DE10219083A1 - Production ship has systems for extracting electricity from regenerative energies, electrolysis system for extracting hydrogen, desalination device, equipment for obtaining materials from seabed, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

The ship is essentially a sea-going floating body similar to a conventional ship with manufacturing and/or process technology equipment for processing, improving or converting raw materials or producing fuels and propulsion machines. It has systems for extracting electricity from regenerative energies, an electrolysis system, a desalination device, equipment for obtaining/delivering materials from/to the seabed and on-board storage space. The ship consists essentially of a sea-going floating body (1) similar to a conventional ship fitted with manufacturing equipment and/or process technology equipment for processing improving or converting raw materials or producing fuels and with propulsion machines. It has on-board systems (4,7) for extracting electricity from regenerative energies, an electrolysis system for extracting hydrogen, a desalination device, equipment for obtaining materials from the seabed and for delivering materials to the seabed for disposal or laying and on-board storage space for materials.

Description

The invention relates to a production ship with the in the preamble of claim 1 specified features.

• - einer verpflichtenden Sicherstellung und Erhalt lebenswichtiger Substanzen in energiereichen Grundstoffen für Zukunftsgenerationen,
• - der zukünftig eingeschränkten Nutzung der umstrittenen Kernenergie,
• - einer unerlässlichen CO₂-Produktionsverminderung (zum an Erhalt des Klimas und somit unserer Lebensbedingungen),
• - sowie des weltweit zunehmenden Energiebedarfes, insbesondere in Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländern, wobei in solchen Zonen ein anteilig hoher Energiebedarf für die Aufbereitung und Sicherstellung lebenswichtiger Substanzen wie z. B. Trinkwasser erforderlich ist.

Intensive development and increased use of regenerative energies is and remains a globally recognized requirement in human history. This is despite the fact that since the first energy shortages (e.g. by Club of Rome) new, even longer sufficient energy reserves have been discovered and e.g. T. have already been tapped, but considering

• - an obligation to ensure and maintain vital substances in high-energy raw materials for future generations,
• - the future limited use of controversial nuclear energy,
• - an essential reduction in CO ₂ production (to maintain the climate and thus our living conditions),
• - As well as the increasing global energy demand, especially in emerging and developing countries, whereby in such zones a proportionately high energy requirement for the preparation and securing of vital substances such. B. Drinking water is required.

Among the available and expandable renewable energy resources, the Favored wind energy (the hydropower potential is already extensive in Europe developed and thus exhausted). Extensive wind turbine projects have already been carried out in one unexpectedly developed and realized.

Geographical conditions offer economic use of wind energy different requirements. Such is the wind intensity in terms of strength and continuity in coastal regions the cheapest. Furthermore, the "roughness ridge" of a region has a strong effect on a height-dependent region Wind distribution and attack from (eg according to "Hellmann exponents"), whereby coastal regions also are favored. In addition come for the acceptance and feasibility of a wind turbine or a -Park even more valuable aspects such as noise immissions, shadows, optical compatibility and above all nature and landscape protection aspects to bear. Taking this into account Various criteria have made coastal regions ideal for the installation of wind farms. acceptable Domestic locations (at least in Germany) are largely developed or no longer exist. Since coastal regions are also largely developed in this regard, arguments of the Conservationists often speak against it, inevitably arises from manufacturers and operators of Wind turbines or energy suppliers the trend towards offshore wind turbines. Except for one Increased intensity and continuity of the wind on the high seas is also the influence of altitude on the Wind distribution less. With lower hub heights, more efficient yields can already be achieved achieve. Furthermore, the higher noise immunity tolerance allows higher high-speed speeds, what can again increase the efficiency of a wind turbine.

• - kostspieligere Gründungen und Turmbauten,
• - dem Naturschutz in Watt- und Schelfgebieten zuwiderlaufende Tatbestände
  • - Wasservögelreservate in Küstennähe,
  • - Vogelfluglinien in Küstennähe
  • - Geräusch- und somit Störbelastungen von Meeresgetier, insbesondere der Meeressäuger mit ihren empfindlichen und ihrer Ortung dienendem Hörvermögen,
• - problematische Netzanbindung, wobei
  • - grundlegend neue Übertragungsleitungen und Netzsysteme geschaffen werden müssen, zudem noch mit evtl. umweltbelastender Trassenführung im Meeresboden,
  • - zumal diese Netzsysteme den Besonderheiten der Windstromgewinnung gerecht werden müssen (insbesondere bei "netzgeführten" Anlagen, was einen starken Verbund voraussetzt);
  • - Leitungen durch die Schifffahrt gefährdet sind.

Nevertheless, there are some disadvantageous facts and facts in offshore use:

• - more expensive foundations and tower structures,
• - facts contrary to nature protection in tidal flats and shelf areas
  • - waterfowl reserves near the coast,
  • - Bird airlines near the coast
  • - Noise and thus interference from marine animals, in particular marine mammals with their sensitive and locating hearing,
• - problematic network connection, whereby
  • - fundamentally new transmission lines and network systems have to be created, as well as possibly environmentally harmful routing in the seabed,
  • - especially since these network systems have to do justice to the peculiarities of wind power generation (especially in the case of "network-operated" systems, which requires a strong network);
  • - Lines are endangered by shipping.

Taking into account and weighing such aspects, the executed and planned offshore Wind power plants largely built near the coast. Actually, it is therefore more about "Onshore" -Windkraftwerke. WKA locations in shallow waters with favorable Foundation conditions, no or low nature conservation requirements and without endangering or by the Shipping is also limited.

Another among the available and expandable renewable energy resources is the solar radiation. It harbors energy potential that all other energy resources do not have in one conceivable way. Unfortunately, it has only been sparsely developed so far. Poor efficiency and high production costs of the solar modules is very difficult to use. In our regions the large space requirement is also a negative criterion for larger systems for the power supply. Nevertheless, the actively pursued research and development efforts, e.g. B. in the fields the "thin film technology", user-friendly hope for progress.

• a) Windenergieanlagen-Konzeptionen zu schaffen, die geeignet sind, den auf hoher See zudem noch höheren und effektiveren Windanfall unter weitgehender Vermeidung der vorgenannten negativen Aspekte zu den quasi "Onshore"-Windkraftanlagen für die Stromerzeugung zu erschließen,
• b) ebenso Photovoltaikanlage-Konzeptionen zu schaffen, die nutzbare Standflächen erschließen;
• c) den damit erzeugten Strom beider Erzeugerquellen in einer effizienten und wirtschaftlichen Weise "vor Ort" zu verwerten,
• d) die gewonnenen Energien in einen (bisher) raren, zukunftsrelevanten Energieträger, den Wasserstoff, verlustarm umzuwandeln,
  oder zur Göwinnung der lebenswichtigen, für manche Regionen raren Grundstoffes Trinkwasser einzusetzen,
• e) wirtschaftliche Lösungen zu finden, fossile und mineralische Grundstoffe für die Wasserstoffgewinnung zu erschließen und vor Ort zu verwerten,
• f) wirtschaftliche Lösungen für Lagerung und Transport der an Bord erzeugten oder veredelten Stoffe, sowie zur Entsorgung der dabei anfallenden schädlichen Nebenprodukte, insbesondere CO₂, zu finden.

The task and aim of the present subject matter of the invention is

• a) To create wind turbine designs that are suitable for tapping the even higher and more effective wind attack on the high seas while largely avoiding the aforementioned negative aspects of the quasi "onshore" wind turbines for the generation of electricity,
• b) also to create photovoltaic system concepts that open up usable stand space;
• c) to use the electricity generated by both sources in an efficient and economical way "on site",
• d) converting the energy gained into a (previously) rare, future-relevant energy source, hydrogen, with little loss,
  or to use the vital raw material drinking water, which is rare for some regions,
• e) to find economic solutions, to develop fossil and mineral raw materials for hydrogen production and to use them on site,
• f) Finding economical solutions for the storage and transport of the substances produced or refined on board, as well as for the disposal of the harmful by-products that arise, in particular CO ₂ .

The solution of the mentioned tasks is achieved by the in the claims and in the Embodiments according to the invention mentioned embodiments achieved.

• - effiziente Windkraftanlage-Standorte genutzt werden können,
• - der erzeugte Strom weitgehend ohne Zwischenverluste Produktionsprozessen zugeführt wird;
• - durch vorteilhafte Ausbildung und Anordnung von Windkraftmaschinen und Solarmodule einerseits eine große aktive Photovoltaik-Fläche gesschaffen wird, andererseits diese Anlagen raumsparend einziehbar sind, sodaß das Schiff auch für Transportzwecke geeignet ist,
• - der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Schiffes auch auf schwingungsgefährteter "hoher See" ermöglicht wird,
• - Rohstoffe rationell vom Meeresboden gefördert und an Bord verwertet,
• - Schadstoffe entsorgt werden können,
• - wiederholtes Ankern und Ankoppeln erleichtert wird.

The advantages that can be achieved are essentially that

• - efficient wind turbine locations can be used,
• - The electricity generated is largely fed into production processes without interim losses;
• advantageous construction and arrangement of wind power machines and solar modules on the one hand create a large active photovoltaic area, and on the other hand these systems can be retracted to save space, so that the ship is also suitable for transport purposes,
• the use of the ship according to the invention is also made possible on vibration-driven "high seas",
• - raw materials are efficiently extracted from the sea floor and used on board,
• - pollutants can be disposed of,
• - repeated anchoring and coupling is facilitated.

Details of individual advantageous design features result - or are dealt with there - From the exemplary embodiments.

Further to the state of the art on the use and included in the subject of the invention Utilization areas of wind power with recognizable existing disadvantages:

For hydrogen production

Solutions for the economical production of hydrogen to cover its extensive needs in the future energy supply are essential. Hydrogen represents as Energy sources for the operation of environmentally friendly combustion machines an advantageous alternative to conventional exhaustive fuels of fossil origin. But above all as an energy supplier for the future-oriented and environmentally friendly fuel cell, which is both environmentally friendly Electricity and heat can be used. Pure hydrogen is for operation predestined by fuel cells in mobile drives.

With all the euphorically sensitive attributes attributable to hydrogen, it should not be forgotten that energy must usually be invested in its production (in popular large-scale plant processes). This dominant electrical energy (form) cannot always be produced in an environmentally friendly way, unless the controversial nuclear power is used, the production of which also has secondary problems (disposal) or even worse event possibilities. In addition, any energy conversion and transfer - e.g. B. in the power chain in the generation of a network typically faithful and stable voltage current, with its transformations and conduction losses and the consequent in the H ₂ recovery process just conversion or rectification associated with losses and technical effort. So it is known that for the energy contained in hydrogen about double the amount of energy must be provided for its generation! Thus, the (apparently) unmatched efficiency of the undisputed environmentally friendly fuel cell is only half the truth. In order to realize a future-oriented, pollutant-free, at least low-pollutant energy supply cenarium based on hydrogen and in particular on fuel cells, economical and environmentally friendly H ₂ production is a prerequisite.

An important goal is, therefore, the above under c) and d) and another, which at conventional offshore wind turbines usually exceptionally expensive electricity -To save or at least reduce transmission facilities and losses.

For sea water desalination

Although about 2/3 of our earth's surface is covered with water, about 1/3 of humanity stands directly no drinking water available. This z. T. due to the natural conditions (Dry regions), but above all interventions caused by civilization (industry, tourism, Population growth, land exploitation through agriculture with related or otherwise contamination or bacterial contamination). Many regions are already on the Obtaining drinking water from sea water. This requirement is particularly apparent the increasing population and the increasing standard of living in development and Strengthen emerging markets.

Another desired aim of the inventive idea is therefore to find a solution for the Transport of the drinking water obtained to regions in need in this regard.

For raw material supply, disposal and transport problems

For the generation of hydrogen from fossil raw materials, there has been relatively little use so far in this regard, e.g. Z. still abundant natural gas. His "ignoring" is probably due to the costly development and transportation, especially since there are extensive deposits in the marine area. Also for a recent, obvious hydrogen production from hydrogen-containing compounds, such as. B. the "pyrolysis process" with plasma torch, in which electrical energy is required, may have been a hindrance to implementation due to its lack or cost. A negative aspect in the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels is also the generation of CO ₂ , which leads to the desired environmentally friendly use of H _{2 being made} absurd.

Hence both the tapping. or use of natural gas deposits as close as possible to consumers or vice versa, as well as the disposal of the HO ₂ produced during hydrogen production are also of particular importance.

A promising and promising raw material source for hydrogen is in the form of a bulb Methane hydrate stored in the sea floor. This little-known energy carrier (methane) of very High energy density, however, is stored in deep seabeds, but is considered a sheer one among experts viewed inexhaustible source of energy. The disadvantage of it is that it is due to its very high Methane content is certainly a major greenhouse gas producer. Also be competent Experts (at the stage that has not yet been fully researched) expressed concerns that at Sudden changes in temperature and pressure of this substance suddenly release explosive methane could. For such large-scale events that have already taken place, it should already take place on Provide visible evidence of the sea floor in the area of such deposits. These possible dangers must attention should therefore be paid to the mining and processing of this raw material.

Processes and devices are therefore to be found further secondary goals of the inventive idea or to create for an economic prospecting of such raw materials considering their possible potential dangers to which - anticipating the solution - on the high seas away from residential and industrial areas can best be met.

The subject of the application is explained below with reference to drawings. For this shows:

Fig. 1 is a front view of a production ship configured according to the invention with a wind machine deck and serving as a carrier of a photovoltaic system extensible platform system in the extended condition;

FIG. 2 shows a side view of a section of the ship according to FIG. 1 with a sectional view of a stylized extension mechanism for the stage system and a device for swiveling the tower of the wind power machine;

FIG. 3 shows the other side view of a partial piece of the vessel of Figure 1 also with a sectional view of the extension mechanism shown stylized for the stage system, and a retractable tower design.

Fig. 4 shows the ship profile in the front view with the stage system retracted, as well as an included switching and supply scheme for a side support and vibration damping device.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the different ship positions required for their anchoring point as a function of the wind direction and the direction of sunlight in a solar module arrangement according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 6 one hydraulic / pneumatic wind turbine tower - base with height and adjustable support and lifting elements.

Fig. 7 is an anchoring base on the sea floor for a method configured according to the production vessel, with built-in tap and transfer devices for pipe systems for feeding from the or from the seabed raw materials obtained or disposal of environmentally harmful substances, or for storing recovered on board substances, preferably hydrogen.

To Fig. 1 to 4

The hull 1 carries a tower 2 with the nacelle 3 with its usual facilities such as hub bearings, generator, brake, control devices ect. and the wind turbine 4 .

Furthermore, he carries a stage system that can be extended to both sides of the ship, which preferably consists of two largely symmetrical constructions 5 and 6 and solar modules 7 , 27 arranged on the top. These are arranged on rotatable shafts 8 extending longitudinally to the hull 1 . The stage halves 5 and 6 are pivotally mounted on the hull by means of the bearing bases 9 and 10 , so that they assume an inclined position toward the sun during use. Floating bodies 11 and 12 , preferably submerged in water, are arranged at their ends to support the widely protruding stages 5 and 6 , but also to stabilize them, particularly when there is a side wind.

The electricity generated on board is primarily intended for the supply of conventional operating equipment, mainly for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and for seawater desalination. For this purpose, the hull 1 is equipped with appropriate process engineering devices. Furthermore, it has storage and tank rooms for storage, or storage, or and and for the transport of raw materials or substances produced and obtained on board.

An essential favorable aspect for the use of photovoltaics for the aforementioned purpose is that the direct current thus obtained without a lossy and costly rectifying action for them Processes can be used.

Since the efficiency of the solar modules is generally very strongly influenced by the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, an optimal right-angled position to the sun is an essential requirement. A practical possibility for this is - which is already practiced in some (mostly research) projects - to mount each individual solar module in a rotatable manner and track the sun. However, this requires a great deal of constructive and financial effort. Above all, however, such solutions are not, or at least hardly, acceptable for harsh, aggressive offshore applications. For the sake of simplicity, the solar modules 7 , 27 are therefore arranged on the shafts 8 , which run largely parallel to the hull, which, in addition to the possibility of varying the inclination, also enables space-saving "folding" (see FIG. 4) of the solar modules. The correct horizontal attitude to the sun is achieved by an appropriate position of the ship. For this purpose can be seen in FIG. 5 that the anchor connection must, in a full circle around the ship, be made very different to the vessel depending on the wind direction and time of day dependent Sun at anchoring in the seabed. In order to meet this requirement, the hull 1 has a circumferential fastening base for any local connection of the anchor rope. It consists of a web 13 with transverse bolts 14 , which perform tasks similar to pinion teeth. To this lie toothed wheels 15 , 16 on the inside, which are mounted in a bow-shaped holder 17 for anchor cable strands 57 , 58 . A gearwheel 16 is driven by a drive device 18 connected thereto for the horizontal positioning of this anchor fastening on the ship's hull. In order to ensure a different stability of the ship with a lateral flow direction, two such devices are provided, the complementary functions of which emerge from the description of FIG. 5.

For structural and strength criteria, the solar module-carrying stage 5 , 6 is divided into sections according to the length of the ship. Between them and at the ends are the support and hinge points for the load-bearing structures of the platforms 5 , 6 . On a support base 21 fixed to the hull there are articulated and support pins 22 of a guide cross member 23 in which a platform 24 with the solar modules 27 arranged thereon is slidably fixed. A further guide crossmember 25 is in turn arranged on this, in which a platform 26 with solar modules 27 is likewise slidably fixed. Mutual stage 5 is also of the same type.

The floats 11 , 12 are connected by supports 28 , 29 with joints 30 , 31 to the end of the stage in such a way that even when not required when the stage 5 , 6 , z. B. can be applied to the hull during a transport trip.

For idle phases of the wind turbine such. B. during transport trips, dangerous weather conditions, or for repair purposes, the tower 1 is moved or moved. For this purpose, it sits in a hull-fixed hinge base 32 or it alternatively consists of telescopically telescoping hulls 33 , 34 , 35 , the outer and the retracted reaching down to the ship's bottom. In this context, it is also advantageous to fold the wind turbine blades 36 .

• 1. Eine Ventileinrichtung 37, in seiner Funktionsweise eines Vier Wegeventils, versorgt von einem Druckluftspeicher 38, der von einen Kompressor 39 befüllt wird, führt alternativ über dies Verbindungsleitungen 40,41 den Gummibälgen 19, 20 Druckluft zu. Je nach Stellkommandointensität der Ventileinrichtung 37 wird in umgekehrter Zuordnung jeweils der andere über die Abflußleitungen 42, 42 druckentlastet bzw. entleert.
  Zur Energieeinsparung bei diesem zyklischen, mit Druckaufbau verbundenen Befüllen kommt eine besondere Schaltweise zur Anwendung. Die Abflußleitungen 42, 43 sind zur Saugleitung 44 des Kompressors 39 geführt, in der ein Rücklagventil 45 sitzt. Der Kompressor 39 ist in seiner Förderleistung regelbar ausgeführt und so gesteuert, daß er zwar ein niedrigeres Druckniveau eingangseitig es die in Entspannung begriffenen Kammern der Gummibälge 19, 20 erfordern einregelt, das aber noch höher liegt als der atmosphärische Druck. Die Ersparnis besteht in der Förderleistung, die sich aus dieser Druckdifferenz und dem Fördervolumen ergibt. Nur zu ergänzende, oder zum Heben des Betriebsdruckniveaus erforderliche Fördermengen werden der unter Normalbedingungen über Rücksschlagventil 45 eingesogen.
• 2. Die Druckräume der Gummibälge 19, 20 sind über die Verbindungsleitung 46 über eine dazwischengeschaltete, in beide Richtungen betreibbare Pumpe bzw. Kompressor 47 verbunden, so, daß antriebsrichtungsabhängig die Gummibälge 19, 20 alternativ gefüllt oder entleert werden. Die Förderleistung ergibt sich wiederum nur aus der Druckdifferenz und dem Volumenstrom. Das (etwa mittlere) Druckniveau dieses Systems wird durch den in die Verbindungsleitungen 46, 47 fördernden, seltener aktiven Kompressor 49 bestimmt.

In Fig. 4, the energy generators are positioned in the rest position, as z. B. Ride is appropriate. The mainly the lateral stability of the overall system increasing float 11 , 12 have to increase their buoyancy and thus their supporting force in addition to the volume changeable devices, for. B. in the form of inflatable rubber bellows 19 , 20th These are used by dynamic filling and emptying to dampen vibrations (for vibrations around the ship's longitudinal axis). This is particularly topical in view of the ship's wind flow from the side due to the relatively high dynamic pressure at the wind turbine. The following two alternative devices and methods are provided for controlling these functions:

• 1. A valve device 37 , in its mode of operation of a four-way valve, supplied by a compressed air reservoir 38 , which is filled by a compressor 39 , alternatively supplies compressed air to the rubber bellows 19 , 20 via this connecting lines 40 , 41 . Depending on the intensity of the command command of the valve device 37 , the other one is relieved of pressure or drained via the drain lines 42 , 42 in reverse assignment.
  A special switching method is used to save energy during this cyclical filling, which is connected with pressure build-up. The drain lines 42 , 43 are led to the suction line 44 of the compressor 39 , in which a check valve 45 is seated. The compressor 39 is designed to be controllable in terms of its delivery rate and is controlled in such a way that, although it regulates a lower pressure level on the inlet side, the relaxation chambers of the rubber bellows 19 , 20 require, but this is still higher than the atmospheric pressure. The savings consist in the delivery rate, which results from this pressure difference and the delivery volume. Delivery quantities that are only to be supplemented or required to raise the operating pressure level are sucked in under normal conditions via check valve 45 .
• 2. The pressure chambers of the rubber bellows 19 , 20 are connected via the connecting line 46 via an interposed pump or compressor 47 which can be operated in both directions, so that the rubber bellows 19 , 20 are alternatively filled or emptied depending on the drive direction. The delivery rate in turn only results from the pressure difference and the volume flow. The (approximately average) pressure level of this system is determined by the compressor 49 , which is less frequently active and which feeds into the connecting lines 46 , 47 .

These devices can of course also be arranged several times, also effective around a ship's transverse axis 49-50 .

As a further or alternative device for vibration damping are the useful or additional Tank rooms designed as (Frahmsche) roll tanks.

To Fig. 5

The hull 53 is connected to the anchor base 54 on the sea floor via anchor rope 55 , which merges into a node 56 in two strands 57 and 58 , via a connecting device 59 according to item 15, 16, 17, 18 of FIG. 1. It carries the wind power machine 60 aligned with the respective wind direction, as well as the stage scaffolding 61 , 62 with its solar modules arranged in rows thereon. In this and the other or individual representations, the anchor points 54 are each arranged on lines of uniform wind and sun direction, from the relations of which the ship position results.

The illustrations show the need for a variable and controlled connection of the ship to the anchoring base, which is solved by the inventive design of positions 15 , 16 , 17 and 18 .

To Fig. 6

Pos 75 stylized a tower girder, such as. B. The item 5 described in FIG. 5. On it rests an upper tower support base 76 on which the tower 1 of a wind turbine sits. Both are connected to one another by means of hydraulic or pneumatic support and lifting elements 77 , 78 , 79 , 89 , 81 . In the present exemplary embodiment, these are designed as large, flat rubber bellows. They enable a preferably hydraulically caused pivoting of the two tower support bases to one another in any direction.

In the case of the tower seat and fastening features expediently taken from FIGS. 1 and 2, the free space 83 of the tower seat must of course have corresponding pivoting freedom. In the present embodiment, the supporting and lifting elements 78 pairs 81 form a pivot axis XX, the supporting and lifting elements 77, 79/80, the axis YY. Because of the wind load 84 acting on one side of the tower, the support and lifting elements are arranged twice on the leeward side which is subject to higher loads. Furthermore, in order to compensate for any lifting forces that may occur, an oppositely acting supporting and lifting element 82 is arranged on the underside of the lower tower support base 75 . This results in a downward-directed holding force acting on the upper tower support base 76 , transmitted by pressure plate 85 and a pair of connecting webs 86 freely penetrating the lower tower support plate 75 .

The swivel base of the YY axis is formed by the support and lifting elements 77 and 79 , 90 . The active pivoting movements about this axis cause the support and lifting elements 78 and 81 . Their hydraulic supply takes place by means of hydraulic pump 87 via a shut-off valve 88 (for maintaining a built-up pressure level). A pump 90 , which can be conveyed in both directions, is installed in the connecting line 89 for the dosing of different pressurization of these support and lifting elements 78 and 81 , for the purpose of correcting the inclination of the tower or for dynamic vibration damping measures. A key advantage of this control and pressure supply concept is its low power requirement. This is because, as is often the case in common hydraulics, full support pressures of a hydraulic cylinder do not have to be applied and overcome, but due to the pressurization of the suction side with the counterpressure of the other support and lifting element base, only a (usually small) pressure difference is built up by the pressure generator got to.

The movements about the YY axis are effected in essentially the same way with the same elements. A hydraulic pump 91 and a shut-off valve 92 serve to supply pressure medium and maintain pressure, and a pump 94 arranged in the connecting line 93 and conveyable in both directions serves to apply the differential pressure. In addition to the alternative use of the counter-acting support and lifting elements 77 and 82, a switching element is arranged, which alternatively actively switches the upper support and lifting element 77 in position 95 a, the lower supporting and lifting element 82 via drain line 96 with a pressure medium reservoir 97 connected is. In the alternative switch position 95 b, the connections are reversed. Furthermore, a switching element 98 is arranged for switching the second support and lifting element 80 on and off.

The hydraulic switching and supply elements are controlled by a microprocessor-controlled open-loop and closed-loop control device, including the sensors required for this, according to a predetermined mode. Besides tower tilt adjustment for low center of gravity positioning of the wind power machine 2/3/4 with tower this facility is also provided for vibration damping, treated in the tower with the wind machine and the floating wind turbine carrier (the ship with its other structures) as a two-mass system whose priorities with purpose shall Vector directions are moved or changed to each other.

To Fig. 7

The anchor base consists of a solid axis 101 arranged vertically in the seabed 100 , which is embedded in a concrete base 102 , with foundation piles 103 that are appropriate, preferably obliquely connected, depending on the nature of the seabed. At the upper end region above the sea floor, it has a circumferential groove 104 , in which a rotatable holding device 105 , which is firmly locked therein, for the anchor cable 106 attached to it and sloping upwards sits.

The development and production of the H ₂ carrier natural gas from fields in the sea floor is also included in the equipment according to the invention for the production ship for the production of hydrogen.

For this purpose, it is largely positioned or anchored above or near the natural gas deposit at sea and connected to manifolds 108 of the natural gas field via pipe or hose transport devices 106 . The anchor base of the ship also has facilities for transferring and transferring the natural gas to the transport device of the ship, especially taking into account the fact that the transport devices (pipes) 107 can come from different directions that change with the wind direction or can even circle the anchor base. For this purpose, a transmission device 108 is mounted on the axis 101 above the anchor cable fixation, consisting of a rotary base 109 arranged on the axis 101 with transverse bores 110 to a cavity 111 which is connected to the collecting line 113 of a natural gas field via shut-off device 112 , and from a transmission element 114 sealingly enclosing the rotary base 109 with an annular cavity 115 which merges into a connecting pipe 116 to the transport pipe 107 leading upwards.

A pipe joint 117 is arranged between these pipes 116 and 107 , and, if rigid pipe systems of the anchor cable 106 are used as a supporting cable, several such pipe joints are arranged in the transmission path to the ship. This is an adaptation option for the course of the anchor cable 106 which is sagging according to the "chain line", the sag of which is largely dependent on the tensile force or wind force.

An advantage with relatively heavy transport pipe designs is - provided that the relieving own buoyancy is low - one or more floats attached to the Attach the pipe system to lift the tensile loads in the transport pipe system or and to reduce it in the anchor rope, which acts as a supporting rope.

The above-described devices integrated in the anchor base for effecting a transport of goods between the sea floor and the ship equipped according to the invention can of course be used for other goods and substances or can be expanded for them. One possibility for this is to arrange a second pipe connection to the ship, for which a second rotary transmitter 119 is arranged on the axis 101 in the manner of the first, the further line 122 leading into a storage or other system. With this, or also with the first, various other tasks should and can be solved:

CO ₂ disposal

• a) soweit natürlich dis geophysikalischen Voraussetzungen dazu vorliegen, CO₂ in bereits leere oder in Teilstücken von Gaslagerstätten oder sonstige vorhandene und dafür geeignete Hohlräumen im Meeresboden zu pumpen;
• b) CO₂ dem Meerwasser zu überlassen. Zu dieser Thematik sei erwähnt, daß bereits auf natürlichem Wage ein großer Teil des in der Atmosphäre enthaltenen CO₂ vom Meerwasser (über seine Oberfläche) absorbiert wird. Naheliegend ist daher, mit zukünftigen Verfahren gesteigert - zumindest was den vorliegend zur Diskussion stehenden Bord- CO₂-Anfall betrifft - Meerwasser in einem (vorausgesetzt verträglichen Maße) mit CO₂ anzureichern. Diesenfalls könnte Leitung 122 zu einer die CO₂ -Absorbtion aktivierenden Unterwasseranlage führen.
• c) Speicherung von Wasserstoff in Hohlräumen im Meeresboden (evtl. leeren Erdgaskammern). Hierbei ist sowohl an den an Bord des erfindungsgemäß ausgestatteten Schiffes aus fossilen Rohstoffen gewonnenen, als auch durch Elektrolyse erzeugten Wasserstoff gedacht. Dabei erscheint die Nutzung eines durch die beschriebene Ankerbasis im Zusammenhang mit der Erdgasnutzung quasi (schon) erschlossenen bzw. Meeresbodenbereich besonders günstig. Aber auch die Möglichkeit, daß die H₂-Produktion (bevorzugt mittels Elektrolyse) "vor Ort" über einer geeigneten Speicherstätte plaziert werden kann, ist sicherlich ein wirtschaftlicher Aspekt.

Since environmentally harmful CO ₂ is also released from fossil raw materials during H ₂ extraction, facilities for CO ₂ disposal are included in the inventive concept. Is provided,

• a) insofar as there are, of course, geophysical requirements for pumping CO ₂ into already empty or in parts of gas deposits or other existing and suitable cavities in the seabed;
• b) release CO ₂ to sea water. On this topic it should be mentioned that a large part of the CO ₂ contained in the atmosphere is absorbed by sea water (via its surface) even on a natural scale. It is therefore obvious that future processes will increase - at least as far as the on-board CO ₂ attack under discussion is concerned - to enrich sea water with CO ₂ (assuming tolerable levels). In this case, line 122 could lead to an underwater system which activates the CO ₂ absorption.
• c) Storage of hydrogen in cavities in the seabed (possibly empty natural gas chambers). Here, both hydrogen obtained on board the ship equipped according to the invention from fossil raw materials and also generated by electrolysis are intended. The use of a seabed area that has been quasi (already) developed or used through the use of natural gas in connection with the use of natural gas appears particularly favorable. But also the possibility that the H ₂ production (preferably by means of electrolysis) can be placed "on site" over a suitable storage location is certainly an economic aspect.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS Fig. 1 to 4

1

 hull

2

 tower

3

 gondola

4

 Wind power machine

5

.

6

 stage

7

 solar module

8th

 waves

9

.

10

 Base camp

11

.

12

 float

13

 web

14

 cross bolt

15

.

16

 gear

17

 bracket

18

 driving means

19

.

20

 Rubber bellows

21

 support base

22

 support pin

23

 guide crossmember

24

 platform

25

 guide crossmember

26

 platform

27

 solar module

28

.

29

 support

30

.

31

 joint

32

 Tower joint base

33-35

 Telescopic tower element

36

 Wind motors wings

37

 hydr. o. pneum. switching element

38

 Druckluüspeicher

39

 Pump / compressor

40

.

41

 connecting line

42

.

43

 drain line

44

 suction

45

 check valve

46

.

47

 connecting line

48

 Pump / compressor reversible

49

 Pump or compressor

Fig. 5

53

 hull

54

 anchor base

55

 anchor rope

56

 junction

57

.

58

 Anchor rope line

59

 connecting device

60

 Wind power machine

61

.

62

 stage scaffolding

63

 Line of wind direction from east

64

 Line of the wind direction from the south

65

 Line of wind direction from the west

66

 Line of wind direction from north

67

 Line of the direction of sunlight east

68

 Line of the direction of sunlight south

69

 Line of the sun direction west

Fig. 6

75

 Tower support base lower

76

 Tower support base upper

77-82

 Support and lifting element

83

 free space

84

 Resulting wind power

85

 printing plate

86

 connecting web

87

 hydraulic pump

88

 shut-off valve

89

 connecting line

90

 Pump or compressor reversible

91

 Pump or compressor

92

 shut-off valve

93

 connecting line

94

 Pump or compressor reversible

95

 switching

96

 drain line

97

 Pressure fluid reservoir

98

 Zuschaltelement

Fig. 7

100

 Seabed

101

 concrete base

102

 axis

103

 foundation pile

104

 Groove circumferential

105

 holder

106

 anchor rope

107

 transport pipe

108

.

109

 Rotary joint

110

 rotating base

111

 cross hole

112

 cavity

113

 shutoff

114

 transmission base

115

 Cavity more annular

116

 connecting pipe

117

 pipe joint

118

 transport pipe

119

 intermediate pipe

120

 management

120

121

 shutoff

122

.

123

 Line to storage or other systems

Claims (35)

1. Production ship, essentially consisting of a seaworthy floating body in the manner of known ships, equipped with manufacturing facilities or and and process engineering facilities for further processing, refining or converting raw materials or for the production of fuels, equipped with propulsion machinery for its floating locomotion, characterized in that that
Plants for generating electricity from renewable energies,
an electrolysis plant for the production of hydrogen,
a facility for desalination,
is arranged on board
whereby the electricity generated on board is used for the process processes in addition to the supply of on-board operating equipment,
it also has facilities or is assigned to it and is configured in such a way that it is suitable for conveying raw materials from the seabed on board, or / and also for transporting substances from board to the seabed for disposal or storage,
it has tank and storage rooms for receiving the substances conveyed, refined or produced on board. 2. Production ship, according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant for electricity generation consists of a wind power plant. 3. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the wind turbine from a largely in the center of a hull ( 1 ) arranged tower ( 2 ) with a rotatable gondola ( 3 ) arranged thereon with a converter ( 4 ) and one of them driven generator exists. 4. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that in addition to a converter largely arranged on the longitudinal side thereof, largely on the ship ends, additional lower positioned wind turbines are arranged. 5. Production ship, according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the additional wind turbines are Darrieus rotors. 6. Production ship, according to claim 1, 2, 4 and 5, characterized in that the additional Darrieus rotors with a vertical axis of rotation are stored in a bearing base, which is equally designed as a generator. 7. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that the additional wind turbine is a converter ( 125 ) arranged on a low tower ( 129 ). 8. Production ship, according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for generating electricity is a photovoltaic system. 9. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that a largely covering the entire top of the ship, extendable and pivotable about the ship's longitudinal axis stage ( 5 , 6 ) is arranged as a support base for the photovoltaic system. 10. Production ship, according to claim 1, 8 and 9, characterized in that this stage consists of several flat parts, which are telescopically assembled into and to each other and can be moved apart, the length of the ship in two, each assigned to one side of the stage ( 5 and 6 ) is executed. 11. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that the solar modules ( 7 , 27 ) of the photovoltaic system on the stage ( 5 , 6 ) on longitudinally mounted shafts ( 8 ) pivotally arranged plates ( 7 , 27 ) are attached , 12. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 8 to 10, characterized in that the stage halves ( 5 and 6 ) have a construction with a swivel mechanism ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 22 ), and a telescopic displacement mechanism ( 2-25 ) in such a way, that they can be moved apart so far that the areas occupied by the photovoltaic components ( 7 , 27 ) amount to a multiple of the ship's deck area, and can also be pushed into one another so that they form a flush stack, preferably not exceeding the ship's width. 13. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 8 to 10, characterized in that at the ends of the stages ( 5 , 6 ) to the side of the ship ( 1 ) floats ( 11 , 12 ) via an articulated lifting position ( 28 , 29 ) are arranged. 14. Production ship, according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a pivoting device ( 32 ) for the tower ( 2 ) of the wind turbine ( 4 ). 15. Production ship, according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the tower ( 2 ) of the wind turbine ( 4 ) is telescopic, the lowest tubular element ( 35 ) extends largely to the bottom of the ship and the wind turbine rotor blades ( 36 ) are designed to be foldable. 16. Production ship, according to claim 1, 2 and 8, characterized in that the hull ( 1 ) has a largely around the ship's fastening device an anchor rope ( 55 ). 17. Production ship, according to claims 1 and 16, characterized in that the anchor rope fastening device encircling the ship's hull consists of a web ( 13 ) which on its edge bears pinion-like bolts ( 14 ) on which gear-like rolling elements ( 15 , 16 ) fit positively, which are mounted in a bracket ( 17 ) designed as an anchor cable holder, at least one ( 16 ) being driven by a drive device ( 18 ) arranged on the bracket ( 17 ). 18. Production ship, according to claim 1, 16 and 17, characterized in that two such circulating anchor cable fastening devices ( 13-18 ) are arranged, each being attached to an anchor cable strand ( 57 , 58 ) which leads to a central anchoring base ( 54 ) , or these anchor rope strands ( 57 , 58 ) merge into a node ( 56 ) united in a uniform anchor rope ( 55 ). 19. Production ship, according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device for automatic position maintenance on the sea. 20. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 19, characterized in that in addition to the longitudinally acting propeller Drive devices are arranged such as swiveling ramjet drives or Voith-Schneider propellers, and there is an electronic receiving, control and regulating device for satellite-guided Control of the drive devices. 21. Production ship, according to claim 1, 2, 5, 6, 19 and 20, characterized in that the shaft of the additionally arranged Darrieus rotor is guided downwards through the hull and below the hull ( 1 ) a Voith-Schneider propeller wearing. 22. Production ship, according to claim 1, characterized in that its electrical components such as generators, solar modules, inverters or rectifiers are designed in such a way that they supply the electricity generated to different consumer networks
a voltage and frequency stable supply network for the on-board operating facilities,
a load supply network for the processes z. B. for electrolysis, preferably a DC network. 23. Production ship, according to claim 1 and any other preceding claims, characterized in that it has facilities
to correct the tower position or inclination in the event of uneven wind loads
to avoid vibration build-up and resonance processes as well as vibration damping. 24. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 23, characterized in that it is equipped with (Frahmsche) roll tanks, including usable tank rooms are designed accordingly. 25. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 23, characterized in that it, or the wind energy superstructure, with a systematic storage Has flywheel gyroscope. 26. Production ship, according to claim 1, 23 and 25, characterized in that the flywheel gyro in the tower ( 2 ) is arranged as a separate device. 27. Production ship, according to claim 1, 2 and 23, characterized in that on rotating bases of the wind turbine, or on a torsionally connected another base, a flywheel is arranged, the moment of inertia (on a uniform point reduced) at least 40% above the sum of the momentum of the swing other, according to the current state of mechanical engineering and wind turbine technology executed rotating other components of the same drive path. 28. Production ship according to claim 1, 9, 10 and 13, characterized in that the floating bodies laterally projecting laterally in the operating state ( 11 , 12 ) have additional chambers ( 19 , 20 ) which are variable in volume and thus buoyancy, one of which is their volume variation effecting supply and control device is assigned. 29. Production ship, according to claim 1, 2 and 28, characterized in that the variable chambers ( 19 , 20 ) consist of rubber bellows. 30. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 28, characterized in that the supply and control device consists of at least the following components: a (check) (supply) pump or compressor ( 39 ) via a check valve ( 45 ), a pressure accumulator supplied with it ( 28 ), a control valve ( 39 ) supplied with it with a four-way switching function such that the variable chambers ( 19 , 20 ) are filled in a predetermined manner via connecting lines ( 40 , 41 ) or emptied via drain lines ( 42 , 43 ). 31. Production ship according to claim 1 and 28, characterized in that the supply and control device consists of at least the following components: a (r) (m) operable and conveyable in both connection directions (r) (s) pump or compressor ( 47 ), which fills or empties the variable chambers ( 19 , 20 ) in a predetermined manner via connecting lines ( 46 , 47 ), a (r) (m) determining the pressure and the filling quantity of this circuit (supply) pump or Compressor ( 49 ). 32. production ship, according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 23, characterized in that
the wind turbine tower ( 2 ) is seated on an upper tower support base ( 76 ) which is supported on a lower tower support base ( 75 ) by means of support and lifting elements ( 77-82 ) which are variable in strength,
it has a supply, regulating and control device for filling the support and lifting elements ( 77-82 ). 33. Production ship, according to claim 1 and 32, characterized in that the height and height of the supporting and lifting elements ( 77 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 ) are large-area rubber bellows. 34. production ship, according to claim 1, 23 and 30, characterized in that
the support and lifting elements ( 77 , 81 ), which are variable in height, are arranged so as to be distributed opposite the center of the tower, so that tower tilting movements relative to the tower support ( 5 ) are deliberately effected on all sides,
a pair of support and lifting elements ( 77 , 81 ) is arranged on the side of a pivot axis (YY) perpendicular to the wind direction ( 84 ),
support and lifting elements ( 79 , 80 ) are arranged several times in the wind direction ( 84 ) beyond the pivot axis (XX) on the wind-loaded side, on the wind-relieved side, in addition to a supporting and lifting element ( 77 ) taking over the wind power plant support, an opposite-acting support - And lifting element ( 82 ) is arranged. 35. production ship, according to claim 1, 23, 32 and 34, characterized in that the support and lifting elements ( 77-82 ) are hydraulically or pneumatically controlled in height.