DE202006010633U1 - Brake system for vehicle, comprises brake disk replaced by combined action of crankshaft and cylinder and piston unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A crankshaft (1) is directly joined to the wheel axle (2), both rotating around the same horizontal axis. Several pistons (8) are connected to the crankshaft (1) with connecting rods (6) positioned radial and in a right angle to the axis. The pistons (8) are moved inside cylinders (9) interconnected by a fluid duct (11) in order to facilitate the motion of the fluid between the chambers (9) and to transmit the pressure as required. The level of flow can be controlled with a control unit (22) acting on an electric valve (12) located within the duct (11).

Description

The The invention relates to a brake system that is almost everywhere where a conventional Brake is needed, preferably used in vehicle technology is.

The Brake is a very important device in every vehicle is installed. The brake brakes the vehicle by turning the Wheels slowed down or completely blocked. There are numerous types of brake systems such as. Hydraulic brake, disc brake, drum brake, pull cable brake, etc., which are used in various types of vehicles. The brake can mechanically driven by a rope or hydraulically. Also electrically driven brakes are becoming more common in automotive engineering see. The principle is the same for all brake systems. A disk or a drum coupled with the wheels is and which is like the wheels is pressed or rubbed by brake shoes or brake pads and thereby it is slowed down. The friction generates a very high heat, the depends on the braking force and the speed of the vehicle. The heat can be so high that the disc (with disc brakes) can deform. In expensive vehicles are ceramic discs used, which can endure more heat. The bekante disc brake has a brake disc, which is pressed between two rotary plates becomes, being dependent from the press force more or less a connection arises and thereby a power transmission takes place. The operating principle and the basis of brake systems is the friction force. Through this force is a connection between the turntables and the brake pads. At first, if the brake disc is only slightly pressed against the blocks, only becomes transfer little braking force on the brake disc. The stronger the Slice is pressed, the higher the transmitted power. However she does not increase in exact proportion to the brake pedal movement. Especially if that Vehicle is a few years old, the brake does not engage in time and the vehicle can be stopped with a delay. Emotionally creates a practiced one Driver (who has familiarized himself with the vehicle) the vehicle still satisfactorily stop.

The Brake can be actuated by the driver's power and the wheels at the same time To block. However, that can easily be done only on very small vehicles. In normal cars, the muscle power is usually insufficient to generate enough braking power to make the vehicle standstill quickly bring to. Therefore, power amplifiers are used, which is the braking force strengthen and this for use the braking process. The braking force is from the power amplifier through Hydraulic lines transferred to brake cylinders on each wheel. The brake cylinders press the brake pads (or brake shoes) against the brake disc, the sandwitschartig in between is installed and between which turns. The contact pressure can be steplessly controlled and thus also the braking force. The Friction energy goes through braking completely lost. Also the total kinetic and potential energy of the Vehicle goes completely lost. This means that every braking process causes a loss of energy caused. There are attempts to brake energy by electrical elements back to win.

• – ungünstiger Wirkungsgrad (Verluste durch Reibung)
• – keine Kraft-Formschlüssige Verbindung (1–5% Schlupf)
• – hohe Verschleiß,
• – Beschädigung durch lange ununterbrochene Benutzung (z.B. bei LKW und bei Bergabfahrt).

The conventional brake systems also have many disadvantages.

• - unfavorable efficiency (losses due to friction)
• - no force-positive connection (1-5% slip)
• - high wear,
• - Damage due to long uninterrupted use (eg in the case of trucks and downhill).

• – wenn das Fahrzeug oft viele Male hinter einander gebremst wird oder die Bremse längere Zeit betätigt wird,
• – langzeitiges Bremspedal-Teilbetätigung, bei Bergabfahrt,
• – langes Betätigen bei schneller Fahrt.

There are many disadvantages to the conventional braking systems with brake discs. The brake disc can be destroyed quickly:

• - if the vehicle is often braked many times behind each other or the brake is operated for a long time,
• - long-term brake pedal part operation, when going downhill,
• - long press at high speed.

In all these cases, becomes the conventional brake very quickly hot and can be destroyed. The brake disc can be deformed by the heat or it can be out of fixation break out, which in a further braking operation, the brake ineffective is.

One Another disadvantage of the conventional brake system is also the fact that it is not very accurate. One can never exactly the power transmission dosing. This does not allow the functional principle. The brake disc yes, it rubs against at least one statically mounted brake plate and is heated quickly by friction and stress. The increase in Temperature changes at least slightly the Characteristics of the brake disc, which also leads to altered grip. Either the brake disc, as well as the brake pads wear with time and need be renewed sometime. A disadvantage is also the elaborate taxes through ABS or ESP systems.

Very interesting would be the idea of a brake system that works with an eccentric or crankshaft. Crankshafts are very often used in engines, compressors, pumps, as well as sports equipment.

The registration DE 37 162 02 C3 describes a brake system wherein an eccentric is used for power transmission on a brake disc. Here, a modification of the conventional disc brake with friction effect is described, wherein the eccentric member is merely a power transmission member, which helps to press the brake disc.

It are also brake systems for heavy vehicles known to be assisted by the vehicle engine or completely executed by the engine (so-called engine brake). In In this case, no fuel is supplied in the engine and the pistons are pressed only air in the combustion chambers. The braking force is through the crankshaft of the engine to the transmission and from there transferred to the wheels. This creates a braking force that is particularly important when driving downhill is. A similar System was also used centuries ago in steam locomotives, with the steam power in a cylinder by countermeasure to a braking effect led. This method only works if the drive is switched off becomes. As long as the engine is running no braking effect is to be expected in this way.

One Brake system in which a small eccentric with accompanying elements (working cylinder, Piston, valve control, etc.) as a brake directly and independently of the drive or motor is used with the impeller of Vehicle is coupled directly or with its drive shaft, wherein a braking effect only by a controlled fluid flow in a working cylinder is achieved in a connection channel, is not known.

Of the in the protection claims 1 to 47 indicated invention is based on the problem, a brake system to create, that is very comfortable, that is able very much precisely to meter the braking force, easy to control is the driving force on the wheels throttle very well or completely can stop and without conventional Brake-disc friction effect gets along.

This Problem is with the features listed in the protection claims 1 to 47 solved. The protection claims 48 to 50 also extend this invention in the coupling-solution field.

• – nahezu verschleißfreies Betrieb,
• – sehr kleine Energieverluste und geringe Wärmeerzeugung,
• – umweltschonend (durch die Energieersparung),
• – sehr langlebig,
• – exakt steuerbar,
• – schonend für den Motor und das Getriebe,
• – es vermittelt dem Fahrer ein bisher noch nie erlebtes Fahrgefühl,
• – kein starkes Reibungseffekt und keine Erhitzung der Bremsteile, wie bei herkömmlichen Bremsen,
• – Bremseffekte wie bei einem analogen ABS-System erzielbar,
• – leicht steuerbar, vorzugsweise optimal für das ABS und ESP-System,
• – kann auch ohne Bremsverstärker eingesetzt werden.

Advantages of the invention are:

• - almost wear-free operation,
• - very low energy losses and low heat generation,
• - environmentally friendly (through energy saving),
• - very durable,
• - exactly controllable,
• - gentle on the engine and transmission,
• It gives the driver an unprecedented driving experience
• No strong frictional effect and no heating of the brake parts, as with conventional brakes,
• - Braking effects as in an analog ABS system achievable,
• Easily controllable, preferably optimal for the ABS and ESP system,
• - Can also be used without brake booster.

The Brake system, which is described here, is designed so that it actually without further brake booster systems gets along. The braking force that an average person on the brake pedal even enough for heavy vehicles (trucks) completely out to brake them. This is hereby possible, because there are no great ones here Force is necessary to achieve a braking effect. Here is only the flow-flow disturbed in a canal, or completely interrupted at full braking, which with a very low Force is feasible. In this brake system is even the ABS system not absolutely necessary, because this brake itself a largely better ABS effect can be achieved as ABS systems themselves.

The Although the invention looks simple, it has significant differences and advantages over a conventional one Brake. The invention uses the flow resistance of a fluid for the braking process. The principle is new and not comparable to that of a turbo clutch. While a turbo coupling the liquid in resistive rotation offset, despite relatively high Energy loss a brake more similar Design could Do not stop the car, at least not so fast as one would wish. The Brake, or this invention, which is described here, is almost a perfect solution for all Problems with a conventional brake system are connected.

Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS 1 to 24 explained. Show it:

1 the innovative brake system,

2 a worm gear that drives the valve,

3 a system with a piezo valve,

4 a variant, wherein the pistons are installed on the same side,

5 a variant with two pistons, which are arranged diametrically,

6 a star arrangement of the pistons,

7 a variant in which a stepper motor drives the valve via a transmission,

8th the U- or C-shaped pressure chamber,

9 a system in which elastic walls are installed instead of pistons,

10 a variant in which a magnetorheological fluid is used instead of valves,

11 a variant in which an electrorheological fluid is used instead of valves,

12 a variant in which an electrorheological (or magnetorheological) fluid is enclosed between two membranes,

13 a variant with an encapsulated housing,

14 a variant with only one piston (transducer piston) is installed,

15 a variant equipped with an eccentric,

16 an eccentric plate,

17 an eccentric body coupled to the rotary shaft,

18 a variant where only one cylinder per impeller is used,

19 the variant with a signal generator,

20 a variant with a signal generator, wherein a magneto / electrorheological fluid is made fast solid or liquid,

21 to 24 the system, which is similar in construction, but designed as a clutch.

The Brake system is a complete one new variant that can brake the wheels steplessly. It is a system that, with an unprecedented and almost absolute precision is controllable. The braking force is arbitrarily proportioned to the Transfer wheels. A great advantage is also the fact that the brake system is very long uninterrupted (partly) operated can be without causing damage. It is almost no heat generated by the brake elements themselves (except for the wheels) and therefore almost no energy conversion to heat takes place. It there is still the possibility an energy recovery or the braking energy can be converted into electrical energy relatively easily will be saved.

The Brake system does not contradict the physical laws, whereby a braking with energy conversion takes place. The kinetic energy of Vehicle is also converted into heat here, but the Brake parts of this brake system, except the wheels of course, are not affected.

The system is not very complicated and here is presented a relatively simplified form. It consists of a crankshaft 1 that with the wheel rotation axis 2 or directly by bike 32 is coupled. This crankshaft can be fixed to the axle 2 coupled or removable fastened eg by screws or rivets. It should work best with the wheel rotation axis or wheel drive shaft 7 be coupled, or form a unit. If it should come to wear, then it can be separated from the wheel axle and replaced. The crankshaft rotates with the wheel. Due to the fact that the crankshaft is coupled to the wheel directly or indirectly by a joint (preferably universal joint) with its rotational force being transmitted to it, braking the crankshaft would simultaneously brake the wheel. The crank pins to which the pistons are coupled are ball bearings 4 fitted. The crankshaft and the accompanying elements must be built very stable. The pistons 8th are in pressure chambers or working cylinders 9 built-in, which is static with the vehicle body 33 are coupled. The connecting rods 6 are the connecting parts that connect the pistons with the crankshaft.

The pistons can be arranged diametrically in pairs. An odd number of pistons may be used, but they should be distributed equidistant geometrically on a circle. The connection is made by connecting rods 6 , which are articulated with both the piston and the crankshaft. The joint 5 may be similar to that built in the vehicle engine. The rotational movement of the wheel is transmitted to the crankshaft. The crankshaft pushes the pistons back and forth. This pivoting movement is transmitted on a liquid. The piston is in a pressure chamber or pressure cylinder / cylinder 9 built-in. The impression cylinder 9 are connected to each other and a liquid 10 can wander from one to another. The pressure cylinder and the pistons can be installed twice, three times or more. The arrangement of the pistons and the working cylinder can be different as in vehicle engines be. The pistons or the working cylinders can be distributed uniformly circular. For example, if two pistons are to be installed, then they can be arranged at 180 °, or diametrically arranged, as in a boxer engine, or on one side, as in an in-line engine. Star arrangements can also be used. The angle could then be 360 ° divided by the number of pistons. With three pistons it is then 120 °. Much more pistons should not be installed because the system becomes more complicated. The impression cylinders are mechanically coupled to a static part of the vehicle and they do not rotate with the wheel. Through a connection channel 11 they are coupled with each other, the liquid being from a cylinder 9 can wander to the other. To the channel / liquid wall channel 11 there is an electric valve 12 , The solenoid valve may be a solenoid valve or a piezo valve and controls the flow of liquid in the fluid path channel. To avoid unbalance of the pistons or vibrations as the fluid travels from one piston-cylinder to the other, the mass of the crankshaft can be distributed as in a motor.

In the 1 a simple variant of this system has been presented. This special crankshaft 1 is rotated by the drive of the motor via a drive shaft together with the wheel. The crankshaft is finally coupled directly to the wheel and replaces the conventional brake disc. The mounted connecting rods 6 Slip on the surface of the crankshaft journals and the pistons swing freely back and forth as the vehicle travels. Movement of the pistons coupled to the working cylinders forces movement of the liquid in the passage 11 back and forth. This moves from one cylinder to the other, depending on the pressure force acting on the piston. No matter how many cylinders are used, all channels can be coupled together in a central area. In this area an electro valve is installed, which can control the liquid flow. There are not many valves to install. Such is enough. His job is to influence the flow or to stop it. The solenoid valve is designed so that it not only has two positions, namely only open and close, but it can take any intermediate position and hold this position also stepless. The electrovalve can also be a mechanical valve that is powered by a small worm gear 13 can be pulled back and forth ( 2 ).

The principle of this system is not too complicated. If the solenoid valve 12 is open, then the liquid flows by the piston movement of a cylinder 9 on the other over the liquid wall channel 11 , The amount of liquid can be very low and the piston can be built relatively small. The faster the vehicle drives, the faster the crankshafts turn 1 that at every wheel 34 , or each wheel axle 2 or wheel drive shaft 7 are installed. The pistons swing with the rotation frequency back and forth. Each rotation causes a complete back and forth pivoting of the pistons. At this speed, the liquid also flows in the connection channel 11 back and forth. The internal diameter of the channel can be chosen so that it does not prevent liquid flows up to 32000 rpm. As a result, the brake system can also be suitable for extremely fast vehicles (such as racing cars). The variants with eccentric are particularly well suited. They are very compact and hardly disturb the drive if the vehicle is to continue unrestrained.

As soon as the solenoid valve 12 To prevent the fluid flow from starting, then the resistance in the connection channel increases 11 and the liquid 10 can only flow through pressure increase in the channel. This generates a force on the piston and thus also on the crankshaft, which counteracts the rotational movements, wherein a braking force is exerted on the crankshaft. The resistance and thus the braking of the rotational movement is more intense, the further the valve is closed, because the time is getting longer, which is necessary to transfer the liquid from one cylinder to the other and the pressure for this transfer must be greater and greater , The rotation is damped in this way. When the valve is closed, there is no liquid flow and the crankshaft remains rigid. The pistons in this case do not allow the crankshaft to rotate. The crankshaft exerts a force on the wheel that tries to brake it. The pistons and the working cylinders can be put into a stable housing 14 to be built in. The housing can additionally prevent the brake parts from divergence or from each other.

The Brake system can be used on both slower and faster vehicles to be built in. In slow vehicles (trucks, ships, tanks or other heavy vehicles) can be the lifting movement of the pistons over the Crankshaft be relatively large. The smaller the stroke, the faster Vehicles can with this brake system be equipped. In this case, the amount of liquid would be which moves back and forth in the channel, smaller and the piston-way shorter.

Fast valves can also be installed, which are driven by piezo technology ( 3 ). In this case, generates a signal generator 15 electrical signals with adjustable frequency and amplitude, the piezoelectric valve 16 controlled who that can. Due to the high frequency of the signal, which can also be delivered as a pulse signal, it is possible to control the piezo valve so that it opens and closes in very short or longer intervals. This will allow proportioned small amounts of fluid to flow through the connecting channel during piston pressurization and produce a "digital brake force." The principle can be explained similarly to electrical clocked circuits In the same way, the mechanical force is transmitted in fine "packages" on the crankshaft. The pulse frequency can be from the brake pedal 17 be controlled from. It is advantageous here that the valve does not have to have an intermediate state. If you do not press the brake pedal, then the piezo valve is simply open and the liquid flows freely in the connection channel. During braking, the piezo valve is closed and the fluid no longer flows in the connection channel. The pistons are solidified and complete braking takes place. For a force metering between full braking and zero braking, the piezo valve is opened and closed at a high frequency, so that the flow of liquid in the channel can be regulated. Depending on how often the valve is opened or closed, you can regulate the liquid flow. For example, if the piezo valve is opened and closed 100 times per second, with 0.001 seconds being needed for a complete cycle (once the piezo valve is fully opened and closed), then the brake power transmission will be approximately 5%. That's because about 95% of the time, the valve is open. Practically, this value is even lower, because the inertia of the liquid and the Piezoventil displacement value have not been calculated. But if the piezo valve is controlled 500 times per second, then about 25% of the braking force is transmitted to the crankshaft. The higher the frequency of the pulses that close the piezo valve, the higher the braking force transmission, because the liquid is braked more and more. The braking force transmission is controllable not only by the frequency of the valve but also by its period of time during which the valve remains closed. Practically the longer the valve remains at each closing cycle, the stronger the braking force ( 19 ).

For the construction of the system chosen two ways become. The system can be designed to be live the valve is closed. If there is no voltage, it will open. In this case would be the brake is ineffective in the absence of tension. The other possibility that would be the valve is not closed until it is energized. That way would be the brake is permanently actuated in the absence of voltage or the vehicle is braked. Both variants can be and have disadvantages. Depending on the vehicle, you can choose the optimal variant choose. Or you can use one as a handbrake and the other variant for the footbrake use.

In the 5 a variant has been shown, wherein the crankshaft is scanned from both sides. In all variants, an encapsulated housing can be installed. The capsule housing 18 almost completely envelopes the crankshaft 1 , In the case 18 can an opening 19 be installed, through which the wheel rotation axis 2 is introduced. The other side of the housing is fixed or removable eg by screws coupled to the vehicle body. On the other side there is also another opening through which the drive shaft is introduced at drive wheels. In the housing, the piston system is installed. For example, two pistons can be installed, which are arranged diametrically. At best systems with three, four or more pistons are suitable. In the latter case, the pistons would be arranged in a star shape ( 6 ). As soon as the crankshaft turns, the pistons are pushed back and forth with each revolution. Depending on which phase the pistons are in, the liquid will also move from one cylinder to the other. When the valve is open, no brake force transmission takes place because the pistons move freely and no damping force acts on the crankshaft. As the valve begins to constrict the fluid communication channel, the fluid migration from one cylinder to the other is made more difficult. This increases the piston resistance on the crankshaft and, as a result, more and more damping / braking force is transmitted to the crankshaft. The further the valve is closed, the stronger the power transmission increases. If the valve is completely closed, then the power transmission is at 100%. Due to a fine valve control, a regulation of the power transmission from 0 to 100% is infinitely variable and very precisely metered possible. In a vehicle that would bring excellent features. The brake will not break even if it is pressed longer.

An advantage of this system is also the fact that the braking power can be really very finely dosed. Controlling via ABS or ESP systems is also child's play. Even without ABS system, this brake itself has anti-lock properties. It does not block if the valve is not fully closed. Although the wheel would slip during braking, it would, while slower than the driving speed to rotate, but this rotation still allows a road contact and a steering possibility. So the vehicle would be steerable automatically because the wheel would not be completely blocked and because it would turn slower. That would be similar like an ABS system with an infinitely high braking pulse frequency.

The vessel or channel in which the liquid is located can be U-shaped or C-shaped ( 8th ). The pressure chamber encloses a part of the crankshaft without touching it.

The Pressure chamber can can be fixed or these can be pivoted through joints be. If these are pivotable, then you can rigidly connected Install piston levers that are rigidly coupled to the pistons.

Around Avoid imbalance if the liquid from a piston cylinder on the other hikes, the mass of the crankshaft may be on the opposite Enlarged area be exactly the mass of the liquid excess in the opposite to the Rotary axis lying pressure cylinder.

The 7 shows a drive for the valve, with a small stepper motor 21 by a miniature transmission 20 with the valve 12 is coupled. The gearbox can move the valve back and forth, causing the channel to narrow. The position is also held while the mini-transmission remains inactive. The valve may also be driven by an electromagnet or a magnetostrictive element.

In all variants that have been presented here are the forces that act on the piston, highly dependent from the vehicle weight, engine power, crankshaft lift and their size. The Vector forces which act on the piston, or the lever, are relatively accurate oriented. On the piston no rotational forces, but only sliding / attraction forces. The torques would destructive act on the piston. The solenoid valve can be designed that it does not immediately close the connection channel, so that a gentle braking power transmission on the wheels takes place. That would mean that initially the brake is not applied with full force, but transmit the power more gently becomes. This is important especially when the vehicle is at a high speed having. In this case would be independently from the applied to the brake pedal Force when a certain pedal force is exceeded would be a Transmit braking force to the wheel, which would not completely block the wheel. As a valve can also be simple channel closing system be installed that consists of a closing body, the electromagnetically and is movable, which can close a part of the channel. When Closing bodies are very good example: cone or ball suitable (similar to ball or Plug valves).

In the 10 a variant has been shown, wherein instead of valves a magnetorheological fluid 25 in the cylinder 9 and / or in the connection channel 11 is satisfied. electromagnet 28 controlled by a controller 29 create a magnetic field that rapidly changes liquid state from liquid to solid, causing the pistons to move more slowly or be stopped altogether (depending on the toughness level of the liquid). Once the magnetic field is switched off, the solid matter becomes liquid again and the pistons can move freely again. The toughness degree is infinitely adjustable and depends on the magnetic field strength. The speed with which the state of the liquid can be changed is very high and can exceed the closing speed of the valves.

The same thing works with an electrorheological fluid 26 by two or more electrodes 27 is controlled ( 11 ).

Depending on the tension, this liquid can also solidify or continuously change its strength. The speed with which these fluids can change their aggregate state is also amazingly high. Nowadays they are able to change their condition up to 1500 times per second, which can keep up with very fast valves. If even smaller fins 31 in the connection channel 11 be installed, then small changes in the aggregate state of the liquid immediately show great effect. The viscous liquid can not flow back and forth quickly and thus causes a braking or complete blockage of the pistons and thus a braking force transmission to the wheel. The slats are made of a stable material and should not be broken at the first full braking , The aggregate state of the liquid is analog (stepless) controllable, so that a very accurate metering of power transmission is feasible. This method is advantageous over conventional valves because it works quickly and because there are no wearing parts.

The rapidly changing liquid does not have to completely fill the cylinders. It can also only in the channel 11 filled with two elastic membranes that form a third chamber and hold this liquid in the middle and separate it from another liquid (eg hydraulic oil) ( 12 ).

The cylinder / pressure chamber can with a support 30 that with the vehicle bodywork 33 connected to be coupled. This increases the stability. The pressure chamber 9 can be built so that only a small amount of fluid is forced back and forth. The connection channel 11 that connects the pressure chamber It can be very wide so that the fluid can move freely back and forth. As a liquid, for example, a hydraulic oil, as light as possible, can be used.

The System can also be equipped with a crankshaft with multiple pistons arranged in rows are equipped. The liquid flows back and forth in each cylinder. The valves should be at the same time work and multiple channels close or open simultaneously can.

14 shows a system in which instead of the crankshaft eccentrically mounted bolt with the wheel or with a disc 36 coupled by lever or connecting rods 6 coupled with the piston. The lever slides with the help of ball bearings 4 on the bolt. The bolt has securing rings that hold the connecting rods in the bolt. This allows movement of the lever in its longitudinal axis direction, but pivoting in another direction is prevented. The connecting rod may be connected to the piston by another lever, or the cylinder may be pivotally coupled about its attachment point. The fact that a disc is installed and the connecting rods do not allow drive shaft, the system is used only for unpowered wheels. The connecting rods slide freely in the bolt and perform cranking movements. As long as the pistons are free to move back and forth and the valve is open, no braking force is generated. Once the valve is the flow channel 11 narrows, then the piston movement is no longer completely free and a damping force is generated, which means a braking force. The rotation of the disc 36 is dampened and thereby the wheel braked. The braking force is from the fluid flow in the channel 11 , or the valve pending.

A similar, but a little different system is in the 15 been presented. Here are reinforced pistons in a space inside a ring 43 installed, in which an eccentrically arranged solid cylinder 38 (Eccentric 46 ) is inserted in the middle. The solid cylinder is coupled to the wheel axle and rotates with the wheel. The pistons each have a bearing on (roller bearings or ball bearings), directly to the solid cylinder 38 touch. The pistons and the pressure cylinders 9 are radial to axis of rotation 2 arranged and fastened with the ring. The attachment can be rigid or articulated. The ring is statically connected to the vehicle body. The solid cylinder 38 It causes wobbling due to its eccentric position and pushes the pistons back and forth in the ring. This creates a fluid migration that can be slowed down by a valve. Fluid flow braking automatically creates a damping force on the piston, and hence resistance, exerted on the eccentric. Because the impeller is directly or indirectly coupled with the eccentric to transmit power, it is also braked. The pistons can be arranged radially, star-shaped or linear. The main thing is that they are able to convert the rotational movement of the wheel into linear motion, which is then controlled by valves.

The 16 shows a variant, with a plate 37 is installed, with the impeller 32 is coupled directly or indirectly, which is similar to the brake disc installed in a conventional brake system with a cavity 40 equipped, in which the pistons and cylinder are mounted. The cavity has a contact surface 41 on, which forms an eccentrically arranged ring on the wheel axle. This contact surface can be with grooves 42 be provided or simply be built smoothly. If it has grooves, then that can be advantageous for the installation of a mounted ring or hollow cylinder 43 be. The grooves would hold the roller bearings or balls of a bearing in the web.

In the 17 an encapsulated variant has been shown. This is an eccentric 46 with an axle shaft 45 coupled, wherein the eccentric in a sleeve 47 is introduced. The sleeve is through eyelets or joints 5 with the pistons 8th connected. The working cylinders are arranged diametrically. The pistons are pushed back and forth in the cylinders and thus the liquid in a channel 11 set in motion. The housing 14 is by a prop 30 with the vehicle body 33 connected. Between the eccentric and the sleeve ball bearings or roller bearings are installed, which allow a virtually smooth contact.

The 18 shows again the variant with the eccentric, whereby only one piston is used. In this case, the electro-or magnetorheological fluid can easily be used instead of the valve.

The 20 shows a variant, wherein a signal generator 15 generates electrical signals with adjustable frequency and amplitude, through which the electro-or magnetorheological fluid 26 can be controlled. Due to the high frequency of the signal, which can also be delivered as a pulse signal, it is possible to control the aggregate state of the liquid so that it opens and closes the channel at very short or longer intervals. The slats 31 help to achieve a high resistance and thus a high braking force.

All of these variants can also find another special application, namely as coupling systems. It is known that the brake and the clutch are not very big differences in the Prin zip. Both work with friction discs (brake and clutch disc), using friction forces to connect two separate parts / shafts. The 21 shows a variant that is perfectly suitable as a coupling system. Here are just a few differences to recognize: for example, the impression cylinder 9 are no longer firmly coupled to the vehicle body, but installed in a rotatable encapsulated housing. The housing has an opening 19 in which, for example, the input shaft 48 is introduced. The housing 18 itself can with the output shaft 49 be coupled and thus with the transmission. Of course, here the rotating parts must be balanced so as not to generate any imbalance. For example, a balance mass 50 can prevent an imbalance. A holding disc 51 and a storage rack 52 Stably holds the shaft in position and does not allow the parts to separate as forces occur.

The 24 shows a section in an encapsulated housing 18 , in which the coupling parts are installed. The power supply for power consumers (control, electric valve) is regulated differently here. Installing simple conductors there does not help, because all the parts here turn, including the housing. The control and the electrovalve must be energized contactlessly by sliding contacts or by induction coils here. That is not a problem. Such energy transmission systems have been on the market for a long time.

It can other forms instead of the round and eccentric recess, which is described here, can be used. Also from the outside can the turntable are scanned. In this case, the rotating body to be built relatively small, by its eccentric movement scanned from its outer surface becomes. The main thing about these systems is that the torque of the Rads is converted into a linear motion force, which then by controlling fluid flow dampen is.

The Brake system can be installed in almost every vehicle. Also other machines or devices can so upgraded become. sports equipment (Exercise bike, treadmill, etc.), leisure equipment (bicycles, inline skates, model vehicles, model train, etc.), motorized vehicles of all kinds, e.g. Motorcycles, quads, garden Tools (Mowing machine, Lawn trimmer), agricultural machines (combine harvesters, tractors), heavy Construction vehicles (excavators, bulldozers, heavy trucks, trains, electric trains, etc.), Industrial machines (drilling machines, milling machines, lathes, robotic machines etc.), Water transport vehicles Ships etc. can be equipped with this brake.

1

crankshaft

2

Wheel axis of rotation

3

crank pins

4

ball-bearing

5

joint

6

connecting rod

7

Wheel Drive shaft

8th

piston

9

Pressure chamber, Printing cylinder, working cylinder

10

liquid

11

Connecting passage

12

solenoid valve

13

worm gear

14

casing

15

Signal generator

16

piezo valve

17

Brake pedal

18

Capsule housing

19

Housing opening

20

Mini-gear

21

stepper motor

22

control

23

electrical ladder

24

Coil / electromagnet

25

magnetorheological liquid

26

electrorheological liquid

27

electrodes

28

electromagnet

29

Liquid Control

30

support

31

slats

32

wheel

33

body

34

membrane

35

bolt

36

disc

37

Plate

38

solid cylinders

39

roller bearings or ball bearings

40

cavity in the plate

41

Contact surface of the cavity

42

grooves in cavity

43

ring or hollow cylinder

44

cylinder with a hole

45

axle shaft with eccentric

46

eccentric

47

shell

48

Input shaft

49

Output Wave

50

Balance mass

51

retaining washer

52

bearing support

Claims (50)

Brake system for vehicles of all kinds, characterized in that it at least - a crankshaft ( 1 ), instead of a conventional brake disc, which is connected to the wheel over a wheel axle ( 2 ) is fixedly or removably coupled to transmit rotational force, wherein the axis of rotation of the crankshaft and that of the wheel axle lie on the same geometric axis, - one or more pistons ( 8th ) connected to the crankshaft ( 1 ), articulated at the crank pin ( 3 ), which are arranged nearly perpendicular to the Raddrehachsen-plane and are movable radially to the axis of rotation, - one or more statically built pressure chambers / cylinders or working cylinders ( 9 ), to which the pistons are attached, which are connected to each other by a liquid guide channel or connecting channel ( 11 ), which are filled with a liquid, wherein the liquid is pressure-transmitting from a pressure chamber / pressure cylinder ( 9 ) can migrate to the other, - a valve or solenoid valve ( 12 ) located in the connection channel ( 11 ) is installed, which can steplessly or stepwise control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers / pressure cylinders, and which can completely interrupt this liquid flow when closing, the piston then can not move and the crankshaft can not rotate, - a controller ( 22 ), which is coupled to the electrovalve, - a connecting rod ( 6 ) or a joint which hingedly connects the piston to the crankshaft or consists of these parts ( 1 . 4 to 11 ). Brake system for vehicles of all kinds, characterized in that instead of the conventional brake disc, at least - a turntable or rotary body ( 37 ), with the impeller ( 32 ) directly or by an axle shaft ( 2 ) is fixedly or removably coupled to transmit a torque transmitting a disc-shaped or hollow cylindrical cavity or depression ( 40 ) which is eccentrically installed on the inner surface, in which a smaller ring / hollow cylinder ( 43 ), wherein its cylindrical inner wall has a contact surface ( 41 ) or forms a running surface for the ring / hollow cylinder, which is smooth or with concentrically arranged grooves ( 42 ), - a ring or hollow cylinder ( 43 ) stored in the well ( 40 ) with a warehouse ( 4 ), which ensures a smooth sliding of the ring / hollow cylinder ( 43 ) in the recess, - one or more pistons ( 8th ) connected to the inner surface of the ring / hollow cylinder ( 41 ), preferably by connecting rods ( 6 ) are articulated and radially coupled, wherein the pistons are set in motion by the eccentric or movement of the ring or hollow cylinder, - one or more static and radial to the wheel rotation axis built pressure chambers / pressure cylinders ( 9 ), on which the pistons are inserted, which are in the cavity ( 40 ) Are sprained / depression, which do not touch any of the walls of the turntable, with each other through a liquid-conducting channel or connecting channel ( 11 ), which are filled with a liquid, said liquid pressure transmitting from a pressure chamber / pressure cylinder ( 9 ) can migrate to the other, which almost or exactly radial to the Raddrehachse ( 2 ), - a valve or solenoid valve ( 12 ) located in the connection channel ( 11 ), which can steplessly or gradually control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers / pressure cylinders, and which can completely interrupt this liquid flow when closing, in which case the piston can not move and the ring / hollow cylinder no longer the eccentric movement of the recess imitates by sliding on its surface, but maintains a fixed position and thereby blocks the rotational movements of the recess and thus also the turntable, - a controller ( 22 ), which is coupled to the electrovalve, - a cylindrical body ( 38 ) at which the pressure cylinders / pressure chambers ( 9 ) attached to a static part of the vehicle or to the body ( 33 ) is rigidly connected, which is either solid built or sleeve-like provided with an insertion opening through which a wheel drive shaft ( 7 ), or consists of these parts ( 16 ). Brake system for vehicles of all kinds, characterized in that instead of a conventional brake disc, at least - an axle shaft ( 45 ) which is coupled in a torque-transmitting manner to the wheel of the vehicle, which is eccentrically shaped in a region or a cylindrical eccentric ( 46 ), - a bearing coupled to the eccentric, mounted ring or a sleeve ( 47 ), in addition to at least one approximately radially arranged connecting rod ( 6 articulated, which can smoothly rotate around the eccentric, - one or more pistons ( 8th ), with the ring / sleeve ( 47 ), preferably by connecting rods ( 6 ) are articulated coupled, which almost radially to the Raddrehachse ( 2 ) are arranged and are movable in this direction, - one or more static or articulated connected and radially to the wheel rotation axis built pressure chambers / pressure cylinders ( 9 ), at which the pistons are inserted, which are connected to each other by a liquid guide channel or connecting channel ( 11 ) connected to a liquid ( 10 ) are filled, the liquid pressure-transmitting from egg a pressure chamber / pressure cylinder ( 9 ) can migrate to the other, wherein the pressure chamber / pressure cylinders are directly or indirectly coupled to the vehicle body, - a valve or solenoid valve ( 12 ) located in the connection channel ( 11 ), which can steplessly or stepwise control the intensity of the liquid flow between the pressure chambers / pressure cylinders, and which can completely interrupt this liquid flow when closing, in which case the pistons can no longer move and the ring / hollow cylinder ( 47 ) no longer simulates the eccentric's eccentric motion by sliding on its surface, but maintains a fixed position thereby blocking the rotational movements of the eccentric and thus also of the impeller, - a control ( 22 ), which is coupled to the electrovalve, comprises or consists of these parts ( 17 or 18 ). Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is housed in a compact housing ( 14 ) is attached. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working cylinders ( 9 ) directly or indirectly with the vehicle body ( 33 ) are fixed or interchangeable coupled. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized marked that for the controller and / or for the electric valve necessary electrical energy, by electric Cables added becomes. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it comes with its own energy supply system, consisting of at least one energy storage element, preferably a rechargeable battery that is equipped in an emergency or during main power interruption can be switched on by a controller. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, thereby in that the electro valve is built precisely - when completely open Electric valve, the pistons can swing freely back and forth, where no brake force transmission takes place between the wheel rotation axis and the piston, - partly closed solenoid valve, accordingly, an incomplete braking force transmission between the wheel rotation axis and the piston takes place, - when closed Electric valve a full braking force transmission between the wheel rotation axis and the piston takes place. Brake system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized, that the electrovalve precise is built - at Completely closed electrovalve swing the pistons back and forth can, with no brake force transmission takes place between the wheel rotation axis and the piston, - partly open Electric valve, accordingly incomplete braking force transmission takes place between the wheel rotation axis and the piston, - when open Electric valve a full braking force transmission takes place between the wheel rotation axis and the piston. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the joint, which is the connecting rod and the piston connects, is a ball joint or a swivel joint. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the pistons and the pressure chamber / pressure cylinder each form a working cylinder, which are interconnected are, so the liquid can wander from one cylinder to the other. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the rotating parts of the system are balanced are. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the electrovalve is a fast valve. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the electrovalve is a solenoid valve, or a magnetostriction valve or a piezo valve is. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the controller is equipped with a clocked system. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller is coupled to a controllable signal generator which generates adjustable electrical impulses or alternating currents, whereby electrically controllable elements, preferably the electrovalve is controlled ( 19 ). Brake system according to claim 16, characterized in that that the output signal of the signal generator is controllable, that the frequency and / or the amplitude is adjustable. Brake system according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the electrovalve so is controlled so that it is opened and closed very quickly and with a frequency generated by the controller or signal generator. Brake system according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the signal frequency and / or the Amplitude over the brake pedal of the vehicle is controllable. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the electrovalve with a high signal Frequency is controlled. Brake system according to claim 20, characterized that the frequency of the signal is at least several Hz or KHz. Brake system according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the pistons through the electrovalve controlled, the crank movement of the crankshaft or the eccentric Body / cavity not continuously but with high frequency in short intervals very often block and release them, leaving only during the Blocked state a resistance to the wheel of the vehicle is produced. Brake system according to one of claims 26 to 22, characterized in that the generator generating the signal controlling the solenoid valve, the time in one cycle while the Valve is closed or open, can change. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve path is electrical, preferably via the brake pedal of the vehicle is controllable. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the crankshaft or the eccentric parts is balanced by additional weight or weight shift. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crankshaft has a plurality of crankpins, which are arranged one behind the other in rows are arranged, with corresponding number of impression cylinder and pistons are incorporated. Brake system according to one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that the generator one or more Having oscillator circuits, both the frequency and the amplitude of the vibrations is adjustable. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that in systems with multiple pistons, the pistons evenly star-shaped in the Circle arranged radially are distributed or at an angle a plane which has an angular size of 360 ° divided by the number of pistons represents. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the solenoid valve not only up and to positions but can take and hold any intermediate positions. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that instead of an electrovalve or piezo valve a mechanical valve is that with a small electrically driven Gear, preferably a worm gear is coupled, the bring the valve in any intermediate position and can hold. Brake system according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the valve by a stepping motor is driven. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the valve has a longer path. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure chamber / pressure cylinder on a support ( 30 ) with the frame parts or body ( 33 ) of the vehicle is attached. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the cylinders are U-shaped and per cylinder a piston is installed at each end, wherein the valve is built in the middle and that flow back and forth liquid more or less, depending on the open-to-cycle can prevent. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve or electrovalve is controlled or constructed in such a way that it blocks the connection channel ( 11 ) can not close immediately when the brake pedal operation, with a smooth brake power transmission is possible. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the closing speed of the valve when the brake pedal is actuated by a special control depending on the speed of the vehicle. Braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with an energy recovery system consisting of min at least one electromagnet coil, which is statically installed and a permanent magnet, which is installed in the form of a free-running piston or as parts of a piston in the fluid channel, which is induced by his back and forth an electrical current induced in the coil equipped. Brake system according to claim 37, characterized that the piston consists partly or completely of a permanent magnet, wherein the coil is installed in the pressure chamber wall or outside. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in the liquid channel A mini-turbine is built in by the fluid flow itself can spin quickly, which is coupled to a power generator, Is provided. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that instead of the valve or electrovalve at least - an electrorheological fluid which fills the cylinder / pressure chamber or at least the connecting channel, - one or more electrodes, the state of aggregation of the liquid can control the electrical voltage from liquid to solid and vice versa, - has a control which is coupled to the electrodes (FIG. 13 ). Brake system according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that instead of the valve or electrovalve at least - a magnetorheological fluid which fills the cylinder / pressure chamber and / or at least the connecting channel, - one or more electromagnets, the Controlling the state of aggregation of the liquid by magnetic field from liquid to solid and vice versa, - having a control which is coupled to the electromagnets (FIG. 14 ). Brake system according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the electrorheological fluid or the magnetorheological fluid is incorporated by means of elastic membranes ( 34 ) is confined in the channel, wherein the pressure cylinders are filled with a conventional hydraulic fluid, preferably a hydraulic oil. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve control with an antilock system and / or an electronic stability program control, is coupled. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is connected to the wheel via a joint shaft, preferably one Propeller shaft is coupled. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has only one piston per impeller, which is formed as a transducer piston which separates a pressure cylinder into two chambers, which are connected to each other through the channel, wherein the liquid Current flow through electrovalve or by magnetorheological / electrorheological fluid is controllable ( 14 . 18 ). Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the fluid communication channel is built elastically or consists of a high-pressure hose. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it is used as a foot- or handbrake is designed. Brake system according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that it is designed as a clutch system and instead of a brake pedal, by a clutch pedal or an automatic transmission control is controllable, wherein it is installed in a rotatable housing and instead coupled to a wheel axle, to a drive input shaft and to a drive output shaft, depending on the control coupling the two shafts or coupling them to one another with force transmission ( 21 . 22 . 23 or 24 ). Brake system according to claim 48, characterized in that it is installed in an encapsulated housing ( 24 ). Brake system according to claim 48 or 49, characterized that the case is firmly coupled with one of the shafts, with the other shaft is inserted in a housing opening and with the power transmission parts coupled to the system.