DE102006050051A1 - Reducing overloading in ripping machine involves pressing counter plate construction with supporting element so contact between supporting element and counter plate construction takes place essentially as roller contact and in linear manner - Google Patents

Abstract

The ripping machine has a frame (2) with a rotor (1) with blades, a pivotable counter plate structure with counter blades (11) and a supporting element. The method involves pressing the counter plate construction (9, 15) together with the supporting element (12) so that the contact between the supporting element and the counter plate construction takes place essentially as a roller contact and in a linear manner. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for reducing overloading in a ripping machine.

Description

technical background

object The invention relates to a method and a device for preventing from overload a equipped with rotating rotor smash hit, for example, to rupture solid material used to reduce the piece size of this material can be. Depending on their specific purpose such devices as well referred to as a crusher or hacker; in this scripture they will but all as a ripper designated.

With Rotor populated thriller have a circumferential, stored at one or both ends Rotor with fixed or yielding blades and a stationary frame construction with a kind of fixed or yielding counter knives. The material, i.e. the feed material becomes, if it on the knives of the orbiting Rotor passes and between the rotating blades and the counter-blades device, crushed. Such a ripper For example, for crushing wood material, such as wood waste, tree bark u. Like. Used.

Around to prevent it from overloading the ripper comes when accidentally, for example, stones or iron entered become, are the zippers usually with some overload protection equipped.

at the most common In this case, the knives are hinges on the rotor attached, that they remain in working position due to the centrifugal force, however, to swing the hinge and avoid it when put it on a non-breakable / breakable Hit object. The disadvantage of this method is the limited evasion ability and in the imbalance of the rotor due to the during the Operating constantly occurring minor Give in.

A second method is to make the counterknives of the ripper spring-loaded so that when a counter-knife strikes a non-rupturable object, it is able to yield it by yielding the spring. Such a construction is for example FR 725 553 known. The good side of this process is the automatic recirculation.

One third method is to use the counter knife instead of one Spring by a mechanical fuse or as a predetermined breaking point Serving pen, overloaded breaks and the ripper parts the possibility to dodge gives support. The advantage of the procedure consists in the safety and the free Open after a break, however, a problem is the one for insertion time required for the new pens.

description the invention

According to the independent claims were Now, a method and apparatus for protecting the ripper from overloading and for using the method and apparatus in reducing the piece size of material serving snaps invented. In the rest claims will be some preferred embodiments presented the invention. The device is hereinafter referred to as Protective device called.

Of the thriller has a frame, a rotating in the frame, fitted with knives rotor, a pivotable counter plate construction with counter knives relative to the frame and a support element, with which the counter-plate is pushed towards the rotor in working position, that in working position between the knives and the counter knives a gap remains. The support element gives way so that the counter plate construction pivots away from the rotor once the of the counter plate construction on the support element acting force exceeds a certain value. Pressing the Counterplate construction with the support element is done so that the touch between support element and counter plate construction substantially as rolling contact and linear he follows.

With the term "im Essentially as rolling contact "is meant here, that the touch to Part can also be gliding, but the main thing is still rolling.

reaches in the ripper a not breakable / breakable Subject and device in the gap between knife and counter knife, the counter knife construction begins the support element to charge. exceeds this load from the support element Support force exerted on the counter plate construction, the counter knife construction begins to open by a pivoting movement. This pivotable counter-plate construction can in particular so be realized that they hinged with their upper part to the frame is.

The advantage of the invention is, in particular, that it is easy to produce a construction in which the point of contact of the support member with the counterplate structure during the pivotal movement of the counterplate structure changed so that the force exerted by the support member on the counterplate structure force remains essentially unchanged or reduces during the pivoting movement so that it is less in the final phase of the pivoting movement than at the beginning. The support force is preferably generated by a spring. Now, however, takes the spring force with increasing spring tension too. In the device according to the invention, however, the resulting disadvantage can be compensated. The supporting force can also be generated, for example, hydraulically or pneumatically.

thanks the rolling contact can the movement of the support element realized almost without friction relative to the counter-plate construction become. By doing so leaves the function is well controlled, and also the wear of the components stays low. The more complete the touch a rolling one The lower the friction. However, it is possible a construction in which the parts also slightly together can glide, easier to edit.

Prefers becomes the touch between support element and counter plate construction realized by tooth engagement. there then causes no wear significant change the acting force. Very particularly advantageous involute toothing designed being independent Ensures always the correct tooth engagement from the axial distance is and herself as well the production is pretty simple.

At the best the protection device is designed so that on the counter plate construction a Wälzfläche available is on which the pivotally hinged on the frame support element "rolls".

At the best is the support element force exerted on the counter plate construction in working position greater than at the end of the pivoting movement. In the best case, the power decreases from the beginning of the pivoting movement on. Thanks to the decreasing support force is a safe opening so that ensures no damage occur. It can also act in the working position supporting force on such a big one Value can be set as the construction of the plant allows.

At the best is the pressing of the support element against the counter plate construction by spring force over a Lever mechanism so that the thus caused torque when opening the Counterplate construction reduced. The lever mechanism is preferred so that the leverage ratio changes faster than the spring force increases as the rolling motion progresses. Advantageous a construction with one at his knee on the frame hinged toggle, of which one leg against the counterplate construction suppressed. However, the best way is that the lever mechanism is such that after crossing At a certain point, the spring force no longer opposes opening. Behind this point, so the opening is completely without resistance.

The supporting force The protection device is designed so that it is normal Workload not opened will overload yourself but opens before it leads to major damage comes. The support force is preferably adjustable so that the opening force depending on the purpose can be adjusted appropriately.

The Protective device can be designed so that the counter plate construction from the support force in her working position - preferred against the frame - curious becomes. This achieves one in addition to the normal breaker function additional Advantage: the device then works completely play free, and even a little wear of the surfaces of the Guard changes nothing about this fact.

Of the thriller usually has also one with openings provided rust, through which the crushed material goes off. Becomes in the opening Counterplate construction may include part of this grate the support force directed in an advantageous manner to this with opening grate part become.

The The invention is particularly useful for protecting the blades and the rest of the construction in tatters, the to reduce the piece size of the feed serve, be used. The ripper can be especially for the reduction the piece size of wood material be used.

Of the thriller can be specially designed so that the blades are radially on the rotor circumference are arranged. The application of the material to the rotor happens usually radially and from above by dropping or horizontally using a Conveyor. The rotor shaft runs usually horizontally. In the frame or generally in the under the rotor can be located rust Slots exist over the the crushed material due to centrifugal force or gravity out of the space between rotor and frame. To discharge the Material can also be a blower be used. The material discharge can also be at one end of the Rotor done. The ripper can be specially designed to be a horizontal shaft has and the feed material is entered from above by dropping. He But can also be designed so that the feed material on a Rotor end is introduced. In the latter case, the material entry generally mechanically supported, especially in horizontal Wave. The ripper may also be such that the blades are located at the rotor end are.

Under Application of the invention leaves easy and elegant way of reliable overload protection realize.

In the following, a preferred Ausfüh tion form of the invention described in more detail. In the drawings shows 1 a section of the ripper in working position and 2 in open position.

The ripper in the drawings has as main components a rotating rotor 1 and a surrounding frame 2 , The rotor is with knives 3 occupied. For example, the knives are arranged so that they are parallel to one another in the shaft direction and one behind the other in the circumferential direction. In the upper part of the frame of the directed against the rotor rotation feed chute leads 4 , Below is the rotor of a rust 5 . 15 with outlet openings 6 and counter knives 8th and at the front of the counter plate 9 surround. At the lower end of the counter plate is the first counter knife 11 arranged. Between the knives 3 and the counter plate construction and the counter knives have a small gap, which is generally kept as narrow as possible. The floor 7 the frame is open. The feed material is introduced by dropping into the ripper and torn between the knives and the counter knives. The shredded material goes over the rust slots and the bottom of the frame.

The counter plate 9 is with its upper part on the axis parallel to the rotor shaft 22 rotatably mounted. The rust consists of a stationary rump 5 and a front part attached to the lower part of the counter plate 15 , At the rear end of the grate front part is located on the outside of a parallel to the axis of rotation of the counter-plate rolling surface 13 , about the front part and thus the entire counter plate construction with the support arm 12 is pressed into working position. The point of contact 25 between the support arm and rolling surface extends in the direction of the axis of rotation and is linear. At the frame 2 There are stops that make contact between the knives 3 and prevent the counterplate construction. The counter plate construction is clamped against these stops.

The support arm 12 forms the front leg of a toggle lever. The toggle is rotatable on the counterplate axis 22 parallel axis 19 stored. The rear leg of the toggle lever is in place 20 so to the front end of the spindle 17 of the spring housing 21 articulated that the smaller angle of the toggle lever from the Wälzfläche 13 points away. The spring housing 21 is around the point 18 rotatably articulated. By the spring 14 the spindle is pushed forward towards its point of articulation. The spindle thus presses the toggle counterclockwise, so that the support arm 12 the counter plate construction 9 . 15 of the grate pushes up into working position. Spring force and lever are dimensioned so that the supporting force is sufficient to keep the counterplate construction under normal circumstances in working position, but in overload situations, a swing in the OPEN position allowed.

The front end of the support arm 12 or the rolling surface 13 , preferably both, is / are curved. Their point of contact is thus linear.

Now get a foreign body 10 in the gap between rotor 1 and counter plate 9 , so he meets a rotor knife 3 and wanders down to the first counter knife 11 out. Depending on the size of this foreign body, the knife beats him directly against a counter knife or previously against the counter plate 9 , If the force caused thereby on the support arm exceeds the supporting force, the counter plate begins to pivot in the OPEN position. Because the touch 25 between support arm 12 and rolling surface 13 is a rolling motion, the friction force due to the load does not increase, but the counter plate and the grate part located thereon 15 open easily and immediately after exceeding the set force. After opening the moment arms of the lever mechanism change (distances 25 - 19 . 19 - 20 and 20 - 18 ) so that the supporting force decreases although the spring force increases with the compression of the spring. The rear part of the spring housing pivots quickly in the direction 23 , and finally, when the point 20 until above the connecting line of the points 18 and 19 shifts the protective device into a permanent OPEN position. In 2 For example, the guard is about to go to the UP position, with the counterplate design 9 . 15 continues to open unhindered.

To completed opening the protection device is returned to working position. To For this purpose, the plant has a suitable (not in the drawings shown), for example, hydraulic cylinder operated feedback device. Especially in smaller plants can also return done manually.

The counter surface 13 and the end of the support arm 12 can also be provided with engaged toothings (not shown). In this case, since several teeth are engaged at the same time, the wear has only a minimal effect on the function of the system.

The power of the spring 14 can be adjustable, for example by placing the stop flange on the spindle 17 adjustable.

Of course, the protective device can also be realized by other types of levers or gears, and only one or more of the teeth can engage at a time. And of course, on both sides of the device can ever a protective device may be present.

If necessary, the counterplate may also be arranged to open in sections as seen in the direction of the shaft, and in this case in particular, the tooth mechanisms of the protective device may be associated with the point of storage 22 the counter plate 9 to realize.

The Method can be used in the context of the claims also on different types of rippers be applied.

Claims (10)

Method for preventing overloading in a ripper, a frame ( 2 ), one in the frame to be rotated, with knives ( 3 ) equipped rotor ( 1 ), a relative to the frame pivotable counter-plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) with counter knives ( 11 ) and a support element ( 12 ), in which the counter-plate construction is pressed towards the rotor in the working position that in working position between the blades and the counter knives a gap remains, wherein in the process, the support element yields so that the counter-plate can pivot away from the rotor as soon as the Counterplate construction force exerted on the support member exceeds a certain value, characterized in that the pressing of the counterplate construction ( 9 . 15 ) with the support element ( 12 ) happens so that the contact between the support element and counter-plate construction is substantially as rolling contact and linear. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the counterplate construction ( 9 . 15 ) by means of the support element ( 12 ) is pressed with a supporting force in the working position, which reaches its maximum in working position substantially. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the counterplate construction ( 9 . 15 ) is tensioned in working position by the supporting force against a stop surface. Device for preventing overloading in a ripper, a frame ( 2 ), one in the frame to be rotated, with knives ( 3 ) equipped rotor ( 1 ), a relative to the frame pivotable counter-plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) with counter knives ( 11 ) and a support element ( 12 ), with which the counter-plate construction is pushed towards the rotor in the working position that in working position between the blades and the counter knives a gap remains, and the support member so yields that the counter-plate can pivot away from the rotor as soon as the of the counter-plate construction on the Supporting force applied exceeds a certain value, characterized in that the support element ( 12 ) so against the counter plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) expresses that the contact between the support element and counter-plate construction substantially as rolling contact and linear occurs. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the supporting element ( 12 ) by means of a spring ( 14 ) and a lever mechanism ( 20 . 16 . 19 ) so against the counter plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) is pressed, that the supporting force exerted by the support member on the counter-plate construction supporting force decreases with the self-opening of the counter blade design. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the tearing device has an apertured grate ( 5 . 15 ), over which the crushed material is discharged, and that to the counter plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) at least one part ( 15 ) of the rust is added. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the support element ( 12 ) against this to the counter plate construction ( 9 . 15 ) attached rust part ( 15 ) presses. Device according to one or more of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it comprises means, preferably a hydraulic cylinder device, for returning the UP-position counter-plate construction (FIG. 9 . 15 ) in working position. Device according to one or more of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the support element ( 12 ) on the counterplate construction ( 5 . 15 ) applied support force is adjustable. Use of the method according to one or more the claims 1 to 3 or the device according to one or more of claims 4 to 9 to prevent overloading in one to reduce the piece size of material, in particular of wood material, serving ripper.