DE102008051187B4 - Universal luminaire for use as escape route and escape route lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

Safety light (1) having at least one LED (55, 121, 123, LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) as a light source (87), in front of a light beam deterministic influencing means (61) for generating a rotationally asymmetrical light distribution (17) is arranged, wherein the safety light (1) both for illuminating escape signs (7) and for illuminating escape routes (21) is suitable by the safety light (1) radiates a minimum brightness, and this a first state ( 203) and a second state (205),
characterized in that
the same illuminant (87) is to be operated in both states (203, 205) in such a way that in the first state (203) the detection of a general electrical supply (131) via the supply connections (91 , 93) of the emergency luminaire (1) identifies that the luminous means (87) emits a first brightness (35) which is detected by the brightness (37) in the second state (205), which is detected by a measuring circuit in the safety luminaire (1) ...

Description

The The present invention relates to a luminaire, in particular a luminaire with at least one LED that serves both escape signs to be illuminated as well as to be used as escape route lighting. she Fulfills the requirements of previous permanent lights and previous ready lights.

In the meantime, there are many different lights that are designed to be used as security lights. A kind of safety lights can be found in the DE 20 2006 014 352 U1 (Owner: Zumtobel Lightning GmbH, filing date: 19.09.2006) or its equivalent EP 1 845 396 A1 to be viewed as. Other lighting devices with emergency lighting functions can be found in the DE 10 2005 010 893 A1 (Applicant: Kuo, priority date: 15.03.2004). In this document circuit implementations are described, which can control a controller based on the mains current. For this there are two separate circuits for the mains current. Not compliant with standard offers an emergency lighting device after DE 10 2005 010 893 A1 a switch for switching on and off. The description has been made primarily for lighting devices with fluorescent tubes, but the reader takes the opportunity to use light emitting diodes. Other aspects of the operation of safety lights can be the DE 100 48 904 A1 (Applicant: Dr.-Ing. Willing GmbH, filing date: 02.10.2000), which aims to reduce the batteries of individual battery lighters, to reduce the illuminance in emergency mode, and the DE 10 2006 030 655 A1 (Applicant TridonicAtco & Co. KG, priority date: 21.04.2006), which discussed in detail circuits for emergency lighting. The DE 10 2006 030 655 A1 deviates from the DE 100 48 904 A1 in so far as it puts the same performance of the lamp in the foreground, while the DE 100 48 904 A1 the power reduction in emergency mode recommends.

One further field of application for Luminaires with requirements for luminosity or brightness known from the cinema lighting. In the film screening operation, the escape route displays with a different number of lumens than in the phases between the screenings to shine.

A special way in which light emitting diodes can be used can be DE 29917 241 U1 (Property rights holder: Tilman Jürgen Henckell, filing date: 30.09.1999). The utility model application addresses many difficulties that involve the use of LEDs on, for. B. the achievable brightness, the range, the emitted light output and the possible radiation angle. Despite all this, LEDs are now convincing because of their light-current ratio. Progress has also been made recently in the joining technology and fastening technology of the LEDs. So that beats WO 2007 074 086 A1 (Applicant: Ems-Chemie AG, priority date: 23.12.2005) Polyamides, which can be used as LED lenses and are so temperature-resistant that they can survive even a solder bath.

As products of both a Finnish and a German company flat LED lights are known, which can emit a long-widened beam of light with a high-power LED and a front lens arranged so that they are installed as emergency lighting with extended spaces on the ceilings of escape routes can. The directional light beam guidance can advantageously focus the luminous efficacy in the preferred direction, so that the required limit values can be maintained in an escape route direction in spite of the comparatively larger interspaces between the luminaires compared to the otherwise usual installation interspaces. Similar thoughts can also be derived from the DE 201 18 684 U1 (Applicant: Bartenbach, priority date: 20.11.2000), which proposes to allow light distribution as near as possible to the ground by distributing it at an angle between two areas when mounting the lighting means with a band of LEDs in or on a floor is. A lens is supposed to expand the beam of light. The use of a concave lens for expanding the light beam to be used as a diffusing lens derived from LEDs may also be used EP 1 521 031 A2 (Applicant: Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp., priority date: 30.09.2003). Instead of clever use of lenses, the beats US 2004 062 055 A1 (Applicant: Rozenberg et al., Priority Date: 24.08.2000) to spatially arrange as many LEDs as possible to allow light distribution from a light area with many LEDs. Another problem in the context of LEDs is in the DE 10 2004 053 680 A1 (Applicant: Teknoware 0y; priority date: 07.11.2003), namely the need to derive the heat from the LED as well as possible. For this purpose, the arrangement of cooling surfaces is discussed in particular detail.

Lighting systems for buildings of public character include lights in permanent light switching. This means that the emergency lighting has at least one switching position. With permanent switching of the emergency lighting, their lamps are permanently active in the switch position "ready for operation". Further, lighting systems for public-type buildings include standby lights. When safety lighting is switched on, its lamps automatically become active in the switch position "ready for operation" in the event of a fault in the general lighting power supply. Luminaires in continuous light switching are used for illumination or backlighting of escape signs. As a rule, these luminaires do not meet the standard requirements as emergency lighting for escape routes, anti-panic lights or emergency luminaires for workplaces with special hazards. The brightness is standardized, for example according to DIN EN 1838 with 1 lux along escape routes and with 0.5 lux in anti-panic areas. This standard also places requirements on the uniformity of the illumination, which must be ensured by the arrangement and design of the luminaires.

For general principle are indeed depending on the application territory different - z. B. for functional safety and Integration of escape route luminaires into the emergency lighting systems in Germany the DIN EN 60598-2-22, the DIN VDE 0108-1 and the DIN EN 50172 (VDE 0108 Part 100). The conspicuousness of a rescue sign and recognizing the sign statement decisively determined by color and brightness of the sign and by size and shape of the graphic symbol. This relationship is in DIN 4844-1 among other things also held with formulas. In other territories apply comparable standards. The named standards apply through their references as complete integrated into the description of the invention to the basic concepts the safety lighting technology not once again fully set out to have to.

The DE 10 2005 019 278 A1 (Applicant: LG Philips LCD Co., Ltd .; Priority Date: 29.04.2004) describes a particular type of LED to be used in the construction of liquid crystal displays. The surface of each individual LED is spherically shaped to allow for nonuniform light distributions along a vertical and a horizontal angle in front of the LED. The document also states in principle that individual LEDs can be interconnected to form lamp units. How such lamp units look, can be exemplified the WO 2007/036 185 A1 (Applicant: Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH, priority date: 30.09.2005). In order to be able to use the irregularities in the sense of equalization in the light beams, it is proposed in the document to operate with at least two reflector layers. These measures should be able to reduce so-called hot spots, ie, the light should be more diffuse.

Instead of the surface of the LEDS itself, such as. B. in the DE 10 2005 019 278 A1 , of course, can of course also prismatic objects, see, for. B. US 2008/112156 A1 (Inventor: Min-Hsun Hsieh, Priority Date: 24.09.2004), or by large-area light guide surfaces, see e.g. B. WO 2007/087 710 A1 (Applicant: TIR Systems Ltd, priority date: 01.02.2006), formed diffusers are used. Such optical measures can be used not only for a scattering of the light, but it can also color mixtures of light of different wavelengths of different LEDs are generated. Because LEDs have temperature-dependent properties, the US 2008/005 944 A1 (Applicant: Advanced Optical Technologies, LLC, filing date: 17.01.2007), depending on the temperature to perform current control of the individual LEDs.

invention description

in the Result can be claimed that most security lights in standby light circuits do not meet the requirements for or backlighting of escape signs. Usually are Lights in permanent light circuit for escape route lighting bad suitable. On the other hand, the use of LEDs is so tempting that one way would have to be searched like LEDs reasonably can be used in emergency lights. The LEDs should be in escape route and emergency sign lighting devices are used can.

The task according to the invention is achieved by a safety light according to claim 1, advantageous Further developments can be found in the dependent claims. The invention is defined by the independent claims, the general description of the invention, the description of the figures and the dependent ones claims describe it In addition, advantageous developments.

simplified is subsequently spoken of optics, if so a system or an arrangement with at least one of the following components meant is, namely a lens, a Fresnel lens, a concave lens, a mirror, a reflector or other influencing the light beam Device is meant.

The safety light has at least one LED. It is a high power LED. It can also be one Be high-voltage LED. The single LED provides at least a luminous flux of 15 lumens, preferably more than 60 lumens. If more than one LED is installed in the emergency luminaire, the brightness increases in one of the states roughly estimated by a multiple corresponding to the number of LEDs. The safety light is equipped with a light source. In front of the LED a device is arranged. The device is intended to deterministically influence the light beam from the LED as the light source, in contrast, for example, to a roughened or milky glass surface. A deterministic influencing here is the targeted change of the light emission characteristic by a certain number of surfaces in a given arrangement, which break the light beam. This deterministic influence leads to a rotationally asymmetric light distribution. The safety light can be used in place of previously used as a permanent light and in place of previously used as ready light lights. The safety light is designed so that it can be used both for illuminating escape signs, eg. B. defined pictograms with a standard determined absorption factor, as well as for the illumination of escape routes is suitable. The safety light can assume different states. It can take at least a first and a second state. The same light-emitting means comprising at least one LED can assume the first and the second state. In the first state, which is identifiable by the detection of a general electrical supply via the supply terminals of the emergency luminaire by the emergency luminaire itself, the luminous means emits a first brightness. The general electrical supply can be a voltage from the supply network. The general electrical supply may be a voltage relayed from a safety lighting system. Also, the general electrical supply may be a voltage in a section of a building. The first brightness is outshined by the brightness in the second state. The second state is identifiable by the detection of a changed electrical power supply to the supply terminals by the safety light itself. The power supply can be ensured, for example, by switching to the central battery system via the connections for the general supply. In that case, the DC voltage of the central battery system is detected in the safety light. In the second state, a luminous flux is passed out of the luminous means through the device influencing the light beam. The device can be arranged statically. The device is designed so that it influences the light beam so that it can form local maxima. The maxima should be formed in a (standardization compliant) ground-level area. At least two maxima are to be trained. Between the maxima forms an angle, which is aufspannbar in one plane. It is an angle in the plane that is at least 90 °. The design of the emergency luminaire creates a universally applicable emergency luminaire with LEDs, which can be installed for both permanent and emergency lighting. Because standardization-compliant limits in a ground-level area, eg. B. 50 cm above the ground, can be prescribed in a rescue, the emergency light automatically enter a corresponding state, so that the sufficient brightness maxima are present. The spaced Maximabildung can increase the distance from one safety light to the next safety light. It must be installed less safety lights. Furthermore, the installer saves the installation of two leads, one for the continuous lighting operation and one for the ready light operation. Likewise, the installer saves the installation of different lights for different tasks, such as a light for escape route lighting and a light for illuminating or backlighting of warning and rescue signs. The change of state also promotes the life expectancy and the operating time of the illuminants in the emergency luminaire.

The The light beam influencing device has at least one concave lens section. The concave lens section is so between two other sections that for the generation of a maximum are there that the light beam in two light streams each with a maximum and in a luminous flux with fanning is decomposed. The maxima are pulled apart. The luminous flux is between the maxima above by the relevant standards prescribed minimum brightness value. The light beam influencing device is a multiple in one embodiment divided lens. The lens is in its shape on a high-power diode tuned on gallium nitride basis. The high-power diode, actually Light with one wavelength of the blue light, turns into white light through phosphors transformed. The phosphors can Be part of the lighting means. The phosphors can part be the device influencing the light beam. The Lens is designed so that the maxima are formed in the projection target space become. The short wavelength the emitted light of the illumination means leaves a compact safety light arise. At the same time, the standard requirements the color spectrum is fulfilled become. The maxima can be fanned out. A good escape route illumination can be ensured. The distance between the installable Lights up increase, without the minimum illumination brightness in the gap is fallen short of.

The safety light has a device that can influence the light beam. The light beam at least partly comes from one or more LEDs. Other light-emitting components, such as fluorescent tubes, may be provided within the emergency light and serve the general lighting. The device may comprise at least one reflective component. Such a reflective component may be a reflector. It is advantageous if the reflector of the LED (or the LEDs) is discontinued.

The LED works with such wavelengths, that white overall Light is emitted. The LED can be in a silicone casting compound be held. The described embodiments contribute to a robust Safety light at. The safety light is through the chosen measures durable.

The Safety light can, if it is to emit more light, more LEDs have. Each LED of the safety light is assigned to it provided the light beam influencing device. The device acts as a lens. The device acts like a for the respective LED Lens because they are preassembled on the side or arranged on the side is, in which the light beam from the LED with its largest photon current is emitted. The device influencing the light beam can be designed in prismatic design. She can also do several Span over LEDs. The device has an effect like a prism or a prism: The radiating light lets to concentrate so favorably in the directions which are special Need illumination.

The safety light has at least one LED. The LED has an LED semiconductor as a light-generating means, in other words as a light source. The LED also includes other elements, such as tabs and a potting compound. Also, the LED includes a surface-forming layer that can focus the light beam exiting the LED semiconductor. The safety light is operated optimized for the LED. The operating procedure of the emergency luminaire is designed to achieve as uniform a luminous efficacy as possible over the life of the LED. For this purpose, the safety light is operated in such a way that an electric current for the LED is increasing over the service life. As the operating time increases, so does the electrical current delivered to the LED. The electric current increases when the LED of the safety light is in a first state. The first state is identified on the basis of the applied steady-state amplitude on the safety light. The safety light has an electronic circuit so that it can detect whether the expected phase, for. B. with a peak of 232 V, is applied. The amplitude is then 232 V. The amplitude is continuously applied during normal operation. During the operating time of the safety light, the electric current for the LED is increased. The increase of the electrical current correlates with the operating time, in particular the total operating time, wherein only the first state is included in the operating time calculation. Further measured values can be included in the calculation of the current level. At least for one measured value, the safety light returns to set the actual current to the LED. Suitable measured values are the measured value which determines a temperature in the luminaire, the measured value by which a junction temperature of the LED semiconductor is determined and a measured value which corresponds to an illuminance of the safety luminaire. By a light-measuring component, such as a phototransistor or a light sensor, the brightness of the emergency light is raised. At least one reading is used as a measure of the increase in electrical current. The increase in the electrical current is thus made up of the operating time, wherein preferably not all times enter into the operating time counter, but only times of the first or the second operating state, and a further measured value together. In a suitable embodiment, more than just one measured value is included in the setting of the necessary operating current for the LED. Any combination of the current calculations set forth above is advantageous, so in one embodiment the operating time, brightness and temperature can be considered. In a further embodiment, the brightness, the temperature in the housing and the temperature of the LED semiconductor barrier layer can be determined. The temperature of the LED semiconductor junction is calculated based on its voltage drop and operating current. The temperature in the housing is determined by a temperature-sensing resistor (PTC or NTC). The aging of the LED is compensated by an increasing current. Even after several hundred hours of operation, the emergency light illuminates with the expected minimum lumens. The increase in current is adjusted both as a function of the aging and as a function of the emitted light. The calculation can be realized in a microcontroller, which can also be provided with reference values to compensate for production-related tolerances. In an alternative embodiment, the calculation can also purely electronic-hardware, namely analogue by permanently set components occur. With the light sensor, z. As a light-dependent resistor, a portion of the emitted light is detected. The operating time is determined in one possible embodiment on the basis of the average electric current to the LED. The more power has been sent through the LED, the greater the operating current is set. Thus, the minimum illuminance necessary for proper operation is ensured even at the end of life conditions. LEDs are to be used longer term. They reduce the power requirement of the emergency luminaire. No unnecessary currents are passed through the LED when operating such as brightness or temperature of the LED when adjusting the amount of current for the LED. The state-dependent dimming of the safety luminaire also leads to energy savings and energy savings in continuous operation.

The Safety light has a housing. In the case can a switching power supply, in particular not visible, arranged be. The power supply or the switching power supply serves to ensure that at the supply connections General supply voltage connected to the general supply on one for the LED specific voltage level is settable. The LEDs be depending on the embodiment operated with voltages between 3.3 V and 50 V. By this measure is the safety light to a final circuit, which comes from a battery system in a network failure case can be supplied, can be connected. The switching power supply has an output current control. Farther in the lamp an optical feedback is provided over the a brightness control of the LED via a PWM signal can. For this purpose, the switching power supply has a microcontroller. The switching power supply can be galvanically isolated primary and secondary pages exhibit. In this case, the current control via a Auxiliary winding on the transformer of the switching power supply. The microcontroller is by a linear regulators energy supplies. The longitudinal regulator hangs on a primary side of the Switching power supply. The longitudinal regulator is on the primary side connected to the switching power supply. The switching power supply is in one Fernprüfschleife integrated.

In an embodiment can by a DC power supply the Safety light can be put in the second state. By doing second state, there is a different light distribution than in the first state. Furthermore, the safety light is through this activities remote maintenance. It can work remotely be tested. It saves constant walking with safety lights equipped building sections.

The Safety light can be equipped with batteries. In this Design is in the safety light at least one electrical secondary cell available. The secondary cell preferably consists of lead, nickel-metal hydride or lithium iron phosphate elements. The secondary cells are not visible. The secondary cells are on a power supply, in particular to a switching power supply connected. you will be in a state of charge from the general supply in case of concern AC voltage charged to a minimum amplitude. The charge also includes a phase of maintenance charges. The secondary cells become a permanent or a phased trickle charge exposed, with the power supply operates current or voltage limited. The voltage limitation can be achieved, for example, by a microcontroller controlled, which can also sit on the secondary side and through the power supply is powered.

Farther a visibly arranged control LED is placed in the luminaire; It can also be on the same board with the white LEDs are located. The control LED can z. B. be a green micro-current LED. The Control LED is wired so that it is a charging phase of the electrical secondary cell displays. At a glance you can see if any accumulators, the secondary cells, loaded properly become. The power supply supplies the lamp with energy. Farther is the safety light provided with a switching device, so that falls below the minimum amplitude of the bulb over the at least one secondary cell is supplied. Also, the power supply is still with a deep discharge protection for the electric secondary cell fitted. Due to the deep discharge protection, the secondary cell, the accumulator, before unloading at a drop in voltage the electric secondary cell protected. The discharge would otherwise done by the LED. The discharge protects the accumulator by the LED is disconnected until the general supply to a phase of falling below the minimum amplitude at least one AC period long with exceeding a Dauerphasenamplitude at the supply connections is available. Only then will the LED (s) be switched on again.

The Safety light is advantageously equipped with a test device. The tester serves u. a. with existing general care and initiation for simulating a supply voltage failure. The safety light is through the tester put in the second state. During the phase of the second State leaves then check the safety light.

The Bulbs of the emergency light are on a common board attached. By the measure let yourself the board as a heat sink for the LEDs use. Likewise, the board also ensures the power supply. With the construction of the safety light one spares oneself numerous additional Heatsink. The Safety light leaves to be more compact.

At least two LEDs of the lamp form an electrical series circuit. The LEDs are on their failure by a thyristor, in particular in each case a thyristor, bridgeable. The thyristor (s) are preferably mounted on the same board as the LEDs. The safety of the illuminated areas, such as an escape route, is increased by the fact that even safety lights with partial damage to their light sources can continue to radiate light through the remaining bulbs.

The Board is by means of milling produced. The board includes a spring-back tab on the edge. The springing back Tab allows a self-holding positioning of the board in the housing the safety light. The measures make another step in the simplification of manufacture a safety light according to the invention dar. boards with damaged Components can be exchanged easily and quickly.

In the safety light has the housing at least one transilluminable Window. The window can be replaced by a translucent pictogram as, for example, a rescue sign are hidden. Through this simple measure let yourself an escape route illumination to an escape route sign and vice versa convert. The electrician can shine a single type use in different ways.

In the second state is the illuminant of the safety light so operated that the brightness of at least some of the bulbs is varied. The variation can be alternating. The brightness is exemplarily repeating, with a fixed frequency, raised and lowered. This may be temporary in terms of brightness returned to the first state become. An emergency situation becomes unconscious and automatic by the fleeing perceived. The signaling is faster.

The Illuminant is covered by a transparent cover. The transparent cover has a surface shape. Advantageous is a domed one Surface, which covers the bulb. Due to the vaults maxima and minima in the Lighting distribution created directly at the source of light become.

Next the local Maximabildung can a transparent cover on at least one page have a Fresnel structure. Through the Fresnel structure in the luminaire or on the surface of the LEDs is space-saving generates the distribution profile of the light. Also, the safety light can have a device for influencing the light beam on at least one page has a Fresnel structure.

The Brightness varies with states, in which the safety light is located. Based on the brightness the state of the safety light can be deduced. The light source includes at least three LEDs. The three LEDs together create one sufficient brightness. The bulbs together give a brightness of at least 180 lumens in the second state.

Lots Safety lights are used as safety lights with fluorescent tubes in the Circulation. So that already installed safety lights can be retrofitted can, The LEDs are arranged on a circuit board, which is in a holder fits for fluorescent tubes. For this, the board has in its length and width dimensions the dimensions of a fluorescent tube. The Board is flatter than the i. d. R. round fluorescent tube. The fluorescent tube is longer as wider. The board is also longer than it is wider. The board is very shallow, that means she has a very low height. The Board looks like a flat bar. The height represents the shortest route the width is the middle distance and the length is the longest distance. The ends of the Staff are for the Connection to a holder for Fluorescent lamps prepared. For this purpose, in a first embodiment only the end, that is endings, tinned, gilded, nickeled or otherwise like metallic conductive coated. To save material, in such an embodiment, only the height of Board itself covered be. In a further embodiment, the board opens at its ends in each case at least two tiller. The four tiller are in opposite directions Directions. The tiller also provide conductive connections conductive Compounds, either a coating or a pin or a coated one Pin, make an electrical connection to the LEDs. It is sitting at least one LED on the board, preferably surface mounted, too an electrical contact is made. The board is like that stable, that it is self-supporting. The tiller is a contact tiller for the Holder of the fluorescent lamp.

The safety light can be constructed with LEDs exclusively or in addition to other light sources. The lifetime of the LEDs is increased by emitting a brightness corresponding to the states, at least in two stages, from the LEDs. For a wider illumination of a target area, such as 0.5 m above the ground, maxima and minima are created in the light distribution. The distributions are created by various devices within the luminaire. The same safe This luminaire can be used as an escape route luminaire or as an emergency luminaire, both in a flush-mounted version and in a surface-mounted version. The elimination of unnecessary components and brackets leads to a reduction of the lights, so that the emergency lights themselves are hardly disturbing in appearance. Thanks to their compact design, they blend into the appearance of the installation space. High-quality equipped rooms can also be equipped with emergency luminaires in compliance with the standard, without changing the overall impression of the room. Both the installation and the maintenance of the emergency luminaire are simplified. Maintenance personnel are not forced, due to the remote maintenance, to commit the installation sites at regular intervals, which is sometimes not desirable, especially in high-quality rooms, by the owners of the rooms. By extending the lifetime of the lamps of the lights, the operating costs of the emergency lights are reduced.

Short description of the figures

The Invention can be better understood when reference to the attached figures, without the invention to the in The embodiments shown in the figures exclusively restrict wanting to, being

1 shows an abstract, schematically illustrated escape route,

2 shows a possible voltage curve of a line of a final circuit,

3 shows another possible voltage curve of a line of a final circuit,

4 shows a further possible sequence of voltages on supply lines of corresponding final circuits with emergency luminaires according to the invention,

5 shows a diagram of the electric current to the luminous flux of an operating method for an LED according to the invention,

6 FIG. 4 is a polar diagram for a radiant intensity distribution of an LED useful in the present invention, FIG.

7 shows the illuminance of a safety luminaire according to the invention along a test or reference space such as a corridor,

8th shows an illumination distribution of a flat pictogram of an escape route lighting with a lighting according to the invention,

9 shows an LED according to the invention in a first section,

10 shows an LED according to the invention in a second section,

11 shows a first embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

12 shows a printed circuit board with component printing of a further embodiment of a safety luminaire according to the invention,

13 a housing for a board after 10 shows,

14 a page with traces of a board after 10 shows,

15 another side with traces of a board after 10 shows,

16 shows a Unterputzeinbaurahmen another embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

17 shows a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention, as a surface or with a frame after 14 can be built in as a flush-mounted security light,

the 18 - 20 three important parts of another embodiment of a Si according to the invention safety light show,

21 shows a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

22 shows a further board with LED, which can advantageously replace a fluorescent tube due to their dimensions and contact,

the 23 and 24 show a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

25 shows a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

26 shows a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention,

27 shows a further embodiment of a safety light according to the invention from a rear, open perspective,

28 shows a further board with LEDs according to the invention,

29 shows different, coherent escape signs

the 30 and 31 Covers for covering cable openings, openings and other spray water inlets for previously illustrated embodiments of safety lights according to the invention,

32 1 shows a first circuit diagram for the control of one or more LEDs according to a first exemplary embodiment,

33 shows a second circuit diagram for the driving of LEDs according to a second embodiment,

34 shows a third circuit diagram for the driving of LEDs according to a third embodiment,

35 exemplifies a building installation network for emergency lighting,

36 shows a polar diagram for an LED that has no differentiating beam power distribution, and

37 the illuminance of a safety luminaire with an LED after 36 along a trial or reference room such as a hallway shows.

figure description

1 shows a schematic representation of a common escape route, which - as often found - from different corridors 23 . 25 composed. The corridor 23 intended the actual escape route 21 be on the stingy other corridors like corridor 25 to lead. So that the safety lights are well visible by all persons, usually individual emergency lights 1 mounted as high as possible by other emergency lights 1 on the walls like the back wall 13 be supplemented. This is a single emergency light 1 on the floor ceiling 15 assembled. The safety light 1 emits a certain light distribution 17 through their directed light rays with the light beam direction 19 from. The light distribution 17 from the safety light 1 is not the same everywhere The light distribution 17 is in front of the emergency light 1 spanned rotation plane unevenly, so it is rotationally asymmetric. Is it the safety light 1 an escape route lamp 3 , Normally, a minimum illuminance near the ground of the escape route is usually required 21 required. The escape routes 21 become standard-compliant illumination with first lights 9 and second lights 11 Mistake. The escape sign light 5 is with escape sign 7 equipped, so this kind of emergency light 1 the refugees can indicate the output or the output direction. Thus, safety lights 1 both on the floor ceilings 15 as well as on the walls like the back walls 13 the escape routes 21 mounted depending on the application. To increase a uniform appearance and for a better material management becomes the emergency light 1 so ge that designates them both as escape route lights 3 as well as escape route light 5 can be used. For this purpose, only minimal changes are to be carried out in one embodiment. In a further embodiment, the safety light 1 both an escape route lamp 3 as well as a escape sign light 5 , One and the same lamp is both an escape route lamp 3 as well as a escape sign light 5 , The lights 9 and 11 can - thus judging by their housing - be designed identically. The lights 9 can as security lights 1 for escape route lighting as escape route light 3 be designed. The lights 11 can as escape sign lights 9 be designed. With just a few simple steps, ie only by replacing a cover or a screen, a lamp can be 9 in the style of an escape route lamp 3 is built into a light 11 as a escape route light 5 should be used to convert.

2 shows a first voltage waveform on the line of a final circuit 185 (S. 35 ). Is the regular supply voltage 31 at the safety light 1 (to 1 ), then the safety light 1 supplied with an AC voltage U _AC for a certain time. The voltage U _S thus has an amplitude A. It is the duration phase amplitude A _D. If the steady-state amplitude A _D drops below a minimum value, it is thus due to a power failure event 33 only a minimum amplitude A _min , so decreases the effective voltage of the power supply. In this case, the safety light detects 1 the presence of a network fault event 33 , The safety light changes over time 1 in a state of a second brightness 37 , The second brightness 37 is stronger than the first brightness 35 which, while the voltage U _S with the steady-state amplitude A _D on the safety light 1 rests on the safety light 1 is delivered. Although the power supply 39 of the first state 203 a higher power to the emergency light 1 can be made available, the emergency light is on 1 through her LED 55 (S. 9 ) with a higher brightness 37 in the second state 205 the energy supply 41 , The lighting behavior of the emergency light 1 behaves exactly opposite to the applied active power on the safety light 1 , Depending on events on the supply lines, the safety light changes 1 from a first state to a second state. For switching from the first brightness 35 to the second brightness 37 needs the safety light 1 a certain amount of time, eg B. nearly 1.5 phases. The slightly delayed switching, z. B. within 30 ms, is by reloading in storage capacitors of the circuit (see 32 to 34 ) caused. The luminous flux Φ ₁ , the first state 203 is lower than the luminous flux Φ ₂ , which is out of the safety light 1 (S. 1 ) after a network failure event 33 , possibly delayed, exit. The luminous flux Φ changes abruptly as soon as the transshipment processes in the safety luminaire 1 Are completed. The luminous flux Φ ₂ then lights up stronger, if it is assumed that the escape route 21 (S. 1 ) is actually brighter to illuminate. In phase, when a steady-state amplitude A _D in the form of an AC voltage U _AC as the supply network voltage 31 is applied, the LED 55 (S. 9 ) Protected by a reduction or reduction of the supply current and thus extended in life.

3 shows a further time lapse, in which the voltage U _S until the power failure event 33 with the continuous phase amplitude A _D is present. It is emitted from the safety light, a first luminous flux Φ ₁ . After the network failure event 33 the voltage U _S breaks completely, there is no AC voltage U _AC more, the amplitude A of the AC voltage U _AC is zero. Although no power supply is guaranteed, the safety light is on 1 (S. 1 ) after the network failure event 33 with a second brightness 37 which is higher than the first brightness 35 during regular operation, the supply of voltage 31 from the supply network of the emergency lights 1 , In the first state 203 is an energy supply 39 from the outside to the emergency lights 1 ensured. In the second state 205 refers to the safety light 1 the necessary energy, so that it can shine brighter than before, out of itself. The luminous flux Φ ₂ , the case of a loss of voltage 31 from the supply network from the bulbs of the emergency light 1 emerges, ramps up starting with the strength of the luminous flux Φ ₂ , until it can establish the target brightness for the so-called emergency operation. To avoid erroneous brightness increases follows the entry into the second state 205 the higher brightness is delayed. Supply voltage fluctuations can thus be compensated in the sense of a low-pass filter. In poorly lit areas, the delay time t _{Z can} also be further reduced, namely set to 0. Then a ramp (s. 3 ) or more erratic (s. 2 ) Increase the luminous flux Φ ₂ instantly follow the grid fault event. The energy supply 41 is simultaneously zero in the second state.

4 shows a third case of the power supply to emergency lights 1 via a supply network based on the supply voltage 31 in which the alternating voltage U _AC with its amplitude A falls below the value of the minimum amplitude A _min after the steady-state amplitude A _D. The voltage curve U _S is as in the 2 and 3 applied over time t. On the ordinate, the voltage value U _S and the strength of the luminous flux Φ ₁ , Φ _{2 can be} read off. Due to an emergency power supply, for example via a DC voltage source (s. 35 ), a DC voltage U _DC can be applied to the final circuits. After the occurrence of the power failure event 33 the safety light is on 1 (S. 1 ) with a much higher brightness 37 as in the phase of the first state 203 the energy supply. With regular power supply, the first state 203 , is the brightness 35 the safety light 1 reduced or withdrawn. After the network failure event 33 , after the AC voltage U _{AC has} completely collapsed, the luminosity of the safety light goes out 1 if there is no self-sufficient emergency light 1 is, but a group or central battery system for the supply voltage is available. The battery system 187 (S. 35 ), z. B. the group battery system, can on batteries 189 . 181 resort to (s. 35 ), after a switching phase, a DC voltage U _DC with a minimum amplitude A _min on the supply lines to the safety light (s. 1 ) to have. Is the emergency power system of the building set in such a way that during a power failure event 33 is changed to a DC voltage U _DC , possibly less than two phases of the regular AC voltage U _AC delayed, so should the safety light 1 the increased brightness 37 with the stronger luminous flux Φ ₂ directly at the connection of the DC voltage U _DC occupy. The energy supply 41 in the second state corresponds to a DC voltage, there is a change from AC voltage to DC voltage instead.

5 shows a diagram of the advantages of a safety luminaire according to the invention with current regulation for the lighting means. The diagram after 5 shows a state of the safety light over its operating time, ie along the passage of time t. The second state will be described below. The diagram for the first state looks like a corresponding factor on the y-axis projected equal to the diagram shown. The representation is to be transferred analogously to the first state. The electric current I and the luminous flux Φ are represented over time t. Φ ₄ shows the luminous flux at a readjusted electric current I _var , which increases in the course of the operating time. The LED is operated with a stronger current at the end of the operating time than at the beginning. The curve Φ ₃ shows the luminous flux Φ _3, which drops very rapidly in comparison to the luminous flux Φ ₄ . Depending on the specification, a lamp or a safety luminaire must have a minimum operating time available. Depending on the application, minimum operating times of 10,000 hours or even 30,000 hours are required. So that the minimum illuminance Φ _{min .} is actually available over the entire intended operating time, is operated with a constant current I _const. The single LED of the lighting means, which is actually too high for the LED and the initially emitted luminous flux. Depending on the design can be started with a reduced current I _var actually, which is somewhere between 50% and 80%, preferably 75%, of the _const at constant current supply _I, otherwise applied current. 5 shows a luminous intensity curve based on the luminous flux Φ ₄ , which is operated by a readjusted current I _var with an initial strength of about 75% to 80% of a comparable constant current I _const when the safety light is in the second state. The initial strength is taken each time the safety light goes into the second operating state and a minimum operating time has not yet been reached. Due to the higher initial constant current I _konst , a so operated LED ages faster. The operating end time t _End1 is reached faster than with a variable current LED I _var . If the brightness is measured during the operating time, in particular if the safety light is in one of the two states, alternatively the elapsed operating time t is taken into account (s. 32 to 34 ), the supply current can be raised hyperbolic or asymptotic up to a maximum current over the operating time t gradually. If, in addition, a current limit is provided after the minimum luminous intensity or the minimum luminous flux Φ _min for the supply current I _{var has been} undershot, then a safety luminaire according to the invention can continue to operate in an emergency operation even if the minimum luminous flux Φ _{min is not reached} . The undershooting of the minimum _brightness at the time t _End2 is delayed and can also be levied safely. There are numerous indices for this. It can be queried the achievement of the limiting current or the switching on of the current limit. On the basis of the attractive current limit, a lighting failure can generally be identified. Likewise, the brightness or part of the brightness in or on the luminaire can be measured. This condition can be displayed, reported or sent to a central unit, such as a central battery system. The undershooting of the minimum luminous flux Φ _min can within a test loop, z. B. via current pulses, are forwarded to the main distributor or the sub-distributor. This eliminates the need to frequent the premises with emergency lights. Experiments have shown that the current tracking with initially lower starting current (just over 50% of the comparatively to be chosen constant current I _const ) can increase the operating time t of the lights up to 50,000 operating hours. The luminous flux yield of the luminous flux Φ ₄ is made uniform over the operating time t by the current I _{var being} raised in a hyperbolic manner over the otherwise selectable continuous current I _const with continuous operating time. The aging caused by the supply current of an LED according to the invention in a safety luminaire according to the invention can thus be delayed. The current I _var is only switched on, in particular in the strength in which it was last turned off when the safety light is to enter the second state or has arrived.

6 shows a polar diagram with luminous flux levels 4 a LED, depending on the bulb orientation 49 . 51 maxima 45 . 47 of the luminous flux in different directions. The light distribution 17 (S. 1 ) is asymmetrical in a plane in front of the light source. The light distribution forms an asymmetrical distribution in a plane of rotation. Will the bulb, such as the LED 55 (S. 9 ), in a first orientation 49 attached, so the LED emits at least 2 maximum light flux 45 . 47 from. Between the two light flux maxima 45 . 47 can be spanned an angle φ, the two maxima 45 . 47 separated from each other in the plane. The angle φ is at least 90 °, preferably more than 100 °. The angle φ can be 115 °. From the LED 55 go the luminous flux maxima 45 . 47 with more than 90 ° in different directions away. The radiation direction 43 the LED 55 (S. 9 ) is optimized for the radiation to one side. A plane can be spanned across this side. Will the LED 55 , which is transverse to the plane, rotated by 90 ° in the plane, the distribution pattern of the second illuminant orientation results 51 , Thus, the LED has 55 a first illuminant orientation 49 with at least two light flux maxima 45 . 47 and a second illuminant orientation 51 in which no definite maxima are found. By transverse installation of an LED 55 (to 9 ) behind a screen (s. 8th ), who has a window 53 (see eg 24 ), it is thus possible to create a widened, uniform illumination surface by using the maxima 45 . 47 in the transverse direction. Will the maxima 45 . 47 projected onto a ground, the angle φ between the two resulting illumination maxima can be determined 45 . 47 determine that is at least 90 °. Between the at least two maxima 45 . 47 There is an area in which the light from the bulb scattered, ie scattered, is. The Lens 57 (S. 9 ) has at least one focusing area and at least one dispersive area.

36 shows a comparable polar coordinate system to the luminous flux Φ like that 6 well-known for an LED that is strictly according to the structure 10 equivalent. The LED shown there has no surface structure as in 9 shown. Will the 6 and 36 compared with one another, it can be seen that an LED for a safety light according to the invention 1 different orientations around its axis 49 . 51 having. By clamping the illumination surface with local maxima 45 . 47 Can the light be distributed more widely. If an LED without focusing device is used, the LED should be operated with a higher electric current in order to have a similar illumination at the edges as by light flux maxima 45 . 47 to obtain. An LED 55 (to 9 ) with a device for influencing the light distribution contributes to further power consumption minimization at the beginning of the operating time in the second state. The electric current I is only at the end of the operating time tEnd2 (s. 5 ) to extend the life to below the minimum luminous flux Φ _min .

7 shows a reference space or the measurement results from a suitable test room such as a hallway 27 , The individual illuminance levels in the ceiling-lit room are represented by their lux limits of 1.5 lux, 1.0 lux and 0.5 lux. As can be seen, a single emergency light illuminates 1 (to 1 ), which hangs from the ceiling approximately in the middle of the room, a distance of more than 11 m, so almost a distance of 12 m, with a sufficient illuminance to be used as the only escape route lamp. The corridor 27 has a width of about 2 m. An area of 2 m by 12 m can be adequately illuminated by a single safety light with at least one LED.

Are the opposite the measurement results of the same reference space or test room, z. B. in the form of a hallway 29 , to 37 used, it can be seen that similarly constructed lights as a safety light according to the invention, but without the LEDs according to the invention as a light bulbs indeed have a much higher maximum in the vicinity of the lamp, but only a distance of about 6 m to 7 m can adequately illuminate ,

In 8th is a backlit screen for a safety light 1 (to 1 ) shown with its light distributions. The data is collected by an LED 55 (to 9 ) as part of a lighting means - similar to 11 shown - about 4-5 cm behind the 20 cm high screen has been arranged. The in 8th Shown screen is as a window 53 a housing of a safety light 1 (to 1 ) used. The window 53 has the size of a standard rescue sign 7 , The numerical values represent the respective limit of an illumination range with a minimum luminance Φ _min . Based on the limit of 770 candelas per square meter, it can be seen that the two maxima on the screen allow a more uniform illumination. The umbrella can with a pictogram after 29 to be occupied. Due to the widening of the uniform illumination surface, the standard contrast ratio for color-configured surfaces, for. B. green areas, compared to bright areas of a pictogram after 29 be respected. The window 53 serves as a projection screen. By creating a projection plane for the light beam of the LED 55 (to 9 ), which simultaneously the window 53 is, be lighting avoiding spots. A milky projection surface ensures a more diffuse distribution of the luminous flux Φ. Thus, the means for distributing the light can be split and multiple times in the security light 1 (to 1 ) can be arranged. Each individual device influences the light beam deterministically due to its diffraction and refraction behavior. The resulting light distribution can be determined deterministically.

9 shows a suitable LED 55 surface mounted on a circuit board 133 (to 12 ) the luminous flux maxima 45 . 47 (to 6 ) emits. From one and the same LED 55 become several Lichtstrommaxima 45 . 47 broadcast. For surface mounting has the LED 55 tabs 75 . 77 , The contact flags 75 . 77 make the contacting of the LED semiconductor 59 , if necessary via additional contacting wires 79 attached to the semiconductor 59 Bonded to the outside safely. The LED 55 includes a device 61 for influencing the light beam of the LED 55 , The device 61 is composed of different materials. Among other things, the silicone casting compound 83 Part of the facility 61 , Another part of the facility 61 is the lens 57 , The silicone potting compound 83 encloses a phosphorescent layer 81 on the LED semiconductor 59 is applied. The LED semiconductor 59 is a gallium nitride semiconductor. The Lens 57 has a first lens section 63 , a second lens section 65 and a third lens section 67 , The lens sections 63 . 65 . 67 are shaped differently, however, two lens sections 63 . 65 be formed mirror-inverted to each other. The lens sections 63 . 65 . 67 go into each other. Due to the surface curvatures of the three lens sections 63 . 65 . 67 at least two focusing areas result 71 . 73 and a widening area 69 , The expanding area 69 lies between the two focusing areas 71 . 73 , The focusing areas 71 . 73 are for generating local Lichtstrommaxima 45 . 47 (to 6 ) educated. Between the maxima 45 . 47 Thus, a fanned out light area is formed in the projection plane. For heat dissipation of the heat loss from the material of the LED semiconductor 59 is on the PCB side of the LED 55 a thermally conductive substrate 85 large area available. Loss heat dissipation reduces aging. The surface of the LED 55 is contoured. The convex sections 63 . 65 the lens 57 provide light flux maxima 45 . 47 (to 6 ) of the LED 55 , Between the convex lens sections 63 . 65 sits a concave lens section 67 , The concave lens section 67 is responsible for the expansion of the light. The phosphorescent layer 81 contributes to the white light formation of the LED 55 at. The LED 55 shines beyond her lens 57 mostly a white light. The LED semiconductor 59 would be without phosphorescent layer 81 emit a yellowish ray of light. The phosphorescent layer 81 Ensures the addition of light of a blue wavelength, allowing a total of white light from the LED 55 exit. The LED 55 emits the largest portion of the light in the direction away from the thermally conductive substrate. Through the lens sections 63 . 65 sees the LED 55 like a dome with ears out. The LED 55 has a lens 57 with laterally protruding elevations.

10 shows an LED 55 in another cross section. The LED 55 to 9 can go ninety degrees to the appearance 10 be cut. In a sectional plane, the convex formations are focusing areas 71 . 73 (in 9 to see). In another cutting plane has the LED 55 no focusing areas. In a safety light according to the invention 1 (S. 1 ) can of course also an LED 55 be completely built without buckling with a single contiguous dome. The Lens 57 as a facility 61 (to 9 ) for influencing the light beam from the LED semiconductor 59 exits, scatters the light in the immediate direction of the LED orientation through the simply curved surface. The LED 55 has on a layer of a thermally conductive substrate 85 partially a contact flag 77 parallel to the substrate 85 piled up. As further layers come about the LED semiconductor 59 and the phosphorescent layer 81 , The real inner core of the LED 55 is by a silicone casting compound 83 closed, up to the lens 57 zoom ranges. Ask the 9 and 10 two cross-sections differing by about 90 ° through an LED 55 It can be seen how the asymmetrically shaped lens in its surface 57 for generating the rotationally asymmetric light distribution 17 (to 1 ) contributes. The topmost layer, which is the function of a lens 57 in one embodiment, the LED can take over 55 offers a curved surface.

11 shows a first embodiment of a safety light according to the invention 1 with a bulb 87 , The light source 87 includes at least one LED 55 , The LED 55 can focus the luminous flux leaving it in different directions. In the case 89 the safety light 1 A cable can be inserted so that it is on the supply connections 91 . 93 is up. For this the soil has 97 Perforations or openings intended for the transmission of the cable of the general power supply. The housing 89 has a floor 97 and a certain number of side walls 99 , for example, at least four sidewalls 99 , Between the LED 55 and one in the housing 89 arranged reflector 117 , which consists in particular of metal, plastic or metallized plastic, a distance 95 to the LED 55 at any point, can have an existing in the housing air convection for cooling be used. The cooling of the LED 55 is increased by the convection. The light, which is considered stray light, is reflected by the reflector 117 in the illumination direction, ie in the direction of the light distribution 17 to 1 , mirrored. The safety light 1 still has a cover 101 containing a Fresnel structure 103 can have. The Fresnel structure 103 is a device 61 for influencing the light beam. The Fresnel structure 103 to 11 works similar to the setup 61 for influencing the light beam after 9 , Through different clicks 113 . 115 Can the individual parts, for example, the tub 107 and the cover 101 , put together without tools. For splash water safety can be between cover 101 and sidewalls 99 seals 105 be provided. click groove 109 . 111 are counterparts for the clicks 113 . 115 , The LED 55 Illuminates with different brightness levels, so to speak with different dimming levels, depending on the voltage supply at the supply connections 91 . 93 , The tub 107 is so big that she has room 119 for a power supply. The power supply may in particular be a switching power supply. The with at least one LED 55 equipped safety light 1 is thus splash-proof. By the multiple use of means for influencing the light beam (as part of the LED 55 and as part of the cover 101 ), ie at various points and locations in the beam path of the light, the safety light 1 despite for the LED 55 sufficiently vorzusehender cooling be designed smaller than hand size.

In 12 is the surface printing of a suitable board 133 for a housing, such as in 11 or 13 shown, shown. On the board 133 are several LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 arranged. The LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 are SMD LEDs. Every LED 55 . 121 . 123 is a thyristor 125 . 127 . 129 assigned. In an alternative embodiment (not shown) may also be a thyristor 125 . 127 . 129 for bridging several LEDs 55 . 121 on the board 133 to be available. The board 133 has a milling edge all around 139 , The milling edge 139 flows into at least one nose 135 , The nose 135 is designed as a springy nose. Be several noses 135 provided, so can the associated tabs 137 be designed as a self-retaining board attachment. The board 133 has various attachment openings 141 . 143 , Furthermore, the board can 133 a cable passage opening 145 exhibit. Some of the openings 141 . 143 . 145 serve the general care 131 with electrical energy. So can through one of the openings 141 . 143 . 145 Cable to rechargeable batteries or secondary cells 175 . 177 (please refer 27 ). For the connection of the general supply 131 is a plug on the board 133 attached. The plug has a first and a second supply connection 91 . 93 , The board 133 is a compact board 133 , The board 133 is round. From the round board 133 stands material of the board in the form of tabs 137 and noses 135 out. The noses 135 and the tabs 137 are for an engagement in a housing 149 (S. 13 ) certainly. The tabs 137 are inward, towards the middle of the board, yielding impressively. In case of failure of one or more of the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 bridges the associated thyristor 125 . 127 . 129 the assigned LED 55 . 121 . 123 , The opening 145 for the cable entry is in the middle of the board 133 arranged. The mounting holes 141 . 143 aligned with the cable passage opening 145 , The LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 are evenly spaced on the board 133 arranged. The almost round surface of the board 133 takes care of the triangular arrangement of the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 for a uniform illumination of one in front of the board 133 screen to be arranged. The board 133 is indicated by a milky or with a pictogram 173 . 175 . 177 (S. 29 ) printed screen out to the illuminated space out. Between board 133 with one or more LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 and the screen is a distance 95 (S. 13 ) available.

13 shows one for the board 133 of the 12 suitable housing 149 , which is designed to be closed at the top and bottom. The housing 149 has a collar-like surround on the top 157 , The housing 149 is roundish. In different areas of rounding of the housing 149 stand holding springs 151 . 155 (Shown are at least two retaining springs 151 . 155 , which are 180 ° apart on the outer circumference of the housing 149 are arranged) out, thus the largest part of the housing 149 can be installed as a built-in housing or flush-mounted housing. The housing 149 is multi-tiered cylindrical. At about halfway up, the case faces 149 a retaining edge 159 on, which is to be attached to the housing 149 adapted board 133 (please refer 12 ) is tuned in its curves. The noses 135 the board 133 can over the tabs 137 (please refer 12 ) are pushed aside so that when inserting the board 133 in the case 149 the noses 135 in at least one engagement opening 209 , preferably there are half as many intervention openings 209 like it's noses 135 gives, can hold in holding. The pinching the board 133 certain retaining edge 159 is at a distance 95 from the surface of the case 149 passing through the collar-like enclosure 157 is limited, discontinued. The circular hole in the surface of the case 149 can be covered by a screen material, the planned application, whether it is a escape sign light 5 (S. 1 ) or escape route lighting 3 (S. 1 ), determines whether a pictogram-containing closure element forms the cover. Below the retaining edge 159 that is, facing away from the surface for the screen, is the housing 149 furthermore pulled cylindrically long, so that below the board - so not visible - an optional aufzufüllender room 119 for a power supply forms. The term power supply, the entire electronic unit, which is necessary for the upstream of the bulbs, referred to, for. As well as the testing and monitoring facilities for charging, for the operation of the LEDs and for compliance with the minimum illuminance. The mount 157 at the same time assumes the task of a flush mounting frame 147 ,

The 14 and 15 show by their imprinting before in 12 illustrated board from two sides with their tracks 153 , Some of the tracks 153 have the task of supplying power to the soldered or installed components, some of the tracks have cooling tasks and are therefore cooling surfaces 211 , A third motivation for the use of large-area conductor tracks 153 lies in the creation of electromagnetic shielding layers. In the 14 and 15 are the noses 135 and the noses 135 holding tabs 137 to see. The tabs 137 are extensions of the milling edges 139 , The milling edge 139 is mostly run around. This creates a dominated by its curves overall impression of the board 133 , The board 133 is predominantly solid, but there are various vias, mounting holes 141 . 143 and other openings, such. B. a cable duct opening 145 , The cooling surfaces 211 are so large surface designed that the surface to be mounted LEDs as well as possible through the supporting board 133 be cooled. The cooling surfaces 211 represent a thermally conductive substrate 85 represents.

In the 16 and 17 is another embodiment of a housing 163 shown in exploded view. The flush mounting frame 147 is from the actual housing 163 removable. If the safety light after 17 be sunk in a ceiling, only the flush mounting frame 147 so over the case 163 be drawn that the flush mounting frame 147 the housing 163 surrounds. To the radiation direction has the housing 163 a window 53 , The housing 163 is designed as a whole elongated. The housing 163 Reminiscent of classic housing shapes for fluorescent lamps. The aesthetic expectations of users of emergency luminaires created by the long-term use of fluorescent lamps are provided by the housing 163 addressed.

A similar elongated housing 165 is in the 18 . 19 . 20 to see. The housing 165 suitable for concealed, ceiling, wall and wall bracket mounting. Three important parts of the case 165 are shown in exploded view. The middle part after 19 is a holder 213 , from the two carriers 215 . 217 are provided for receiving a fluorescent lamp and for electrical contacting of the fluorescent lamp. Push the holder 213 with the upper part (cf. 18 ) together, they snap into each other. The holder 213 has on the carriers 215 . 217 opposite side of a room 119 for electronic assemblies, such as charging devices or switching power supplies (see eg 32 to 34 ). The housing 165 can be operated with different bulbs. Between the carriers 215 . 217 a classic fluorescent tube can be used. The holder 213 has LEDs in suitable places 55 . 121 . 123 integrated. LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 and fluorescent tube (not shown) can be operated in parallel in the sense of a double security (general lighting and emergency lighting). Due to the possibility of recording fluorescent tubes, the housing 165 elongated, box-shaped and narrow. For an aesthetic dissolution of the box-like shape, the housing tapers 165 to the window 53 out, out of the light rays. The light-emitting side is narrower than the rear wall of the housing 165 ,

Under this page pictograms in the form of escape signs 7 (see. 29 ), for example, on suspended slices of polymethyl methacrylate (not shown), which are then backlit on this and also illuminated.

Another embodiment of a safety light according to the invention is in 21 to see. The housing 167 omitted on the back side of the box, can be used in the electrical and electronic assemblies. That's why the case is 167 lower than the housing 165 (after the 18 . 19 . 20 ). The LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 . 161 are very close, ie immediately, behind the window 53 settled. The window 53 has no projective function, such as For example, the window after 11 , Due to the low height of the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 . 161 can be a very flat, sloping, the window 53 emphasizing box. The LED 161 is different from the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 in their kind. The LED 161 is a small control LED. The control LED 161 can z. B. emit a permanent green light. The green light of the LED 161 signals the verifier the full functionality of the safety light. The remaining LEDs are intended for regular lighting or illumination of billboards or the escape route, ideally in white light.

22 shows a board 133 ' with a surface mounted LED 55 , The board 133 ' deviates in size from the board 133 (to 12 ) because they measure the length and width dimensions of Has fluorescent lamps. The ends of the board 133 ' are provided with electrically conductive material, so that a surface contact via the conductor tracks (not shown) to the LED is possible. For this purpose, the contact surface 219 an electrically conductive surface or an electrically conductive coating. The board 133 ' is kept as tight as possible in its height. This means, due to the greater length and greater width than the height of the board 133 ' , the board looks flat overall. It has a florettartiges appearance. Due to the tuned length and width of the board, the board can replace with one bulb or with multiple bulbs, such as multiple LEDs, "power-eating" fluorescent tubes. In already installed emergency lighting systems, the emergency lights do not need to be replaced, in the event of failure of individual fluorescent tubes, they can successively be replaced by corresponding boards 22 be replaced.

The 23 and 24 show a further embodiment of a safety light, which differs by its box-like flat and elongated configuration of the previously illustrated embodiments of suitable housing. The window 53 is from a frame 221 held. The actually closed housing 169 , which is thus self-contained, has another window 53 , The light rays must in one embodiment through two windows 53 pass. One of the two windows can be hidden in the milky way, so that the light rays of the LED are better spread. A window can be resized to fit standard pictograms 179 . 181 . 183 (please refer 29 ). The frame 221 has arms protruding sideways out of the frame. The arms can be extended and retracted telescopically. The distance to be set via the frame corners can be adjusted continuously. In an alternative embodiment, certain stages in which the housing holds the frame are provided. For this the housing has 169 below the arms of the frame 221 Space for receiving the telescopic rods provided. Due to the telescoping of the window 53 by means of the window 53 enclosing frame 221 can stepless the window 53 be set to an optimized focal length in front of the LEDs, so that no punctual over-illumination of the pictograms takes place. The projectability on the frame 221 or on the window 53 in the frame provides for easier adjustability of the required lighting limits.

25 shows another case 171 a safety light 1 because of the wider scope 221 as a flush-mounted embodiment of the illustration 24 similar. The tub 107 to accommodate most electrical and electronic components is designed as a flush-mounted. The tub 107 of the housing 171 can be set in concrete or plastered in the intended place during the construction phase. The frame 221 can subsequently be postponed so far that the window 53 of the frame 221 is optimally spaced in front of the bulbs arranged. The installer can determine by purely optical inspection during assembly, whether too strong spot illumination of the pictograms could be given. Too much illumination of individual sections of the pictogram not only contradicts the corresponding standards, but also leads to greater aging in sections of the window 53 covering foil or membrane.

Will not foil, no membrane or other cover in the frame 221 inserted, so are the backward arranged LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 to be seen from the front. Due to the omission of diffuse films, because the LEDs have integrated corresponding lenses in itself, the light output is further increased. The LEDs are preceded by a device for influencing the light beam directly, either collectively or individually. By switches, which are meant by the term switch also electronically switching solutions, the actual required electrical current can be adjusted depending on the installation case of a safety light according to the invention. Swallow covers, diffuser and representations less light than intended, the electric current I _var (after 5 ) are lowered at least during the initial operating time.

27 shows another case 173 that is so big that the side of the window 53 in each case at least one secondary cell 175 . 177 can be arranged. The housing 173 to 27 is designed as a housing for single battery safety lights, because in addition to the necessary electronics also sufficient space for accumulators or secondary cells 175 . 177 is provided. The secondary cells can be lashed. The accumulators, which have a different aging behavior than the LEDs are thus easy to replace when the clamping straps are pulled out. Accumulators and LEDs can be exchanged independently in this construction. LEDs on a board can also be exchanged by pulling out the board according to the similar principle. The outer wall of the housing 173 is with breaking points 229 provided, again by stuffing 227 (S. 30 and 31 ) can be closed in a reinstallation after breaking out.

28 shows a board 133 , The board 133 is rectangular; she has two longer leaves running across and two shorter sides in accordance with the window height. About equidistant along a line of flight that runs in the transverse direction and located approximately in the middle of the width are three LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 positioned, which are laterally edged. The distance 95 between the LED 55 and the next lens, the LED 121 is greater than 1/3 of the total width of the board 133 ' , On the board 133 ' are supply connections 91 . 93 attached, over which the supply voltage for the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 can be made available. The flat, compact circuit board 133 ' can be fixed by lateral embracing fasteners at a fixed projection distance to the window 53 (see previous figures). By this measure, the handy board 133 ' be quickly and easily exchanged when falling below a minimum brightness delivery.

In front of the window 53 (for example, after 27 and 20 ) can be one of the pictograms 179 . 181 . 183 be placed so that the LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 (please refer 28 ) on the board 133 ' the corresponding escape sign 7 in the form of a pictogram 179 . 181 . 183 backlight and thus can illuminate. The pictograms 179 . 181 . 183 are on a corresponding carrier material 223 such as a transparent foil printed. The pictograms 179 . 181 . 183 are usually made in green color. In some areas, the green color is omitted to form the information symbols such as escape route descriptions. The carrier material 223 can be single creases 225 have, at which individual sections of the carrier material 223 in the for the corresponding window 53 (see for example 24 ) of sufficient size as individual pictograms 179 . 181 . 183 can be separated. The bending edge 225 is a perforation edge for easier separation of the individual sections.

For subsequent closing of all unnecessary openings of the housing described above 167 . 169 . 171 . 173 there are plugs 227 that in the 30 and 31 be shown in more detail. The stopper 227 has a first, protruding surface. At the protruding surface joins a plug-in extension for clamping the plug 227 at. The plug-in extension can be angled. The plug-in extension is on the appropriate hole size, for example, an open predetermined breaking point 229 to 27 , Voted. The plug-in extension is rectangular and short, slightly longer than the female housing wall, designed. The edges of the plug-in extension are chamfered. The protruding surface is transverse and wider than the plug-in extension all around.

32 shows a first possible circuit diagram of a circuit, in parts or completely on a circuit board 133 . 133 (please refer 12 . 14 . 22 . 28 ) together with the corresponding LEDs (shown there) 55 . 121 . 123 can be realized. The essential logic of the circuit is in the programmable microcontroller IC1. Switches S3, S1 can be used to preset an address coding, a brightness setting and a dimming behavior. At terminals J3, the output side loads are like LEDs 55 . 121 . 123 to join. The connections X1_5 and X1_6 are the connections for the power supply. The connections X1_3 and X1_4 are available for the realization of a test loop which is additionally galvanically decoupled via U1. The smoothed, filtered supply voltage from the terminals X1_5 and X1_6 (R11, RV1, C2, L3) is both measured, for this purpose the voltage is divided via R10 and R13 and forwarded to the microcontroller IC1 (pin RA1), as well as for the others Voltage and power rectified via the rectifier B1. The microcontroller IC1 can via a further pin (pin RA0), which is connected via R14 to the transistor Q2, generate a response in the response circuit R2, R8, Q1, D5 and Q2 by means of current pulse. If the microcontroller IC1 learns via the optocoupler U1, whose output is referenced to ground via R12, that a test is to be performed, a current pulse is briefly resolved after a calculation on the microcontroller IC1 by the transistor combination Q1, Q2. The Betriebszustandsprüfimpuls via the terminals X1_3, X1_4 can be given only in the form of a DC voltage due to the diode D2 with a minimum voltage through D3 via the resistor R6 to the capacitor C8. The charging pulse via C8 is reported by the optocoupler U1 to the microcontroller IC1. The rectified supply voltage is passed behind the rectifier B1 via the decoupling diode D6 in the voltage intermediate circuit of the capacitor C11. The energy from the DC link capacitor C11 is via the switching power supply 207 , which consists of the IC3, and other components such as R16, D8, C6, R3, to the output side via the transformer 14 passed on. Whether the switching power supply 207 is working properly according to the fly-back principle, can be checked via the current-voltage conversion of the capacitor C9, the resistor R1 and the tens diode D1 (here at the terminal RB7) of the microcontroller IC1. The integrated circuit IC4 as a voltage converter, together with its external shading, for example the capacitors C3, C7, provides the corrected lower voltage for the semiconductor components, such as IC1, U1, made available by the switched-mode power supply. Resistor R4 provides a current / voltage limit for energy transfer across the transformer 14 If the resistors R7, R9 are designed to be temperature-dependent, for example, the temperature development on the board in the housing can be incorporated into the switching behavior specifications of the microcontroller IC1. Thus, should one of the in the schematic after 32 shown resistors R7, R9, R4 are supplemented or replaced by a temperature-dependent resistor, so that the temperature development is measured in the safety light. The measured value that indicates the temperature influences the current I (after 5 ). In the microcontroller IC1 and an hour meter can be realized. On the basis of the information as to which voltage is actually present across the terminals X1_5, X1_6, since the voltage is reported via R13 to the terminal RA1 of the microcontroller IC1, an operating hours counter can be converted state-dependent. About the microcontroller IC1 (here the connection RB6), the power from the switching power supply 207 be changed or adjusted. For this purpose, the current control IC IC3 and the microcontroller IC1 are interconnected by the resistor R9. The capacitor C4 assumes a similar Endstörfunktion as the capacitor C2, which is located on the primary side. The voltage at the terminals J is half-wave rectified by the diode D4 and the capacitor C5. The remaining functions of the circuit after 32 arise for an electrician from this rough circuit diagram description together with the description of the invention.

33 discloses a somewhat modified implementation of a circuit according to the invention with microcontroller IC2, in which six LEDs are connected as a light source LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6 connected in series directly on the board. The concern of a sufficient operating voltage via the LEDs LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6 can be permanently monitored via the voltage divider R8, R12 on the (PIN RA5 of the) microcontroller (s) IC2. The resistor R15 is a current limiting resistor for the lamp bar from the LEDs LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6. The LEDs LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6 are integrated in a current control loop through the resistor R4 and the optocoupler U1, whose current signal to the current control IC IC3 of the power supply 207 is forwarded. Due to the optical feedback, a brightness control of the LEDs can be realized. For this purpose, a PWM signal (from the terminal RA4) of the microcontroller IC2 can be connected via the resistor R14 and the resistor R4 on the optocoupler U1, so that the available current from the capacitors C3, C4, according to voltage via the diode D7 and the coil L1 processed or smoothed, adapted in the course of the operating time, in particular raised, can be. A Fernprüfschleife is the current from the microcontroller IC2, here the port RC3, via the resistor R2, that the combination of the transistors Q1, Q2, the diode D9 and the decoupling resistors R1, R11 a discharge reaction to the voltage intermediate circuit of C1 (if necessary other components). The resistances R6, R9 are used to measure the voltage applied to the terminals X4-1, X4-2; and the microcontroller IC2 detects whether the entire system is in the first or second state. The semiconductors are supplied from the voltage regulator IC4, which is connected to the power supply 207 connected. Regardless of whether AC voltage or DC voltage is applied to the terminals X4-1 and X4-2, the rectifier B1 produces a corresponding DC voltage for the voltage intermediate circuit C1 and the power supply unit 207 generated. The general functionality can be displayed via the test LED LED7, which may be a green light, for example, with the LED7 being switched to the PIN RC1 of the microcontroller IC2 via the resistor R7. A function and / or address coding can be adjusted in terms of hardness via the switch S3, which is connected to the terminals RA0, RA1, RA2, RC0 of the microcontroller IC2. If a well-lit environment is found, the continuous lighting can be set lower or lower via switch S3 than in environments that are poorly lit. In cinemas and nightclubs, even in the case of taking a second state, a desirably lower brightness can be set than is otherwise customary for general workplaces, so that panic reactions of the visitors are kept as low as possible. It is almost superfluous to say that with GND, as well as the other terms for an electronics engineer are understandable on their own, the connection of the mass is shown.

34 shows a further circuit realization of the present invention, wherein the in 34 shown wiring diagram independently or integrated in the schematics of the 32 and 33 on a circuit board 133 . 133 ' (See, for example, the 12 . 14 . 28 ) can be constructed. Via the resistor R4, a test pulse can be connected to C1 and decoupled from the capacitor C1 by the optocouplers OK1 and OK2 to the microcontroller IC1, here connection RB7, with only one line. The switching power supply M1 charges secondary electric cells, namely the accumulators G1. Depending on the switching power supplies M1 different secondary cells can be used. The energy contained in the accumulators G1 is passed on via the resistor R7 to the lighting means in the form of LEDs LED1, LED2 until the microcontroller IC1 extinguishes the light emitting diode LEDs LED1, LED2 by switching off the MOS FET of the N channel type Q3 brings. A corresponding deletion circuit is composed inter alia of the Schottky diode D10 and the coils L1, L2. At the terminal block 31 is a switching and display module P can be connected, at which the operating state, for example via correspondingly colored LEDs (LG for a green LED, LR for a red LED, LO for an orange LED), is displayed. The line levels are galvanically decoupled via the optocouplers OK3, OK4 forwarded to the terminals RB6, RB7 of the microcontroller IC1. A test response can be returned to the supply line via the optocoupler OK5 if the signal decoupled via the resistor R6 is transmitted at the pin RB5 of the microcontroller IC1. For current limitation by the status LEDs LG, LR, LO current limiting resistors R1, R2, R3 are each connected to individual pins of the microcontroller IC1. The combination of resistor R4 and capacitor C1 represents a band limitation for the test request. The microcontroller IC1 can not only display various states via the LEDs LG, LR, LO and record and process test signals via the optocouplers OK1, OK2, OK3 and send back corresponding test responses but the accumulators G1, preferably in the same housing as the circuit according to 34 are integrated, protect against deep discharge, because the LEDs LED1, LED2, which can be high-power LEDs, can be easily decoupled by the MOS-FET Q3. Only when a sufficiently high AC voltage is again applied to the optocouplers OK3, OK4 via the current-limiting component R5 does the microcontroller IC1 switch on the LEDs LED1, LED2. The service life of a safety luminaire with LEDs can be further increased. Although it is a single-lumen safety luminaire, the accumulator G1 is operated exclusively in an optimized voltage range, which, together with the trickle charge and the comprehensive deep discharge protection, leads to a considerable life extension of the accumulators and the LEDs. If the microcontroller IC1 is put into a test state by a signal via the optocouplers OK1, OK2, the failure of the supply voltage can be simulated via the optocouplers OK3, OK4 and the functionality of the safety light can be checked. The result of the check is transmitted via the optocoupler OK5 remotely and remotely verifiable via the supply lines. The switch S2 can be assigned different functions, depending on the software version of the microcontroller IC1. In a favorable embodiment, the switch S2 is a test switch of the safety light, which can be switched on site, ie directly on the safety light. Such a safety light can both be maintained remotely and serviced as part of a test inspection.

35 shows a building 231 , in which an electrical network, the lines L ', N', PE, L '', N '', PE '' comprising, is realized. Such building installation networks include various distributors 193 . 195 , At one of these distributors, main distributor 193 or subdistributor 195 , is a battery system 187 , such as a central battery system or a group battery system, connected to the batteries 189 . 191 the lighting system at the final circuits 185 with escape route lights 3 and escape sign lights 5 is still operable, although the central supply network has a fault. The building installation network includes numerous lights 9 . 11 that are often called lights 9 of the first type and lights 11 of the second type. There are one or more voltage monitors to detect a fault 201 So at least one voltage monitor 201 , The measurement result, for example on the side of the central supply network, is provided by the voltage monitor 201 to the distributor 193 or to the battery system 187 logged on to one of the two devices 187 . 193 the energy required for further operation from the accumulators or batteries 189 . 191 can relate. Are the emergency lights in the form of escape route lights? 3 and escape sign lights 5 realized with LEDs, so are advantageously in ballasts 197 . 199 appropriate power supplies or switched-mode power supplies for the voltage level adjustment vorzuhalten. The ballasts 197 . 199 and the escape route lights 3 or escape sign lights 5 can be, as explained in more detail to the figures described above, integrate in a housing. Replacing the diffuser or the pictogram turns it into an escape route luminaire 3 a escape sign light 5 and vice versa. Some of the housings are designed so favorably that one and the same lamp both an escape route lamp 3 as well as a escape sign light 5 represents at the same time. reference numeral importance presentation 1 security Lights FIG. 1, FIG. 11, FIG. 25 3 emergency exit light FIG. 1, FIG. 35 5 Signage FIG. 1, FIG. 35 7 Exit sign FIG. 1, FIG. 8, FIG. 29 9 first light FIG. 1, FIG. 35 11 second light FIG. 1, FIG. 35 13 rear wall FIG. 1 15 Floor ceiling FIG. 1 17 light distribution FIG. 1 19 Beam direction FIG. 1 21 escape route FIG. 1 23 first hallway FIG. 1 25 second corridor FIG. 1 27 third hallway FIG. 7 29 fourth corridor FIG. 37 31 Supply mains FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 31 U _S tension FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 t Time or time course FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 U _AC AC FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 A Amplitude of the alternating voltage FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 A _min minimum amplitude FIG. 2, FIG. 4 A _D Duration phase amplitude FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 t _Z Delay time, in particular between power failure event and reaching the final brightness FIG. 3 Φ ₁ Luminous flux of a first, in particular weaker strength FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 ₂ Luminous flux of a second, in particular stronger strength FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 33 Network Error Event FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 35 first brightness FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 37 second brightness FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 39 Energy supply of the first state FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 41 Energy supply of the second state FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 U _DC DC FIG. 4 I electrical current FIG. 5 I _const constant current, in particular a current control FIG. 5 I _var variable current, in particular a current control FIG. 5 Φ Luminous flux FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 8, FIG. 36 Φ ₃ Luminous flux, in particular a safety luminaire with constant current control FIG. 5 ₄ Luminous flux, in particular a safety luminaire with tracked (increasing) current control FIG. 5 Φ _min Minimum luminous flux, in particular as the failure limit of a safety luminaire FIG. 5, FIG. 8, FIG. 36 t _End1 first end of operation FIG. 5 t _End2 second end of operating time FIG. 5 43 Emission direction of the LED FIG. 6 45 first light flux maximum FIG. 6 47 second light flux maximum FIG. 6 φ Angle, especially in the lighting plane FIG. 6 49 first illuminant orientation FIG. 6 51 second illuminant orientation FIG. 6 53 Windows, in particular of the housing FIG. 8, FIG. 17, FIG. 20, FIG. 21, FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 27 55 first LED FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 19, FIG. 21, FIG. 22, FIG. 26, FIG. 28 57 lens FIG. 9, FIG. 10 59 LED semiconductors FIG. 9, FIG. 10 61 Device for influencing the light beam FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11 63 first lens section, in particular convex FIG. 9 65 second lens section, in particular convex FIG. 9 67 third lens section, in particular concave FIG. 9 69 expanding portion of the lens FIG. 9 71 focusing area of the lens FIG. 9 73 focusing area of the lens FIG. 9 75 first contact flag FIG. 9 77 second contact flag FIG. 9, FIG. 10 79 bonding wire FIG. 9 81 phosphorescence FIG. 9, FIG. 10 83 silicone casting FIG. 9, FIG. 10 85 thermally conductive substrate FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 87 Lamp FIG. 11 89 Housing, in particular a first embodiment FIG. 11 91 first supply connection FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 28 93 second supply connection FIG. 11, FIG. 12, FIG. 28 95 Distance, in particular between LED and reflector or screen FIG. 11, FIG. 13, FIG. 28 97 ground FIG. 11 99 Side wall FIG. 11 101 cover FIG. 11 103 Fresnel FIG. 11 105 poetry FIG. 11 107 tub FIG. 11, FIG. 25 109 first click groove FIG. 11 111 second click groove FIG. 11 113 first click nose FIG. 11 115 second click nose FIG. 11 117 reflector FIG. 11 119 Space for a power supply such as a switching power supply FIG. 11, FIG. 13, FIG. 19 121 second LED FIG. 12, FIG. 19, FIG. 21, FIG. 26, FIG. 28 123 third LED FIG. 12, FIG. 19, FIG. 21, FIG. 26, FIG. 28 125 first, thyristor, in particular for bridges FIG. 12 127 second thyristor, in particular for bridges FIG. 12 129 third thyristor, in particular for bridges FIG. 12 131 General supply FIG. 12 133 . 133 ' circuit board FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15, FIG. 22, FIG. 28 135 Nose, especially resilient nose FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 137 flap FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 139 milling edge FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 141 first attachment opening FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 143 second attachment opening FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 145 Cable passage FIG. 12, FIG. 14, FIG. 15, FIG. 27 147 Flush mounting frame FIG. 13, FIG. 16, FIG. 25 149 Housing, in particular a second embodiment FIG. 13 151 first retaining spring FIG. 13 153 conductor path FIG. 14, FIG. 15 155 second retaining spring FIG. 13 157 collar-like surround FIG. 13 159 Clamping or holding edge FIG. 13 161 sixth LED, in particular control LED FIG. 21 163 Housing, in particular a third embodiment FIG. 16, FIG. 17 165 Housing, in particular a fourth embodiment FIG. 18, FIG. 19, FIG. 20 167 Housing, in particular a fifth embodiment FIG. 21 169 Housing, in particular a sixth embodiment FIG. 23, FIG. 24 171 Housing, in particular a seventh embodiment FIG. 25 173 Housing, in particular an eighth embodiment FIG. 27 175 first secondary cell FIG. 27 177 second secondary cell FIG. 27 179 first pictogram FIG. 29 181 second pictogram FIG. 29 183 third pictogram FIG. 29 185 final circuit FIG. 35 187 battery system FIG. 35 189 first battery FIG. 35 191 second battery FIG. 35 193 first distributor FIG. 35 195 second distributor FIG. 35 197 Ballast, in particular comprising a power supply FIG. 35 199 Ballast, in particular comprising a switching power supply FIG. 35 201 voltage Monitors FIG. 35 203 first condition FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 205 second state FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 207 Power supply, in particular switching power supply FIG. 32, FIG. 33 209 engagement opening FIG. 13 211 cooling surface FIG. 14, FIG. 15 213 bracket FIG. 19 215 first carrier FIG. 19 217 second carrier FIG. 19 219 electrically conductive surfaces, in particular for contacting a holder FIG. 22 221 telescopic frame FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26 223 Carrier material, in particular translucent film FIG. 29 225 Kink or perforation edge FIG. 29 227 Plug FIG. 30, FIG. 31 229 Predetermined breaking point, in particular for cable or Befestigungsdurchreichung FIG. 27 231 building FIG. 35 GND Connection Ground FIG. 33, FIG. 34 IC1 microcontroller FIG. 32, FIG. 34 IC2 microcontroller FIG. 33 IC3 Current control IC FIG. 32, FIG. 33 IC4 voltage regulators FIG. 32, FIG. 33 31 terminal block FIG. 34 J3 terminal connection FIG. 32 M1 Switching Power Supply FIG. 34 G1 accumulators FIG. 34 U1 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 32, FIG. 33 OK1 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 34 OK2 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 34 OK3 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 34 OK4 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 34 OK5 galvanic isolation, in particular via an optocoupler FIG. 34 P Switching and display module FIG. 34 S1 switch FIG. 32 S2 switch FIG. 34 S3 Switch, in particular address encoder rotary switch FIG. 32, FIG. 33 B1 rectifier FIG. 32, FIG. 33 L1 Kitchen sink FIG. 33, FIG. 34 L2 Kitchen sink FIG. 34 L3 Push-pull coil or push-pull transformer FIG. 32 L4 transformer FIG. 32 D1 Zener diode FIG. 32 D2 diode FIG. 32 D3 Zener diode FIG. 32 D4 Diode, in particular half-wave rectifier diode FIG. 32 D5 Zener diode FIG. 32 D6 Diode, in particular isolating diode FIG. 32 D7 Diode, in particular mains part diode FIG. 33 D8 Diode, in particular mains part diode FIG. 32 D9 Diode, in particular voltage stabilization diode voltage FIG. 33 D10 Diode, in particular Schottky diode for voltage reduction FIG. 34 Q1 Transistor, in particular n-channel MOS-FET FIG. 32, FIG. 33 Q2 Transistor, in particular n-channel bipolar transistor FIG. 32, FIG. 33 R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, RV1 resistance FIG. 32, FIG. 33, FIG. 34 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C11 capacitor FIG. 32, FIG. 33, FIG. 34 LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, LED7 LED FIG. 32, FIG. 33, FIG. 34 X1_3, X1_4, X1_5, X1_6 Clamp connection or contact pin FIG. 32 X4_1, X4_2 Clamp connection or contact pin FIG. 33 LG green LED FIG. 34 IR red LED FIG. 34 LO orange LED FIG. 34 L ', L'' Phase or phase conductor FIG. 35 N ', N'' Zero or neutral FIG. 35 PE ', PE'' Earth or earth conductor FIG. 35

Claims (36)

Safety light ( 1 ), which has at least one LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) as illuminant ( 87 ), in front of which a light beam deterministic influencing device ( 61 ) for generating a rotationally asymmetric light distribution ( 17 ), the safety light ( 1 ) both for the illumination of escape signs ( 7 ) as well as to illuminate escape routes ( 21 ) is suitable by the safety light ( 1 ) radiates a minimum brightness, and for this purpose a first state ( 203 ) and a second state ( 205 ), characterized in that same bulb ( 87 ) in both states ( 203 . 205 ) is to be operated such that in the first state ( 203 ), which is detected by a measuring circuit in the safety light ( 1 ) the detection of a general electrical supply ( 131 ) via the supply connections ( 91 . 93 ) of the safety light ( 1 ), the illuminant ( 87 ) a first brightness ( 35 ) emitted by the brightness ( 37 ) in the second state ( 205 ), which is detected by a measuring circuit in the safety light ( 1 ) the detection of a changed electrical energy supply ( 39 . 41 ) at the supply connections ( 91 . 93 ), wherein a luminous flux (Φ ₂ ) in the second state ( 205 ) from the bulb ( 87 ) by the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) passing locally at least two maxima ( 45 . 47 ) between which an angle (φ) can be clamped in a plane which is at least 90 °. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) at least one concave lens portion ( 67 ) between two further sections for maximum generation ( 63 . 65 ) the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) is arranged, that the light beam in two light fluxes (Φ), each with a maximum ( 45 . 47 ) and in a fanning ( 69 ) Luminous flux (Φ) is decomposed. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the fanning ( 69 ) through the concave lens portion ( 67 ), which has a diverging lens characteristic ( 69 ) Has. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) a multiply divided lens ( 57 ; 63 . 65 . 67 ; 69 . 71 . 73 ), which is tuned in its shape to a high-performance diode (LED1, LED2) based on gallium nitride. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) at least one reflective component ( 117 ). Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the reflective component ( 117 ) discontinued ( 95 ) from the LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED ', LED2, LED3, LED4, LEDS, LED6) is arranged. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the reflective component ( 117 ) a reflector ( 117 ). Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED ', LED2, LED3, LED4, LEDS, LED6) emitted white light and in a silicone casting compound ( 83 ) is held. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) of the safety light ( 1 ) a light beam associated with it. influencing device ( 61 ), which as a lens ( 57 ) acting on the respective LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) is pre-mounted on the side into which the light beam ( 19 ) from the LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) is emitted with its largest photon current. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the device influencing the light beam ( 61 ) is executed in prismatic design. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) with a LED semiconductor ( 59 ) as a light source ( 87 ), and thus radiates a minimum brightness, characterized in that means for operating the safety light ( 1 ) are provided such that an electric current (I) for the LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) in a first state when a steady-state amplitude (A _D ) at the safety light ( 1 ) is increased during the operating time (t) is increased. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety light ( 1 ) a housing ( 89 . 149 . 163 . 165 . 167 . 169 . 171 . 173 ), in which ( 119 ) a switching power supply ( 207 ) located at the supply terminals ( 91 . 93 ) of general care ( 131 ) the voltage (U _S ) of the general supply ( 131 ) to one for the LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) lowers certain voltage level so that the safety light ( 1 ) to a final circuit ( 185 ), which comes from a battery system ( 187 ) in a network failure case ( 33 ) is supplyable, can be connected. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the switching power supply ( 207 ) in the housing ( 89 . 149 . 163 . 165 . 167 . 169 . 171 . 173 ) is not visible. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the switching power supply ( 207 ) an output current control (R4, R14, U1, 207 ), via which a brightness control ( 35 . 37 ) of the LED (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) via a PWM signal z. B. with a microcontroller (IC2), powered by a series regulator (IC4), on a primary side of the switching power supply ( 207 , M1). Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the output current control (R4, R14, U1, 207 ) without optical feedback. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 12 to 15, characterized in that the switching power supply ( 207 , M1) can be integrated into a remote test loop (R2, Q1, Q2, D9) so that the safety light (U _DC ) 1 ) in the second state ( 205 ) and the safety light ( 1 ) can be tested remotely to be functional. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the safety light ( 1 ) at least one secondary electric cell (G1) is arranged on a power supply ( 207 , M1) connected to the general supply ( 131 ) upon application of an AC voltage (U _AC ) with a minimum amplitude (A _min ) receives a charge as a trickle charge from a circuit (M1). Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that a visibly arranged for a viewer control LED (LED7), z. B. a green micro-current LED, a charging phase of the secondary electric cell (G1) displays. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the power supply ( 207 , M1), the light source is supplied with energy and further provided with a switching device, so that falls below the minimum amplitude (A _min ), the light source ( 87 ) is supplied via the at least one secondary cell (G1) and the power supply ( 207 , M1) is further equipped with a deep discharge protection (IC1) for the secondary electric cell (G1), so that when a voltage (U _S ) of the secondary electric cell (G1) decreases, it is disconnected from the LED (LED1, LED2) until general care ( 131 ) after a phase of falling below the minimum amplitude (A _min ) for at least one alternating voltage period long with exceeding a duration phase amplitude (A _D ) at the supply terminals ( 91 . 93 ) is available. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety light ( 1 ) is equipped with a test device (S2; R2, Q1, Q2, D9) which, when the general 131 ) and initiation can simulate a supply voltage failure and the safety light ( 1 ) in the second state ( 205 ) and checked. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all LED-based light sources ( 87 ) on a common board ( 133 . 133 ' ) are mounted, both as a heat sink ( 85 . 211 ) for the LEDs ( 55 . 121 . 123 ) serves as well as ensuring a power supply. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two LEDs ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) of the lamp ( 87 ) form an electrical series circuit (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6). Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 22, characterized in that in the electrical series circuit (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) in case of failure of an LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) through a thyristor ( 125 . 127 . 129 ), preferably on the same board ( 133 ) is mounted. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 23, characterized in that the thyristor ( 125 . 127 . 129 ) on the same board ( 133 ) is mounted. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 21 to 24, characterized in that the board ( 133 ) spring-back tabs ( 137 ) at the edge, which is a self-holding positioning ( 135 . 159 ) of the board ( 133 ) in the housing ( 149 ) of the safety light ( 1 ) allowed. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 25, characterized in that the resilient tongues ( 137 ) by milling ( 139 ) are made. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 26, characterized in that the housing ( 89 . 149 . 163 . 165 . 167 . 169 . 171 . 173 ) with a translucent window ( 53 . 61 ) equipped with a translucent pictogram ( 179 . 181 . 183 ) can be obscured. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the second state ( 205 ) a circuit (IC2, IC3, R4, R14, U1) in the safety light ( 1 ) the brightness ( 35 . 37 ) of the illuminant ( 87 ) increases and decreases with a recurring frequency, with respect to the brightness ( 35 . 37 ) can be temporarily returned to the first state. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 28, characterized in that the circuit (IC2, IC3, R4, R14, U1) the brightness ( 35 . 37 ) of the illuminant ( 87 ) alternately with a recurring frequency raises and lowers. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means ( 87 ) through a transparent cover ( 61 . 223 ) which has a surface shape ( 103 ) Has. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 30, characterized in that the transparent cover ( 61 . 223 ) has a curved surface. Safety light ( 1 ) according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the transparent cover ( 61 . 223 ) on one side a Fresnel structure ( 103 ) Has. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device ( 61 ) for influencing the light beam on at least one side of a Fresnel structure ( 103 ) Has. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means ( 87 ) at least three LEDs ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) which has a brightness ( 37 ) of at least 180 lumens in the second state ( 205 ) give. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of claims 21 to 34, characterized in that the board ( 133 ' ) resembles in its length and width dimensions a fluorescent tube which has a shorter dimension than the length and the width dimension, and that the board ( 133 ' ) at least endings each with a conductive coating ( 219 ), so that the board ( 133 ' ) in a holder ( 213 . 215 . 217 ) is self-sustaining for a fluorescent tube and by means of the conductive coating ( 219 ) an electrical contact between the holder ( 213 . 215 . 217 ) and at least one LED ( 55 . 121 . 123 , LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6) on the board ( 133 ' ) can be produced. Safety light ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 35, characterized in that in the means for operating the safety light ( 1 ) at least one measured value, such as a value for a temperature in the safety light ( 1 ), a value for a junction temperature of the LED semiconductor ( 59 ) or how a value determined by a light-measuring component is used as a measure of the increase of the electric current (I _var ).