DE102006031855A1 - Brake device i.e. rotation brake, for single-lane vehicle e.g. bicycle or motor cycle, has pistons coupled with disk near to disk edge by lever, and hinge fixedly or flexibly connected with disk at end and with static part at another end - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a disk (5) lying on an upper surface of a swash plate, and pistons (8) coupled with the disk near to a disk edge by a lever. A mechanical valve (7) or an electrical valve is integrated in a connection-channel (14), where the valve controls intensities of fluid flow between pressure chambers/pressure cylinders (12) in a continuous or gradual manner. A hinge (11) is fixedly or flexibly connected with the disk at an end and with a static part of a bicycle at another end, where the hinge exhibits tumbling motion of the disk.

Description

The The invention relates to a braking device which is preferred for single-track vehicles for bicycles or motorcycles suitable is.

It There are numerous brake systems for Cycles. One of the best known is the pull rope brake. Also brake systems such as. Coaster brake, Hydraulic brake, disc brake, drum brake, etc., find Use in different bicycles. The principle is at all Brake systems the same. A part of the rim or a brake disk that Coupled with the wheel and looking like the wheel, is pressed by brake evidence or rubbed and thereby it is braked. The friction creates a Heat, from the braking force and the speed of the bike dependent is. The conventional Brake, which is with two rubber brake pads that press the rim the most common. Unfortunately, the system often fails when the rim gets wet. The braking force decreases very much. If longer time is braked continuously, then the rim dries (by the friction with the rubber pads) and the braking force decreases again to. But sometimes this can happen too late when on the street Water is located. The modern bikes have disc brakes that consists of a brake disc, which is pressed between two brake plates becomes, being dependent from the press force more or less a connection arises and thereby a brake power transmission takes place. The operating principle and the basis of brake systems is the friction force. Through this force is a connection between the turntables or the rim and the brake pads made. Initially, if the brake disc or the rim only slightly is pressed, only little braking power is transmitted to the wheel. The stronger the contact pressure, the higher the transmitted force. However she does not increase exactly proportional to the brake lever movement. If the User is not familiar with the bike, then it can easily happen that the brake is pressed too hard and the wheel is blocked, which can lead to a fall.

The Brake will be activated by the cyclist's power and the wheels will be there To block. The contact force can be steplessly controlled and so that the braking force. The friction energy goes during the Braking completely lost. Also the total kinetic and potential energy of the Fahrrads goes completely lost. This means that every braking process causes a loss of energy caused. There are attempts to reduce the braking energy by electrical Elements back to win.

• – keine Kraft-Formschlüssige Verbindung (2–10% Schlupf)
• – hohe Verschleiß,
• – erhebliche Bremskraft-Verlust bei nassem Wetter.

The conventional bicycle brake systems also have many disadvantages:

• - no force-positive connection (2-10% slip)
• - high wear,
• - significant braking force loss in wet weather.

One Another disadvantage of conventional braking systems is also the fact that they are not very accurate. One can never exactly the power transmission dosing. This does not allow the functional principle. Both the brake disc, as well as the brake pads wear out over time and eventually have to to be renewed. With the simpler variants, whereby instead of the Brake disc the rim is used, is the wear of the rim relatively low and mostly negligible.

Very interesting would be the idea of a brake system that works with a swashplate. Here could installed this disc to achieve a braking effect. swash plate Very often used in compressors, pumps, and helicopters as a controller for the rotor.

The registration EP 0945616 describes a swash plate compressor in which the hinge mechanism serves to transmit a driving torque of a rod to the swash plate.

The registration DE 102004028747 A1 describes a reciprocating compressor having a plurality of parallel cylinder-piston units, wherein the drive shaft is enclosed by a pivotally coupled with her swash plate, with which the pistons are connected via a hinged sliding clutch.

A similar device is known by DE 4139186 , In this, the swash plate is pivotally guided on a ball body carried by the drive shaft and coupled at a radial distance with the drive shaft.

The registration DE 37 162 02 C3 describes a brake system wherein an eccentric is used for power transmission on a brake disc. Here, a modification of the conventional disc brake with friction effect is described, wherein the eccentric member is merely a power transmission member, which helps to press the brake disc.

One Brake system, wherein the swash plate with accompanying elements (working cylinder, Piston, valve control, etc.) is used directly as a brake, wherein a braking effect only by a controlled fluid flow in Working cylinder is achieved through a connection channel is not known.

The in the claims 1 to 69 ange The invention is based on the problem of providing a brake device for bicycles or motorcycles which is very comfortable, which is able to meter the braking force very precisely, is easy to control and which can be achieved without conventional disc friction. Effect gets along.

This Problem is solved with the features listed in the claims 1 to 69 solved.

• – nahezu verschleißfreies Betrieb,
• – sehr langlebig,
• – exakt steuerbar,
• – schonend für den Fahrradreifen und die Felge,
• – Bremseffekte wie bei einem perfektem analogem ABS-System erzielbar,
• – leicht steuerbar,
• – kann auch ohne Bremsverstärker z.B. in Motorrädern eingesetzt

werden.Advantages of the invention are:

• - almost wear-free operation,
• - very durable,
• - exactly controllable,
• - gentle on the bicycle tire and the rim,
• Braking effects as in a perfect analogue ABS system achievable,
• - easy to control,
• - Can also be used without brake booster eg in motorcycles

become.

The Although the invention looks simple, it has significant differences and advantages over a conventional one Brake. The invention uses the flow resistance of a fluid for the braking process. The principle is not comparable to that of a turbo clutch. While a turbo coupling the liquid in resistive rotation offset, despite relatively high Energy loss a brake more similar Design could that Bike or the bike does not stop, at least not as fast as you wish would. The brake described in this invention is nearly complete a perfect solution for all Problems with a conventional brake system are connected.

at This brake system is even a similar effect as the ABS systems to watch. These Brake itself can achieve a much better ABS effect as the ABS system itself. While in a conventional ABS system a certain number of pulses per second to the Sends wheels, to cancel the blocking by these pulses and during the pulse duration. The Rad begins to "shiver" because it is several times blocked and released alternately per second. The braking effect and the steering behavior of the wheel are getting better, The higher the number of pulses per second. The conventional ABS systems create Unfortunately it does not realize a very high number of pulses per second.

The Invention here but can analog control the braking process, which with comparable to an ABS system with infinite pulses per second would.

Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to FIG 1 to 22 explained. Show it:

1 the novel brake device, with the swash plate and the plate which is articulated with the piston by means of levers,

2 to 6 Variants with a small eccentric, which is frictionally coupled with the impeller,

7 a C-shaped or U-shaped pressure chamber filled with liquid equipped with two ends, a traveling piston and an eccentric,

8th a U- or C-shaped pressure chamber, between the ends of which the swash plate is inserted in the gap of the transducer piston,

9 the installation of the system in a bicycle,

10 a variant, wherein the valve is not installed in the pressure chamber connecting channel, but in the vicinity of the brake lever and is connected by hydraulic lines to the pressure chambers,

11 the swash plate, which is separable in two or more parts, which are connectable to each other to a compact disc,

12 a controller connected to the electrovalve ( 15 ) is coupled,

13 the controller, which is coupled to a controllable signal generator,

14 a variant with a plurality of swash plates, which are fixed in rows one behind the other fixedly or detachably coupled to the wheel axle,

15 a variant, wherein the pressure chamber / pressure cylinder U-shaped or C-shaped is built, wherein at both ends in each case a piston is mounted,

16 a variant in which instead of pistons, elastic membranes or rubber walls or elastic walls are installed at the points where the piston would have to be,

17 a variant with an electrorheological fluid,

18 a variant with a magnetorheological fluid,

19 the Brake Energy Sys tem,

20 a brake power generation system wherein the piston or transducer piston is provided with a channel that directs airflow to a compressed air reservoir,

21 a variant in which, instead of balls in the bearing, small cones which are truncated are installed,

22 a variant, wherein the converter piston is equipped with a connecting channel in which the valve is installed.

The Brake system is a complete one new variant that can brake the wheels steplessly. It is a system that, with an unprecedented and almost absolute precision is controllable. The braking force is arbitrarily proportioned to the Transfer wheels. A great advantage is also the fact that the brake system is very long uninterrupted (partly) operated can be without causing damage. It is almost no heat generated by the brake elements themselves (except wheels) and therefore only little energy conversion to heat occurs. There is even the possibility an energy recovery or the braking energy can be relatively easily into electrical energy be converted and stored.

The Brake system does not contradict the physical laws, whereby a braking with energy conversion takes place. The kinetic energy of Fahrrads here is also converted into heat, but the Brake parts of this brake system, except the wheels of course, are not or only very little affected.

The system is not very complicated, but here is a relatively simplified form. It consists of a swash plate 1 , which can also be called control disc or Taumelbrems disc, which is not right-angled but slightly oblique to the wheel axis of rotation 2 is coupled. It does not necessarily have to be oblique if it is not scanned from both sides, but its contact surface must be slanted or tilted so that it wobbles during rotation. This disc can be fixed to the axle 2 coupled or removable fastened eg by screws or rivets. Best she should firmly with the wheel 9 be coupled, or form a unit. If it comes to wear, then it can additionally from the factory, with an additional plate 3 coupled, which is interchangeable. The oblique arrangement of the swash plate or at least their contact surface contributes to the fact that a controllable power transmission is feasible. Characterized in that the swash plate is coupled to the wheel directly or indirectly, wherein the rotational force is transmitted to it, a braking of the swash plate would also brake the wheel. On the free surface 4 the swash plate becomes a plate 5 placed with ball bearings 6 Is provided. The plate has the shape of a ring and is very sturdy. He is in with a joint 11 equipped by which it is coupled to the piston. The piston is located in the cylinder / pressure chamber 12 which is linked to the bicycle / motorcycle frame. The joint allows pivoting of the plate within an angular range in any direction. However, a turn of the plate is blocked directly by the pistons. As joints can also be used Kardan joints, which are pivotable in any direction. The mounting for the pressure chamber may be in a region of a rubber part, which is intended to dampen any vibrations. The rubber area may also consist of a massive rubber disc sandwiched between two plates. With the plate 5 is at least one piston 8th connected. It is best a plurality of pistons, which are coupled to different locations with the plate, preferably with the plate edge. The pistons are arranged diametrically in pairs on each side of the swash plate. An odd number of pistons may be used, but they must be geometrically distributed equidistant from each other on the plate. The connection is made directly by bullets 27 or by lever 10 , which are articulated with both the piston and the plate edge. The joint should be, for example, a ball joint, because the plate pivots in any direction within a space angle range compared to the piston. This pivoting movement should not be prevented by the joint. The piston is in a pressure chamber or pressure cylinder / cylinder 12 built-in. The impression cylinder 12 are connected with each other and the liquid 13 can wander from one to another. The pressure cylinders and the pistons can be installed twice, three times or more. The attachment points on the plate edge must be evenly distributed. For example, if two pistons are to be installed, then they must be mounted at 180 °, or diametrically arranged on the plate with the plate. With three pistons it is then 120 °. Much more pistons should not be installed because the system becomes more complicated. The impression cylinders are mechanically coupled to the bicycle / motorcycle frame and they do not rotate with the wheel. Through a connection channel 14 they are coupled with each other, whereby the liquid can migrate from one cylinder to the other. To the channel / liquid wall channel 14 there is a valve 7 or an electrovalve 15 , The solenoid valve may be a solenoid valve or a piezo valve and it controls the Liquid flow in the liquid wall channel. An electric valve would be preferable to install in a motorcycle, because there is also a stable source of energy 49 is available. The plate slides through the ball bearings 6 on the surface of the swash plate 1 ,

In the 1 a simple variant of this system has been presented. The swash plate 1 is coupled to the impeller in the center. It has a hole in which the central part (hub portion) of the wheel is inserted. The swash plate is ring-shaped and rotates with the wheel. The swash plate is finally coupled directly to the wheel and replaces the conventional brake disc. The stored plate 5 slides over the surface 4 the swash plate, without him spinning. Due to the oblique arrangement of the swash plate, a wobbling motion is generated on the non-co-rotating plate, which pivots the pistons, which are coupled in an articulated manner with the plate, back and forth. When the "positive area" comes close to the piston, it pushes it back in. The "negative area" pulls the piston back towards the swash plate. The plate can push the piston, but from the first sight, she can not necessarily pull. The drawing of the piston takes place in that the plate is pressed against the swash plate by the joint in the middle. Each force on the opposite piston is transferred mirror-inverted to the other piston. A pushing force on the other side means a force of attraction on this side, so that the piston is pulled. The plate can be coupled in the middle with a cardan joint, which is pivotable in any direction within a certain angular range. The plate does not turn, but it does with the wobbling motion. The ball bearings ensure a lossless sliding of the plate on the swash plate. The liquid in the pressure cylinders 13 is also set in motion by the piston movement. This moves from one cylinder to the other, depending on the pressure force acting on the piston. Due to the fact that the attachment points of the levers of the pistons consist of ball joints, a pivoting in energy terms is almost lossless. A connection channel 14 connects the cylinder / pressure chamber 12 together. No matter how many cylinders are used, all channels can be coupled together in a central area. In this area is a valve 7 or an electrovalve 15 installed, which can control the flow of liquid. There are not many valves to install. Such a bike is enough. His job is to influence the flow or to stop it. The solenoid valve is designed so that it not only has two positions, namely only open and close, but it can take any intermediate position and hold this position also stepless. The solenoid valve may also be a mechanical valve that can be pulled back and forth by a small worm gear.

On the swash plate can concentrically arranged grooves 29 be installed on which the ball of the ball bearing can move. The principle of this system is not too complicated. When the valve 7 is open, then the liquid flows by the piston movement of a cylinder 12 on the other over the liquid wall channel 14 , The amount of fluid can be very low and the pistons 8th be built relatively small. The faster the bike, the faster the swashplate wheels, which are installed on each wheel, or each wheel axle. The pistons swing with the rotation frequency back and forth. Each rotation causes a complete back and forth pivoting of the pistons. At this speed, the liquid also flows back and forth in the connection channel. The inner diameter of the channel can be chosen so that it does not prevent liquid flows up to 30,000 rpm. As a result, the brake system can also be suitable for extremely fast motorcycles (such as racing motorcycles).

As soon as the valve begins to prevent fluid flow, the resistance in the connection channel increases and the fluid can only flow through pressure increase in the channel. This creates a force on the plate 5 which counteracts the tumbling movements, wherein a braking force is exerted on the swash plate. If the joint would allow it, the plate would spin. The resistance and thus the braking of the wobble is more intense, the farther the valve is closed, because the time is getting longer, which is necessary to transfer the liquid from one cylinder to the other and the pressure for this transfer must be greater and greater , The wobble is damped in this way. If the valve is closed, there is no liquid flow and the angle of inclination of the plate remains rigid. The pistons do not allow the plate to change its angles with respect to pistons. The fact that the plate can not turn (because the joint does not allow it), the swash plate is blocked. The swashplate exerts a force on the plate that tries to push it. However, the distance between the plate and the swash plate remains unchanged, thanks to the joint that presses the plate against the swash plate. A sturdy case 20 and mounted limit plates additionally prevent the brake parts from divergence or from each other.

The brake system can be installed on both slow and faster bikes. On slow bicycles (city bikes, Moun tainbikes), the angular inclination of the swash plate can be arranged relatively obliquely. The smaller the angle of inclination, the faster bicycles or motorcycles can be equipped with this braking system. In this case, the amount of liquid that moves back and forth in the channel would be smaller and the piston travel shorter.

Even fast valves can be installed, which are driven by piezo technology. In this case, generates a signal generator 21 electrical signals with adjustable frequency and amplitude, the piezoelectric valve 22 can be controlled. Due to the high frequency of the signal, which can also be delivered as a pulse signal, it is possible to control the piezo valve so that it opens and closes in very short or longer intervals. This will allow proportioned small amounts of fluid to flow through the connecting channel during piston pressurization and produce a "digital brake force." The principle can be explained similarly to electrical clocked circuits These controls, which have such circuits, are also called phase-angle control, similarly, here, the mechanical force is transmitted in fine "packets" metered on the bar. The pulse frequency can be from the brake lever 40 be controlled from. It is advantageous here that the valve does not have to have an intermediate state. If you do not operate the brake lever, the piezo valve simply remains open and the fluid flows freely in the connection channel 14 , During braking, the piezo valve is closed and the fluid no longer flows in the connection channel. The pistons are solidified and complete braking takes place. For a force metering, the piezo valve will be opened and closed at a high frequency so that the flow of liquid in the channel can be regulated. Depending on how often the valve is opened or closed, you can regulate the liquid flow. For example, if the piezo valve is opened and closed 100 times per second, with 0.001 seconds being needed for a complete cycle (once the piezo valve is fully opened and closed), then the brake power transmission will be approximately 5%. That's because about 95% of the time, the valve is open. Practically, this value is even lower, because the inertia of the liquid and the Piezoventil displacement value have not been calculated. But if the piezo valve is controlled 500 times per second, then about 25% of the braking force is transmitted to the swash plate. The higher the frequency of the pulses that close the piezo valve, the higher the braking force transmission, because the liquid is braked more and more. The braking force transmission is controllable not only by the frequency of the valve but also by its period of time during which the valve remains open. Practically, the longer the valve remains at each closing cycle, the stronger the braking force.

For the construction of the system chosen two ways become. The system can be designed to be live the valve is closed. If there is no voltage, it will open. In this case would be the brake is ineffective in the absence of tension. The other possibility that would be the valve is not closed until it is energized. That way would be the brake is permanently actuated in the absence of voltage or the vehicle is braked. Both variants can be and have disadvantages. Depending on the vehicle, you can choose the optimal variant choose. Or you can use one as a handbrake and the other variant for the footbrake use. The electrical variants are preferably in the motorcycle field installed while the mechanical ones are to use with valves in bike area.

In the 2 to 6 variants have been presented in which instead of a swash plate an eccentric 17 is installed. The eccentric is only slightly eccentric and comes with a sleeve 18 wrapped, which is stored inside. The pistons are coupled to the sleeve. The connection is made for example by a ball 27 , which can be installed in a socket joint in the bulb wall. The impression cylinder 12 are arranged diametrically around the eccentric. Once the eccentric pushes a piston into the cylinder, then the liquid passes through the connection channel 14 flow in the opposite cylinder and push the piston outwards there. This process continues to run until the valve obstructs the path of the liquid partially or completely. If the channel is only partially blocked then we will create a damping force that slows down the piston movement. This creates a braking force that acts on the eccentric.

The eccentric can also be built in the form of a sleeve, with the brake elements in the room 55 can be installed in the eccentric. The eccentric surface would then be scanned from the inside. The whole system would fit perfectly in the wheel hub area, with the hub shell forming the eccentric ( 2 ).

The 7 shows a C-shaped pressure chamber 38 which has many advantages. Here, instead of two pistons, only one piston, here as a converter piston 36 is designated, installed. This transducer piston has a gap 37 on, which is installed in the middle. The C-shaped pressure chamber 38 has two chamber ends 35 on, where the converter piston is inserted. He connects these two ends with each other. In the gap 37 between his walls 19 is the eccentric 17 introduced. The sleeve 18 the eccentric touches at most one of the walls, because they are arranged a little wider than the outside diameter of the sleeve. This is deliberately chosen to allow a smooth glide. The eccentric movement of the eccentric pushes the transducer piston back and forth and brings the fluid into the chamber. The curvature of the chamber has advantages, because in this case the connecting channel practically forms the curved chamber. The valve is installed in the middle of the chamber.

In the 8th has been presented a variant similar to that from the 7 is built, but here instead of the eccentric a swash plate 1 is installed. The swash plate 1 instead of a conventional brake disc, is with the wheel axle or with the wheel hub or with the wheel 9 directly, fixed or detachably coupled. If it should be detachably coupled, then the connection should be made by screws or snap-on closures. The contact surface 4 can be built smoothly or with concentrically arranged grooves 29 be provided. The statically built-in pressure chamber (pressure cylinder or working cylinder) 38 , which is built U-shaped or C-shaped, with a liquid 13 filled, has two ends 35 and a connection channel 14 on. The liquid will migrate from one end of the pressure chamber to the other in a pressure-transmitting manner. The transducer piston 36 located in the U- or C-shaped pressure chamber ends 35 is inserted and connects the two ends of the pressure chamber with each other, has a gap 37 on, in which the swash plate is partially inserted. The gap forms at least two opposite walls 19 , between which the swash plate rotates staggering. In the walls 19 each one bearing is installed. The bearings slidingly touch the two surfaces 4 the swash plate 1 , wherein the wobble of the swash plate, the piston in the pressure chamber 38 , preferably offset parallel to the Raddrehachse in a reciprocating pivotal movement. Here too is a mechanical valve 7 or electrovalve 15 present in the connection channel 14 is installed, which can steplessly or stepwise control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers, and which can completely interrupt this flow of liquid when closing, in which case the transducer piston can not move and the swash plate retains a fixed angle tilt. As a result, the rotational movements of the swash plate are blocked and a braking force transmitted to the wheel.

The valve does not have to be installed in the pressure chamber connection channel, but alternatively be installed near the brake lever and through hydraulic lines 41 be coupled with the pressure chambers ( 10 ).

To incorporate the swash plate easily in bicycles later, it may be separable into two or more parts, which are connectable with each other to form a compact disc ( 11 ). The disc can be divided into two halves, which are connected by screws (preferably Allen screws).

In motorcycles, it is advantageous to install an electrovalve, with a controller 26 connected to the solenoid valve 15 is coupled, can be installed ( 12 ). Of course, even with motorcycles mechanical valves can be installed without electrical control.

On the other hand, also bicycles Nowadays, there are rechargeable energy sources that can prevent the use of allow electrical controls.

The controller can be equipped with a controllable signal generator 21 be coupled, which generates adjustable electrical impulses or alternating currents, whereby electrically controllable elements, preferably the solenoid valve is controlled ( 13 ). It is also possible to install phase-angle controllers that function similarly to the controllers with thyristor circuits. An AC signal is first cut into phases, which are then routed to the solenoid valve. This allows a metered braking force through a phase-cut control of the valve. The valve does not have to be able to maintain an intermediate level in this case. He should only be able to close the connection channel. The intermediate levels of the valve are generated by a high number of pulses reaching the valve. The valve begins to close and before that happens, it is electrically relieved again, so it starts to open. The liquid flow is not interrupted completely but only more or less braked, resulting in a finely controlled braking force.

The system can also be equipped with several swashplates, one behind the other in rows with the wheel axle 2 fixed or detachably coupled, with corresponding pressure cylinder and piston are installed between the discs which are pivotable in the direction of rotation axes back and forth ( 14 ). In between, the ball bearings, plates, piston and cylinder systems are installed. The liquid flows only horizontally, or in the rotation axis direction. The valves should work simultaneously and simultaneously close or open several channels.

In the variants, wherein the pressure chamber is built U-shaped or C-shaped, not necessarily a converter piston must be installed. A piston can be attached to each end ( 15 ). The pistons are through the channel 14 With positively connected to each other. As soon as one of the pistons is pushed through the swash plate, the other piston simultaneously moves in the direction of the swash plate.

The Pistons should be coupled with ball bearings instead of levers be sliding on the swash plate and from the pivoting movement pick up the liquid then sets in motion. This variant would be simpler, more stable and virtually maintenance free.

Preferably with bicycles one can install instead of pistons, elastic membranes or rubber walls or elastic walls at the points where the piston would have to be ( 16 ). These membranes may have convolutions and transfer the pressure force from one pressure chamber to the other. The membranes can each have a metal plate 50 equipped, which is stored and slides on the swash plate. The elastic walls or membranes can be equipped with reinforcing fibers. These walls close the cylinder openings and will allow the liquid to flow back and forth due to the pressure caused by the movement of the oblique swash plate. Once the valve is closed, no liquid flows and the membranes hold the position. As a result, the rotational movements of the swash plate are completely blocked by the brake system. The bearings can be installed on the plate or on the swash plate. That would not matter.

Instead of the valve or solenoid valve may be an electrorheological 43 Liquid, which fills the cylinder or at least the connection channel, are attached. In this case, one or more electrodes 42 necessary, which can control the state of aggregation of the liquid by electrical voltage from liquid to solid and vice versa. Of course, also includes an energy source and a controller 45 to that which is coupled to the electrodes ( 17 ). The same thing works with an electrorheological fluid 45 by two or more electrodes 46 is controlled. Depending on the tension, this liquid can also solidify or continuously change its strength. The speed with which these fluids can change their aggregate state is amazingly high. Nowadays they are able to change their condition up to 1500 times per second, which can keep up with very fast valves. If even smaller fins are installed in the connection channel, then small changes in the aggregate state of the liquid will immediately have great effect. The viscous liquid can not flow back and forth quickly and thus causes a braking or complete blockage of the piston and thus a braking force transmission to the wheel. The aggregate state of the liquid is analog (stepless) controllable, so a very accurate Dosing of the power transmission is feasible. This method is advantageous over conventional valves because it works quickly and because there are no wearing parts. Disadvantage is the energy consumption, therefore not necessarily interesting for bicycles. For motorcycles, however, this variant can easily establish itself.

The 18 shows a system where instead of the valve or solenoid valve, a magnetorheological fluid 46 , which fills the pressure chamber or at least the connection channel, is used. Here are one or more electromagnets 44 necessary, which control the state of aggregation of the liquid by magnetic field from liquid to solid and vice versa, similar to the electrorheological fluid. electromagnet 44 controlled by a controller 45 create a magnetic field that rapidly changes liquid state from liquid to solid, causing the pistons to move more slowly or be stopped altogether (depending on the toughness level of the liquid). Once the magnetic field is switched off, the solid matter becomes liquid again and the pistons can move freely again. The toughness degree is infinitely adjustable and depends on the magnetic field strength.

The variant, wherein the swash plate is scanned from both sides, is very robust. A capsule housing 20 almost completely envelopes the swash plate 1 , The other side of the housing is fixed or removable eg by screws coupled to the bicycle frame. In the housing, the piston system is installed. It can be installed, for example, two pistons, which sense the same circular sector of the swash plate from both sides, or through a ball bearing 6 touch. Optimally, systems with four or six pistons are also suitable. In the latter case, three pistons at an angle of 120 ° would be distributed on each side of the swashplate. As soon as the swashplate rotates, it pushes the pistons back and forth with their turn-angle arrangement, every turn. Depending on which phase the pistons are in, the liquid will also move from one cylinder to the other. With the valve open, there is no brake force transmission because the pistons are moving freely and the swashplate's angular inclinations are causing a "wave" movement on the piston When the valve begins to constrict the fluid communication channel, it becomes more difficult This increases the piston resistance on the swashplate, and as a result, more and more damping / braking force is transmitted to the swashplate, the farther the valve is closed, the stronger the transmission will take If the valve is completely closed, then the power transmission is over to 100%. Due to a fine valve control, a regulation of the power transmission from 0 to 100% is infinitely variable and very precisely metered possible. In a motorcycle that would bring excellent qualities. The brake will not break even if it is pressed longer.

One Advantage of this system is also the fact that the braking force can be dosed very finely. Also the control via ABS or other stabilization systems on motorcycles is child's play. Even without ABS system, this brake itself has anti-lock properties. She blocks namely not if the valve is not fully closed. Even if that Wheel would slip during braking, it would, slower than the driving speed, turn anyway. So the bike or the bike would be then of course steerable because the wheel would not be blocked and because it is turning would. That would be like an ABS system with an infinitely high braking pulse frequency.

The Vessel or the Channel in which the liquid is located, can U or C-shaped built, with the two ends near the swashplate surfaces (two-sided) to find oneself. The pressure chamber encloses a part of the swash plate without to touch her and brings the pistons into contact with each side of the disc Swash plate surfaces.

The Valve can also by a small stepper motor (in motorcycles), the is coupled by a mini-transmission coupled to the valve. The transmission can move the valve back and forth and thus one Cause narrowing of the canal. The position is also held, as long as the mini-transmission remains inactive. The valve can also through an electromagnet or a magnetostriction element driven become.

The bike can be very effective with an energy recovery system that consists of at least one solenoid coil 47 which is statically installed and a permanent magnet 39 equipped in the form of a free-running piston or as part of a piston in the fluid channel, which induces, by its reciprocation, an electrical current induced in the coil, which is relayed in an energy storage system ( 19 ).

Instead of of liquid Air can also be used simply. Similar to the liquid would be there Air pressed through the connecting channel and its pressure through the valve is controlled. The use of air has some advantages itself: the system becomes lighter and easier. Disadvantages are also Thereby: the system is only for bicycles or very light motorcycles suitable. Incidentally, a rubber effect also occurs because the air is compressible is and the brake may not be can attack immediately with full force. By the use of relatively wide pressure chambers can minimize the problem.

In the 20 a brake energy recovery system has been illustrated in connection with the air pressure variant, wherein the piston or the converter piston with a piston channel 51 is equipped, which on reaching an end position and a high air pressure, an air flow from the pressure chamber to the outside, preferably to a compressed air reservoir 52 connected to the pressure chamber by a pressure line 53 is coupled. Each time a braking operation is performed, air is compressed and introduced into a compressed air tank. The compressed air can later be converted into torque for the starting phase of the bicycle by a compressed air motor and move the bicycle.

The 21 shows a variant, wherein instead of balls in the camp, small cones 28 that are dulled, are built-in. The bearing elements, which have the shape of a cone or truncated cone, are installed radially on the swash plate or on the plate. The cone angle should be chosen so that the cone makes a circle that is smaller or equal to the size of the swash plate. Also, the surface / contact surface of the swash plate and / or the plate should be slightly tapered inclined construction. As a result, the rotational movement would be very stable.

The 22 shows a system where the connection channel ( 51 / 14 ) directly into the transducer piston 36 is integrated. The valve 7 or an electrovalve is also in the piston. This variant is very simple and can be optimally installed in a bicycle.

The valve can be designed to be operated by pulling or pushing. Also by using levers, you can very well use the valve with a pull rope 16 couple.

In all the variants shown here, the forces acting on the piston are highly dependent on the bicycle / motorcycle weight, the weight of the driver, the swashplate's angular tilt and its size. The valve or solenoid valve can be designed so that it does not immediately close completely the connection channel, so that a gentle braking force transmission takes place on the wheels. This would mean that initially the brake is not operated with full power, but the power is transmitted more smoothly. This is important, especially if the bike or motorcycle has a high speed. In this case would be inde pendent From the force exerted on the brake lever or the brake pedal, if a certain force were exceeded, transmit a braking force to the wheel that would not completely block the wheel. As a valve, a simple channel-closing system can be installed, which consists of a closing body which is electromagnetically movable back and forth, which can close a part of the channel. As a closing body are very good as: cone or ball suitable (similar to ball or cone valves).

The Pressure chamber can be built so that only little liquid is pressed back and forth. The connection channel connecting the pressure chamber can be very be wide so that the liquid is unhindered can wander back and forth. As a liquid can e.g. a hydraulic oil, preferably slightly liquid, be used. The brake system can except in bicycles and motorcycles also be installed in almost every vehicle. Also other machines or devices can to be upgraded. sports equipment (Exercise bike, treadmill, etc.), leisure equipment (Cycles, Inline skates, model vehicles, model train, etc.), motorized vehicles of all kinds, such as Motorcycles, Quads, garden tools (Mowing machine, Lawn trimmer), agricultural machines (combine harvesters, tractors), heavy Construction vehicles (excavators, bulldozers, heavy trucks, trains, electric trains, etc.), Industrial machines (drilling machines, milling machines, lathes, robot machines etc.), water transport vehicles, ships etc. can be equipped with this brake become.

With Small modifications, this brake can also be used as a rotation brake be conceived. It would be optimal for all devices or devices suitable to use the rotation brakes so far. Starting at Laptop displays that can be opened up to drawers, hoods, subjects, etc., just everywhere, where a uniform and quiet motion is to be achieved, this brake can be used become.

1

Swashplate / control dial

2

Wheel axis of rotation

 3

Additional plate

 4

swash plate surface

 5

Plate

6

ball-bearing

7

Valve

8th

piston

9

wheel

10

lever

11

Joint / ball joint

12

Pressure chamber, Printing cylinder, working cylinder

13

liquid

14

Connecting passage

15

solenoid valve

16

rope

17

eccentric

18

shell

19

-Gap walls

20

casing

21

Signal generator

22

piezo valve

23

Brake lever

24

Capsule housing

25

Housing opening

26

control

27

Bullet

28

cone

29

grooves

30

elastic Walls or membranes

 31

Reinforcing fibers

 32

bicycle frame

 33

connecting rods

 34

Articulating

 35

Pressure chamber ends

 36

Converter flask

 37

groove or gap in the transducer piston

38

C-shaped pressure chamber

39

permanent magnet

40

brake lever

41

Hydraulic lines

42

electrodes

43

electrorheological liquid

 44

electromagnet

 45

control for the Physical state

46

magnetorheological liquid

47

Electromagnetic coil (for energy gain)

48

regulator

49

Energy Source

 50

Metal plate

51

Piston channel

52

Compressed air reservoir

53

pressure line

 54

spoke

 55

room in the eccentric

Claims (69)

Braking device for single-track vehicles, preferably for bicycles or motorcycles, characterized in that it comprises at least - a rotating / swash plate ( 1 ), instead of a conventional brake disc, which is directly, fixed or detachably coupled to the wheel axle or to the wheel, which is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation ( 2 ), but is arranged obliquely or angle-inclined, with its contact surface ( 4 ) is smooth or with concentrically arranged grooves ( 29 ), - a plate ( 5 ), which is mounted on the surface of the oblique swash plate ( 4 ), wherein the bearings allow a smooth sliding of the plate on the swash plate, with a Öff in the middle, - one or more pistons ( 8th ), with the plate ( 5 ), preferably close to the plate edge by lever ( 10 ) are articulated coupled, which almost parallel to the Raddrehachse ( 2 ) are arranged and are movable in this direction, - one or more statically installed pressure chambers / pressure cylinders or working cylinders ( 12 ), to which the pistons are attached, which are connected to each other by a liquid guide channel or connecting channel ( 14 ) connected to a liquid ( 13 ) are filled, the liquid pressure transmitting from a pressure chamber / pressure cylinder ( 12 ) can migrate to the other, - a mechanical valve ( 7 ) or electrovalve ( 15 ) located in the connection channel ( 14 ), which can steplessly or gradually control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers / pressure cylinders, and which can completely interrupt this liquid flow when closing, in which case the pistons can not move and the plate no longer the tumbling motion of the swash plate by sliding on imitates its surface, but retains a fixed angular inclination and thereby blocks the rotational movements of the swash plate, - a bracket or a joint, which is rigidly connected to the plate at one end and with the other end to a static part of the bicycle, the one which allows a wobbling movement of the plate but completely blocks, has or consists of these parts ( 1 ). Brake device for single-track vehicles, preferably for bicycles or motorcycles, characterized in that it comprises at least - a small eccentric ( 17 ), which is coupled with the impeller in a force-transmitting or force-locking manner, - a sleeve ( 18 ), which is mounted inside and which surrounds the eccentric, whereby the eccentric in the sleeve can rotate freely, - one or more pistons ( 8th ), which are arranged radially around the sleeve, which are articulated coupled to the sleeve, or simply touch the sleeve, - one or more pressure chamber ( 12 ), in which the pistons are installed, which are provided with connection channels ( 14 ) are coupled to each other, which are filled with a liquid that can transmit a compressive force from one piston to the other, - a mechanical valve ( 7 ) or an electrovalve ( 15 ) installed in the connecting channel, which can control the fluid flow from one chamber to the other, or consists of these parts ( 2 to 6 ). Braking device according to claim 2, characterized in that the eccentric ( 17 ) is a hollow body having a free space ( 55 ), in which the brake elements, preferably the pistons, the valve and the pressure chamber are installed ( 2 ). Brake device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that instead of the piston and the pressure chamber, they at least, - a C- or U-shaped pressure chamber ( 38 ) filled with liquid having two ends ( 35 ), the ends forming a wide gap, - a transducer piston ( 36 ), in the ends ( 35 ) and connects them to each other with a gap ( 37 ) in the middle, in which the eccentric ( 17 ) and its internally mounted sleeve ( 18 ), wherein the gap is at least as wide or preferably slightly wider than the outer diameter of the sleeve ( 18 ), wherein during rotation the sleeve seals the gap walls ( 19 ) alternately touched, - a mechanical valve ( 7 ) or an electrovalve ( 15 ), which in the C-shaped pressure chamber, preferably in the connecting channel ( 14 ), which can control the fluid flow from one end of the chamber to the other, comprises or consists of these parts ( 7 ). Brake device for single-track vehicles, preferably for bicycles or motorcycles, characterized in that it comprises at least one annular swash plate ( 1 ), instead of a conventional brake disc, with the wheel axle or with the wheel hub or with the impeller ( 9 ) is coupled directly, fixed or detachable, which is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation ( 2 ), but is arranged obliquely or angle-inclined, with its contact surface ( 4 ) is smooth or with concentrically arranged grooves ( 29 ), - a statically built pressure chamber / pressure cylinder or working cylinder ( 38 ), which is U-shaped or C-shaped, which is filled with a liquid ( 13 ), which consists of two ends ( 35 ) and a connection channel ( 14 ), wherein the fluid can transmit pressure-transmitting from one end of the pressure chamber / pressure cylinder to the other, - a transducer piston ( 36 ), which - in the U- or C-shaped pressure chamber ends ( 35 ), - the two ends ( 35 ) connects the pressure chamber with each other, - a gap ( 37 ), a groove or a recessed area in the center into which the swash plate is partially inserted, wherein the groove or the recessed area has a gap with at least two opposite walls (FIG. 19 ) between which the swash plate rotates tumbling, wherein in the walls ( 19 ) a bearing is installed in each case and by the bearing the two surfaces ( 4 ) of the swash plate ( 1 ), wherein the wobble of the swash plate the Piston in the pressure chamber ( 38 ) is displaced in a reciprocating motion, preferably parallel to the wheel rotation axis, - a mechanical valve ( 7 ) or electrovalve ( 15 ) located in the connection channel ( 14 ), which can steplessly or stepwise control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers / pressure cylinders, and which can completely interrupt this liquid flow when closing, in which case the transducer piston can not move and the swash plate retains a fixed angle inclination and thereby blocks, has or consists of the rotating movements of the swash plate ( 8th ). Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve by a pull rope ( 16 ) or a hydraulic line with the brake lever ( 43 ) is coupled and is controllable in this way. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve is not installed in the pressure chamber connecting channel, but in the vicinity of the brake lever and by hydraulic lines ( 41 ) is connected to the pressure chambers ( 10 ). Brake device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electric valve by electrical line with a controller ( 48 ) connected to the brake lever ( 23 ) is mechanically connected. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that several pressure chambers installed per impeller are. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate with a hole in the center is provided. Brake device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the hole is a for the introduction in a wheel axle or in a wheel hub has matching diameter. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate is in the form of a thick Ringes has. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the swash plate is separable in two or more parts, which are connectable to each other to form a compact disc ( 11 ). Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate of a hard Material that is quite thick and sturdy. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is housed in a housing ( 20 . 24 ) is attached. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, thereby in that the electro valve is built precisely - when fully activated Electric valve, the pistons can swing freely back and forth, where no brake force transmission takes place, - at partially closed solenoid valve, accordingly incomplete braking force transmission takes place, - inactive Electric valve a full Brake force transmission takes place on the impeller. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, thereby in that the electro valve is built precisely - not at activated electrovalve, the pistons swing freely back and forth can, with no brake force transmission takes place, - at partially closed solenoid valve, accordingly incomplete braking force transmission takes place, - when fully active Electric valve a full Brake force transmission takes place on the impeller. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the rotating parts of the device are balanced. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electrovalve is a fast valve is. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electrovalve is a solenoid valve, or a magnetostriction valve or a piezo valve is. Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with a control ( 26 ) connected to the electrovalve ( 15 ) is equipped ( 12 ). Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the controller with a clocked System is equipped. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller with a controllable signal generator ( 21 ) which generates adjustable electrical pulses or alternating currents, whereby electrically controllable elements, preferably the electrovalve is controlled ( 13 ). Brake device according to claim 23, characterized that the output signal of the signal generator is controllable, that the frequency and / or the amplitude is adjustable. Braking device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized characterized in that the electrovalve is controlled so that it very fast and with one through the controller or signal generator generated frequency on and off. Braking device according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the signal frequency and / or the Amplitude over the brake lever of the bicycle / motorcycle or the brake pedal of the motorcycle is controllable. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electrovalve with a signal is controlled at high frequency. Braking device according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that the control with a phase control circuit Is provided. Brake device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized characterized in that the frequency of the signal at least several Hz or KHz. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the pistons through the electrovalve controlled, the angular inclination of the mounted plate on the swash plate not continuously but with high frequency in short intervals very often rigid, being only during the rigid state a resistance force is generated on the swash plate. Braking device according to one of claims 23 to 30, characterized in that the generator generating the signal which controls the solenoid valve, the time in one cycle, while the valve closed or open, change can. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that they are directly or by a massive Rubber part is coupled with the bike / motorcycle frame. Braking device according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the valve path of a lever, preferably over the brake lever of the bicycle / motorcycle is controllable. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate by additional weight or weight shift is balanced. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of rotary / control discs / swash plates ( 1 ), one behind the other with the wheel axle ( 2 ) are fixedly or removably coupled, wherein corresponding pressure cylinder and piston are installed between the discs, which are pivotable in the direction of rotation axis back and forth has ( 14 ). Braking device according to one of claims 23 to 35, characterized in that the generator one or more Having oscillator circuits, both the frequency and the amplitude of the vibrations is adjustable. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate with at least one exchangeable plate, which is attached to the surface, equipped is. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate and / or the stored Plate and / or the housing made of very hard material. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in systems with multiple pistons, this star shape are arranged. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the valve has a long actuation path Has. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the solenoid valve not only up and to take and hold positions but also any intermediate positions. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that instead of an electrovalve or piezo valve a mechanical valve is built in, with a small electric driven gear, preferably coupled to a worm gear is that bring the valve in any intermediate position and hold can. Brake device according to claim 42, characterized in that that the valve is driven by a stepper motor. Braking device according to one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that the pressure chamber / pressure cylinder U- or C-shaped is built, wherein at both ends in each case a piston is mounted ( 15 ). Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the bearings, rather than balls, with rollers or with bearing elements that take the form of a cone or truncated cone have, are equipped. Braking device according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that the piston instead of lever directly coupled with ball bearings, which are on the swash plate Sliding touch and from which they record the pivoting motion, which then the liquid sets in motion. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the swash plate or the eccentric not round but rather oval or their contact surface hilly built is. Brake device according to claim 47, characterized that the surface the swash plate or the eccentric is built, the one diametrical arrangement of alternating hills and valleys on the surface itself located. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, instead of pistons, elastic membranes or rubber walls to the points where the piston would have to be installed ( 16 ). Braking device according to claim 49, characterized in that the membranes or rubber walls each having a plate ( 50 ) are made of a metal or alloy. Braking device according to claim 50, characterized in that the plate ( 50 ) is equipped with a bearing which slides on the swash plate. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve or electrovalve is controlled or constructed such that it blocks the connection channel ( 14 ) can not close immediately when the brake pedal operation, with a smooth brake power transmission is possible. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the closing speed of the valve at brake lever operation by a built-in special control depending on the driving speed of the bike or motorcycle is. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that instead of the valve or electrovalve at least - an electrorheological fluid ( 43 ), which fills the cylinder / pressure chamber or at least the connection channel, - one or more electrodes ( 42 ), which can control the state of aggregation of the liquid by electrical voltage from liquid to solid and vice versa, - a controller ( 45 ), which is coupled to the electrodes, - an energy source, has ( 17 ). Braking device according to one of claims 1 to 53, characterized in that instead of the valve or electrovalve at least - a magnetorheological fluid ( 46 ), which fills the cylinder / pressure chamber or at least the connection channel, - one or more electromagnets ( 44 ), which can control the state of aggregation of the liquid by magnetic field from liquid to solid and vice versa, - a controller ( 45 ), which is coupled to the electromagnets, - an energy source ( 49 ), having ( 18 ). Braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an energy-generating system consisting of at least one electromagnet coil ( 47 ), which is statically installed and a permanent magnet ( 39 ) installed in the form of a free-running piston or as part of a piston in the fluid channel, which induces, by its reciprocation, an electrical current induced in the coil, which is relayed in an energy storage system ( 19 ). Braking device according to claim 56, characterized in that the piston consists partly or completely of a permanent magnet, wherein the coil is installed in the pressure chamber wall or outside. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fluid channel is built in a mini-turbine that can spin quickly through the fluid flow coupled to a power generator. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the valve control with an anti-lock system and / or an electronic stability program control, is coupled. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that it is designed as a foot or handbrake is. Braking device according to one of claims 56 to 60, characterized in that the piston additionally or only by electrical Current through the electromagnetic field interaction between static attached coils and a permanent magnet piston, as well as a controller, which regulates the electric current or turns it into an energy store dissipates, is braked. Brake device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston or converter piston with a connecting channel ( 51 / 14 ), in which the liquid or the air can flow / flow, in which the valve is installed, which allows the pressure equalization between two pressure chambers when the valve is open, equipped ( 22 ). Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber instead of liquid, filled with air are. Braking device according to claim 63, characterized in that the piston or the converter piston is equipped with a channel which, when reaching an end position and a high air pressure, an air flow from the pressure chamber to the outside, preferably to a compressed air reservoir, which with the pressure chamber is coupled by a pressure line ( 16 ). Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that it is designed for sports equipment of all kinds and in which is installed where a braking effect is required. Brake device according to claim 65, characterized in that that they are preferably in trim wheels or sports equipment, which have a flywheel, which is to be braked installed is. Brake device according to claim 65 or 66, characterized characterized in that they are incorporated in inline scates or streetboards is. Brake device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that it is designed as a rotation brake is. Brake device according to claim 68, characterized in that that they are installed as a rotation brake in devices or devices is, so far a conventional Use a rotation brake.