DE102007041995A1 - Headrest for vehicle seat, comprises base support element and impact element, where headrest comfort position is changed with pre-determined acceleration by movement of impact element opposite to base support element - Google Patents

Abstract

The headrest (100) comprises a base support element (120) and an impact element (130). A drive (160) is arranged, where an adjustment path is produced from the headrest comfort position (I) into headrest-crash position abruptly. The headrest comfort position is changed with a pre-determined acceleration by the movement of the impact element opposite the base support element.

Description

The The invention relates to a headrest with the in the preamble of claims 1 and 2 mentioned features.

The present invention seeks to provide a headrest for a vehicle seat capable of reacting to an impact from behind on the vehicle in which the vehicle seat is mounted, in order to reduce whiplash injury to occupants seated on the vehicle seat (for explanation behold DE 10 2005 030 313 A1 ) to a minimum.

From the WO 2006/117047 is an electromechanically driven crash-active headrest for a vehicle seat, which has a carrier and a baffle element, which is articulated by means of a four-bar linkage to the carrier and in the event of a crash or other triggering event - driven by a spring - is in a position closer to the head of the occupant extendable , known.

Another electromechanically driven or releasable head restraint assembly is known from the DE 101 28 651 A1 known.

From the DE 101 36 827 C1 a pneumatically driven inflatable headrest is known which has a substantially U-shaped frame and a pad, wherein the frame is mounted in the backrest engaging from above and the pad is inflatable. The frame has a drive which is designed so that it is retracted with unoccupied seat cushion in the backrest and extended with occupied seat cushion from the backrest upwards, wherein the headrest has a control by means of the upholstery of the headrest when occupied Inflatable seat cushions and the pad of the headrest can be evacuated if the seat cushions are not occupied.

Another pneumatic solution for forming a headrest on a vehicle seat is in the DE 198 00 078 A1 described.

Laterally pneumatically inflatable head support on a headrest are in the utility model DE 94 20 870 described

Finally, from the prior art, in particular the DE 10 2005 014 549 B4 Also known is a headrest having a flexible cover on a rigid support structure on which a memory foam is placed, the flexible cover expanding in response to fluid communication via a fluid source in the event of an impact event. Form return of the foam flexible cover occurs by heating the foam, which returns to its original shape through its shape memory properties.

It It should be noted that different from the prior art Drive types, such as electromechanical drives, pneumatic or drives realized by means of shape memory alloys are known to be a headrest from a "normal" Comfort position in a crash position to be able to bring.

there In addition to the crash functions are also Precrashfunktionen, the be triggered before the time of an impact event, really important.

Of the Invention is the object of a comfort headrest to develop their comfort and crash positions to a high degree Provide safety for the seat occupant, taking the comfort and convenience Crash or precrash functions with optionally used equally guaranteed for different drive types should be.

The Task becomes in connection with the characteristics of the generic term of the Patent claim 1 solved by the following features, namely, a drive is arranged directly in the headrest, the trigger case, a crash or Precrashfall an adjustment the headrest by the movement of the baffle element opposite a basic support member from a comfort position in a Crash position abruptly via a pyrotechnic drive according to claim 3 causes.

Further drives are provided, which are also directly in the headrest can be arranged, and in the event of a crash or Precrashfall an adjustment of the headrest by the Movement of the baffle element relative to the basic support element the comfort position in the crash position abruptly or under Change of comfort position with a predefined speed accomplish up to the crash position.

Therefor comes a drive according to one of claims 4 to 8 in question.

The object is further achieved in conjunction with the features of the preamble of claim 2, characterized in that the respective drive used is arranged in the headrest, which in case of triggering a displacement of the headrest by the movement of the baffle element relative to the base support member from the comfort position to the crash position abruptly and / or for changing comfort position causes a predetermined speed, in addition to the adjustment movement of the baffle element with respect to the Basic support member simultaneously a positively coupled movement of the headrest side cheeks from the comfort position is connected to the head of the vehicle seat user laterally holding crash position of the headrest side cheeks.

Therefor also come the drive types according to one of the claims 3 to 8 in question, wherein an adjusting movement with a predefinable Speed from the comfort position to the crash position with a pyrotechnic drive according to claim 3 can not be realized. The drive type according to claim 3 for suddenly to be carried out adjustment movements the baffle plate relative to the basic carrier element the headrest predestined.

For the adjusting movement of the baffle element relative to the basic carrier element according to claim 1 or 2 are preferred embodiments according to claims 9 to 17 provided with all Drives according to claim 3 to 7 can be realized.

Prefers is between the basic carrier element and the baffle element one that allows the desired adjustment movement Lever and joint assembly is formed.

In preferred embodiment of the invention are each two joints on the basic carrier element and two joints on the impact element arranged, the joints like a lever, forming a trapezium of levers, with each other are connected.

Further is in a first preferred embodiment between the Basic support element and the baffle an additional Support strut assembly with at least one support strut Trained over a fifth joint over a spindle / Spindelhülsenkombination on the base support member longitudinally displaceable and is articulated, wherein the at least one support strut on the one hand on the spindle mounted on the base carrier element on a spindle sleeve over the fifth Articulated hinge is arranged so that one on the basic support element fixed drive, in particular according to one of the claims 3 to 7, the spindle turns. As a result, the baffle element is over the at least one on the baffle on the other hand articulated Support strut via the trapezoidal lever arrangement reversible from the head restraint comfort position to the head restraint crash position displaced.

In Another preferred second embodiment is between at least two joints a spindle / Spindelhülsenkombination arranged, whose at least one spindle sleeve over one, moving during the adjustment movement between centrally arranged on the spindle drive, after a of claims 3 to 7; on the turning by the drive Spindle is movable, so that the trapezoidal lever assembly reversible from the head restraint comfort position to the head restraint crash position is relocatable.

In an alternative solution of the second embodiment The headrest is characterized in that between at least two joints a spindle / Spindelhülsenkombination is arranged, whose at least one spindle sleeve over a moving along during the adjustment preferably Drive arranged centrally on the spindle, according to one of the claims 3 to 7, on which by the drive rotating spindle movable is, so that the trapezoidal lever assembly reversible from the Kσpfstützen comfort position is displaceable in the headrest crash position. alternative can in the second execution at least simultaneously a co-moving support strut of a support strut assembly automatically to secure the baffle element opposite contribute to the basic support element. Here is the support strut assembly with the at least one support strut preferably in the upper area the headrest arranged.

For all versions apply that in particularly advantageous Make the spindle-spindle sleeve combination a self-locking System represents and the provision over a Direction change of the respective drive, according to one of the Claims 3 to 7, can be accomplished.

For claim the adjustment movement of the head restraint side cheeks 2 can be for any of the previously described designs and their alternatives in a preferred embodiment of the invention one of the adjusting movement of the baffle element opposite the basic carrier element dependent adjustment provided the headrest side cheek in positive coupling become.

The positively coupled movement of the headrest sidewalls the comfort position in the side of the head of the vehicle seat user holding crash position is executable in a first variant, in which a backdrop is arranged in the baffle element, in which a slide pin one via a seventh lever with the basic support element articulated connected headrest sidewall support engages, so that the adjustment by the movement of the baffle element relative to the basic support element a rotation about an axis of rotation of the headrest side bolster forces.

The positively coupled movement of the head restraint side cheeks from the comfort position into the crash position holding the head of the vehicle seat user laterally can be carried out in a second variant, in which at least one lever element the lever arrangement is provided with at least one lever extension with an outwardly directed to a Kopfstützenseitenwangenträgers slide pin, which engages in a slot of the Kopfstützenseitenwangenträgers, so that the adjustment forced by the movement of the baffle element relative to the base support member rotation about an axis of rotation (y) of the headrest side bolster.

The Position and / or shape and / or length of the backdrop in the headrest side bolster according to the first or second variant for the design of the rotational movement around the axis of rotation y as a function of the adjustment between baffle element and basic support element is after the respective desired adjustment movements of the baffle element opposite the base support member relative to the movable head rest side beam support predetermined.

Further the solution consists of the task in connection with the characteristics the preamble of claim 1, in particular in conjunction with the features of claim 19 in that a drive in the Headrest is arranged, which in the case of triggering a displacement of the headrest by the movement of the Baffle element relative to the basic carrier element abruptly and / or from the comfort position to the crash position for changing comfort position with a predeterminable speed causes being independent or dependent - but not positively coupled - by the adjustment movement of the baffle element relative to the basic support element a movement the headrest sidewalls from the comfort position in the head of the vehicle seat user laterally holding the crash position of Headrest side cheeks is connected. The movement of Head rest side cheeks is starting from one direction of travel x of an imaginary Cartesian coordinate system - as Rotational movement about a rotation axis y - or - to a folding axis z - or - as a rectified Moving in an x-direction [even] - or - as Movement in an x-y direction [oblique] - executable.

at this mentioned dependent mentioned Adjusting movement of the headrest side cheeks relative to Movement of the baffle element relative to the basic carrier element should not the adjustment of the headrest side cheeks be positively coupled as in independent claim 2, but it is done according to claim 1 in conjunction with the features according to claim 19, a vote of the respective adjustment movements.

Of course There is also the possibility of adjusting movements of the Prallements against the basic support element completely independent of the adjustment of the Looking at and designing headrest side bolsters. For but the movement of the headrest side bolsters then apply likewise, the possibilities described above the direction of movement of the headrest side cheeks the impact element.

Regarding the drive design then applies in a dependent embodiment and not necessarily coupled execution following that at an adjustment of the headrest side cheeks from the comfort position into the head of the vehicle seat user side holding crash position for the movement of the headrest side walls separate Drives, according to one of claims 3 to 8, arranged and the headrest side bolsters - not forcibly coupled - but depending on the adjustment of the baffle element relative to the base support element via the impact element adjusting drives according to one of the claims 3 to 8, are relocatable. Head rest side cheeks and Baffle element relative to the basic carrier element So get separately arranged drives. This arrangement is done accordingly at completely independent from each other to be performed adjusting movements of the headrest side cheeks and of the baffle element relative to the basic carrier element.

To Claim 1 in conjunction with claim 21 results in another preferred variant opposite the adjustment movement of the baffle element the basic carrier element and an embodiment of headrest side cheeks from the comfort position into the head of the vehicle seat user lateral holding crash position of the headrest side cheeks to accomplish. Here is / are preferred one or more pneumatic air pockets or air cushions between base support element and impact element as well as on the head restraint side cheeks - to Head of the occupant directed towards - are arranged, the in case of release from a rest position into a crash position reversible pneumatically inflatable.

After all can the adjustment between baffle element and basic support element by means of a built on the basis of a shape memory alloy Drive between at least two lever elements of a lever and Joint arrangement can be realized, wherein provided in this drive Component based on a temperature-induced influence from a low-temperature mold or a high-temperature mold one undergoes geometric deformation.

When triggered, an adjustment of the headrest by the movement of the baffle element and / or the Kopfstützenseitenwangengegengrund the basic support element from the comfort position to the crash position abruptly and / or to the changes tion can be effected at a predeterminable speed by the shape-memory alloy consisting of a component of its low-temperature form temperature-induced transformed into a high-temperature mold or vice versa.

Prefers is a provision of the baffle element and / or the Headrest side bolsters by an externally acting Force or by a passive accomplishing the default Drive system or through an active the provision effecting Drive system can be forced by at least one spring element, during heating or cooling of the component - active - was tensioned.

For All described preferred embodiments is the Possibility of contour adjustment of the headrest cushion a covering the baffle and the headrest side walls To arrange bending plate.

After all In a preferred embodiment of the invention for all described preferred embodiments either in the Crash position or deviating from the end position of the comfort position Position in which the bridging a open area between the baffle element and the base support element provided in the upper part of the headrest cover is.

The Invention will be described below with reference to figures to the respective Embodiments and variants explained. Show it:

1A a schematically illustrated headrest in headrest comfort position I with a lever arrangement of a first embodiment with an electromechanical drive on a support strut in end-side position on a drive spindle;

1B the headrest shown schematically in headrest crash position II with the lever assembly of a first embodiment with the electromechanical drive in end position on the drive spindle;

2A a schematically illustrated headrest in headrest comfort position I with a lever arrangement of a second embodiment with the electromechanical drive in the central position on a drive spindle;

2 B the illustrated headrest in headrest crash position II with the lever assembly of a second embodiment with the electromechanical drive in the center position on the drive spindle;

3A the headrest in headrest comfort position I how 2A but with an alternatively executable support strut

3B the headrest in head restraint crash position II, like 2 B but with the alternative executable support strut

4A to 4C Headrest in the first version after 1A and 1B each in a plan view during movement from the headrest comfort position I in the headrest crash position II;

5A to 5C Headrest in the first version after 1A and 1B each in a perspective view during movement from the headrest comfort position I in the headrest crash position II;

6A a headrest after 1A in a side view;

6B a headrest after 1B in a side view;

7 a headrest after 1A . 1B respectively 4A to 4C or 5A to 5C or 6A and 6B but with a first variant of a force-coupled headrest side cheek example of the first embodiment 1A . 1B ;

8A a headrest in headrest comfort position I after 2A . 2 B respectively 3A to 3B in a second variant of a force-coupled side cheek, for example, with reference to the second embodiment 2A . 2 B ;

8B a headrest in head restraint crash position II after 2A . 2 B respectively 3A to 3B in the second variant of the positively coupled side cheek, for example, according to the second embodiment 2A . 2 B ;

9A a detailed view of the components after 8A ;

9B a detailed view of the components after 8B ;

10 a schematic, sequential sequence one with the respective positively coupled first and second variant feasible sideways movement in the x direction;

11 a foldable cover for the position between head restraint comfort position I and head restraint crash position II;

12A a schematic representation of a first basic ways of moving the headrest side bolsters of a headrest in the x direction in the headrest crash position II;

12B a schematic representation of a second principal possibilities of displacement of the headrest side bolsters of a headrest in the x direction in the head restraint comfort position I;

13A a schematic representation of a third principal possibilities of the headrest comfort position I by folding the headrest side walls of the headrest about a z-axis in the x-direction;

13B a schematic representation after 13A but in head restraint crash position II;

14A a schematic representation of the third principal possibilities of the headrest comfort position I by folding the headrest side walls of the headrest about a z-axis x-direction, but on a flexible bending plate;

14B a schematic representation after 14A but in head restraint crash position II;

15A a schematic representation of the first or second principal possibilities of displacement of the headrest side bolsters of a headrest in the x direction in the headrest crash position II by way of example 12A but with a flexible bending plate;

16A / 16B a headrest in headrest comfort position I with a pneumatic drive variant according to the prior art;

17A / 17B a headrest in headrest comfort position I with a pneumatic drive variant with a headrest sidewall solution;

18 Control scheme of the pneumatic solution after 17A / 17B ;

19 a schematic diagram of a headrest in a headrest comfort position I with a drive variant based on shape memory alloys;

19A a detail of a lever assembly according to 19 in an exemplary headrest comfort position I in a first alternative embodiment and

19B a detail of a lever assembly according to 19 in an exemplary headrest comfort position I in a second alternative embodiment.

In The following description of the figures were for the same Components always used the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the Description of position of the components or their directions of movement referred to the Cartesian coordinate system, which the respective figures mostly in sheets by means of a coordinate star has been added. The x-direction is the direction of travel, the y-direction as a direction transverse to the direction of travel and the z-direction as vertical to the trained direction standing on x-y plane or defines the x-y plane intersecting direction.

The 1A and 1B show in a first embodiment, a crash-active or precrashaktive comfort headrest 100 , in which 1A the headrest comfort position I and 1B the headrest crash position II shows.

The headrest 100 includes a headrest mount 110 , by means of the headrest 100 can be fastened in a backrest, not shown, and, as usually carried out, is arranged in a height-adjustable manner.

At the headrest mount 110 is a basic support element 120 arranged, which is essentially the rear of the headrest 100 corpus-like forms.

In front of this basic carrier element 120 is a baffle element 130 preferably arranged in the form of a baffle plate, which essentially the front region of the headrest 100 corpus-like forms.

The basic carrier element 120 and the baffle element 130 are respectively provided with padding and a corresponding reference arrangement, so that essentially in an outer view of a headrest 100 resulting from two upholstered parts 120 . 130 is constructed. This two-part design is from the outside only by a narrow, the elements 120 . 130 separating, gap visible. For the displacement of the baffle element 130 from the headrest comfort position I to the headrest crash position II or to an intermediate position between the headrest comfort position I and the headrest crash position II is in accordance with 1A . 1B executed a lever assembly H, which in conjunction with a hinge assembly G is an adjusting movement of the baffle element 130 opposite the basic carrier element 120 allows.

In the illustrated first embodiment is an electric motor drive 160 provided in the Essentially in the basic carrier element 120 is firmly stored.

The drive 160 is capable of a spindle 170 to turn, on the one hand in the electric motor drive 160 rotatably mounted, is arranged and on the other hand to a fixed bearing FL in the basic carrier element 120 is rotatably mounted.

On the spindle 170 is a spindle sleeve 180 arranged on the articulated a support strut S1 is arranged, on the other hand via a sixth joint G6 on the baffle element 130 is also articulated.

For example, a support strut assembly S can be made, in which a left support strut S1 as shown and a right support strut S1 (not visible behind) is executed, wherein in such an embodiment each have a left or right electric motor drive 160 may be present, which in each case then also twice executed spindle 170 Turns to the respective on the double-executed spindle 170 arranged spindle sleeve 180 between fixed bearing FL and electromotive drive to move back and forth.

Basic carrier element and impact element 120 . 130 form lever elements H1, H2, H3 and H4, which are rotatably connected to each other at joints G1, G2, G3 and G4.

In the event of a crash or pre-crash, hereinafter referred to only as a trigger case, the headrest 100 be moved from the head restraint comfort position I or a lying between the headrest comfort position I and the head rest crash position II position in the headrest crash position II. In such a sensory detected trigger case, the example here as an electric motor drive 160 provided drive the spindle 170 rotate, causing the spindle sleeve 180 according to 1B in the direction of the fixed bearing FL wanders and the baffle element 130 shifted over the left visible support strut S1 in the headrest crash position II. At the same time it can be seen that the lever and joint assembly H, G between baffle element 130 and basic support element 120 is transferred to a crash position.

In this case, a first and a second joint G1, G2 in the basic carrier element 120 and a third and a fourth hinge G4 in the baffle element 130 executed, wherein the respective levers H1, H2, H3, H4 connect the joints G1 to G4 accordingly.

The 2A and 2 B show in a second embodiment, a crash-active or precrashaktive comfort headrest 100 , at 2A in the headrest comfort position I and the 2 B the headrest crash position II. The basic structure of the headrest 100 in terms of basic support element 120 and impact element 130 , as well as the hinge assembly G is analogous to 1A . 1B executed.

The second embodiment, however, differs in terms of the drive solution, which is a displacement of the headrest 100 from the head restraint comfort position I to the head restraint crash position II.

In this second embodiment is a spindle 170 arranged on the first joint G1 and the third joint G3. On the spindle 170 sits an electric motor drive 160 which is preferably centered on the spindle 170 is arranged. Starting from 2A are on the spindle 170 spindle sleeves 180 each end arranged. The electromotive drive 160 is now able to rotate each provided with right- or left-threaded side of the spindle, so that the spindle sleeves 180 according to 2 B to the center to the electric motor drive 160 are displaced, whereby the distance between the first joint G1 and the third joint G3 is reduced and the lever assembly H, which in turn is composed of the levers H1, H2, H3 and H4 in this second embodiment parallelogram in the headrest crash position II relocated.

In the event of a crash, based on the 2 B the spindle sleeves 180 opposite the spindle 170 , as well as the spindle 170 even claimed on train.

The spindle length is 120 mm, for example, according to the headrest comfort position I and in the retracted state according to 2 for example, in the headrest crash position II 82 mm.

In a crash, the baffle element 130 the headrest 100 optionally loaded in the upper area by an acting force, so that it is desirable in the upper region sufficient support of the baffle element 130 make. To this end, the invention provides in a preferred embodiment to arrange a support strut assembly S of support struts S1, S2 and this support strut assembly S with the solution 2A . 2 B to combine.

This solution is denoted by corresponding analogous reference numerals in FIG 3A showing the headrest comfort position I or in 3B to see the headrest crash position II.

The respective support strut S1, S2 is in turn by means of a sixth and seventh joint G6, G7 in a locking rail 111 inside the headrest 100 movably mounted. Thereby, the respective support strut S1, S2 according to 3B Lock in head restraint crash position II if a force occurs in the detent recesses provided for this purpose.

The headrest 100 is preferably shifted to a reference point P, which is predetermined in the Euro-NCAP test, from the headrest comfort position I in the headrest crash position II.

The other components correspond to the descriptions according to 2A . 2 B ,

The 4A to 4C show by way of example with reference to the first embodiment 1A and 1B each a plan view of the headrest 100 in the transition from the headrest comfort position I in the headrest crash position II.

The 5A to 5C show the associated perspective views.

It is essential here that with the adjustment movement of the baffle element 130 opposite the basic carrier element 120 at the same time a positively coupled movement of the headrest side cheeks 140 from the head restraint comfort position I in the head restraint crash position II of the headrest side cheeks laterally holding the head K of the vehicle seat occupant 140 connected is.

From this it becomes clear that initially the movement of the baffle element 130 necessary to positively constrained movement of the headrest side cheeks 140 cause.

Thus, this movement is the headrest side cheeks 140 also by means of the second embodiment according to 2A or the alternative embodiment according to 3A . 3B realizable.

The 4A . 4B shows the headrest 100 with the headrest cheeks 140 still in end-side headrest comfort position I, the 4B . 5B represent the transition in which the lever assembly H and the hinge assembly G preferably with an alternative support assembly S with the support struts S1, S2 have already reached an intermediate position between the headrest comfort position I and the headrest crash position II.

The 4C . 5C show the headrest crash position II at the baffle plate 130 the foremost position on the lever assembly H, joint assembly G and support strut assembly S has reached. This movement of the flapper 130 is now interpreted as a sudden adjustment movement or as provided with a predetermined speed adjustment movement. This design depends on the particular type of drive used. By the sudden or with a predeterminable speed effected approximation of the baffle element 130 to the head of the seat occupant increases the protective effect either by an adjustment in the comfort range between headrest comfort position I and headrest crash position II or by the headrest crash position II, which is taken abruptly in the event of a crash. The protective effect improves especially by the additional lateral guidance of the head K to the headrest side cheeks 140 , By an individual adjustment between head restraint comfort position I and the head restraint crash position II, a comfort increase for the seat occupant is also achievable.

During the journey, a sensor system monitors, for example, the following traffic. Upon detection of an imminent rear impact drives the baffle plate 130 the headrest 100 After sensing a crash or precrash abruptly forward and minimizes the distance between the head K and baffle plate 130 , In the real rear impact but can also act a lateral accelerations on the occupants. Therefore provide lateral supports in the form of headrest side cheeks 140 the headrest 100 an additional guidance of the head K, to an optimized, head K holding position, to the headrest 100 to achieve.

It is advantageous that in the case of the incoming or non-occurring rear impact in an existing crash or Precrashsensorik headrest 100 or the impact element 130 the headrest 100 reversible can be moved back to its original position.

It is advantageous that all settings of the precrashaktiv headrest 100 can be individually adjusted or stored by the occupant to increase comfort of the user. Manual settings and memory functions are on the headrest 100 belonging control unit provided.

As drives for the crash-active or precrash-active headrests 100 offer the following possibilities, it can be electric motor drives 160 like in the 1A to 5C in the first and second embodiments.

It but also piezo motors, pneumatic drives, hydraulic Drives, pyrotechnic drives - these only for sudden Verstellbewegungen- or drives based on shape memory alloys (shape memory alloty) are used.

Some of these types of drives are listed in Fol will be discussed in more detail.

The 6A . 6B shows in detail a headrest 100 to 1A respectively 1B in a side view at the adjusting movement of the baffle element 130 like in the 1A . 1B provided with the same reference numerals.

The 7 shows a headrest 100 to 1A . 1B after the first execution respectively 4A to 4C or 5A to 5C or 6A and 6B in a first variant of a force-coupled head restraint side cheek 140 exemplified by the first embodiment 1A . 1B ,

Between basic carrier element 120 (not visible) and baffle element 130 An additional seventh lever H7 is arranged on a headrest side bolster 141 the headrest sidewall 140 accesses. The seventh lever H7 is on both the basic carrier element 120 , as well as on the headrest side support bracket 141 arranged rotatably mounted.

The headrest side bolster 141 on the other hand is in a backdrop 142 , the side of the impact element 130 is executed, stored.

By this arrangement is the headrest side bolster 141 rotatably mounted about a rotation axis y.

The headrest side cheeks 140 are in the position shown in 7 already partially rotated around the Y-axis, as the baffle element 130 has already moved from the end-side headrest comfort position I in a headrest crash position II.

In the end head restraint comfort position I - not shown - is the upper pivot point of the headrest side bolster 141 in the scenery 142 on the right side of the scenery 142 arranged.

When extending the baffle element 130 due to comfort or due to a crash from the head restraint comfort position I headrest crash position II, the seventh lever H7 together with the other levers of the lever assembly H and the joints G, not shown, ensures that the headrest side member support 141 displaced counterclockwise about the axis of rotation y. In this case, the upper pivot point of the headrest side bolster becomes 141 at the beginning of the rotary motion, initially in the scenery 142 moved to the left.

During this shift in the backdrop 142 occurs despite the movement of the baffle plate 130 initially no twisting of the headrest sidewalls 140 ,

Depending on the design of the scenery 142 and the lever ratios of the lever assembly H, the design of the baffle element 130 and the seventh lever H7 is the corresponding dependence of the rotational movement of the headrest side bolster 141 and thus the head rest side cheek 140 inside the headrest 100 designed or determined A more detailed explanation takes place in connection with the 10 ,

A headrest comfort position I after 2A . 2 B respectively 3A . 3B in a second variant in a force-coupled head restraint side cheek 140 is in 8A . 8B shown.

The details of this illustrated with the second embodiment second variant of a force-coupled headrest side cheek 140 are also denoted by the same reference numerals in the 9A . 9B shown. At a fourth lever H4 of the lever assembly H is a lever extension, referred to as eighth lever H8 arranged. At the end of the lever extension H8 is a slide pin 143 arranged, in turn, in a headrest sidewall support 141 in a backdrop 142 intervenes. The headrest side bolster 141 then wear the headrest side bolster 140 Here, too, depending on the design (location, shape, length) of the backdrop 142 a interpretable rotational movement of the headrest side cheek 140 depending on the adjustment movement of the baffle element 130 allows.

The headrest side bolster 141 is rotatable at the top of the baffle element 130 stored and rotatably mounted in the lower region on the arranged on the y-axis rotation shaft.

According to 8A is the scenery cone 143 initially in the lower area of the backdrop 142 arranged so that an adjustment movement of the baffle element 130 here, too, initially no rotational movement of the headrest side cheek 140 causes, as the scenery pin 143 initially within the backdrop 141 moves upwards.

Once the slide pin 143 the upper end of the scenery 142 has achieved, is the lever extension H8 of the head rest side beam support 141 counterclockwise about the axis of rotation y, in accordance with 8b shifted to the front. This results in the second variant, described with reference to the second embodiment, also a crash headrest 100 or a precrash headrest 100 with lateral comfort function of the headrests side cheek 140 similar to the solution 7 ,

Both solutions allow a partial sequential movement of the headrest side cheek 140 in forced coupling with the baffle plate 130 ,

Essentially, the headrest side cheek is rotated during rotation 140 about the y-axis of rotation a displacement in the x and z directions of the headrest side bolster 141 in z-direction down and the baffle element 130 in z-direction upwards.

To 10 becomes visible that the baffle element 130 percentage between 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the x-direction forward and z-direction is displaced upward. Between the initial position and the 25% position, there is initially no displacement of the head restraint side cheek in the initial area due to the described gate function 140 but then after a 25% shift but a twist of the headrest side cheek 140 made for example 25.8 °, which is already a 66% twistability of the headrest side cheek 140 equivalent.

Depending on the design of the scenery 142 So can the percentage displacement (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) of the impact element 130 a corresponding percentage twist (66%, 86.6%, 96.6% and 100%) of the head restraint side cheeks 140 - at 25,8 °, 33,96 °, 37,7 °, 39,2 twist from the initial position 0 ° -, as indicated in 10 be assigned.

In principle, however, there is also the possibility in a third embodiment of separate adjustment movements of baffle element 130 and headrest sidewall 140 provide without positive coupling, this possibility over several respective baffle element 130 or headrest sidewall 140 assigned drives same or different drive type can be realized.

These possible third embodiment is in claim 11 formulated.

There is a possibility the baffle plate 130 abruptly in the event of a crash or pre-crash triggering or in a comfort function with a presettable speed and an arranged drive for the impact element 130 at the appropriate time with a switchable coupling for the headrest side cheeks 140 to switch on.

An additional feature will be in 11 shown, namely that the baffle element 130 when leaving the end-side headrest comfort position I between the body of the basic carrier element 120 and body of the baffle element 130 if necessary leaves a gap. For this purpose, according to the invention a foldable headrest cover 112 provided, which ensures that in the headrest crash position II and also as intermediate comfort position between the headrest comfort position I and the headrest crash position II executable position, the headrest 100 or occlusive cover is present.

As already explained, the headrest side cheeks 140 positively coupled with the baffle plate 130 be moved, where previously an adjustment of the headrest side cheek 140 has been described, in which the headrest side cheek 140 about a y-axis transverse to the direction of travel is displaced.

The 12A . 12B provide a first and second principle possibility of displacement of the headrest side cheeks 140 in the x-direction or xy-direction.

According to 12A is also the first option, the headrest side cheek 140 either positively coupled or independent of the baffle plate 130 in or reversibly shift towards the direction of travel. According to 12A a so-called "straight arrangement" is shown, in which the headrest side cheek 140 , can be displaced in accordance with the arrow shown in or against an x-direction.

According to 12B There is also the second possibility of a so-called "oblique arrangement", so that the headrest side cheek 140 both in the x-direction and in the y-direction, according to the in 12B shown arrow is displaceable. Assuming a total width B _{tot of} the headrest 100 from width of the baffle plate 130 and the rear width of the two headrest side cheeks 140 is the front width of the respective head rest side cheek 140 For example, 10-20% of the total width B _{ges of} the headrest 100 , wherein this front width of the respective headrest side cheek 140 for example 40-60 mm.

The displacement of the head restraints side cheeks 140 takes place here in the xy direction at a predeterminable angle of about 10-30 °.

The 13A . 13B show a third principle possibility, such as the headrest side cheeks 140 can be relocated to protect the occupant in a crash or pre-crash situation.

Here is a folding of the head restraints side cheeks 140 around a z-axis in the x-direction.

13A shows the baffle plate 130 with a first adjusting member V1 and a second adjusting member V2, which are designed as a kind of folding lever. When triggered, as previously described, the baffle plate 130 displaced in the x direction and at the same time the adjusting members V1, V2 to the respective z-folding axes, as in 13B shown, worked in x-direction. The 13A . 13B show additionally a headrest pad 150 which is located in 13A still in zero position 0 and in 13B deviating from the zero position in the x-direction, here -x-direction, has been shifted. This adjustment movement of the adjusting V1, V2 and the baffle element 130 is reversible executable over the arranged drives depending on the drive type. This of course also applies to the first and second basic adjustment after the 12A . 12B ,

Of course, it is also conceivable in this solution that the movement of the baffle plate 130 in the x direction with the folding movement of the head restraint side cheeks 140 positively coupled or the headrest side cheeks 140 and the flapper 130 can be moved independently with the same or different drive types.

The 14A and 14B show an analog arrangement as to the 13A and 13B described, however, is in addition to the displaceable headrest side cheeks 140 and the flapper 130 a so-called bending plate 113 arranged, which the investment area and below the headrest pad 150 comparative and a desired contour of the headrest 100 should train. This will eventually noticeable and / or visible transitions between the individual parts of the headrest side cheek 140 or the baffle plate 130 balanced.

Such an arrangement of a bending plate 113 also offers the solution after the 12A and 12B such as 13A . 13B on, with the 15A and 15B exemplified the arrangement of the bending plate 113 according to the first option, according to 12A in the "straight arrangement" clarify.

How out 15B becomes clear, it comes both to a displacement of the baffle plate 130 in the x-direction and to a displacement of the headrest side cheeks 140 in the x-direction with simultaneous expression of the shape of the bending plate 113 ,

Of course, here again, a forced coupling or independently executable adjusting the baffle element 130 opposite the headrest side cheeks 140 executable with the same or different drive types.

The 16A and 16B shows a headrest 200. in the pneumatic version with the reference numeral 200. is provided in headrest comfort position I with a pneumatic drive variant according to the prior art. All in connection with the pneumatic headrest 200. explained or illustrated components are denoted by reference numerals 200. ff. marked.

In most cases, according to the prior art, between a baffle element 230 and a base support member 220 a pneumatic drive, for example in the form of a pneumatic air cushion 261 executed.

In 16B However, it is also visible that the head K of an occupant on the impact element on the impact element 230 the headrest 200. is insufficiently secured in the y-direction.

According to the invention, a solution according to the 17A and 17B offered, in which a head K of the occupant in the event of triggering a lateral guidance to support the head K receives.

This also results in an added benefit, which is that a comfortable rest position of the head K to the headrest 200. regardless of the trigger case is given.

Previous solutions use pyrotechnic drives that at least in the x-direction a leading the headrest 200. towards the head K of the occupant, but these systems are not reversible with pyrotechnic drives.

The Invention now proposes a pneumatic reversible example System before, because of advances in sensor technology Tripping events even predicted and as before when Occurrence of the crash can be detected directly.

In the case of precrasherfassung are thus "slower" and thus less aggressive drive options such as a pneumatic drive 260 in the form of a pneumatic air cushion 261 or other drive options according to claims 4 to 8 can be used.

In the event of a crash, as a triggering event or also with a corresponding speed in the event of a crash, as a triggering event, the following events occur 17A . 17B the pneumatic air cushions 261 filled and thereby change their shape. The headrest 200. In addition, while driving by the occupant About the variable pressure in the air cushion 261 adapted and shaped to give the occupant a comfortable position between Kopfstüt zen comfort position I and headrest crash position II to allow.

As 18 shows is, for example, a controller 263 arranged in the vehicle, which is a Precrashsensorsignal 264 or a crash sensor signal is received, after which air in a pressure accumulator 262 is available to the air cushion 261 inflate abruptly or after a predetermined speed or is vented again after the triggering case or within a desired comfort adjustment.

The accumulator 262 is accordingly a pneumatic pump or the like 260 assigned, so that the accumulator 262 always charged accordingly to the air cushions 261 according to a design between pressure accumulator 262 and air cushions 261 inflate abruptly or in a predetermined speed or vent.

For comfort adjustment is a manual control signal 265 which commands from a control point near the seat occupant receives the corresponding signals via the control unit 263 to the accumulator 262 controlled, so that a comfort adjustment is possible, regardless of the trigger case, the air cushion 261 between a headrest comfort position I and a headrest crash position II to inflate or vent.

Finally, the show 19 . 19A and 19B in a respective representation of a crash-active or precrashaktive comfort headrest with the reference numeral 300 , which for the illustrated drive variant of a drive on shape memory basis 360 was chosen.

All in connection with the headrest 300 explained or illustrated components are denoted by reference numerals 300 ff. marked.

19 shows first the schematic diagram of the headrest 300 , with a headrest side cheek, not shown 340 can be equipped.

Between a baffle element 330 and a base support member 320 In turn, a lever assembly with levers H1 to H4 and a hinge assembly G with joints G1 to G4 and G8 executed.

A component based on a shape memory alloy 360 as a drive is arranged between at least two lever elements H1, H2, H3, H4 of the lever and joint assembly H, G, said component 360 undergoes a geometric change in shape due to a temperature-induced influence starting from a low-temperature mold or a high-temperature mold.

At a temperature-induced elongation of the shape memory alloy drive 360 - The lever assembly H works together - is the baffle 330 retracted and at a temperature-induced shortening - the lever assembly H flips open - is the baffle element 330 extended accordingly.

Depending on which behavior the shape memory alloy drive 360 was trained temperature-induced elongation or temperature-induced shortening, the provision is made by an external force.

Here is a passive return actuator system or for example by an active the provision accomplishing drive system by at least one - not shown - spring element or the like can be realized.

An active reset system, a spring element, is activated during heating or cooling of the component 360 was tensioned and serves after withdrawal of the temperature-induced influence heating or cooling to bring the lever H via the joint assembly G back to its original position.

A passive defaulting drive system are all possible drive solutions that provide a lever arm H pitch adjustment movement via the shape memory alloy drive 360 register and after appropriate control a provision of the baffle element 330 or the positively coupled or optionally independent of the baffle element 330 displaceable headrest sidewalls 340 cause.

In 19A respectively 19B is in a first or second alternative embodiment, the arrangement of this shape-memory alloy based component 360 , Within a scissors-like lever assembly H, the joints G1 to G4, with that on the baffle element 330 or the basic carrier element 320 are hingedly connected.

One Eighth joint G8 here connects the levers H1 to H4 after the first and second alternative alternative scissor-like and articulated together.

19A shows in the first alternative embodiment, the arrangement of the first and fourth Ge steering G1, G4 in fixed bearings FL, while the second and third joint G2, G3 freely pivotable on the impact element 330 or the basic carrier element 320 is arranged.

According to 19A leads in the first alternative embodiment, a change in length of the drive on shape memory alloy 360 to a displacement of the second and third joint G2, G3 relative to the baffle element 330 or the basic carrier element 320 ,

To 19B in the second alternative embodiment, the first and third hinges G1 and G3 are relative to the baffle element 330 or the basic carrier element 320 displaced, since here the second and fourth joint G2 and G4 via fixed flanges FL on the one hand to the basic support element 320 and on the other hand on the baffle element 330 are fixed.

According to 19b leads in the second alternative embodiment, a change in length of the drive on shape memory alloy 360 to a displacement of the first and third joint G1, G3 relative to the baffle element 330 or the basic carrier element 320 ,

100/200/300

headrest

110/210/310

Headrest mount

111

locking rail

112

Headrest cover

113

bending plate

120/220/320

Base support element

130/230/330

baffle [Flapper]

140/240/340

Headrests side bolsters

141/241

Headrests side bolsters support

142

scenery

143

link pin

150/250/350

Headrest pad

160

electromotive drive

170

spindle

180

spindle sleeve

190

Head restraint height adjustment

260

pneumatic drive

261

pneumatic air cushion

262

Compressed air storage

263

control unit

264

Crash / pre-crash sensor

265

control signal

360

drive on a shape memory basis

G

joint arrangement

G1

first joint

G2

second joint

G3

third joint

G4

fourth joint

G5

fifth joint

G6

sixth joint

G7

seventh joint

G8

eighth joint

H

lever assembly

H1

first lever

H2

second lever

H3

third lever

H4

fourth lever

H5

fifth lever

H6

sixth lever

H7

seventh lever

H8

eight Lever (lever extension)

S

Strut assembly taken

S1

left support strut

S2

right support strut

P

reference point EURO-NCAP

FL

fixed bearing

I

comfort position

II

crash position

K

head

V1

first Adjusting element [folding lever]

V2

second Adjusting element [folding lever]

x

axis of rotation around x

y

axis of rotation around y

z

folding axis to z

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005030313 A1 [0002]
• WO 2006/117047 [0003]
• - DE 10128651 A1 [0004]
• - DE 10136827 C1 [0005]
• - DE 19800078 A1 [0006]
• - DE 9420870 [0007]
• DE 102005014549 B4 [0008]

Claims (25)

Headrest ( 100 ) for a vehicle seat with a basic support element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) and a baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ), wherein the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) from its headrest comfort position (I) reversibly after a sensed Precrash- and / or crash case [triggering case] in a closer to the head (K) of a vehicle seat user located headrest crash position (II) by means of a drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ) is movable, characterized in that the drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ) in the headrest ( 100 ), which in the case of triggering a displacement of the headrest ( 100 . 200. . 300 ) by the movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) from the headrest comfort position (I) in the headrest crash position (II) abruptly and / or to change the headrest comfort position (I) causes a predetermined speed. [ 1A to 3B ] Headrest ( 100 ) with headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) for a vehicle seat with a basic support element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) and a baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ), wherein the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) from its headrest comfort position (I) after a sensed Precrash- and / or crash case [triggering case] reversibly in a closer to the head (K) a vehicle seat user located headrest crash position (II) by means of a drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ) is movable, characterized in that the drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ) in the headrest ( 100 ), which in the case of triggering a displacement of the headrest ( 100 ) by the movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) in the head restraint crash position (II) abruptly and / or for changing head restraints comfort position (I) causes a predetermined speed, with the adjusting movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) simultaneously a positively coupled movement of the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) into the head restraint crash position (II) of the headrest side cheeks (II) which laterally holds the head (K) of the vehicle seat user ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) connected is. [ 4A to 11 ] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ) is a pyrotechnic drive for the sudden execution of the adjustment. Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ), with which a sudden or a predefinable speed of the adjustment movement can be realized, as an electric motor ( 160 ) is trained drive. Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ), with which a sudden or a predeterminable speed of the adjustment movement can be realized, is a drive designed as a piezomotor. Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ), with which a sudden or a predefinable speed of the adjustment movement can be realized, a pneumatic drive ( 260 ). Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ), with which a sudden or a predeterminable speed of the adjustment movement can be realized, is a hydraulic drive. Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the headrest ( 100 ) arranged drive ( 160 . 260 . 360 ), with which a sudden or a predefinable speed of the adjustment movement can be realized, a drive based on shape memory alloys ( 360 ). Headrest according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between the basic support element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) and the impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ), one, the desired adjustment permitting lever and joint assembly (H, G) is formed. [ 1A to 11 ] Headrest according to claim 9, characterized in that in each case two joints (G1, G2, G3, G4) on the basic support element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) and two joints (G1, G2, G3, G4) on the impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) are arranged and the joints (G1, G2, G3, G4) like a lever, forming a trapezium of levers (H1, H2, H3, H4), are interconnected. [ 1A to 11 ] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2 and one of claims 3 to 7 and 9 or 10, characterized in that between the basic support element ( 120 . 220 . 330 ) and the impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) an additional support strut arrangement (S) with at least one support strut (S1, S2) is formed, which via a fifth joint (G5) via a Spindle / spindle sleeve combination ( 170 . 180 ) on the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) is longitudinally displaceable and articulated, wherein the at least one support strut (S1, S2) on the one hand on the on the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 330 ) stored spindle ( 170 ) on a spindle sleeve ( 180 ) and on the other hand via a sixth joint (G6) hinged to the impact element ( 130 ) is arranged so that a on the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) fixed drive, according to one of claims 3 to 7, the spindle ( 170 ), whereby the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) over the at least one of the impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) On the other hand articulated support strut (S1, S2) on the trapezoidal lever assembly (H) reversibly from the headrest comfort position (I) in the headrest crash position (II) is displaced. [ 1A . 1B - first version - and 6A and 6B ] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2 and one of claims 3 to 7 and 9 or 10, characterized in that between at least two joints (G1, G2, G3, G4) a spindle / Spindelhülsenkombination ( 170 . 180 ) is arranged, whose at least one spindle sleeve ( 180 ) via a moving during the adjusting movement centered on the spindle ( 170 ) arranged drive, according to one of claims 3 to 7, on which by the drive rotating spindle ( 170 ) is movable, so that the trapezoidal lever assembly (H) is reversibly displaced from the headrest comfort position (I) in the headrest crash position (II). [ 2A . 2 B - second version -] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2 and one of claims 3 to 7 and 9 or 10, characterized in that between at least two joints (G1, G2, G3, G4) a spindle / Spindelhülsenkombination ( 170 . 180 ) is arranged, whose at least one spindle sleeve ( 180 ) via a moving during the adjusting movement centered on the spindle ( 170 ) arranged drive, according to one of claims 3 to 7, on which by the drive rotating spindle ( 170 ) is movable, so that the trapezoidal lever assembly (H) is reversibly displaced from the headrest comfort position (I) in the headrest crash position (II), at the same time at least one support strut (S1, S2) of the support strut assembly (S) automatically to secure of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) preferably in the upper region of the headrest ( 100 ) contributes. [ 3A . 3B alternative execution of 2A . 2 B ] Headrest according to one of claims 11 to 13; characterized in that spindle / spindle sleeve combination ( 170 . 180 ) is a self-locking system, and the provision of a change in direction of the respective drive, according to one of claims 3 to 7, can be accomplished. Headrest according to at least one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the positively coupled movement of the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) into which the head (K) of the vehicle seat user laterally retaining head restraint crash position (II) is executable, in which in the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) a backdrop ( 142 ) is arranged, in which a slide pin ( 143 ) one via a seventh lever (H7) with the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) articulated headrest sidewall support ( 141 ) engages, so that the adjustment by the movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) a rotation about an axis of rotation (y) of the headrest side bolster ( 141 ) enforces. [ 7 ] Headrest according to at least one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the positively coupled movement of the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) from the headrest comfort position (I) in which the head (K) of the vehicle seat user laterally retaining headrest crash position (II) is executable, in which at least one lever element (H1, H2, H3, H4) of the lever assembly (H) at least a lever extension (H8) with a to a headrest side bolster ( 141 ) outwardly directed sliding pins ( 143 ), which is in a backdrop ( 142 ) of the headrest side bolster ( 141 ) engages, so that the adjustment by the movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) a rotation about an axis of rotation (y) of the headrest side bolster ( 141 ) enforces. [ 8A . 8B . 9A . 9B ] Headrest according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the position and / or shape and / or length of the backdrop ( 141 ) in the headrest side bolster ( 141 ) for the design of the rotational movement about the axis of rotation (y) as a function of the adjustment path between impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) and basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) can be specified. [ 10 ] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for bridging an open area between the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) and the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) in the upper area of the headrest ( 100 ) a cover ( 112 ) is provided. [ 11 ] Headrest according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that, independently of or dependent on the adjustment movement of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) a movement of the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) into the head restraint crash position (II) of the headrest side cheeks (II) which laterally holds the head (K) of the vehicle seat user ( 140 . 240 . 340 ), wherein the movement as a rotational movement about an axis of rotation (y) or a folding axis (z) or as a rectified movement in an x-direction [even] or as movement in an xy-direction [obliquely] is executable. [ 12A . 12B ] Headrest according to claim 19, characterized in that in a dependent movement of the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) into the head restraint crash position (II) that laterally holds the head (K) of the vehicle seat user for the movement of the headrest side bolsters ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) separate drives, are arranged according to one of claims 3 to 8, and the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) - not positively coupled - but depending on the adjustment path of the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 120 . 220 . 320 ) over which the baffle element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) adjusting drives, according to one of claims 3 to 8, are displaceable. Headrest according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting movement of the baffle element ( 230 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 220 ) and a training of headrest side cheeks ( 240 ) from the head restraint comfort position (I) into the head restraint crash position (II) of the headrest side cheeks (II) which laterally holds the head (K) of the vehicle seat user ( 240 ) is accomplished by one or more pneumatic air pockets or air bags ( 261 ) between basic carrier element ( 220 ) and baffle element ( 230 ) as well as on the head rest side cheeks ( 240 ) - are directed towards the head (K) of the occupant - which are reversible in case of release from a rest position to a crash position pneumatically inflated or deflated. [ 17A . 17B ] Headrest according to claim 1 or 2 or according to claims 1 and 19 and 8 to 10, characterized in that a component based on a shape memory alloy (FIG. 360 ) between at least two lever elements (H1, H2, H3, H4) of the lever and joint assembly (H, G) is arranged, which undergoes a geometric shape change by a temperature-induced influence from a low-temperature mold or a high-temperature mold. [ 19 . 19A . 19B ] Headrest according to claim 22, characterized in that in the case of triggering an adjustment of the headrest ( 100 ) by the movement of the baffle element ( 330 ) and / or the headrest side cheeks ( 340 ) relative to the basic carrier element ( 320 ) from the headrest comfort position (I) in the headrest crash position (II) abruptly and / or to change the headrest comfort position (I) with a predetermined speed is effected by the temperature-induced from a shape memory alloy component from its low-temperature form a high-temperature mold or vice versa is transferred. [ 19 . 19A . 19B ] Headrest according to claim 23, characterized in that a provision of the baffle element ( 330 ) and / or the headrest side cheeks ( 340 ) is enforceable by an externally acting force or by a passive propulsion system providing the return or by an active drive system effecting the return by at least one spring element which has been tensioned during heating or cooling of the component. [ 19 . 19A . 19B ] Headrest according to one of claims 2 to 24, characterized in that for contour adaptation of the headrest pad ( 150 / 250 / 350 ) a the impact element ( 130 . 230 . 330 ) and the headrest side cheeks ( 140 . 240 . 340 ) covering bending plate ( 113 ) is arranged. [ 14A . 14B . 15A . 15B ]