DE102005029988B3 - Heat exchanger protection device against growth of organisms has movable funnels in distributor chamber and collection chamber - Google Patents
Heat exchanger protection device against growth of organisms has movable funnels in distributor chamber and collection chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005029988B3 DE102005029988B3 DE102005029988A DE102005029988A DE102005029988B3 DE 102005029988 B3 DE102005029988 B3 DE 102005029988B3 DE 102005029988 A DE102005029988 A DE 102005029988A DE 102005029988 A DE102005029988 A DE 102005029988A DE 102005029988 B3 DE102005029988 B3 DE 102005029988B3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- organisms
- funnels
- chamber
- collection chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000238585 Thoracica Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/022—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for immersion in a natural body of water, e.g. marine radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Wärmeübertragern vor Bewuchs durch Organismen in belebtem Wasser. Derartige Wärmeübertrager kommen beispielsweise in Wasserfahrzeugen und Offshore-Plattformen zum Einsatz und dienen hauptsächlich der Wärmeabfuhr aus wassergekühlten Antrieben.The The invention relates to a device for protecting heat exchangers from fouling by organisms in invigorated water. Such heat exchanger come for example in watercraft and offshore platforms for use and serve mainly the heat dissipation from water cooled Drives.
Es ist bekannt, dass sich Organismen, hauptsächlich Seepockenlarven, in belebtem Wasser, insbesondere Seewasser, an Wärmeübertragern, zumeist Niedrigtemperatur-Seekastenkühlem, ansiedeln. So bilden beispielsweise Seepockenlarven an den Rohren dieser Kühler einen Kalkpanzer aus. Haben sich erst einmal Seepocken an den Rohren entwickelt, signalisiert dieses weiteren Seepockenlarven einen günstigen Siedlungsplatz. In diesem Stadium sind die Seepocken sehr anpassungsfähig und können so Jahre überleben.It It is known that organisms, mainly barnacle larvae, are found in live water, especially seawater, to heat exchangers, usually low-temperature Seekastenkühlem settle. For example, barnacle larvae form on the tubes of these coolers Lime scale from. Once barnacles have developed on the tubes, This further barnacle larvae signals a favorable Settlement site. At this stage, barnacles are very adaptable and can survive so years.
Die von den Organismen besiedelte Fläche verkleinert die Kühlfläche des Wärmetauschers und kann bis zum Versagen der Kühlfunktion führen. Derartige Wärmeübertrager werden deshalb konstruktiv mit einer mindestens 20% größeren Kühlfläche ausgelegt.The reduced by the organisms colonized area the cooling surface of the heat exchanger and can until the failure of the cooling function to lead. Such heat exchanger Therefore, they are structurally designed with a cooling surface that is at least 20% larger.
Weiterhin ist bekannt, dass die meisten dieser Organismen Temperaturen über 45°C nicht überleben und sich an stark umströmten Oberflächen nicht ansiedeln können. Wie am Beispiel der Seepocken gezeigt werden kann, würden Temperaturen über 45°C zwar zum Abtöten des Organismus führen aber nicht zum Entfernen des ausgebildeten Kalkpanzers. Eine Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen Kühlfläche des Wärmeübertragers muß dann im Dockbetrieb des Wasserfahrzeuges vorgenommen werden. Die Entfernung des Kalkpanzers geschieht meist grob mechanisch und zusätzlich durch Kalkauflösung mit chemischen Mitteln. Ein dauerhafter und wirkungsvoller Schutz der Wärmeübertrager vor diesen Organismen muß deshalb zu jedem Zeitpunkt und vor deren Ansiedlung vorgenommen werden.Farther It is known that most of these organisms do not survive temperatures above 45 ° C and flowed around strongly Not surfaces can settle. As can be shown by the example of barnacles, temperatures above 45 ° C would indeed killing of the organism lead however not to remove the formed lime scale. A restoration the original cooling surface of the heat exchanger must then be made in docking operation of the vessel. The distance The lime scale is usually done roughly mechanically and additionally by Kalkauflösung by chemical means. A lasting and effective protection the heat exchanger therefore must be before these organisms be made at any time and before their settlement.
In
der Patentschrift
Das Heizelement wird mit einer elektrischen Energiequelle betrieben. Die Energiequelle wird in Abhängigkeit von der Wassertemperatur und der auftretender Strömung gesteuert.The Heating element is operated with an electric power source. The energy source is dependent controlled by the water temperature and the occurring flow.
In
den Patentschriften WO 00/78 605 A1,
Es
werden Vorrichtungen zum Verschließen der Ein- und Auslaßschlitze
des Seekastens zur Verhinderung der Wärmeabfuhr in die offene See
vorgeschlagen. Weiterhin wird zur schnellen lokalen Aufheizung des
eingeschlossenen Seewassers ein zusätzlich integriertes Hochtemperatur-Rohrbündel des Hochtemperatur-Kreislaufes
des Hauptmotors empfohlen. In den Patentschrift
Die
Patenschrift
In
der Patentschrift
Die genannten Lösungen sind mit wesentlichen Nachteilen behaftet.The mentioned solutions are associated with significant disadvantages.
Die
Nachteile in der Patentschrift
Die
Verfahren und Vorrichtungen nach den Patentschriften WO 00/78 605
A1,
Der
Nachteil der Lösung
aus der Patentschrift
Die
Lösung
aus der Patentschrift
Die
Nachteile in der Patentschrift
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zu entwickeln, die Wärmeübertrager vor Bewuchs durch Organismen in belebtem Wasser dauerhaft und wirkungsvoll schützt, ohne den Betrieb des Wärmeübertragers zu unterbrechen und die zuvor genannten Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beseitigen.task The invention is to develop a device, the heat exchanger against growth by organisms in revitalized water permanently and effectively protects without the operation of the heat exchanger to interrupt and the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior Eliminate technology.
Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass bei Wärmeübertragern, die bekanntermaßen aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelwärmeübertragern bestehen, das Fluid aus mindestens einem Einzelwärmeübertrager durch bewegliche und über die Zu- und Rücklauföffnungen der Einzelwärmeübertrager positionierbare Trichter vom Hauptkühlkreislauf getrennt wird, dieses Fluid einer separaten Vorrichtung, bestehend aus einer Pumpe und einer Wärmequelle, zugeführt und dort auf ein höheres Temperaturniveau gebracht wird, das erwärmte Fluid in dem abgetrennten Kreislauf den Einzelwärmeübertrager kurzzeitig durchströmt, die Trichter danach über einem anderen Einzelwärmeübertrager abdichtend in Position gebracht werden und diese Vorgänge sich nacheinander in beliebiger Reihenfolge für alle Einzelwärmeübertrager wiederholen.The Task is solved by that with heat exchangers, the known ones from a large number of individual heat exchangers exist, the fluid from at least one individual heat exchanger by moving and over the inlet and outlet openings the single heat exchanger positionable funnel is separated from the main cooling circuit, this fluid of a separate device consisting of a pump and a heat source, supplied and there on a higher one Temperature level is brought, the heated fluid in the separated Circulation the individual heat exchanger flows through briefly, the funnels over afterwards another single heat exchanger sealingly positioned and these operations themselves Repeat sequentially in any order for all individual heat exchangers.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen vor allem darin, dass ein Bewuchsschutz wirkungsvoll und dauerhaft gegeben ist. Der Schutz vor Bewuchs kann ohne Unterbrechung des Betriebes des Wärmeübertragers durchgeführt werden. Dieses ist besonders für langsam fahrende Wasserfahrzeuge und relativ ortsfeste Maschinen und Anlagen von Bedeutung. Es kommt zu keine Vermischung von Fluida aus verschiedenen Kühlkreisläufen. Die Erfindung läßt sich einfach in den bestehenden Kühlkreislauf integrieren. Dadurch, dass bei der Erfindung nur eine sehr geringe Menge des Fluids auf ein höheres Temperaturniveau gebracht werden muß, ist nur ein sehr geringer Energieeinsatz notwendig. Weiterhin ist das Verschließen der Ein- und Auslaßschlitze des Seekastens, in dem sich der Wärmeübertrager befindet, nicht erforderlich. Das mit Organismen belebte Wasser wird nicht vergiftet oder verseucht. Es werden keine teueren Materialien für die Einzelwärmeübertrager benötigt. Der Schutz vor Bewuchs wird durch äußere Einwirkungen, wie beispielsweise Eis und Treibgut, nicht beeinflußt.The Advantages of the invention are, above all, that an antifouling is given effectively and permanently. The protection against fouling can be done without Interruption of the operation of the heat exchanger can be performed. This is especially for slow-moving watercraft and relatively stationary machines and facilities of importance. There is no mixing of fluids from different cooling circuits. The Invention is easy in the existing cooling circuit integrate. Because in the invention only a very small Amount of fluid to a higher one Temperature level must be brought, is only a very small amount of energy necessary. Furthermore, the closing of the inlet and outlet slots the sea chest, in which the heat exchanger is located, not required. The water revived by organisms is not poisoned or contaminated. There are no expensive materials for the individual heat exchanger needed. The protection against fouling is caused by external influences, such as Ice and flotsam, not affected.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen beschrieben, in der vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele dargestellt sind.The Invention will be described below with reference to drawings, in the advantageous embodiments are shown.
Es zeigen:It demonstrate:
In
In
Das
erste konstruktive Ausführungsbeispiel ist
in
Das
zweite konstruktive Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht
dem ersten konstruktiven Beispiel mit dem Unterschied, dass die
Bewegung der Trichter
- 11
- WärmeübertragerHeat exchanger
- 22
- Einzelwärmeübertrager, RohrbogenSingle heat exchanger, Elbows
- 33
- Wegeventilway valve
- 44
- Wärmequelleheat source
- 55
- Betriebsschalterswitches
- 66
- Stromquellepower source
- 77
- Motorengine
- 88th
- Pumpepump
- 99
- Temperaturmeßgerätthermometer
- 1010
- Seewasserseawater
- 1111
- Zulaufstutzeninlet connection
- 1212
- Verteilerkammerdistribution chamber
- 1313
- Sammelkammerplenum
- 1414
- RücklaufstutzenReturn connectors
- 1515
- Trichterfunnel
- 1616
- Fluidleitungfluid line
- 1717
- HaubeHood
- 1818
- KühlergrundplatteCooler base
- 1919
- Trennwandpartition wall
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005029988A DE102005029988B3 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2005-06-28 | Heat exchanger protection device against growth of organisms has movable funnels in distributor chamber and collection chamber |
NL1031995A NL1031995C1 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2006-06-13 | Protection for heat exchangers against the fixation of organisms. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005029988A DE102005029988B3 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2005-06-28 | Heat exchanger protection device against growth of organisms has movable funnels in distributor chamber and collection chamber |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005029988B3 true DE102005029988B3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
Family
ID=37295643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005029988A Expired - Fee Related DE102005029988B3 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2005-06-28 | Heat exchanger protection device against growth of organisms has movable funnels in distributor chamber and collection chamber |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102005029988B3 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1031995C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2051031A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | Envi Con & Plant Engineering GmbH | Cooling water system for power plants and industrial assemblies |
WO2009153251A2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-23 | Heat Nord Gmbh | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
WO2019207005A1 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | Säkaphen Gmbh | Sea chest cooler and method for coating sea chest cooler pipes |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3309167A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1967-03-14 | Galler Sidney | Anti-fouling apparatus |
DE3123682A1 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-03-18 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K., Tokyo | Metallic material safe from fouling by marine organisms |
EP0248050B1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1990-12-19 | Unisheff Ventures Limited | Marine biofouling reduction |
DE4109197A1 (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-09-24 | Sandrock Stefan | Process to inhibit growth of organisms on submerged surfaces - comprises coating surfaces with film contg. free ionic gps. and applying potential to cause extreme pH values in water by surface |
DE19921433C1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-10-26 | Scharf Eva Maria | Prevention of biological growth formation on equipment of sea water systems on ships, offshore platforms etc. involves local, short-term repetitive heating of enclosed sea water |
WO2000078605A1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-28 | Scharf Eva Maria | Method and device for preventing organism growth on sea-cases and seawater systems on ships, offshore platforms, etc. |
-
2005
- 2005-06-28 DE DE102005029988A patent/DE102005029988B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-13 NL NL1031995A patent/NL1031995C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3309167A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1967-03-14 | Galler Sidney | Anti-fouling apparatus |
DE3123682A1 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-03-18 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K., Tokyo | Metallic material safe from fouling by marine organisms |
EP0248050B1 (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1990-12-19 | Unisheff Ventures Limited | Marine biofouling reduction |
DE4109197A1 (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-09-24 | Sandrock Stefan | Process to inhibit growth of organisms on submerged surfaces - comprises coating surfaces with film contg. free ionic gps. and applying potential to cause extreme pH values in water by surface |
DE19921433C1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-10-26 | Scharf Eva Maria | Prevention of biological growth formation on equipment of sea water systems on ships, offshore platforms etc. involves local, short-term repetitive heating of enclosed sea water |
WO2000078605A1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-28 | Scharf Eva Maria | Method and device for preventing organism growth on sea-cases and seawater systems on ships, offshore platforms, etc. |
DE19960037A1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-06-21 | Scharf Eva Maria | Method and device for preventing fouling in sea boxes and sea water systems on ships, offshore platforms, etc. |
EP1192075B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2004-02-18 | Gunter Höffer | Method and device for preventing organism growth on sea-cases and seawater systems on ships, offshore platforms, etc. |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2051031A1 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | Envi Con & Plant Engineering GmbH | Cooling water system for power plants and industrial assemblies |
DE102007050107A1 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-05-07 | Envi Con & Plant Engineering Gmbh | Cooling water system for power plants and industrial plants |
DE102007050107B4 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-10-22 | Envi Con & Plant Engineering Gmbh | Cooling water system for power plants and industrial plants |
WO2009153251A2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-23 | Heat Nord Gmbh | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
DE102008029464A1 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-14 | Höffer, Gunter, Dipl.-Ing. | Sea chest coolers on ships and offshore platforms with integrated anti-fouling system to kill barnacles, shells and other fouling organisms by means of regularly repeatable overheating |
WO2009153251A3 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-12-23 | Hoeffer Gunter | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
EP2303683A2 (en) | 2008-06-20 | 2011-04-06 | Gunter Höffer | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
CN102089204A (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-06-08 | 冈特·赫费尔 | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
JP2011524834A (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2011-09-08 | ヘッファー、グンター | Sea chest cooler with built-in deposit protection system |
DE102008029464B4 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2013-02-07 | Gunter Höffer | Sea chest coolers on ships and offshore platforms with integrated anti-fouling system to kill barnacles, shells and other fouling organisms by means of regularly repeatable overheating |
CN102089204B (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2014-01-08 | 冈特·赫费尔 | Sea chest cooler comprising an integrated antifouling system |
WO2019207005A1 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | Säkaphen Gmbh | Sea chest cooler and method for coating sea chest cooler pipes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL1031995C1 (en) | 2007-01-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8100 | Publication of the examined application without publication of unexamined application | ||
8322 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: GREITSCH, LARS, 22769 HAMBURG, DE Owner name: NINNEMANN, PETER, DIPL.-ING., 18146 ROSTOCK, DE |
|
8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
8368 | Opposition refused due to inadmissibility | ||
R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |