DE102007043219A1 - Solar air heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

One solar air heating system for a building with a directly sunlit facade has a perforated Plate on which covers the wall. Frame elements attach the Plate on the wall to space the plate a short distance from the wall and air cavities between the wall and the plate. It is an air collection room at the foot of the Cavity provided near the wall. An air inlet in the wall connects the air plenum to the interior of the building. A fan in the building pulls outside air through the perforations in the plate into the cavity, out of the cavity into the air collection room, and out of the air collection room through the air inlet in the building.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the invention

These Invention is mainly on a solar air heating system for a building directed. The system should be slightly modified and used as a water heating system can be used.

2. Description of the state of the technique

Solare Air heating systems for building are known. The systems are used to provide the ventilation air supplied to the buildings to warm up. These known systems comprise a perforated, heat-absorbing plate which over at least a part of the outside a directly sunlit facade of a building is mounted, with the plate a small piece spaced from the wall to a vertical air cavity between to form the plate and the wall. The sun warms the plate and the air next to the outer surface of the Plate. When the plate heats up, heated They continue to air near the outer surface of the plate. The heated air rises longitudinally the plate outer surface and passes through perforations in the plate into the air cavity. The plate is heated also the air in the cavity, which causes the air in the cavity, to the top of the building to rise from where the air collected in a collection channel and from there through an entrance into the building is directed. A fan is used in the collecting duct or in the inlet to pull the heated Air on the outside surface of the Plate through the perforations into the cavity and pulling the Support air in the cavity up and into the building.

These However, known systems have disadvantages. The upper area of the Wall gets very hot, as a result there is a considerable heat loss occurs, especially at the upper corners to the outside air, which makes the system inefficient. The attachment of the system on upper area of the building is difficult because the collecting duct at the top of the system Wall makes significantly thicker than an existing wall or cavity. This makes it architecturally and mechanically difficult to plate and their support elements on the upper frame part of the building to install. Operation and maintenance of the blower in the collecting duct or inlet is difficult due to the high arrangement. The perforations in The plate is designed to provide an upward flow of To facilitate air in the cavity. The configuration of the openings limited the design variations available when embellishing the plate. Vertical cavity alignment reduces performance and increased the static pressure of the air flow, whereby the load on the air treatment units increases, which for the introduced Air to be used.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION

It The object of the present invention is a solar air heating system to create a simpler construction, easier and easier to install, more efficient in use, lighter to operate and even to a greater variety in the design the plate leads.

According to the present Invention, a solar air heating system is provided which has a perforated, ablative Plate having over at least a part of the outside a directly sunlit wall of a building is mounted, the Plate a little piece spaced from the wall to form an air cavity the incoming air can flow freely into an air inlet. One or more air intakes are in the lower half the building wall provided, preferably near the foot of the wall. In the inlet is a fan arranged to take air from outside the Plate through perforations in the plate into the cavity and out to draw the cavity through the air inlet into the building. The sun warms the Plate and the outside air next to the plate. The effect of the fan moves air in the cavity towards the inlet and into the building, drawing the warmed air on the outside surface of the Plate through the perforations in the plate into the cavity. The Air in the cavity is through the sun-warmed plate, through which the perforations into the cavity entering sun-warmed air and by any heat, the from within the building through the wall, warmed up.

The Plate can be on the building wall with vertical, horizontal or a combination of vertical and horizontal frame members are mounted, depending from the construction of the slab and the building wall architecture. The frame elements are fixed with one side to the building wall and the plate is attached to the other side of the frame members. To one airflow inside the cavity towards the air inlet in the building wall To facilitate, the frame members are preferably perforated. The perforations in the frame elements not only facilitate the airflow in the cavity in both the vertical and horizontal directions, but also simplify the installation.

The system may be provided with a horizontal air collecting channel at the foot of the plate to collect the air from the air cavity, with the channel leading to the air inlet in the foot of the building wall leads. The use of a lower horizontal collection channel, while satisfactory, may result in a pressure drop in the airflow due to an abrupt change of direction of the airflow. Instead of an air collection channel, a lower portion of the plate may be unwound outwardly at the foot away from the building wall to form an air collection space at the foot of the cavity, thus simplifying the construction. The air inlets in the building wall are centered within the air collection space between its sides. The air plenum becomes continuously larger toward the bottom of the system, allowing the volume of air to expand as it enters the plenum. In addition, the angled plate faces the sun at a more direct angle, thereby increasing the solar gain and improving the air heating efficiency of the room.

In an alternative construction, the entire plate can easily after Outside be angled to make the cavity wider at the foot than at the Top. The air intake into the building is at the foot of the tapered cavity. The air flow through the cavity is improved as the cavity in the direction to the foot continuously increased. The angled plate is also at a more direct angle of the Sun faces as a vertical plate, reducing the solar gain elevated and the heating efficiency is improved.

The Arrangement of the inlet in the lower half of the wall of the building, and preferably near the foot of the Building wall, offers several advantages. With the air flowing diagonally towards the air inlets is the temperature profile in the air cavity over its height and width more uniform, with the heat loss is reduced from the cavity, since no hot areas at the top Corners are present, and the system is more efficient overall becomes. The arrangement of the air intake in the building far below also makes the Installation and operation of the blower in the inlet much easier and easier.

According to the present In accordance with the invention, furthermore, the perforations in the plate are made circular. The plate can be made of numerous cladding profiles, which can be mounted in various positions on the building wall to Design variations available and to improve the appearance of the building. The circular perforations allow the assembly of the cladding elements in different positions, without the air flow to adversely affect through the perforations in the cavity.

The Invention is particularly related to a solar air heating system for a building directed a directly sunlit facade wall, the System a perforated, heat-absorbing plate to cover the wall, wherein the foot of the plate is at the foot of the wall located. Frame elements attach the panel to the wall to secure the panel Plate a little piece from the wall to space and an air space between the Wall and the plate to form. It is an air inlet from the cavity in the interior of the building present, with the entrance into the building wall below the half the height the plate is located. There is a blower in the inlet that Out of air the perforations in the cavity and out of the cavity through the Inlet pulls into the building. The frame members are also preferably perforated, which is a airflow allowed through the cavity in all directions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 is a cross-sectional view of the solar air heating system;

2 is a detailed cross-sectional view taken along the line 2-2 in FIG 1 ;

3 is a detailed side view of the heating system;

4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the heating system;

5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the heating system;

6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the heating system;

7 is another cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the heating system; and

8th is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 in FIG 7 ,

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The solar air heating system, as in the 1 to 3 has a perforated, heat-absorbing plate 1 on a directly sunlit façade wall 3 a building 5 is mounted. The plate may be coated on its outer surface with a selective finish to increase its heat absorption capacity. The plate 1 is a small piece of the wall 5 spaced to an air cavity 7 to build. The plate 1 Can be made of several toothed lining elements 9 be formed, with the cladding elements on the building 5 are mounted. The Verklei dung elements 9 have circular perforations 11 which are normally evenly spaced. The perforations 11 have a diameter of about 1.651 mm (0.065 inches), so there are about three to eight perforations per 6.4516 cm ² (1 square inch) of the plate, but the size and density of the perforations depend on the amount of air may be supplied to the building for heating or cooling purposes may vary.

To the cladding elements 9 first to assemble to the plate 1 form several frame elements 15 spaced used to the elements 9 with the wall 5 connect to. The frame elements 15 may be in the form of z-elements. An inner thigh 17 each frame element 15 is by means of suitable fasteners on the wall 5 attached, with the cladding elements 9 then on the other outer thighs 19 the frame members are fastened by means of suitable fastening means. The sides of the plate 1 can by means (not shown) frame elements on the wall 5 be attached, which have a U-shaped cross section, around the sides of the air cavity 5 to close. The frame members may have other profile shapes than a z-shape.

A horizontal air collection channel 23 is at the foot of the plate 1 intended. The channel 23 is slightly wider than the cavity 7 where the cavity 7 in the channel 23 leads. An air intake 25 which is essentially central in the canal 23 is arranged, leads from the channel 23 through the building wall 3 in the building 5 , A fan 27 is in the inlet 25 right inside the building 5 arranged. The top of the cavity 7 is through a top wall 29 locked. The frame elements 15 are only in the air cavity 7 However, they can also be shown in the collection channel 23 extend.

In normal operation (usually winter operation) the sun heats the plate 1 on and the sun and the plate 1 heat the air next to the outer surface 31 the plate. The through the inlet fan 27 generated negative pressure draws air through the openings in the collecting channel 23 , When the air passes through the cavity 7 to the canal 23 it flows through the sun-warmed plate 1 and by any heat coming out of the building through the wall 3 escapes, further heated. The air volume decreases on the way into the collecting channel 23 to, with the air then leaving the channel through the inlet 25 is pulled into the building. It is clear that the temperature profile of the air over the hot spot plate is more uniform, especially in the upper region of the cavity, compared to the prior art, where the heat from the plate can be lost to the outside.

In bypass mode (summer operation), the air entering the collection channel near the bottom is relatively cool compared to the air in the cavity along the upper portion, so that the air entering the building is not overheated. The use of an externally mounted bypass flap 149 in front of the inlet 25 allows cool air from outside the system directly into the inlet 25 to stream.

The upper section of the plate 1 and the plate frame elements 15 are simply attached to the top of the building framework, as the collection channel located at the bottom of the system will not interfere with it. The weight of the panel and frame members is easily carried by the top and bottom of the building structure. The fan installation and operation is easier near the floor.

The described system can be modified by the collection channel 23 is omitted and instead a short lower section 31 the plate 1' angled outward, as in 4 is shown. The foot section 31 is from the long upper section 33 the plate 1' around a horizontal bend line 35 angled outwards. The bending of the foot section 31 the plate 1' forms with the wall 3 ' an enlarged elongated air plenum 37 at the foot of the air cavity 7 ' for the heated air drawn down. The collection room 37 is through a bottom wall 38 locked. The space 37 increases toward the bottom, thus improving the flow of air inside and out of the cavity. In addition, the angled foot section 31 the plate 1' better aligned with the sun and thus more efficient in heating the air. The inlet opening 25 ' is centrally located in the collection room 37 arranged between its sides. The foot section 31 the plate 1' is perforated in the same way as the top section 33 the plate. The vertical frame elements 15 ' are only in the air cavity 7 ' however, they can also reach the bottom of the plenum 37 extend. Special end frame members (not shown) are used around the sides of the air cavity 7 ' and the sides of the collection room 37 to close.

In a further embodiment, the entire plate 1'' from its upper edge 43 starting to be angled outward, as in 5 is shown. In this embodiment, the vertical frame members would 15 ' increase in width from top to bottom to the plate 1' suitable to support, and would be a short distance from the ground above an air plenum 37 ' end up. An upper main section 45 the plate 1'' forms with the wall the air cavity 7 '' , A smaller lower section 46 the plate forms with the wall 3 '' the plenum 37 ' , The air collection room 37 ' tapers towards the cavity 7 '' continuing the chamfer towards the top. The foot of the air collection room 37 ' is through a bottom wall 38 ' locked. Beveled end frame members (not shown) would be the sides of the air cavity 7 '' and the collection room 37 ' close. The inlet 25 '' is central in the collection room 37 ' arranged. The angling of the entire plate 1'' places them in a more effective heating position relative to the sun, and further improves air flow down through the cavity 7 '' towards the inlet 25 '' ,

In a further embodiment, the webs 21 . 21 ' or 21 '' the frame elements 15 . 15 ' or 15 '' with perforations 47 be perforated to the air flow in the cavities 7 . 7 ' or 7 '' to allow to move laterally as well as vertically. The fan would draw the air traveling down the cavity laterally in the direction toward the vertical center of the system where the building inlet 25 . 25 ' or 25 '' is arranged. The perforations 47 would also make the frame elements lighter and make them easier to handle.

Perforated frame elements allow to use a greatly simplified heating system. As in 6 As shown, the simplified system may be a perforated plate 101 include, through perforated frame elements 115 is supported to a cavity 107 to build. The inlet 125 can be anywhere in the lower half of the cavity 107 be arranged as the blower 23 the air both vertically and transversely through the cavity 107 and the perforations 147 in the frame elements 115 can pull. No air collecting channel or air collecting space is required in this embodiment, since the cavity itself serves as an air collecting space. The upper, lower and lateral sides of the cavity 107 are closed by upper, lower and side walls.

If necessary, a guide grille 149 in the plate 101 next to or near the inlet opening 125 be provided to allow cooler outside air into the cavity 107 to flow and mix with the heated air to cool it when needed in the summer. A similar baffle can be found in each of the plates 1 . 1' or 1'' in the other previously described embodiments.

The paneling elements 209 that the plate 201 form, can be mounted vertically. In this variant, as in the 7 and 8th shown can be narrower vertical frame members 215 together with horizontal frame elements 210 be used in all previously shown embodiments with horizontal cladding elements. The horizontal frame elements 210 be on the outer thighs 219 the vertical frame elements 215 attached, as in the 7 and 8th is shown. The horizontal frame elements 210 are vertically spaced. The vertical paneling elements 209 be on the horizontal frame elements 210 , which may have a U-shaped cross-section, mounted with suitable fastening means (not shown). perforations 247 can in the webs 221 the vertical frame elements 215 be provided while perforations 248 in the jetties 222 the horizontal frame elements 210 can be provided. The top plate 221 can be the top of the cavity 207 close while the channel 223 can close the bottom of the cavity. Side plates close the sides of the cavity 207 , The vertical paneling elements 209 are in this embodiment and in the in 6 shown embodiment straight; as in the embodiment in FIG 4 shown bent or as in the embodiment in 5 shown angled. When bent or angled, the vertical frame members may be shaped to fit the bent or angled configurations with uniform horizontal frame members. Alternatively, the vertical frame members may be progressively recessed with the horizontal frame members progressively toward the ground, if required in the bent or angled configurations. The cladding elements can also be mounted diagonally.

Claims (27)

Solar air heating system for a building with direct solar irradiation Facade, the system comprising: a heat absorbing plate for Covering the wall; Perforations in the plate that allow the air to flow through the plate; frame elements to attach the plate to the wall, make the plate a short one Piece of to space the wall and an air cavity between the wall and to form the plate; an air collecting space at the foot of the cavity beside the wall; an air inlet in the wall for connecting the air collecting space with the interior of the building; and a fan inside the building for drawing the outside air through the perforations in the plate into the cavity, out of the cavity into the air collection chamber and out of the air collection chamber through the air inlet in the building. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the Air collecting space is a collection channel which extends across the width of the plate, and wherein the channel is slightly deeper than the cavity. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the plate has a vertical upper portion parallel to the wall to communicate with the wall the air cavity to form, and having a foot portion which is angled outwardly from the bottom of the upper portion to form the air collecting space with the wall. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the Starting from its upper edge, bend the plate slightly outwards is; an upper main portion of the plate with the wall of the cavity forms; the cavity from its foot to its upper end rejuvenated is; the lower, smaller portion of the plate forms the air-collecting space with the wall; the lower end of the cavity with the upper portion of the air collecting space connected is; and the air collecting space is tapered towards the cavity. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the Plate is made of horizontal cladding elements, and the cladding elements attached to vertical frame elements are. A solar air heating system according to claim 2, wherein the Plate is made of horizontal cladding elements, and the cladding elements attached to vertical frame elements are. Solar heating system according to claim 3, wherein the upper Section of the plate made of horizontal cladding elements is, and the cladding elements attached to the vertical frame elements are. A solar air heating system according to claim 4, wherein the upper section of the panel of horizontal cladding elements is made, and the cladding elements attached to the vertical frame elements are. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. A solar air heating system according to claim 2, wherein the Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. A solar air heating system according to claim 3, wherein the Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. A solar air heating system according to claim 4, wherein the Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein the Perforations circular are. A solar air heating system according to claim 2, wherein the Perforations circular are. A solar air heating system according to claim 3, wherein the Perforations circular are. A solar air heating system according to claim 4, wherein the Perforations circular are. Solar air heating system for a building with direct solar irradiation Wall, the system comprising: a heat absorbing plate which supports the Wall covered; Perforations in the plate that allow the air to flow through the plate; Frame elements for securing the plate to the wall to the plate a small piece from the wall to space and an air space between the Wall and the plate to form; Perforations in the frame elements; an air inlet in the lower section of the wall to the cavity with the interior of the building to connect, and a fan in the inlet to outside air through the perforations in the plate into the cavity, out of the cavity through the air inlet, with the air passing through the perforations the frame elements flows in the cavity, and then in the building to draw. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein said Perforations in the plate are circular. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein said Plate is made of horizontal cladding elements, and the cladding elements attached to the vertical frame members are. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein said Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. Solar air heating system according to claim 18, wherein the plate is made of horizontal cladding elements, and the cladding elements attached to the vertical frame members. A solar air heating system according to claim 18, wherein the Plate is made of vertical cladding elements, horizontal Frame elements on the outside the vertical frame elements are attached, and the vertical ones Cladding elements are attached to the horizontal frame elements. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, comprising a Air collecting duct at the foot of the Cavity between the plate and the building wall contains, where the channel is over the width of the plate extends and is slightly deeper than the cavity, the cavity opens into the channel; and wherein the air inlet is arranged in the channel. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein said Plate has a vertical upper section parallel to the wall, to form the air cavity with the wall; and where the plate has a lower portion, starting from the foot of the upper Section outward is angled to form with the wall the air collection chamber. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein said Slightly angle the panel outwards from its upper edge is; an upper main portion of the plate with the wall of the cavity forms; the cavity starting from its lower end to its the upper end is tapered; the lower smaller section of the plate with the wall the air collecting space forms; the lower end of the cavity with the top of the air collection chamber connected is; and the air collecting space is tapered towards the cavity. A solar air heating system according to claim 1, wherein a Bypass door is arranged in the plate near the air inlet, to the entry of outside air directly into the air intake of the building. A solar air heating system according to claim 17, wherein a Bypass door is arranged in the plate near the air inlet, to the entry of outside air directly into the air intake of the building.