DE102007049771A1 - Method for the targeted control and use of thrust forces on a rotor circuit, in particular for controlling the movement of objects - Google Patents

Abstract

An article 30 is connected to at least one controlled rotor circuit 34, 35. By rotating the rotor blades, the thrust forces that the wind exerts on this rotor circle are influenced. These forces are intended to stabilize or specifically move the object. For suspended objects and ships, this enables a quick reaction to the effects of wind and waves.

Description

Task and state of the art

Of the Wind leads to wind forces and thereby triggered Movements that occur in towering and relatively light objects especially significant. A building up of movements as a result of resonance can reinforce this influence. Especially with hanging objects it comes easy to pendulum movements.

The Installation of rotors or rotor blades of wind turbines is often only possible with moderate wind forces, such as they rarely occur in locations with good wind conditions. At mountain railways occasionally interruptions occur on the gondolas attacking wind.

One steadily attacking wind would at least one inclined position of the hanging Cause object. More problematic are the short-term acting turbulence and resulting changes the wind forces and resulting oscillations. Skillful crane operators can oscillate to a limited extent "catching", a reaction to suddenly attacking gusts of wind but it is hardly possible.

at Masts or slightly built towers to lead wind forces to vibrations and the alternating loads lead to additional material fatigue.

movements of ships in the sea can lead to seasickness. Undesirable is also the extra Travel resistance when submerging the hull in wave mountains. Per se known is the fact that a sail or support sail for stabilization contributes to a ship. However, a sail is relatively sluggishly active according to its size to handle, and they are big personnel required to move a sail, especially to trim it.

at Sailing ships can be through gusts to capsize. A fast Auffieren or letting go of the lines Sometimes it does not work fast enough, there is a stronger reefing of the sails undesirable in performance-oriented driving. There is a need here one suddenly increasing wind power to counteract the sails.

Of the Swell leads to wave forces on the towers from offshore wind turbines, in the front and rear a wave are aligned differently. Unfavorable an addition of wind and wave forces with the same direction.

To the State of the art belongs that wind turbines get a so-called pitch control, with when the rated power is reached, the rotor blades successively "out of the Wind turned "to thus limiting the performance and in particular the thrust loads and thus to limit the loads in the plant. In normal operating condition From wind turbines, the rotor blade adjustment is used to the Adjust the rotor so that power generation is maximized, or that they are in strong wind according to the maximum power of the generator is set. The rotor blade adjustment is also used to limit extreme loads in the plant itself. Especially with gusts can achieve a rapid reduction of wind turbine performance become. An adjustment of the rotor blades for other aspects is not regularly intended.

task The invention is now, by wind and waves resulting loads or counteract movements, or on demand forces to create an object.

Inventive idea: control the pushing forces a rotor

The The movements mentioned are directly or indirectly with the Wind connected, which leads to movements or the wave formation drives. For a ship or a free hanging object is missing Possibility, a counterforce by support to produce on the ground.

The Generating a drag can instead be beneficial through targeted Use and control of wind forces be effected (claim 1). One way to generate a variable force is the use of a wind turbine with pitch adjustment with rotating and in addition about their longitudinal axis adjustable flat rotor blades. Also possible the use of a similarly functioning, primarily non-energy generating device with rotating rotor blades; as rotor blades Here are generally the one shear resistance in the wind generating calculated flat objects that revolve around a rotor axis. The swept over area is called rotor surface designated.

The Shearing effect of the wind on the rotor circuit should now be used strictly speaking, targeted changes the strength the thrust.

Due to the circular movement of the rotor blade or the rotor blades, a rotor surface is swept over, which is large in comparison to the surface of a rotor blade. For the thrust effect on the rotating rotor blade, in addition to the wind force, primarily the area of the rotor circle is decisive, not the dimension of a rotor blade. For a change in the thrust is a rotation of the rotor blade required for his long axis. In this case, the rotor blade between a position approximately perpendicular to the rotor circuit or parallel to the apparent direction of flow (low shear forces) and at a slight angle to the rotor circuit or at a larger angle to the apparent flow direction (high shear forces) adjusted.

Because of its elongated Form constitutes a rotation of the rotor blade about its longitudinal axis Rotation against a comparatively low rotational moment of inertia The rotation therefore requires relatively low forces and can therefore be done relatively quickly.

in the Compared to a sail, the wind turbine can produce the resulting Transverse force changed relatively quickly be, because a comparatively small profile of the rotor blade sweeps over a larger (rotor) surface. As a result, the thrust force generated by the wind can be very perpendicular to the rotor surface changed quickly be (claim 1, 2).

The Rotor blade adjustment therefore offers a possibility for very rapid change the thrust of the wind.

By an aimed at the generation of thrust control of a rotor blade can now with enough Wind forces across the rotor circle in a short time and dismantled. By a rotation of the rotor circuit or the rotor plane obliquely to the wind direction (instead of perpendicular to the wind direction, as it is for wind energy production is appropriate) can also affect the direction of these forces become.

Succeed it, the rotor blade during of the circulation repeatedly to adjust so that on different Sides of the rotor circuit during of circulation each give different degrees of thrust, It can also be used to generate torque. Also by the arrangement several such rotors, preferably with sufficient distance to lever arms on both sides of an object to be stabilized, where in different Way shear forces can be generated, a torque can be effected.

Application for ships

ever according to the task, such a controlled thrust can be used to stabilize the position of a ship, or to specifically follow the wave movements.

With a location as possible high on the ship, preferably at the top of a mast, one can high tilting moment can be achieved by the device.

pitching

at Counterwind or tailwind can be a rotor that in sufficient Height attached is, cause pitching or counteract unwanted pitching movements.

If a ship moves towards a wave mountain, for example, there are different reaction options depending on the objective and size of the ship:
It can be generated a bow-lowering force to counteract the increasing buoyancy of the bow and thus avoid ramming. This is particularly promising in the case of large ships or vessels with a comparatively low waterline area in relation to the mass.

To can set the wind on a wave mountain in the wind from behind be that he absorbs a maximum thrust, hence the ship tilted forward (pitching motion) and thus the bow of the ship the wave follows down. Conversely, the rotor blades would be in a trough would be turned into a feathered position so that the rotor only still absorbs a minimum thrust and thus a dipping the bug in the next Wave is counteracted.

It Conversely, a force that raises the bow may be generated to to follow the wave mountain and reduce decelerating horizontal forces, when diving in the bow or when "piercing" the wave crest would arise. This is especially true for small vessels or a large ratio between Cross-section of the fuselage and bulkhead makes sense, and if before all a big one Speed is sought.

When third possibility can also be a useful one Nick movement of the ship triggered be: it could in time before reaching a wave, a force lowering the bow could be generated: For example still in the trough by strengthening the attacking from behind Shove a tilting moment forward and thus a dip of the bug be effected. The force lowering the bow then becomes just ahead the wave mountain lifted again, from which then by the effect of boost the desired, upward counter-movement follows, whose momentum is now used even better about the next Wellenberg to get away.

Further applications for ships

The arrangement of each such rotor in the front and rear of the ship can be used in lateral wind to the yaw to balance the ship around a vertical axis. If at the same time torques arise about the horizontal longitudinal axis of the vessel, which would trigger rolling movements, these can be compensated together with the wave-related rolling movements by controlling the stabilizer fins of the ship, since rolling movements of moving vessels can be compensated comparatively well by such stabilizers. If the front and the rear rotor are mounted at the same height above the roll axis of the ship and are controlled so that the sum of the thrust moments remains the same on the rotors, and they are only distributed differently on both rotor surfaces, no rolling movements caused by the rotor operation ,

By Construction and dismantling of the thrust forces on both rotors simultaneously Rolling movements can be initiated or can the emergence of rolling movements from wave forces be counteracted.

Frequently becomes the wind are approximately perpendicular to the wave crests, so that a rotor position perpendicular Wind also gives an advantageous direction of the controllable thrust forces. With the help of two differently oriented rotor circles forces or Torques are supported in two different tilt directions. With an orientation of the rotor perpendicular to the direction of movement of the ship, the wave compensation or the consequences of the waves in the foreground, while in alignment of the rotor axis parallel to the direction of movement avoiding a lateral tipping of the Ship by wind forces (too much rolling motion).

A Alignment at an angle then to the wind would but with a less favorable one or collapsing power generation in the wind turbine walk. In such cases it may be cheaper the rotor blades not equipped with a classic wing profile, but to dispense with the buoyancy effect of the profiles and give them another Give shape. It is important that the rotor blades depending on the orientation a lot or little thrust, preferably by a flat Shape is achieved. The cross section of the rotor blades could, for. B. be an ellipse.

at the navigation of ships, especially in side wind sensitive Ships and use of narrow fairway, the rotor can be used be the ship in the initial situation, a further enlarged lateral Windage to lend, which then compensated with a countersteering of the rudder would. If then a gust reinforced the wind attack, can the wind attack surface of the rotor are controlled much faster than a reaction the rudder possible would. Big cruise ships often have a windfall area of over 5,000 sqm, as well as the rotor circuits of large wind turbines.

The Arrangement of a stabilizing rotor could also be used in sailing ships done at the top of the mast. This could be a two-berth one Facilitate operation with a "flying" hull raised from the water. In such a position would the stabilization opposite which in itself greatly increased Kentergefahr then by a quick control of the rotor circle come.

The Regulations for sailing competitions can lead to, that a power-generating turbine must be dispensed with and Therefore, a lift-generating airfoil shape of the profile becomes unnecessary. Such regulations can also a manual operation of the pitch mechanism of the wind turbine prescribe. It may be useful to give the operator an intuitively perceptible Impression of the strength to give the acting thrust. This can z. B. by adjustment of the ground on which the operator stands, or by an opposing force done in the control levers.

The Using a rotor with just one rotor blade would make it easy enable, make this rotor blade meaningful at standstill of the rotor and how to use a resting sail. This could be done at low wind.

Application with hanging objects

A Another application of the invention is the compensation of the pendulum motion of hanging objects, about Cable cars or cranes objects by appropriately mounted rotor circuits. The commuting can be under Others by movements of the suspension point by the waves come about, but especially by the wind pressure on the object. There the unwanted ones Movements here arise directly or indirectly through wind forces, is usually enough Wind exists to counteract these movements.

Also Without a special control of the thrust act such rotors usually dampening on movements perpendicular to the rotor circle, unless it is to a stall on the rotor blades comes. Without regulation could a rotor hanging with a Swinging object, on the one hand dampen the rocking movements, they on the other hand by the enlarged effective area also reinforce. By controlling the angle of attack is now targeted a pendulum motion be counteracted.

A Deviation from the vertical of the hanging rope by the effect the thrust is inevitable. With a regulated, the Thrust stabilizing rotor can also this deviation in a fixed angle stabilized so that also in this respect a constant position can be achieved, for example, about a crane raised item (Claim 4).

Special This application has significance for objects with large dimensions compared to their weight, with large swinging rope lengths or lift heights, and at high wind speeds, which are common at sea and at high altitudes.

Further applications exist in operation in unstable equilibrium or closer to limit states (cf. 3 ).

pictures

1 shows one with a mast 1 on a ship 2 mounted WEA from the back (top) and in plan (bottom) with the wind direction 3 , To use the WEA to generate a torque that the ship to the right or clockwise 4 In each revolution, the rotor blades are twisted around their longitudinal axis so that they always turn when a rotor blade is the left part 5 The rotor circuit is swept over, placed so that maximum thrust forces arise. On the right side 6 They are set so that the thrust is as low as possible. While passing through the upper and lower parts 7 and 8th the rotor circuit is the adjustment of the respective sheet. The fact that the wind forces pushing from behind are larger on the left than on the right, a torque is applied to the ship. This can now be used to effect a rotational movement of the ship, as well as to limit an otherwise resulting rotational movement in the opposite direction.

2 shows two wind turbines with the rotors 10 and 11 on a ship 12 that is on the water surface 13 moved to the right side of the sheet, coming from the right of the direction of travel side wind. Will the thrust on the rotor 10 reduced by rotation of the rotor in the direction of the flag position and at the same time a stronger thrust on the rotor 11 exercised, then a torque is applied counterclockwise. If the thrust on both rotors is increased, there is a force that triggers a rolling motion that moves the upper parts of the ship away from the observer, or it is compensated for an opposite excitation of the ship by waves.

3 shows a two-berth ship 20 in a lateral wind 21 with a sail 22 , which generates propulsion in the usual way. In the example, it is a two-berth ship with different hull size, as it is also referred to as Proa. At the top of the mast there is a wind turbine 23 whose thrust 24 perpendicular to the rotor axis and thus acts laterally on the ship. The tipping moment triggered by this is set in each case so that the torso located in the wind direction (luv) 25 constantly a bit above the water surface 26 is located, so usually only the leeward hull 27 in the water, so that ship produces as little as possible flow resistance in the water. This is a very unstable mode of operation, which requires a very fast reaction to tilting movements, which is achieved by the very well controllable shear forces of the wind turbine.

If at the bow of the windward "flying" hull 25 a shock against a wave is registered or predicted become the rotor blades of the wind turbine 23 immediately twisted into the flag position to avoid capsizing the ship in the wind direction, otherwise by the interaction of the anticipated buoyancy forces of the "landed" on the water surface hull and the wind forces 24 could occur. The downward movement of the previously flying fuselage and the associated torque can also have a stabilizing effect. It is also possible to raise the windward side in time before such a wave mountain, so that the windward hull is lifted over the wave mountain.

4 shows the gondola 30 a mountain railway, which is on a carrying rope 31 depends and wind forces perpendicular to the rope course and the drawing plane is exposed. The operation of mountain railways is often interrupted because they are excited by the wind to rocking movements. At the bottom of the nacelle are therefore two booms 32 . 33 each with a rotor hub and in the rotor circles 34 and 35 rotating rotor blades. In the nacelle is an acceleration sensor that detects rocking movements of the nacelle.

The rotor blades can be in the lee of the boom 32 . 33 be arranged, and thereby rotatably supported about the axis of the cantilever, so that the rotor circuit aligns without active control perpendicular to the wind direction.

With moderate rocking movements of the gondola 30 the orientation of the rotor blades is not changed and the aerodynamic damping of the uncontrolled rotor is used. When moving against the wind direction, the rotor blade is in a normal position, so that it receives a (possible) large thrust. For stronger rocking motion, the rotor blades are rotated by de Ren longitudinal axis in each case aligned so that they partially or completely turn out of the wind during movement of the cable car in the wind direction (ie in the feathered position), so that the thrust force generated by the wind on the rotors is reduced. Since in this part of the nacelle movement the thrust is directed in a direction similar to the direction of the nacelle movement, this reduction in thrust results in a damping of the rocking motion. In a minimal version, only one rotor per gondola would be used on a boom with a rotor blade. In the parking position, the rotor blade next to the boom could come to a halt, and the boom together with the rotor blade could be pivoted to the cable car of the mountain railway, so that the rotor circuit would not be noticeable and the gondolas would need no additional space, which is especially in the mountain and valley stations may be of importance.

Claims (5)

Method for stabilizing objects ( 2 . 12 . 20 . 30 ) or for controlling the movement of objects which are exposed to wind forces and optionally also wave forces, characterized in that - at least one elongated and flat body rotating in a swept surface is connected to the object, preferably in the rotor surface ( 34 . 35 ) rotating rotor blade of a wind turbine ( 10 . 11 . 23 ), - that by turning the body, the thrust on the swept surface is changed, - and that this is a quick controllability of forces on the object is effected, which are used to the other, induced by wind and possibly waves movements of the object counteract or the movement ( 4 ) of the object. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during one revolution a rotor blade ( 9 ) or an oblique and at the same time flat object circulating in the swept-over surface is employed differently, so that thereby the thrust force of the wind is divided into different parts ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th ) of the traversed rotor circuit is increased or decreased, so that the thrust force generated on average during one revolution engages in a specific manner off-center to the center of the rotor circuit. Method according to claim 1 for operating a ship in waves, characterized in that - on a ship ( 2 . 12 . 20 ) at least one rotating, elongated and at the same time flat body is constructed, preferably a wind turbine ( 10 . 11 . 23 ) That - by adjusting the rotor blade or by rotation of the body, the thrust force on the rotor surface or the swept surface is changed, - that a targeted movement of a ship is brought about, with which the ship is to follow the waves better, or movements of Vessel is counteracted. Method according to Claim 1 for controlling the position of suspended objects ( 30 ), preferably the loads of cranes, characterized in that pendulum movements of the object by controlling the wind-related thrust forces against at least one rotating body ( 34 . 35 ) be avoided or controlled. Method for operating an offshore wind turbine, characterized in that shaft-related loads or load changes is counteracted that by adjusting the rotor blade angle of attack (pitch angles) the wind-related thrust is changed so that in parts of the support structure, a partial compensation of the wave-related Loads or load changes achieved by changing wind forces becomes.