relative to the foundation side upwards. However, the angle α is advantageously chosen so that it corresponds to 360 ° by the number of sides, so that again at N sides the N + 1 wall element in turn on the first wall element of a helical section 43 can be arranged. The lower and upper sides of the bumps of the wall element 40 form a continuous line 56 ,

Also, the embodiment according to 5 represents a simple helix arrangement, wherein the embodiment of 5 to the embodiment of 4 characterized in that the upper and lower sides of the wall elements 40 have three sections, which is a first rising portion 57 , an adjoining horizontal section 58 and a second rising section 59 is. Overall, this in turn forms a continuous line 56 , whose slope, however, changes with respect to the individual wall elements.

6 shows an embodiment of a tower according to the invention 31 , The construction of this tower includes a multiple helix. The tower is constructed in the form of a basic element 53 that on a foundation 32 gets up. On the basic element 53 become tower elements 54 established. The tower is covered by a closing element 55 finished, then on the gondola 33 or the adapter 35 is arranged. The basic element 53 has a plurality of shortened wall elements 41 on. The number of shortened wall elements 41 in the basic element 53 returns the number of helix strands screwed together. Are six shortened wall elements 41 in the basic element 43 arranged, this means that six Helixschraubengänge were twisted into each other.

In the presentation according to 6 and 7 are the wall elements 40 as two triangles running at an angle to each other along a line 46 are arranged offset. The line 46 is here as an outer edge 46 executed. The two triangles form part surfaces 44 and 45 like this one in 7 is apparent. The basic element 53 is in 8th shown. In the current embodiment according to 8th are in the basic element 53 twelve shortened wall elements 41 provided so that a total of twelve helical strands are twisted together. In the embodiment according to 8th and 9 However, the wall element is a circle segment 50 executed. The putting together and connecting the individual tower elements 54 on each other or on the basic element 53 However, regardless of whether the wall elements are designed as a kinked element or as a circular segment element, the same. The individual tower elements 54 be either with an intermediate level 52 pre-assembled, like this one in 9 is shown on the underlying tower element 54 or basic element 53 mounted, or mounted individually.

A kind of connection of the individual wall elements 40 each other is in 7 shown. The two abutting surfaces in the mounted state 47 be connected with a connecting means, in wood elements such as adhesive. For steel elements, this offers Welding the joints. In addition, the abutment surfaces with recesses 48 Be provided that does not have the full width of the impact surface 47 are provided, but before piercing the outer wall side 38 end up. In 7 is the inside 51 represented the tower wall, so that the recesses 48 are visible. In the recesses 48 become connecting means 49 These are then used with the wall elements 40 connected. At the connection means 49 this may be dowels or metal plates or sheets. The bonding is done, for example, with adhesive, in the recesses 48 is injected. Subsequently, in addition, the outer surfaces of the recess, for example, with adhesive tape or the like., Covered. In the 7 However, shown connection possibilities, such as bonding the joints and providing recesses and the insertion of connecting means are not limited to the Mehrfachhellxausführungsform. Such embodiments can also be found in the single helix forms, as in 2 to 5 are shown.

Below are in the 10 to 17 several connection possibilities of the wall elements shown to each other.

The connection of the wall elements 40 with each other can be done in different ways. There are recesses in each case 48 provided in the connecting means 49 be used. These connection means are then connected to the wall elements, for example by gluing or the like, to create a holding operative connection. This active compound can then absorb shearing movements and the like or the resulting stresses. Another variant is in 10 shown. Here are in the wall elements 40 triangular or wedge-shaped recesses 48 intended. On the abutment surfaces 47 the wall elements 40 adhesive can be applied. The same applies to the surfaces 64 the recesses 48 , The connecting means 49 is a diamond-shaped cuboid in the form of a dowel 61 intended. Used as material for the wall elements 40 Wood used, so it is with the dowels 61 around wooden dowels. These dowels 61 can either after placing the wall elements 40 on the abutment surfaces 47 in the recesses 48 be used, or the dowels 61 be in the recess 48 of the already mounted wall element 40 used and the overlying wall element is provided with the recesses provided there on the dowel 61 put on and then on the impact surface 47 arranged and locked by gluing or similar connection method. The gluing is in 11 as an adhesive 60 shown. A further description of the wooden dowels 61 is in 12 shown.

The 13 and fourteen show the already for 7 Cracked connection form of the sheet metal elements in slots. In the embodiment according to 13 are in the wall elements 40 recesses 48 provided in the form of slots in the abutment area 47 are admitted, but not fully to the inside 51 to the outside 38 through, but it remains a residual wall element 65 , In the slots 48 become perforated sheets 62 used. On the abutment surfaces 47 in turn glue is applied and the next wall element 40 comes with its recess 48 on the wall on the perforated sheets 62 placed. Alternatively, in turn, the wall elements can be placed on each other and the perforated plates are in the then existing recesses 48 used and, as in fourteen shown with glue 60 bonded. Subsequently, the end face of the perforated plates can in turn be covered with an adhesive tape or other suitable covering means. This also serves as corrosion protection.

Another embodiment of the connection option is in 15 shown. Here are the abutting surfaces along the surface with recesses 48 in the form of grooves 63 parallel to the outside 38 or inside 51 of the wall element 40 Mistake. In these grooves 63 become feathers 64 as a connecting means 49 used. Fastening the springs 63 in the grooves 64 done by glue 60 , The grooves 64 then to be arranged on the wall element 40 be on the springs 63 placed. A further embodiment of this is in the 16 and 17 shown. Here are also in the abutment areas 47 the wall elements 40 recesses 48 in the form of a parallel to the outside 38 or inside 51 of the wall element 40 extending slot provided. In the slots 48 become elongated sheets 66 as a connecting means 49 used and also glued together. A top view of the abutting surfaces 47 the wall element 40 with inserted metal sheets 66 shows 17 ,

In 18 is the application of a coating 69 on a wall element 40 shown. Therefor is an adhesive device 67 provided the glue 60 on the outside of the tower 38 of the wall element 40 sprayed. After spraying, the coating is applied directly 69 applied as a roll 68 is provided. The coating 69 gets off the role 68 unrolled on the surface wetted with adhesive and thus on the surface of the wall element 40 applied. The application can after the erection of the tower 31 on the individual tower sides 39 respectively. Alternatively, prior to the construction of a single wall element, each individual wall element can be directly coated, or the coatings can be carried out after the individual wall element has been attached to the tower, so that the coating of the wall elements in the mounted state individually follows. After application of the coating 39 The joints of the coating (not shown) are connected together, so that a continuous, entire enclosure of the tower 31 through the coating 69 arises. The finished coated state is in 19 shown.

20 then shows the operating status of the wind turbine 30 and the prevailing vapor pressure gradient, represented in the form of the moisture movement 71 and the removal of moisture by the heat dissipation 72 , The coating 69 has a lower vapor permeability than the material of the wall element 40 on. This is particularly necessary in the use of wood, because it ensures that possibly through the coating 69 passing moisture is removed from the transition region coating to wood and also from the wood construction as such. By the heat dissipation 72 the climatic conditions within the tower are influenced so that there is a water vapor gradient from outside to inside. Adhere to the surface of the inside 51 of the tower 31 Moisture accumulating through the wall element 40 is passed through, is taken from the rising heat and from this from the tower 31 away. The resulting water vapor rises and escapes from the tower. Alternatively or additionally, a suction of the water vapor can be provided. There is thus a temperature gradient in such a way that the outside temperature is lower than the temperature inside the tower 31 ,

Because the connections for gondolas 33 in relation to the towers 31 are executed substantially circular segment, is an inventive adapter 35 proposed a transition of the polygonal tower 31 on the circular segment-shaped connection of the nacelle 33 allows. For this is a side wall 76 provided at the lower end of a flange 73 is provided, the holes 74 having. The flange 73 is centered with an opening 75 Mistake. The flange 73 serves on the polygonal abutment 47 of the top section of the tower 31 to be put on and through the holes 74 to be connected to the tower. At the upper section of the sidewall 46 are connection areas 74 for the gondola 33 intended. If necessary, to better load the side wall 76 to achieve a reinforced section 78 on the sidewall 76 be provided.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

30

Wind turbine

31

tower

32

foundation

33

gondola

34

rotor

35

adapter

36

rotor blade

37

scar

38

Tower outside

39

tower page

40

wall element

41

shortened wall element

42

shortened wall element

43

helix section

44

subarea

45

subarea

46

edge

47

abutting face

48

recess

49

connecting means

50

circular section

51

Tower inside

52

between level

53

basic element

54

tower element

55

termination element

56

through line

57

increasing section

58

horizontal section

59

increasing section

60

Glue

61

hanger

62

perforated sheet

63

groove

64

feather

65

rest area

66

sheet

67

gluer

68

role

69

coating

70

heat dissipation

71

moisture movement

72

heat dissipation

73

flange

74

drilling

75

opening

76

Side wall

77

gondola connection

78

reinforced section

Claims (25)

Tower for a wind turbine, wherein the walls of the tower are at least partially made of individual wall sections of a wood material, which are interconnected via connecting means, characterized in that the wall sections are arranged offset to each helix forming that it is at the helix to a multiple helices formed in a single helix, and that the wall portion is a diamond placed on a peak. Tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the multiple helix forming Single helices coincides with the number of wall sections in a horizontal plane of the tower. Tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized the rhombus is a circular segment in the horizontal direction. Tower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the rhombus by two vertically interconnected triangles is formed, with the surfaces the triangles are arranged at an angle to each other. Tower according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle is divided by 360 ° by the number of single helices. Tower according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized that the upper abutting sides of the individual components a helix a continuous line and / or have a grading. Tower according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that the wall sections at least partially in bumps slots have, which are transverse to the impact direction and / or along to the thrust direction are arranged. Tower according to claim 7, characterized in that in the slots, the connecting means, preferably metal sheets, particularly preferably perforated plates, are arranged and preferably in glued to the slots. Tower according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the wood-based material is cross-laminated timber and / or wood composite material is. Tower according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that the tower is composed of the individual wall sections on site. Tower according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized that the surface the outside of the tower is provided with a coating, Tower according to claim 11, characterized in that the coating at least a part of the surface of the Tower absorbs tensile load and the surface of the outside of the tower against the outside on the surface acting environmental influences, especially moisture, seals. Tower according to claim 11 or 12, characterized that the coating on the surface of the outside of the tower at least partially full surface is applied. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized that the coating is a laminate, a film, a fabric, a plate and / or a textile. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized that the coating is a plastic, a plastic plate, a fabric and / or a textile made of plastic is preferred made of polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polycarbonate and / or Polyethylene are produced. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized that the coating is at least partially glued to the tower surface. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized that the coating consists of individual sections, which together are connected, preferably glued or welded. Tower according to claim 16 or 17, characterized that the coating has a lower vapor permeability than the wood material having. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized that inside the tower is a heat generator is arranged, which is preferably the power electronics a wind turbine is. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized that the supporting structure of the tower is at least partially made of materials is built for the outdoor use are not suitable. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized that the coating is applied after erection of the tower. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized that coating during the erection of the tower is applied. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized that the coating before the erection of the tower, preferably before Place, is upset. Tower according to one of claims 11 to 23, characterized that the coating is applied directly to the wall sections of the tower. Wind turbine with a tower after one of claims 1 to 24.

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