DE102007029921B3 - Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea - Google Patents

Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea Download PDF

Info

Publication number
DE102007029921B3
DE102007029921B3 DE102007029921A DE102007029921A DE102007029921B3 DE 102007029921 B3 DE102007029921 B3 DE 102007029921B3 DE 102007029921 A DE102007029921 A DE 102007029921A DE 102007029921 A DE102007029921 A DE 102007029921A DE 102007029921 B3 DE102007029921 B3 DE 102007029921B3
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
energy
floats
sea
fresh water
island
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE102007029921A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter Nowak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE102007029921A priority Critical patent/DE102007029921B3/en
Priority to DE112008002304T priority patent/DE112008002304A5/en
Priority to PCT/DE2008/001035 priority patent/WO2009000249A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE102007029921B3 publication Critical patent/DE102007029921B3/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J1/00—Arrangements of installations for producing fresh water, e.g. by evaporation and condensation of sea water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • B63H2021/171—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor making use of photovoltaic energy conversion, e.g. using solar panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/70—Waterborne solar heat collector modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/141—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
    • Y02T70/5236—Renewable or hybrid-electric solutions

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

Es ist bekannt, eine große Anzahl von Photovoltaik-Modulen oder Windenergieanlagen an küstennahen Orten oder auf Schwimmkörpern aufzustellen und damit Energie zu erzeugen. Mit dieser Energie können Meerwasserentsalzungsanlagen betrieben werden, die aus dem Meerwasser dann Trinkwasser erzeugen. Eine entscheidende Verbesserung ist es, Energie- und Trinkwasser auf einer halbtauchenden, drehbar verankerten Insel zu produzieren. Ein Hohlkörper (1) trägt eine Fläche, auf der die Photovoltaik-Module (2) und Windkonverter (9) aufgestellt sind. Im Hohlkörper befinden sich alle Aggregate, Energiespeicher und Strom- und Wasserleitungen, die zum Betrieb der Anlage nötig sind. Im Zentrum des Rings ist die Aufhängung für die Verankerung (3) frei drehbar angebracht. Getragen wird die Insel durch mindestens 3 Schwimmkörper (6), die zum Ausgleich der unterschiedlichen Beladung der Insel und zur Erhöhung der Stabilität bei Seegang geflutet oder wieder entleert (6a) werden können. An den Schwimmkörpern befinden sich Motoren (8), die eine automatische Ausrichtung auf den Sonnenstand und so eine Erhöhung der Energieausbeute ermöglichen. Die Schwimmkörper und ihre Halterungen (7) sind hydrodynamisch günstig geformt und um die Hoachachse drehbar an der Plattform angebracht. Durch geeignete Grundrissformen ist es möglich, mehrere Inseln stabil zu koppeln und somit den Energie- und Süßwasserertrag zu vervielfachen. Die Vorrichtung ermöglicht die Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung im Meer, ...It is known to set up a large number of photovoltaic modules or wind turbines at coastal locations or floats and thus to generate energy. With this energy, seawater desalination plants can be operated, which then produce drinking water from the seawater. A key improvement is to produce energy and drinking water on a semi-submersible, rotatably anchored island. A hollow body (1) carries a surface on which the photovoltaic modules (2) and wind converter (9) are placed. The hollow body contains all aggregates, energy storage and power and water pipes, which are necessary for the operation of the plant. In the center of the ring, the suspension for the anchorage (3) is freely rotatably mounted. The island is supported by at least 3 floating bodies (6), which can be flooded or emptied (6a) in order to compensate for the different loading of the island and to increase stability in rough seas. The floats are motors (8), which allow automatic alignment with the sun and thus increasing the energy yield. The floats and their brackets (7) are hydrodynamically shaped favorable and rotatably attached to the hoach axis on the platform. By suitable layouts, it is possible to couple several islands stable and thus multiply the energy and fresh water yield. The device allows energy and fresh water production in the sea, ...

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine halbtauchende Insel zur Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung, die durch spezielle Anordnung und Vorrichtungen eine hohe Energieausbeute und Wasserproduktion erbringt und damit dem Klimawandel und dem Wassermangel entgegenwirkt.The The invention relates to a semi-submersible island for energy and freshwater production, the special arrangement and devices a high energy yield and water production and thus climate change and water scarcity counteracts.

Es ist bekannt, eine große Anzahl von Photovoltaik-Modulen oder Windenergieanlagen an küstennahen Orten aufzustellen und damit in sonnenreichen Ländern Energie und/oder Wasser zu erzeugen. Mit dieser Energie können so genannte Umkehrosmoseanlagen betrieben werden, die aus dem Meerwasser dann Trinkwasser erzeugen. Ferner ist bekannt, den Energieertrag der Photovoltaik-Module durch Nachführanlagen zu erhöhen, die aufwändig und teuer sind. Zusätzlich nachteilig ist daran, dass derartige Anlagen in oder in der Nähe von Siedlungen als störend empfunden werden, im anderen Fall aber lange Zu- und Ableitungen nötig werden. Weiterhin ist die Entsorgung der konzentrierten Salzlauge bei den an Land errichteten Anlagen ein Problem.It is known, a big one Number of photovoltaic modules or wind turbines near the coast Places and thus in sunny countries energy and / or water to create. With this energy, so-called reverse osmosis systems can operated, which then produce drinking water from the seawater. Furthermore, it is known that the energy yield of the photovoltaic modules tracking systems to increase, the elaborate and are expensive. additionally The disadvantage is that such facilities in or near settlements as disturbing be felt in the other case, but long supply and discharge lines are needed. Furthermore, the Disposal of concentrated brine in land-based Plants a problem.

Ferner ist bekannt, Solar- und Windkraftanlagen auf Schiffen zu installieren, um Energie und Süßwasser zu erzeugen (Hochseesegler nutzen diese Technik bereits seit ca. 1980, Zitat: Fachzeitschrift „Yacht"). Ferner ist aus der Patentschrift US 2002/0182946 A1 bekannt, derartige Anlagen auf einem Schwimmkörper zu errichten.Furthermore, it is known to install solar and wind turbines on ships to produce energy and fresh water (high sea sailors use this technique since about 1980, quote: trade magazine "yacht") US 2002/0182946 A1 known to build such facilities on a float.

Schiffe oder Schwimmkörper auf der Wasseroberfläche haben jedoch mehrere Nachteile:
Bei Stürmen und Orkanen (oder sog. Monsterwellen), die durch den Klimawandel immer häufiger auftreten, werden sie durch Wind und Wellen hohen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt, die die Verankerung aus dem Grund reißen oder gar bis zur Zerstörung der gesamten Struktur führen können. Starke Wasserströmungen können durch den hohen Wasserwiderstand das Nachführen der Solarmodule beeinflussen oder gar verhindern.However, ships or floats on the water surface have several disadvantages:
In storms and hurricanes (or so-called monster waves), which occur more frequently due to climate change, they are exposed to high loads by wind and waves, which can tear the anchorage from the ground or even lead to the destruction of the entire structure. Strong water currents can influence or even prevent the tracking of the solar modules due to the high water resistance.

Die bei Stürmen erzeugte Gischt legt sich als Salzfilm auf die Solarzellen und verringert die Energiegewinnung, zusätzlich ist nach jedem Sturm eine aufwändige Reinigung notwendig. Dazu müssen größere Pontons, Schwimmkörper und Mehrrumpfkonstruktionen durch die große benetzte Oberfläche und den damit erzeugten hohen Widerstand zum Einsatzort geschleppt werden und können nicht aus eigener erzeugter Energie dorthin fahren.The in storms generated spray settles on the solar cells as a salt film and decreases the energy production, in addition is an elaborate after every storm Cleaning necessary. To do this larger pontoons, float and multi-hull constructions by the large wetted surface and the thus generated high resistance to be towed to the site and can Do not drive there from your own energy.

Eine entscheidende Verbesserung wäre, Energie- und Trinkwasser mit geeigneten Anlagen, die speziell für diesen Zweck gestaltet werden, direkt im Meer zu erzeugen und dann den Abnehmern zuzuführen, wobei diese Vorrichtungen durch getauchte Schwimmer die Solarplattform und Windenergieanlagen weit über dem Wasserspiegel tragen und so dem Wasser und den Wellen weniger Widerstand entgegenbringen.A decisive improvement would be Energy and drinking water with suitable equipment specifically for this Purpose designed to generate directly in the sea and then the Supply customers, these devices by submerged floats the solar platform and wind turbines far beyond carry the water level and so the water and the waves less To resist.

Der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, eine über dem Meer von Schwimmern getragene Plattform zu errichten, die einen hohen Energie- und Trinkwasserertrag ermöglicht und die mittels den eigenen Antrieben und dem geringen Wasserwiderstand selbständig von der Werft zum Bestimmungsort bewegt werden kann.Of the The invention defined in claim 1 is based on the idea one over to build a platform carried by the sea of swimmers, the one high energy and drinking water yield possible and by means of own drives and the low water resistance independently of the shipyard can be moved to the destination.

Dieses Problem wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This Problem is solved by the features listed in claim 1 solved.

Die mit der beschriebenen Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass mit geringem Aufwand eine hohe Energie- und Trinkwassererzeugung erreicht wird, die Plattform durch die Bauweise sehr sicher ist und die, durch in oder an den Schwimmern angebrachten Antriebe, dem Sonnenstand nachgeführt werden kann und auch selbst weite Strecken zurücklegen kann.The particular advantages are achieved with the invention described in that with little effort a high energy and drinking water production is reached, the platform is very safe due to the design and the drives mounted in or on the floats, tracking the position of the sun can travel and even travel long distances.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen in 1a und 1b dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben.Two embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings in 1a and 1b and will be described in more detail below.

Im Beispiel 1a trägt ein ringförmiger Hohlkörper (1) eine Fläche, auf der die Photovoltaik-Module (2) angeordnet sind. In Regionen, in denen ein hoher Windenergieanteil zu erwarten ist, können an geeigneter Stelle des Rings (z. B. über den senkrechten Auslegern (7)) Windkonverter (9) installiert werden, um den Energieertrag der Insel zu steigern.In example 1a, an annular hollow body ( 1 ) an area on which the photovoltaic modules ( 2 ) are arranged. In regions where a high proportion of wind energy is to be expected, at a suitable point of the ring (eg above the vertical arms ( 7 )) Wind converter ( 9 ) to increase the energy yield of the island.

Im Hohlkörper befinden sich alle Aggregate, Energiespeicher und Strom- und Wasserleitungen, die zum Betrieb der Anlage nötig sind. Zusätzlich ist der Ringkörper durch eingebaute Schotts ein Auftriebskörper, der die Insel bei Havarie unsinkbar macht. Im Zentrum des Rings ist, wie die Nabe eines Rades, die drehbare Aufhängung für die Verankerung (3) angebracht, die durch die Ankerleine (4) und dem Anker (5) eine stabile Positionierung der Insel gewährleistet. Getragen wird die Insel durch mindestens 3 Schwimmkörper (6), die zum Ausgleich der unterschiedlichen Beladung der Insel und zur Erhöhung der Stabilität bei Seegang geflutet oder wieder entleert (6a) werden können. Zusätzlich kann dadurch die Höhe der Plattform über dem Wasser der Wellenhöhe angepasst werden. Die Schwimmkörper werden durch senkrechte Ausleger (7) gehalten. Die Höhe der Insel über dem Wasser sollte im Betrieb größer sein, als die lokal zu erwartende maximale Wellenhöhe, um die Plattform in allen Bedingungen über Wasser zu halten (also z. B. in Regionen, in denen Monsterwellen auftreten > 30 m). Der Querschnitt der senkrechten Ausleger sollte so gering als möglich gewählt werden, um bei Seegang eine ruhigere Lage zu ermöglichen.The hollow body contains all aggregates, energy storage and power and water pipes, which are necessary for the operation of the plant. In addition, the ring body is built-in bulkhead a buoyancy body, which makes the island unsinkable in case of disaster. At the center of the ring, like the hub of a wheel, is the pivoting suspension for anchoring ( 3 ) attached by the anchor line ( 4 ) and the anchor ( 5 ) ensures a stable positioning of the island. The island is supported by at least 3 floating bodies ( 6 ) flooded or deflated to compensate for the different loading of the island and to increase the stability in rough seas ( 6a ) can be. In addition, this allows the height of the platform above the water to be adjusted to the wave height. The floats are supported by vertical jibs ( 7 ) held. The height of the island above the water during operation should be greater than the locally expected maximum wave height in order to keep the platform afloat in all conditions (eg, in regions where it is located) monster waves occur> 30 m). The cross section of the vertical boom should be as small as possible to allow for a quieter seaway.

An den Schwimmkörpern befinden sich die Motoren (8), die eine automatische Ausrichtung auf den Sonnenstand und so eine Erhöhung der Energieausbeute ermöglichen. Die Motoren sind im Idealfall drehbar montiert, damit kann die Insel aus eigener Kraft von der Werft zum Bestimmungsort, oder von einem Einsatz zum anderen fahren. In diesem Fall ist es zur Reduzierung des Wasserwiderstandes von Vorteil, die Schwimmkörper völlig von Ballast zu entleeren, um die benetzte Oberfläche zu verringern und die Plattform erst wieder am Einsatzort abzusenken.On the floats are the engines ( 8th ), which allow an automatic alignment to the sun's position and thus an increase in the energy yield. Ideally, the motors are rotatably mounted, allowing the island to travel from the shipyard to its destination, or from one mission to another, on its own. In this case, it is advantageous to reduce the water resistance, to empty the floats completely from ballast, to reduce the wetted surface and lower the platform again at the site.

Mit der Leitung (10) können schließlich Energie und/oder Wasser zu den Verbrauchern transportiert werden.With the line ( 10 Finally, energy and / or water can be transported to consumers.

Eine zusätzliche vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 2 angegeben.A additional advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim 2 specified.

Wie in 1b dargestellt, trägt ein im Grundriss sechseckiger Hohlkörper (1) mit beliebigem Querschnitt, der mit strömungsgünstigen Auslegern und Schwimmern (7, 6) versehen ist, die Plattform. Die Schwimmer (6) sind mit den Auslegern (7) zusammen drehbar und funktionieren bei Überführungsfahrten als Lateralflächen, was ein Kreuzen gegen den Wind ermöglicht, während sie im stationären Zustand vor Anker den Wasserströmungen nur geringen Widerstand bieten.As in 1b represented, carries in the plan hexagonal hollow body ( 1 ) of any cross-section, with aerodynamic outriggers and floats ( 7 . 6 ), the platform. The floats ( 6 ) are with the interpreters ( 7 ) rotatable together and function as lateral surfaces during transfer travel, allowing cruising against the wind, while in the steady state at anchor they offer little resistance to the water currents.

In den Schwimmern sind Hohlräume (6a), die geflutet und auch wieder entleert werden können und so die Höhe der Plattform über der Wasseroberfläche bestimmen oder Beladungs-Asymmetrien ausgleichen.In the floats are cavities ( 6a ), which can be flooded and emptied again, and thus determine the height of the platform above the water surface or compensate for loading asymmetries.

Die Motoren (8) sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in den Schwimmern integriert. Zur Erhöhung der Schwimmstabilität hat dieses Ausführungsbeispiel vergrößertes Volumen über den Auslegern.The motors ( 8th ) are integrated in the floats in this embodiment. To increase the floating stability, this embodiment has increased volume over the arms.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 3 angegeben. Es sind hier geometrische Grundrissformen der Insel angesprochen, die eine Kombination von mehreren Einzelelementen zu einem großen Verbund mit entsprechend hoher Leistung erlauben (2).A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 3. Geometric floor plans of the island are addressed here, which allow a combination of several individual elements to form a large network with correspondingly high performance ( 2 ).

Einfache Grundformen sind ein gleichseitiges Dreieck (11) oder das Quadrat (13), aus denen durch einfache Koppelung eine große Anzahl von Inseln kombiniert werden können (12, 14) und so die Leistung vervielfacht werden kann.Simple basic shapes are an equilateral triangle ( 11 ) or the square ( 13 ), from which by simple coupling a large number of islands can be combined ( 12 . 14 ) and so the performance can be multiplied.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Form ist das Sechseck als Grundriss (15), das bei einfachen Konstruktions- und Baubedingungen gleich mehrere Vorteile bietet und zu großen Verbänden gekoppelt werden kann (16).A particularly advantageous form is the hexagon as floor plan ( 15 ), which offers several advantages in simple design and construction conditions and can be coupled into large associations ( 16 ).

Es ergibt sich eine hohe Sicherheit durch Verwendung von sechs Schwimmkörpern (6) an den Eckpunkten für jede einzelne Insel, hohe Stabilität bei gleichzeitiger hoher Flexibilität des kompletten Verbundes, dargestellt in 3. In dieser Zeichnung sind drei mit Gelenken (17) gekoppelte Inseln bei hohem Seegang dargestellt (zur Vereinfachung ohne Windkraftwerke, die bei der Koppelung von erfindungsgemäßen Inseln ohnehin anders positioniert werden müssen).The result is a high level of security by using six floats ( 6 ) at the corner points for each island, high stability combined with high flexibility of the complete composite, shown in 3 , In this drawing are three with joints ( 17 ) coupled islands at high sea state (for simplicity without wind power plants, which must be positioned differently in the coupling of islands according to the invention anyway).

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 4 angegeben. In manchen Regionen mit hohen Windstärken kann es nötig sein, die Inseln oder die Verbände mit 2 oder mehreren Ankern stabil zu positionieren. Diese Anordnung ist in 4 dargestellt. In diesem Fall ist es nötig, das gesamte Deck, auf dem die Photovoltaikmodule angebracht sind, drehbar zu gestalten (18).A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 4. In some regions with high winds, it may be necessary to stably position the islands or formations with 2 or more anchors. This arrangement is in 4 shown. In this case, it is necessary to make the entire deck on which the photovoltaic modules are mounted rotatable ( 18 ).

Claims (4)

Vorrichtung zur Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung im Meer, die mit Photovoltaikmodulen, Windkraft- und Meerwasserentsalzungsanlagen versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass: a) flutbare Schwimmer vorgesehen sind, durch die die getragene Plattform in unterschiedliche Höhe über die Wasseroberfläche gebracht werden kann und b) an oder in den Schwimmern drehbare Antriebsmotoren zur Ausrichtung der Insel auf den Sonnenwinkel angebracht sind und c) die Vorrichtung eine zentrale, frei drehbare Verankerung aufweist.Device for generating energy and fresh water in the sea, which is provided with photovoltaic modules, wind power and desalination plants, characterized in that: a) floatable floats are provided, through which the supported platform can be brought to different heights above the water surface and b) on or in the floats rotatable drive motors for aligning the island are mounted on the sun angle and c) the device has a central, freely rotatable anchoring. Vorrichtung zur Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung im Meer nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Schwimmer und ihre Halterungen um die Hochachse drehbar an der Plattform angebracht sind.Device for generating energy and fresh water in the sea Claim 1, wherein the floats and their brackets rotatable about the vertical axis attached to the platform. Vorrichtung zur Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung im Meer nach Anspruch 1 und 2, die einen drei-, vier- oder sechseckigen Grundriss aufweist, um aus einzelnen Plattformen durch Ankoppelung einen großen Verband mit vielfacher Leistung zu formen.Device for generating energy and fresh water in the sea Claims 1 and 2, which have a three, four or hexagonal floor plan has to turn off individual platforms by coupling a large bandage to shape with multiple performance. Vorrichtung zur Energie- und Süßwassererzeugung im Meer nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, bei der das gesamte Deck, das die Photovoltaikmodule trägt, drehbar zur Ausrichtung nach dem Sonnenstand gestaltet ist.Device for generating energy and fresh water in the sea Claims 1 to 3, wherein the entire deck, the photovoltaic modules carries, rotatable designed to align with the position of the sun.
DE102007029921A 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea Expired - Fee Related DE102007029921B3 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007029921A DE102007029921B3 (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea
DE112008002304T DE112008002304A5 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-19 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea
PCT/DE2008/001035 WO2009000249A2 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-19 Device for energy and fresh water generation in the sea

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007029921A DE102007029921B3 (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE102007029921B3 true DE102007029921B3 (en) 2008-11-20

Family

ID=39869071

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE102007029921A Expired - Fee Related DE102007029921B3 (en) 2007-06-28 2007-06-28 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea
DE112008002304T Withdrawn DE112008002304A5 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-19 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE112008002304T Withdrawn DE112008002304A5 (en) 2007-06-28 2008-06-19 Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (2) DE102007029921B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009000249A2 (en)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009031256A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-27 Pfirrmann, Thomas, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Floating platform for arranging solar modules on a body of water
ITRA20090041A1 (en) * 2009-11-16 2011-05-17 Elvio Cangini FLOATING PLATFORM FOR PANELS
FR2958382A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-07 Gcmsd Floating platform for use as photovoltaic solar panel support in lacustral solar power plant to produce electricity, has ballast whose lower part is immersed in water to assure ballasting corresponding to orientation of solar panel
EP2457818A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Reducing oscillations in offshore wind turbines
DE102011102005A1 (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-11-22 TETRASAN GmbH Spezialproblemlösungen für Asbestsanierung, Betonsanierung, Denkmalsanierung Floating Electricity Power Station "ZEUS"
FR2988164A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-20 Edmond Balzer Support for solar panels, has circular and continuous element floating on water level, and carrier element located against vertical guide in interior side of circle for guiding rotation movement on structure in horizontal plane
WO2013178202A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Solon Energy Gmbh Photovoltaic system floating on water and having a weighting device
EP2299499B1 (en) 2009-09-17 2014-01-08 TNC Consulting AG Floating photovoltaic unit
WO2014005625A1 (en) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Staubli, Kurath & Partner Ag Floatable solar installation module and solar installation
WO2014056049A1 (en) 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Bilić Josip Device using multiple renewable energy sources (dumres)
WO2014202846A1 (en) 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Innogur Technologies Floating photovoltaic platform
WO2014209210A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Hexicon Ab Floating platform comprising propulsion devices and energy producing plant comprising such a floating platform
DE102013213822A1 (en) 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Takata AG Component arrangement for a steering wheel
WO2016166041A1 (en) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Novaton Erneuerbare Energien Ag Solar energy harvesting system
WO2019020968A1 (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Semisub Systems Ltd Support structure for solar panels over water
CN109495056A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-19 合肥凌山新能源科技有限公司 A kind of angle adjustable integral type power generator based on solar energy and wind energy
DE102018124054A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Claus Tennler Floating and / or storable platform for the assembly of electrical and / or mechanical and / or pneumatic components
EP3693261A1 (en) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-12 Tractebel Overdick GmbH Offshore solar array and a method of constructing the same
EP3760532A4 (en) * 2018-02-26 2021-11-17 Sunny Rich Agric. & Biotech Co., Ltd. Floating type solar power generation equipment stage device
WO2023147973A1 (en) 2022-02-07 2023-08-10 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Offshore wind turbine for freshwater production, wind farm and method for producing freshwater

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102804400A (en) * 2009-06-17 2012-11-28 创新水动力和技术控股私人有限公司 Waterborn Solar Generators
CH706737A2 (en) 2012-07-04 2014-01-15 Tnc Consulting Ag Winter-ready energy recovery plant, particularly floating photovoltaic system.
CN106080997A (en) * 2016-07-15 2016-11-09 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 Marine floating carrying platform and the method for construction of photovoltaic plant
CN107084095B (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-03-26 西北工业大学 A kind of automatic offset electricity generation system of sea wave energy wind energy
CN109178227A (en) * 2018-08-29 2019-01-11 天津大学 A kind of pin-connected panel sea photovoltaic power generation platform and its construction method
IT202000027095A1 (en) 2020-11-12 2022-05-12 Silvano Pinter COMPOSITION AND ARRANGEMENT OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM, WITH DOUBLE EXPOSURE, MOUNTED ON A FLOATING STRUCTURE FOR FRESHWATER MIRRORS, ANCHORED TO THE SHORE WITH ADAPTATIVE SMART STRAP SYSTEMS
CN112339923A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-02-09 西南交通大学 Floating offshore charging platform
IL286961A (en) * 2021-10-04 2023-05-01 Univ Malta Floating offshore structure
CN114960740A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-08-30 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 Pile foundation fixed type supporting structure, offshore floating type photovoltaic power station and method

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3520181A1 (en) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-11 Artur Richard 6000 Frankfurt Greul Floating platform for universal use
DE3934517A1 (en) * 1989-10-17 1991-04-18 Laing Karsten Platform with solar energy converters - is fitted above water body and encloses underneath air chamber a slight overpressure
US20020182946A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Eitaro Tanaka Power generation plant ship
DE10219062A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-11-13 Walter Schopf Facility for offshore wind energy for the open sea has tower with rotating gondola and a storage base for wind turbine having hub and rotor blades to drive generator
JP2006005306A (en) * 2004-06-21 2006-01-05 Sharp Corp Solar energy power generation system
WO2006077999A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Masaharu Kubo Hydrogen producing, storing, transporting, power converting device and method

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR964426A (en) * 1950-08-17
GB2383978B (en) * 2002-01-11 2004-09-08 Dominic Michaelis Platform provided with renewable energy converter systems
FR2837535A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2003-09-26 Doris Engineering Sea based wind generator electricity installation having wind generator horizontal triangular floater placed three taut sections connected marine base part sea floor.
FR2867147B1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2006-10-20 Denis Andre Albert Lagut FLOATING DEVICE FOR CAPTURING THE ENERGY OF SEAS AND CURRENTS

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3520181A1 (en) * 1985-06-05 1986-12-11 Artur Richard 6000 Frankfurt Greul Floating platform for universal use
DE3934517A1 (en) * 1989-10-17 1991-04-18 Laing Karsten Platform with solar energy converters - is fitted above water body and encloses underneath air chamber a slight overpressure
US20020182946A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Eitaro Tanaka Power generation plant ship
DE10219062A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-11-13 Walter Schopf Facility for offshore wind energy for the open sea has tower with rotating gondola and a storage base for wind turbine having hub and rotor blades to drive generator
JP2006005306A (en) * 2004-06-21 2006-01-05 Sharp Corp Solar energy power generation system
WO2006077999A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Masaharu Kubo Hydrogen producing, storing, transporting, power converting device and method

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009031256B4 (en) * 2009-07-01 2012-02-09 Thomas Pfirrmann Floating platform for arranging solar modules on a body of water
DE102009031256A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-27 Pfirrmann, Thomas, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Floating platform for arranging solar modules on a body of water
EP2299499B1 (en) 2009-09-17 2014-01-08 TNC Consulting AG Floating photovoltaic unit
ITRA20090041A1 (en) * 2009-11-16 2011-05-17 Elvio Cangini FLOATING PLATFORM FOR PANELS
WO2011058595A2 (en) 2009-11-16 2011-05-19 Elvio Cangini Floating platform for panels
WO2011058595A3 (en) * 2009-11-16 2011-06-30 Elvio Cangini Floating platform for supporting solar panels
FR2958382A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-07 Gcmsd Floating platform for use as photovoltaic solar panel support in lacustral solar power plant to produce electricity, has ballast whose lower part is immersed in water to assure ballasting corresponding to orientation of solar panel
US9777711B2 (en) 2010-11-25 2017-10-03 Alstom Renewable Technologies Method for reducing oscillations in offshore wind turbines
EP2457818A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Reducing oscillations in offshore wind turbines
WO2012069578A1 (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Method for reducing oscillations in offshore wind turbines
DE102011102005A1 (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-11-22 TETRASAN GmbH Spezialproblemlösungen für Asbestsanierung, Betonsanierung, Denkmalsanierung Floating Electricity Power Station "ZEUS"
FR2988164A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-20 Edmond Balzer Support for solar panels, has circular and continuous element floating on water level, and carrier element located against vertical guide in interior side of circle for guiding rotation movement on structure in horizontal plane
WO2013178202A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Solon Energy Gmbh Photovoltaic system floating on water and having a weighting device
DE102012010859A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Solon Energy Gmbh Floating photovoltaic system with a weight device
WO2014005625A1 (en) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Staubli, Kurath & Partner Ag Floatable solar installation module and solar installation
WO2014056049A1 (en) 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Bilić Josip Device using multiple renewable energy sources (dumres)
WO2014202846A1 (en) 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Innogur Technologies Floating photovoltaic platform
FR3007406A1 (en) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-26 Innogur Technologies FLOATING PHOTOVOLTAIC PLATFORM AND AUTONOMOUS WATER TREATMENT PLANT ASOCIE AT SUCH A PLATFORM
FR3007581A1 (en) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-26 Innogur Technologies FLOATING PHOTOVOLTAIC PLATFORM AND INDEPENDENT WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH A PLATFORM
WO2014209210A1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2014-12-31 Hexicon Ab Floating platform comprising propulsion devices and energy producing plant comprising such a floating platform
DE102013213822A1 (en) 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Takata AG Component arrangement for a steering wheel
WO2016166041A1 (en) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Novaton Erneuerbare Energien Ag Solar energy harvesting system
WO2019020968A1 (en) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Semisub Systems Ltd Support structure for solar panels over water
EP3760532A4 (en) * 2018-02-26 2021-11-17 Sunny Rich Agric. & Biotech Co., Ltd. Floating type solar power generation equipment stage device
DE102018124054A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Claus Tennler Floating and / or storable platform for the assembly of electrical and / or mechanical and / or pneumatic components
CN109495056A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-19 合肥凌山新能源科技有限公司 A kind of angle adjustable integral type power generator based on solar energy and wind energy
EP3693261A1 (en) * 2019-02-08 2020-08-12 Tractebel Overdick GmbH Offshore solar array and a method of constructing the same
WO2023147973A1 (en) 2022-02-07 2023-08-10 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Offshore wind turbine for freshwater production, wind farm and method for producing freshwater

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009000249A2 (en) 2008-12-31
DE112008002304A5 (en) 2010-05-20
WO2009000249A3 (en) 2009-02-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102007029921B3 (en) Apparatus for generating energy and fresh water in the sea
US11149716B2 (en) Offshore wind-solar-aquaculture integrated floater
CN103523183B (en) Power supply platform on removable half submerged floating Multifunction fishing
US7352078B2 (en) Offshore power generator with current, wave or alternative generators
US9347425B2 (en) Offshore floating barge to support sustainable power generation
EP2321171A2 (en) Device for hauling and installing an offshore wind power station arrangement comprising at least one raft foundation, and method for hauling and installing such a raft foundation including a mast
CN101219706A (en) Ecological landscape float island
DE3803570C2 (en)
WO2016124250A1 (en) Platform device
CN109278949A (en) A kind of sea Spar type 5MW buoyant wind generation platform
CN111942533A (en) Three-upright-column offshore wind power generation platform system
DE102005040803A1 (en) Combined floating wind and water offshore power plant, has separately arranged water power machines exhibiting auxiliary device and arrangement such that generator and water power machines are operated as motor and pump, respectively
CN111924050A (en) Offshore floating type entertainment equipment
SE2000206A1 (en) Floating wind power plant
DE102008031042B4 (en) Modular floating unit for wind and turbines at sea
DE20008482U1 (en) Floating energy plant for the offshore area for the generation of electrical energy
DE102014014990A1 (en) Floating wind turbines with adapted transport and installation system
DE10219083A1 (en) Production ship has systems for extracting electricity from regenerative energies, electrolysis system for extracting hydrogen, desalination device, equipment for obtaining materials from seabed, etc.
DE102005041346A1 (en) Herrmann mobile wave energy converter device for producing and storing energy on ocean, has sail system for driving and controlling wave energy converter, and control and drive units at side of energy converter provided under water
ES2607428B1 (en) Ship for the transport and installation of offshore wind units
DE202005010121U1 (en) Tsunami-safe building has guide rods swivel mounted on each side of buoyant foundation through swivel bearings connected to ground and with centre tube for anchorage to floating island
EP2931596A1 (en) Load-bearing structure that floats in the open sea and is connected to anchors via tension means, for wind power plants, service stations or converter stations
EP1890032A2 (en) Floating wave energy conversion mechanism with means for positioning
CN113184126A (en) Offshore floating type wind power foundation platform
DE102013019229B4 (en) tidal generator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8322 Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee
8370 Indication related to discontinuation of the patent is to be deleted
R119 Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20130101