DE102007001827A1 - Solar energy converting or focusing module roofing device for photovoltaic or solar panel system, has bearing structure supports firmly connected with supporting frames at distance from lower end of supports - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a set of bearing structure modules, where each of the modules exhibits a horizontal supporting frame (33) and a vertical bearing structure support (32). The bearing structure supports overlie on a sub-frame (10) of the device with lower end of the supports, where the sub-frame is an asphalt surface or concrete surface. The bearing structure supports are firmly connected with the supporting frames at a distance from lower end of the supports. The supporting frames are connected with each other at edges of the frames.

Description

The The present invention relates to a roofing device and / or as a substructure for Modules for conversion or bundling of solar energy, in particular modules of a photovoltaic or Solar collector system or mirror of a solar thermal power plant.

The Use of solar energy to generate electrical energy or heat wins in the face of rising energy prices and the meantime recognized consequences of burning fossil fuels increasingly in importance. Especially for the generation of electrical power by means of photovoltaics will be size surfaces needed. Therefore plants with capacities in the megawatt range are almost exclusively used in the Created outdoors. But this has the disadvantage that the distance to the consumer or to a public Electricity grid, in which electricity can be fed, is often large. Besides, are with Photovoltaic systems overbuilt surfaces only limited used agriculturally. In addition, there are often resistance against the installation of photovoltaic systems in the field, as these as unaesthetic be felt.

Out the reasons mentioned is a creation of photovoltaic systems in settlements or their in close proximity to advantageous. Solar collector systems for the production of heat Solar energy is ever only in the immediate vicinity of heat consumers makes sense, because heat only with great effort low loss transported over long distances can be.

isolated Photovoltaic systems have already been set up on parking roofs. Have parking the advantage, usually close to consumers and electrical Supply networks to be arranged. An infeed of electrical power in the public Power grid is therefore over short cable lengths and possible with little effort.

conventional Parking Canopies However, they have the disadvantage that their creation consuming and expensive is. This is especially true for a retrofit already existing parking spaces.

A The object of the present invention is to produce a cost-effective Device for roofing and / or as a substructure for Modules for conversion or bundling of solar energy.

These The object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

preferred Trainings are in the dependent claims Are defined.

The The present invention is based on the idea of a plurality of structural modules, the at least one substantially vertical structural support and a horizontal support frame, provide, which at their outer edges together are connected. Structural column and Support frames of each structural module are one or two-axis rigid (i.e., rigid in one or two directions) with each other connected. The single structural module does not have to be stable. Rather, it is sufficient that a stability of the entire device by a mutual lateral support of the individual structural modules arises. This in turn can also be based on a founding over (low-lying) foundations be waived. Instead, any structural prop can be simple on the terrain surface or the subsurface, in particular an asphalt or concrete surface of a existing parking, rest. The device is so one Similar to table, which consists of several modules, each one or more legs or structural supports include. The costly creation of foundations and those in the case an existing parking lot usually required laying or diversion of supply and disposal lines for water, sewage, Space drainage, Gas, electricity, data etc. can therefore be omitted. The total cost can thereby be kept low by giving them remuneration the feeding of electrical energy into a power supply network can be partially or completely amortized. Another advantage exists in that the device is due to the abandonment of a foundation built simply and inexpensively and can be dismantled again and therefore also for temporary or short-term use in changing locations is suitable.

The Device preferably also has one or more roof surfaces Protection of the underlying areas from the weather, in particular for shading and / or for the discharge of precipitation. In this case, each roof structure is preferably assigned to each structural module. Especially preferably comprises a roof surface a membrane with a central opening, in which the structural support of the associated structural module is arranged, wherein the membrane for Edge of the central opening funnel-shaped pulled down. Alternatively, a roof surface comprises a Trapezoidal sheet, a sheet metal panel, another sheet metal cover or a Cover made of wood, concrete or steel. Preferably, the roof surface is made Prefabricated elements.

An advantage of the roof surface is that the device has a double benefit, namely as a substructure for modules to Um conversion or bundling of solar energy and as protection of the underlying areas from precipitation and solar radiation. Modules for the conversion or bundling of solar energy are, for example, modules of a photovoltaic or solar collector system or mirrors of a solar thermal power plant that focus or concentrate solar radiation on a heat exchanger in which high temperatures are generated. In the furnace, for example, steam is generated which then drives a turbine coupled to a generator.

The However, the device can also be used alone as a roofing, the no photovoltaic or solar collector system or mirror carries. Also in In this case, the cheap Creation costs a big one economic advantage.

The However, the device is not only ground level on asphalted, concrete or greened parking lots but also over other surfaces advantageously usable. In particular, the device can also with low effort and thus with low creation costs on a existing flat roof of a building be put on. Instead of an anchorage, an elaborate Require intervention in the existing structure of the building and the flat roof would, The device can easily access the existing surface of the device Flat roofs are placed. Preferably, the lower range Ends of the structural pillars thereby by a substrate layer of a green flat roof, by insulating layers or through a gravel pile and lie directly on supporting structures of the roof. Preferably, the structural supports are there on the flat roof on where this is supported from below is, for example, by supporting outer or inner walls or through vertical structural supports inside the building. The variants described above with or without roof surface and with or without photovoltaic or solar collector system are appropriate feasible and have corresponding advantages.

If the device used as a substructure for a photovoltaic or solar collector system is, the latter is preferably tracked to the position of the sun and For this purpose, it particularly preferably comprises one or more modules which one in north-south direction aligned axis are rotatable. Advantageously, the Device in this case a to the axis substantially parallel Torsion tube to which the module or modules are connected. The rotation about the axis is preferably carried out with an electric motor drive via a self-locking gear, in particular a worm gear. One Worm gear allows without further adjustment of the modules in any angular range.

Especially advantageous is an additional tilt each of one or more modules about an axis perpendicular to the axis Tilting axle for one biaxial tracking the photovoltaic or solar collector system according to the position of the sun. This biaxial tracking causes particularly efficient utilization of the installed photovoltaic or solar collector surface, by keeping the angle of the modules to the first axis constantly at a moment optimal Value is set.

alternative is a stepless adjustment or adjustability (for example by means of a turnbuckle, a threaded rod or an adjustable Clamping) or an adjustability in two or more predetermined Steps (for example by means of detents) provided. This allows for example a manual or motorized adjustment of the modules from time to time Time in dependence from the season.

at an economically advantageous approach is a existing or newly created parking lot, a flat roof or a Open space with a device as described above overbuilt. The costs of creation Revenue or other economic business benefits can from the remuneration the feeding of electrical energy into a public power grid or achieved by a different use of the generated electrical energy become.

alternative or additionally Revenues are generated by renting roofs for advertising. advertising can on the roof surface printed, painted or projected from below, in the case an at least partially transparent roof surface also from above. Especially in the case of a parking lot, one projected onto the roof surface Advertising message or other information controlled by motion sensors with a moving vehicle or a moving person to be moved.

alternative or in addition is one with a moving vehicle or a moving one Person mitbewegte sound provided, in turn, through motion sensors is controlled. For this purpose, preferably several loudspeakers are provided, for example, at all or some corners of the support frame or on the structural supports. Dependent from the current position of the vehicle or the person becomes the Sound spatially varies or modulates. In particular, the volume and / or the phase of the sound emitted by each speaker varies so that when the vehicle occupant or the person the impression arises, the Sound source move with her or run, for example, next you her.

The described depending on the location of a vehicle or a person projection and / or sound is not just for multimedia mediation an advertising message that gives a particularly intense impression leaves. Alternatively or in addition is also a particularly comfortable and effective system for Orientation help or traffic management feasible. Especially in sprawling Parking facilities, for example, the user in a pleasant way from his vehicle to the entrance of a shopping center or from the mall back be led to his vehicle.

at created a further economically advantageous method an owner, Tenant, Tenants or for other reasons Beneficiary of a reason a device on the ground as described above in different variants. Creator the device earns revenue that partially covers the construction costs or completely compensating or even overcompensating a sale of electrical or thermal energy generated by a photovoltaic or solar collector system is obtained at the device. To For example, electrical energy is fed into a public grid or heat on Industrial or Craft businesses or private households delivered or transferred, the heat as process heat and / or for heating buildings and / or for hot water production use. Alternatively or additionally Revenue generated by renting roof space for advertising.

at a variant of the method described does not create the owner, tenant, Tenants or otherwise authorized users of the parking lot or other reason the device. A creator closes with the owner, tenant, tenant or otherwise beneficial owners of the reason a contract created the device and achieved as described above revenue. Of the Creator and operator of the device pays to the owner, tenant, tenant or otherwise beneficial owners of the reason a user fee. Alternatively, the owner pays, Tenant, Tenants or otherwise entitled users an appreciation fee for the appreciation the superstructures area through the device due to the required sun and weather protection.

alternative is the device alone or with a photovoltaic or solar collector system from Owner, Tenant, Tenant or otherwise authorized users or by a third party created, the device and the photovoltaic or solar collector system subsequently self-operates. Alternatively, the device becomes alone or together with a photovoltaic or solar collector system afterwards an operator sells, leases or this due to a other contract for use. A roof surface is the owner, Tenant, Tenant or otherwise entitled to use the reason on which the device rests or by the creator of the device or created by an operator of the device. The creator of the roof earns revenue or another economic benefit the attachment of advertising or other information on or off the projection of advertising or other information on the roof surface.

preferred Further developments of the present invention are described below With reference to the accompanying figures explained in more detail. These show:

1 a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing and as a substructure for a photovoltaic system;

2 a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing and with a photovoltaic system;

3 a schematic perspective exploded view of the device 1 ;

4 a further schematic exploded perspective view of the device 1 ;

5 a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing and with a photovoltaic system; and

6 a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing and with a photovoltaic system.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing and as a substructure for a photovoltaic system. The device lies on a surface 10 on, on the pitches 20 arranged for motor vehicles and are preferably marked. The device comprises several structural modules, of which in 1 four are each shown at least partially. Each support module comprises a substantially vertical structural support 32 and a substantially horizontal support frame 33 , A support frame 33 comprises two substantially horizontal first outer beams 34 and two substantially horizontal second outer beams 35 thats among the first outer straps 34 are arranged substantially orthogonal. Further includes a support frame 33 a first inner carrier 36 which is substantially parallel to the first outer straps 34 is, and a second inner support 37 which is substantially parallel to the second outer girders 35 is. The pauses ren carrier 36 . 37 preferably intersect or intersect substantially at the center of the support frame 33 , If the inner carrier 36 . 37 as in 1 shown arranged in a plane is at least one of the two inner carrier 36 . 37 at the intersection of the two inner beams 36 . 37 at least partially interrupted. The outer straps 34 . 35 and the inner wearers 36 . 37 define four preferably substantially equal and preferably each rectangular squares.

The structural support 32 lies with its lower end on a support element 31 on the ground 10 on. The support element 31 is preferably to the lower end of the structural support 32 positive or material fit (for example by screws, welding or riveting) and / or with the substrate 10 connected by a bond or by frictional forces. The supporting frame 33 and in particular, the crossing point of the inner beams 36 . 37 of the supporting frame 33 lies on the upper end of the structural column 32 up and connected with this. stiffeners 38 are preferably designed in the form of diagonal struts. They connect the structural column 32 with the support frame 33 so that at all expected loads of the device, the angle between the supporting column support 32 and the support frame 33 remain essentially invariable.

Under the supporting frame 33 is a membrane 40 stretched as a roof surface, in 1 , as well as in the 3 and 4 , is indicated as a transparent grid. The outer edge of the membrane 40 is on the outer straps 34 . 35 anchored and preferably has substantially the same shape as the support frame 33 , The membrane 40 has a central opening in which the structural support 32 is arranged. To the edge 41 the central opening is the membrane 40 funnel-shaped pulled down. The membrane 40 Thus, at each point, there is a slope towards the central opening leading to the structural support 32 getting bigger and bigger. Rain or melting snow therefore run to the foot of the structural column 32 down and can, for example, seep or be diverted there.

Adjacent structural modules are over their edges, especially over their outer beams 34 . 35 and / or via connecting beams or connecting frames 45 connected with each other. The two in 1 Structural modules shown on the left form an articulated connection to the first outer girders 34 a three-point frame. In other words, the two adjacent structural modules are mutually supported, preventing them from tipping over in that direction. Each of the two in 1 Structural modules shown on the left and one opposite each of the two in 1 Structural modules shown on the right are supported by the connecting beams 45 each other off. To prevent tilting in this direction, the connecting beams 45 each rigidly connected to at least one of the two adjacent structural modules.

The supporting frame 33 carry over essentially vertical supports 52 , essentially horizontal torsion tubes 54 and support profiles 56 photovoltaic modules 58 , in whose place alternatively solar collector modules can be provided. The pillars 52 are with their lower ends with the support frame 33 connected. At the upper ends of the columns 52 are the torsion tubes 54 in camps 53 rotatably mounted. Each support profile 56 is with a torsion tube 54 rigidly connected. Each photovoltaic module 58 is with one, preferably two or more support profiles 56 connected. The photovoltaic modules 58 together form a photovoltaic system, as its components and the support profiles 56 , the torsion tubes 54 , camps 53 and the supports 52 can be viewed.

The structural modules, in particular the structural supports 32 , the supporting frame 33 with the carriers 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 , and the stiffeners 38 as well as the supports 52 , camps 53 , the torsion tubes 54 , the support profiles 56 and the photovoltaic modules 58 are dimensioned in terms of their mechanical strength so that not only the weight of the entire device but also wind forces and snow loads safely absorbed and into the ground 10 be derived. The structural supports 32 and / or the carriers 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 preferably include fire-coated and / or duplex-coated rolled sections (for example made of steel with a quality according to DIN 18 800), which are interconnected by welding and / or screw connections.

The Membrane is dependent of whether they only protect against precipitation or donate shade should and whether they are a projection screen for a projection of advertising or other information from below or from above, transparent, semitransparent, translucent or opaque. The membrane comprises coated (for example PTFE - polytetrafluoroethylene) or uncoated woven or nonwoven fibers (e.g. PVC, carbon, Kevlar or glass fibers) or a film (for example made of ETFE - ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene). Preferably If the film is fire-retardant or fire-resistant (for example flammability class A2 or B1).

2 shows a schematic perspective view of a device for roofing a parking lot and as a substructure with a photovoltaic system. Unlike the above based on the 1 shown device are held four only three structural modules provided. The individual structural modules and the photovoltaic system are the above based on the 1 described similarly. In the 2 Structural modules shown on the right are to their first outer girders 34 rigid or hinged together. This in 2 Structural module shown on the left is via connection carrier 45 with the two in 2 connected to the right structural modules. The connection carrier 45 are each rigidly connected at least with an adjacent structural module.

The photovoltaic modules 58 are in 2 opposite to the 1 shown position around the torsion tubes 54 shown rotated. Preferably, the torsion tubes are each aligned substantially in the north-south direction. While the in 1 illustrated horizontal position of the photovoltaic modules 58 is optimal in sunshine, the is in 2 shown inclined position of the photovoltaic modules 58 ideal in the mornings or afternoons. If the representation in 2 As seen from northeast, the position shown is a typical afternoon position. If the representation in 2 A view from the southwest shows the position of the photovoltaic modules shown 58 a typical morning position.

In addition to a tracking of the photovoltaic modules 58 according to the position of the sun for optimal performance has the adjustability of the photovoltaic modules 58 the further advantage that the photovoltaic modules 58 can be placed vertically to prevent the formation of a layer of snow or ice in precipitation, to facilitate maintenance or at night as undisturbed incidence of moonlight or other light on the ground 10 to enable. In case of wind from a predetermined minimum speed, the photovoltaic modules 58 preferably aligned substantially horizontally to provide the lowest possible attack surface.

The torsion tubes 54 are preferably controlled by an automatic control and depending on the time of day and season, wind and precipitation electric motor via a self-locking gear, in particular a worm gear, adjustable. Every torsion tube 54 has its own drive. Alternatively, a plurality of torsion tubes arranged along a straight line are coupled to one another, preferably via couplings, which have a thermally induced change in length of the individual torsion tubes 54 compensate. Alternatively, a plurality of juxtaposed torsion tubes are connected by perpendicular to these arranged waves with each other, so that a motor on the shafts and preferably self-locking gear (in particular worm gear) a plurality of torsion tubes 54 drives.

The torsion tubes 54 each have a rectangular or circular cross-section. Camps 53 are preferably plain bearings, which preferably have an axial clearance to thermally induced changes in length of the torsion tubes 54 take.

The 3 and 4 show schematic perspective exploded views of the above with reference to 1 illustrated device from two different perspectives. The following is respectively on both 3 and 4 simultaneously referred to.

In the 3 and 4 are each from bottom to top of the ground 10 with the parking spaces 20 , the membranes 40 , the structural modules from the structural columns 32 , the supporting frame 33 and the stiffeners 38 with the connecting beams 45 and the photovoltaic modules 58 with the support profiles 56 , the torso blasts 54 , the camps 53 and the supports 52 shown pulled apart vertically. The guides 49 serve only the spatial allocation.

Especially in 4 is clearly visible that each structural module a self-contained and self-supporting structural frame 33 includes, wherein the structural framework of adjacent structural modules directly or via connecting beams 45 connected to each other. It can also be seen that the membranes 40 the pitches 20 essentially complete, a driveway between the pitches 20 but not or only partially span.

5 shows a schematic perspective view of another device for roofing a parking lot and as a substructure with a photovoltaic system. This device differs from the above based on the 1 to 4 shown devices in that the structural support 32 up over the support frame from the straps 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 is extended beyond. On the upper end rotatably mounted about a vertical axis (first arrow 78 ) is a photovoltaic module 58 arranged. Alternatively, the upper section of the structural support 32 rotatable relative to the lower portion or provided for example on a turntable on the support frame mounted vertical support for the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module 58 is further tiltable about a horizontal axis (second arrow 79 ). This means that the photovoltaic module can track the position of the sun around two axes. Instead of a photovoltaic module, a plurality of photovoltaic modules rigidly interconnected in one plane are alternatively provided.

6 shows a schematic perspektivi cal representation of another device for roofing a parking lot and as a substructure with a photovoltaic system. This device differs from the above based on the 1 to 5 shown devices in that on at least one structural module photovoltaic modules 58 in a fixed or adjustable angle to the horizontal on a turntable 43 are rotatably mounted about a vertical axis. This means that the photovoltaic modules can be tracked around the axis of the sun by turning them slowly around the vertical axis during the day and orienting them in the morning to the east, at noon to the south and in the evening to the east. To protect the area under the structural modules from the weather, in particular rainfall, roof elements 42 provided together with the photovoltaic modules 58 form a roof that is similar to a shed roof. The areas between the turntable 43 and the outer straps 34 . 35 of the supporting frame 33 can be different than in 6 be closed by further roof surfaces.

The present in all the devices shown above and in the 3 and 4 Separate elements (plots, membranes, structural and photovoltaic systems) may be owned, leased, rented or otherwise exploited by various natural or legal persons, operated, maintained and used by various natural or legal persons. The economic functions of these elements are different from each other. For example, the pitches are rented or made available to customers or visitors free of charge.

The membranes 40 evaluate the pitches 20 by protecting vehicles parked there from solar radiation and precipitation. They either justify a higher parking space rent or increase, for example, the attractiveness of a shopping mall or a cinema for its customers or visitors. Furthermore, advertising or other information can be printed, painted or aufprojeziert on the membranes advertising. These may be advertisements for the companies providing the pitch or their products or services or for products or services of another company or for references to the goods or services offered by a company.

The Photovoltaic system creates revenue from the sale of electrical Energy, in particular the supply of electrical energy in a Supply network, and creates or reinforces an image ecologically conscious action.

In the embodiments illustrated above with reference to the figures, the structural modules are corresponding to the parking spaces 20 and the torsion tubes 54 parallel to the girders of the supporting frame 33 aligned. Alternatively, this alignment is completely or partially omitted. In particular, in the case of an existing parking space, it may be useful, for example, to adapt the structural modules to the existing parking space with regard to their dimensioning, their arrangement and orientation, but independently of this the photovoltaic system and in particular the torsion tubes 54 exactly in north-south direction, regardless of whether the parking lot and the structural modules are aligned.

at Each of the embodiments illustrated above with reference to the figures comprises Structural module a support frame and a structural support. It Therefore, at least three structural modules are required whose Structural columns not arranged in a row to ensure stable stability to reach without further support structures or to provide a rigid anchorage to the ground.

alternative has a structural module with two structural supports or a structural support with a unidirectional (linear) footprint. In this case, a stable stability is ensured by at least achieved two structural modules, the footprints of the support columns not lying on a straight line.

Instead of of parking spaces for motor vehicles can under the devices described also parking spaces for bicycles, aircraft, land or water berths for messenger, Plots of a campsite, storage areas for transport containers, for the wood a sawmill or for other goods be provided.

Instead of a membrane can in all embodiments shown above and their variants a roof surface made of sheet metal (in particular trapezoidal sheet metal, sheet metal panels, etc.), wood, Concrete, steel or other self-supporting components, and in particular be provided from finished parts. The named alternatives to Membranes are preferably over arranged the support frame. If necessary, (preferably via the Structural modules) a bar construction (for example made of wood or metal grates) provided for the maintenance of the photovoltaic system is walkable.

Instead of of photovoltaic modules are in all the embodiments shown above and their variants also solar collector modules for the production of Heat off Sunlight useful.

Claims (18)

Device for roofing and / or as substructure for modules for converting or bundling solar energy, with a plurality of structural modules ( 32 . 33 ), wherein each of the plurality of structural modules has a substantially horizontal support frame ( 33 ) and a substantially vertical structural support ( 32 ), wherein each structural support ( 32 ) rests with its lower end on a base of the device, wherein each structural support ( 32 ) spaced from its lower end with the associated support frame ( 33 ) is rigidly connected, and wherein the support frame ( 33 ) are connected by at least two structural modules at their edges. Device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate ( 10 ) the device is an asphalt surface or a concrete surface on which the lower ends of the structural supports ( 32 ) rest. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate ( 10 ) the device is a parking lot with an asphalt pavement or a concrete carriageway on which the lower ends of the structural supports ( 32 ) rest. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate ( 10 ) the device is a flat roof of a building, on which the lower ends of the structural supports ( 32 ) rest. Device according to the preceding claim, in which the lower ends of the structural supports ( 32 ) lie in places on the flat roof, where the flat roof is supported from below by load-bearing walls or other structural pillars. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structural modules support each other against lateral tilting. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each support frame ( 33 ) in a central area with one of the structural supports ( 32 ) connected is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one structural module a roof surface ( 40 ) for shading and / or for the discharge of precipitates, wherein the roof surface ( 40 ) is arranged under the support frame. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the roof surface is a membrane ( 40 ). Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the membrane ( 40 ) has a central opening in which the structural support ( 32 ) of the structural module is arranged, and wherein the membrane ( 40 ) to the edge ( 41 ) is pulled funnel-shaped down the central opening. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the roof surface is a Trapezoidal sheet, a sheet metal panel, another sheet metal cover or a Cover made of wood, concrete or steel. Device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a photovoltaic or solar collector system ( 52 . 53 . 54 . 56 . 58 ) or mirrors for bundling sunlight on the support frame 33 is appropriate. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the photovoltaic or solar collector system ( 52 . 53 . 54 . 56 . 58 ) or mirror above the support frame ( 33 ) is attached. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the photovoltaic or solar collector system ( 52 . 53 . 54 . 56 . 58 ) or the mirror is tracking the position of the sun. Device according to the preceding claim, in which a module ( 58 ) of the photovoltaic or solar collector system or a mirror about a north-south axis is rotatable. Device according to the preceding claim, further comprising a torsion tube ( 54 ), with which the module ( 58 ) of the photovoltaic or solar collector system or the mirror is connected. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising a drive and a self-locking gear for rotating the module 58 or the mirror around the north-south axis. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, in which the module ( 58 ) of the photovoltaic or solar collector system is further tiltable about a tilting axis which is perpendicular to the north-south axis and rotatable therewith.