DE102008019717B4 - Composite insulation panel with vacuum insulation and latent heat storage - Google Patents
Composite insulation panel with vacuum insulation and latent heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008019717B4 DE102008019717B4 DE102008019717A DE102008019717A DE102008019717B4 DE 102008019717 B4 DE102008019717 B4 DE 102008019717B4 DE 102008019717 A DE102008019717 A DE 102008019717A DE 102008019717 A DE102008019717 A DE 102008019717A DE 102008019717 B4 DE102008019717 B4 DE 102008019717B4
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- heat storage
- latent heat
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- thermal insulation
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 salt hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001079 Thiokol (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
- E04B1/803—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped with vacuum spaces included in the slab
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0004—Use of compounding ingredients, the chemical constitution of which is unknown, broadly defined, or irrelevant
- C08J9/0009—Phase change materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/242—Slab shaped vacuum insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Verbundwärmedämmplatte mit wenigstens zwei Lagen (3, 4), die mehr als 30% der Plattenfläche überdecken und auf beiden Seiten mit Platten aus Kunststoff, Metall, insbesondere Blech, Glas oder Keramik (1, 2) abgedeckt sind, wobei wenigstens eine Lage (3) aus einer evakuierten Wärmedämmschicht (3) und wenigstens eine weitere Lage (4) aus einer Schicht besteht, die zu wenigstens 30% ihres Volumens oder Gewichts ein Latentwärmespeichermaterial enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) die Wärmedämmschicht (3) aus einem evakuierten Füllstoff besteht, der mit einer Hochbarrierefolie vakuumdicht umhüllt ist, und b) die Latentwärmespeicherschicht (4) aus einem mit Latentwärmespeichermaterial gefüllten, offenporigen Hartschaum besteht, der mit einer Kunststofffolie luftdicht umhüllt ist, c) wobei die inneren Lagen (3, 4) aufeinander liegen, d) wobei ferner die beidseitigen Abdeckplatten (1, 2) in Länge und Breite größer sind als die inneren Lagen (3, 4) der Verbundwärmedämmplatte, e) und wobei der Randbereich (5) mit einem Abstandshalter aus Kunststoff, Metall...Composite insulation board with at least two layers (3, 4), which cover more than 30% of the plate area and are covered on both sides with plates made of plastic, metal, in particular sheet metal, glass or ceramic (1, 2), at least one layer (3 ) consists of an evacuated thermal insulation layer (3) and at least one further layer (4) consists of a layer which contains at least 30% of its volume or weight a latent heat storage material, characterized in that a) the thermal insulation layer (3) consists of an evacuated filler , which is wrapped with a high barrier film in a vacuum-tight manner, and b) the latent heat storage layer (4) consists of an open-pore hard foam filled with latent heat storage material, which is wrapped airtight with a plastic film, c) the inner layers (3, 4) lying one on top of the other, d ) wherein the cover plates (1, 2) on both sides are larger in length and width than the inner layers (3, 4) of the composite insulation atte, e) and the edge area (5) with a spacer made of plastic, metal ...
Description
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf eine Verbunddämmplatte mit wenigstens zwei Lagen, die mehr als 30% der Plattenfläche überdecken und auf beiden Seiten mit Platten aus Kunststoff, Metall, insbesondere Blech, Glas oder Keramik abgedeckt sind, wobei wenigstens eine Lage aus einer evakuierten Wärmedämmschicht und wenigstens eine weiteren Lage aus einer Schicht besteht, die zu wenigstens 30% ihres Volumens oder Gewichts ein Latentwärmespeichermaterial enthält. Eine gattungsgemäße Verbunddämmplatte ist aus der Druckschrift
Mit evakuierten Wärmedämmplatten kann man hohe Dämmwirkungen mit kleinsten Dämmstärken erreichen. Sie bestehen in der Regel aus einem evakuierbaren, porösen Material geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und einer vakuumdichten Umhüllung, z. B. einer metallisierten Hochbarrierefolie aus Kunststoff. Für Anwendungen, bei denen es auf lange Lebensdauern ankommt, z. B. im Gebäudebereich, haben sich mikroporöse Kieselsäurepulver als Füllmaterial bewährt, da nur ein grobes Vakuum (ca. 5 mbar) benötigt wird, um die Wärmeleitfähigkeiten der Luft praktisch auszuschalten. Je nach Ausführung werden damit Wärmeleitfähigkeiten zwischen 0,003 und 0,005 W/mK erreicht. Bei einer Belüftung, z. B. durch eine Beschädigung der Umhüllungsfolie steigt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf 0,020 W/mK an.With evacuated thermal insulation panels you can achieve high insulation effects with the smallest insulation thicknesses. They usually consist of an evacuable, porous material of low thermal conductivity and a vacuum-tight enclosure, z. B. a metallized high barrier film made of plastic. For applications that require long lifetimes, eg. As in the building sector, microporous silica powder have proven to be a filler, since only a coarse vacuum (about 5 mbar) is needed to virtually eliminate the thermal conductivities of the air. Depending on the design, thermal conductivities between 0.003 and 0.005 W / mK are achieved. For aeration, z. B. by damage to the cladding film, the thermal conductivity increases to 0.020 W / mK.
Vakuumdämmplatten sind für die Anwendung in Gebäuden interessant, wenn wenig Platz zur Verfügung steht, trotzdem aber sehr gut gedämmt werden soll. Zur Dämmung von Außenwänden werden die Vakuumdämmplatten z. B. mit Hilfe von Schienensystemen aus Kunststoffen an der Fassade befestigt. Eine verbreitete Ausführung von Bauteilen mit Vakuumdämmplatten sind Dämmelemente, die insbesondere in Pfosten-/Riegelsysteme eingebaut werden können. Die Patentschrift
Die Patentschrift
Diese bisherigen Dämmelemente haben aber den Nachteil, dass ihr Wärmedämmvermögen zwar sehr hoch ist, sie jedoch nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Wärmekapazität aufweisen. Dies kann insbesondere in Häusern nachteilig sein, die aus leichten Baustoffen mit geringem Wärmespeichervermögen aufgebaut sind. Dort kann es im Sommer leicht zu Überhitzung der Räume kommen. Aus diesem Grunde gibt es Vorschläge solche Gebäude zusätzlich mit Latentspeichermaterialien auszurüsten, die Temperaturschwankungen im Innenbereich geringer halten können. Findet der Phasenwechsel von fest nach flüssig in diesen Materialien z. B. bei Temperaturen von 25°C statt, so werden Temperaturschwankungen in diesem Bereich auf kleinere Werte, z. B. zwischen 22°C bis 28°C gehalten. Dadurch kann ein angenehmeres Raumklima erreicht werden.However, these previous insulation elements have the disadvantage that their thermal insulation capacity is very high, but they only have a comparatively low heat capacity. This may be particularly disadvantageous in houses that are constructed of lightweight materials with low heat storage capacity. It can easily overheat the rooms in summer. For this reason, there are proposals to equip such buildings additionally with latent storage materials, which can keep indoor temperature fluctuations lower. Does the phase change from solid to liquid in these materials z. B. at temperatures of 25 ° C instead, so are temperature fluctuations in this area to smaller values, eg. B. between 22 ° C to 28 ° C held. This allows a more pleasant room climate can be achieved.
Latentwärmespeichermaterialien, die bei diesen Temperaturen eingesetzt werden können, bestehen meistens aus Mischungen von Paraffinen oder Salzhydraten, die in dem gewünschten Temperaturbereich ihren Schmelzpunkt haben. Da die flüssigen und festen Paraffine und Salzhydrate nicht einfach zu handhaben sind, müssen diese verkapselt sein. Die einfachste Möglichkeit ist, die Paraffine oder Salzhydrate in einem flachen Behälter unterzubringen, wie beispielsweise die Patentschrift
Die
Diese hier beschriebene Konstruktion stellt einen immensen Aufwand dar. Außerdem haben die zueinander parallelen Glasplatten ein enormes Gewicht, welches eine tragende Grundkonstruktion in erheblichem Umfang belastet. Glas ist obendrein spröde und kann leicht brechen. This construction described here represents an immense effort. In addition, the mutually parallel glass plates have an enormous weight, which loads a supporting basic construction to a considerable extent. Glass is also brittle and can break easily.
Aus den Nachteilen des beschriebenen Standes der Technik resultiert das die Erfindung initiierende Problem, einen Speicherverbund der Latentspeichermaterialien zu finden, bei der die PCM mit hoher Volumen- und Massendichte auslaufsicher und wenig aufwendig eingelagert werden können, und die obendrein möglichst einfach und preiswert herstellbar sein soll.From the disadvantages of the prior art described results in the invention initiating problem to find a storage network of latent storage materials, in which the PCM with high volume and mass density leak-proof and little expensive can be stored, and on top of that should be as simple and inexpensive to produce ,
Zur Lösung dieses Problems sieht die Erfindung bei einer gattungsgemäßen Verbunddämmplatte vor, dass die Wärmedämmschicht aus einem evakuierten Füllstoff besteht, der mit einer Hochbarrierefolie vakuumdicht umhüllt ist, und dass die Latentwärmespeicherschicht aus einem mit Latentwärmespeichermaterial gefüllten, offenporigen Hartschaum besteht, der mit einer Kunststofffolie luftdicht umhüllt ist, wobei die inneren Lagen aufeinander liegen und ferner die beidseitigen Abdeckplatten in Länge und Breite größer sind als die inneren Lagen der Verbundwärmedämmplatte, und wobei der Randbereich mit einem Abstandshalter aus Kunststoff, Metall oder einem Schaummaterial ausgefüllt ist.To solve this problem, the invention provides in a generic composite insulation board, that the thermal barrier coating consists of an evacuated filler, which is vacuum-tightly wrapped with a high barrier film, and that the latent heat storage layer consists of a filled with latent heat storage material, open-cell foam, which encloses airtight with a plastic film is, wherein the inner layers are superimposed on each other and also the two-sided cover plates in length and width are greater than the inner layers of the composite thermal insulation panel, and wherein the edge region is filled with a spacer made of plastic, metal or a foam material.
Insbesondere soll das Dämmelement aus einer evakuierten Dämmplatte bestehen, was von sich aus nur wenig Platz benötigt, um eine hohe Dämmwirkung zu entfalten. Typischerweise liegt die Dicke des Vakuumdämmelements zwischen 10 und 30 mm, und damit wird ein U-Wert zwischen 0,15 und 0,5 W/m2K erreicht. Auf das ebene Vakuumdämmelement wird das ebene Latentwärmespeicherelement aufgelegt, wobei diees vorzugsweise die gleiche Längen- und Breitendimension wie das Vakuumelement aufweist. Vakuumdämm- und Latentwärmespeicherelement können durch Klebstoffe miteinander kraftschlüssig verbunden sein. Vakuumdämm- und Latentwärmespeicherelement können auch aus mehreren Teilen bestehen, die nebeneinander liegen.In particular, the insulating element should consist of an evacuated insulation board, which by itself requires only little space to develop a high insulation effect. Typically, the thickness of the vacuum damping element is between 10 and 30 mm, and thus a U-value between 0.15 and 0.5 W / m 2 K is achieved. On the level vacuum insulation element, the planar latent heat storage element is placed, which preferably has the same length and width dimension as the vacuum element. Vakuumdämm- and latent heat storage element can be positively connected to each other by adhesives. Vakuumdämm- and latent heat storage element may also consist of several parts that are adjacent.
Die aufeinanderliegenden Elemente werden beidseitig von dünnen Platten aus Glas, Keramik, Kunststoff oder Metall abgedeckt. Diese können mit den dazwischenliegenden Elementen auch verklebt sein. Die Abdeckungen sollen in der Länge und Breite üblicherweise etwas größer sein als die innenliegenden Wärmedämm- und Wärmekapazitätselemente, so dass sie leicht überstehen. Dadurch sind die üblicherweise gegenüber Beschädigungen empfindlichen Vakuumdämmplatten besser geschützt. Der so entstehende Randbereich kann durch einen Abstandshalter aufgefüllt werden. Der Abstandshalter kann z. B. aus Metall, aus Kunststoff, aus einem Isolierschaum oder ähnlichem bestehen. Er kann auch in der Art des Abstandshalters einer Isolierscheibenverglasung mit primärer und sekundärer Abdichtung ausgeführt sein. Der Abstandshalter ist üblicherweise mit den beiden Abdeckplatten mittels eines Klebemittels oder mittels Schrauben kraftschlüssig verbunden.The superimposed elements are covered on both sides by thin plates made of glass, ceramic, plastic or metal. These can also be glued to the intermediate elements. The covers should usually be slightly larger in length and width than the internal thermal insulation and heat capacity elements, so that they easily survive. As a result, the usually sensitive to damage vacuum insulation panels are better protected. The resulting edge area can be filled with a spacer. The spacer may, for. B. made of metal, plastic, made of insulating foam or the like. It may also be implemented in the nature of the spacer of a primary and secondary sealing glass pane. The spacer is usually frictionally connected to the two cover plates by means of an adhesive or by means of screws.
Das Latentwärmespeicherelement kann im Prinzip aus einem oder mehreren flachen Polyethylenbehältern, die mit einem geeigneten Paraffin gefüllt sind, bestehen. Aus Kostengründen wird eine Ausführung bevorzugt, bei der das Latentwärmespeichermaterial sich in einem offenporigem Hartschaum befindet, der in einer Kunststofffolie, vorzugsweise eine Aluminiumverbundfolie, verpackt ist. Die Hülle aus der Kunststofffolie ist rundum versiegelt, so dass kein Material austreten kann. Der Hartschaum weist eine Porösität von mehr als 90% auf, so dass der freie Raum voll von dem Latentwärmespeichermaterial genutzt werden kann. Dadurch ergibt sich eine hohe Wärmespeicherfähigkeit pro Volumeneinheit. Als Hartschaum wird bevorzugt ein offenporiger Polyurethanschaum verwendet, der eine hohe mechanische Stabilität bei ausreichender Offenporigkeit aufweist.The latent heat storage element may, in principle, consist of one or more flat polyethylene containers filled with a suitable paraffin. For cost reasons, an embodiment is preferred in which the latent heat storage material is in an open-pored hard foam, which is packed in a plastic film, preferably an aluminum composite film. The cover made of plastic film is completely sealed, so that no material can escape. The hard foam has a porosity of more than 90%, so that the free space can be fully utilized by the latent heat storage material. This results in a high heat storage capacity per unit volume. The rigid foam used is preferably an open-pored polyurethane foam which has a high mechanical stability with sufficient open porosity.
Das flüssige Latentwärmespeichermaterial wird in der Weise in den offenporigen Hartschaum eingebracht, dass der Schaum zunächst luftleer gepumpt wird. In diesem Zustand saugt sich das flüssige Paraffin in den Schaum ein und füllt alle Hohlräume. Dadurch dass die Öffnungen zwischen den Poren in dem bevorzugten Polyurethanhartschaum relativ klein sind, bleibt die Flüssigkeit im Schaum unbeweglich und fließt an der Oberfläche nicht aus. Die äußere Kunststoffhülle dient dann im Wesentlichen nur noch als zusätzlicher Schutz.The liquid latent heat storage material is introduced into the open-pore rigid foam in such a way that the foam is first pumped airless. In this state, the liquid paraffin absorbs into the foam and fills all cavities. Because the openings between the pores in the preferred rigid polyurethane foam are relatively small, the liquid in the foam remains immobile and does not flow out at the surface. The outer plastic shell then serves essentially only as additional protection.
Die dargestellte Form des Latentwärmespeichers lässt sich besonders gut mit einer Vakuumdämmplatte kombinieren, die ähnlich aufgebaut ist: Ein Kern aus einem offenporigem Material wird von eine Hochbarrierefolie umhüllt und in einer Vakuumkammer luftleer gepumpt. Die letzte Siegelnaht wird verschlossen, die Vakuumkammer belüftet und die evakuierte Dämmplatte entnommen. Besonders bevorzugt für Anwendungen im Baubereich, bei denen von Nutzungsdauern der Vakuumdämmplatten von mehreren Jahrzehnten ausgegangen wird, sind Dämmkerne aus mikroporösem Kieselsäurepulver.The illustrated shape of the latent heat accumulator can be combined particularly well with a vacuum insulation panel which has a similar structure: A core made of an open-pored material is enveloped by a high-barrier film and pumped in a vacuum chamber in a vacuum. The last sealed seam is closed, the vacuum chamber ventilated and the evacuated insulation board removed. Particularly preferred for applications in the construction sector, in which it is assumed that the useful life of the vacuum insulation panels of several decades, are insulating cores made of microporous silica powder.
Die Dicke der Vakuumdämmung kann zwischen 5 mm und 50 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10 mm und 20 mm betragen. Die Dicke des Latentwärmespeicherelements ebenfalls zwischen 5 mm und 50 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10 mm und 20 mm.The thickness of the vacuum insulation may be between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm. The thickness of the latent heat storage element also between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm.
Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass auch weitere Lagen, z. B. zur Schalldämmung mit der Vakuumdämmung und Latentwärmespeicher kombiniert werden können, wobei bereits alleine durch die Integration des PCM Elementes die Schalldämmung im Vergleich zur reinen PCM Platte verbessert wird. Ebenso sind Schichten zur weiteren Dämmung und Verklebung, z. B. durch Polyurethanschaum möglich.It is within the scope of the invention that other layers, for. B. can be combined for sound insulation with the vacuum insulation and latent heat storage, which already alone by the integration of the PCM element, the sound insulation compared to the pure PCM plate is improved. Likewise, layers for further insulation and bonding, z. B. possible by polyurethane foam.
Die Dicke der Abdeckungen der Dämm- und Speicherschichten liegen in einem Bereich zwischen einem und fünf Millimeter. Bevorzugt wird eine metallische Abdeckung z. B. aus Aluminiumblech. Es können aber auch Kombinationen aus metallischen Abdeckungen auf einer Seite und einer Glasscheibe auf der anderen Seite eingesetzt werden.The thickness of the covers of the insulating and storage layers are in a range between one and five millimeters. Preferably, a metallic cover z. B. aluminum sheet. However, it is also possible to use combinations of metallic covers on one side and a glass pane on the other side.
Die fertigen Sandwichelemente werden üblicherweise in die Rahmen eines Pfosten-/Riegelsystems eingebaut. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass die Vakuumdämmung außen liegt und das Latentwärmespeichermaterial raumseitig. Nur in diesem Fall kann sowohl die hohe Wärmedämmwirkung und hohe Wärmespeicherwirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundplatte voll genutzt werden.The finished sandwich panels are usually installed in the frame of a mullion / transom system. It is important to ensure that the vacuum insulation is on the outside and the latent heat storage material on the room side. Only in this case, both the high thermal insulation effect and high heat storage effect of the composite panel according to the invention can be fully utilized.
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DE102014016709A1 (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-05-19 | Fkn Fassaden Gmbh & Co.Kg | Facade system for the renovation of old buildings with refractory façade elements of high heat - insulation effect on uneven ground of the building wall and method for its production |
CN105040868A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-11-11 | 苏州建鑫建设集团有限公司 | Safe and environment-friendly building curtain wall ceramic plate convenient to mount |
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