DE102005018662A1 - Electromechanical drive unit operating method for use in vehicle, involves connecting electrical machines using electrical coupling, and arranging transfer box and one electrical machine coaxial to each other - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves connecting electrical machines (4, 5) using an electrical coupling. A mechanical speed/torque conversion device (2) is arranged as a transfer box. The transfer box and the machine (4) are arranged coaxial to each other. The box has two shafts (12, 13) connected with an input of a drive unit and a third shaft (11) connected with an output of the drive unit. The electrical machine (4) is operable as a generator and the electrical machine (5) is operable as an electric motor. An independent claim is also included for a drive unit with a mechanical speed/torque conversion device and an electrical drive.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for operating a gearbox for traction-free switching between individual power branches, in detail with the features of the preamble of the claim 1; Furthermore, a transmission unit.

Out the "Press Information 1997 "from Toyota a hybrid system is known in which the power split principle the internal combustion engine over a planet carrier a planetary gear both a generator and over the Ring gear drives the drive train. The achievement is thus in one branched mechanical strand and an electrical branch, being similar in electrical strand a hydrodynamic speed / torque converter varies the torque can be. At the output is the sum of the torques of the mechanical Part strand and the electrical sub-strand removable. Of further, this arrangement allows e.g. also a purely electrical Operation, in which only the electric motor is powered, the internal combustion engine however, it stops. The hybrid system comprises for this purpose Power split device, a generator, a motor and a reducer. The power split device is in Form of a planetary gear set, wherein the planet carrier, i. the web, with the output shaft of the internal combustion engine in Drive connection is. about the planet carrier or coupled with this planetary gears, the power to the sun gear and transmitted to the ring gear of the planetary gear. The ring gear shaft is directly with the electric drive motor and with the Output shaft over coupled to a reducer. The sun gear is with the generator coupled. With such a device are a variety of different modes of operation feasible. This is how the starting process works the internal combustion engine over the Generator realized. This acts as a starter and is used in this Case fed from the energy storage device.

After this the internal combustion engine is started, the generator becomes used to generate electrical energy and drives the electric motor which, in turn, power to the output shaft or to be driven Giving off wheels. in the normal traction operation of the vehicle, i. the driving operation, the internal combustion engine delivers the total power, and there will be no extra generates electrical energy. At a desired acceleration is the output from the internal combustion engine power to the two Transmission branches split and according to the desired Result in the individual power branches in terms of speed and the torque converted. The disadvantage of such a system consists essentially in the fact that in each case a corresponding Control of the power actuators of the generator and / or the electric motor must be done to the power distribution in a similar manner to be able to make and that further, the entire drive means very much Space and space required.

To solve this problem is out DE 201 17 410 an electromechanical transmission unit previously known, comprising at least one mechanical and one electrical transmission branch. The electrical transmission branch comprises an electrical transmission unit having at least one first electric machine which can be operated as a generator and a second electric machine which can be operated at least as an electric motor. In addition, means are provided with which the power input to the transmission input shaft can be distributed to the transmission branches and is brought together again at the transmission output shaft. The transmission input shaft, transmission output shaft and the electric machine that can be operated as a generator as well as the electric machine that can be operated as a motor and the means are arranged coaxially with respect to their input and output elements. In this embodiment, mainly a power split is made in all operating conditions. This means that always one power component must be transmitted electrically, while the other is transmitted mechanically. A separate transmission over only one of the power branches is possible only with the addition of further aids for supporting the individual components.

Of the Invention is therefore the object of an electro-mechanical To create transmission unit, which is characterized by minimal space requirements and a simple structure. The advantages of the electric power transmission especially for be exploited the starting range, with the possibility of an automatic reduction the electric power component should also be given.

Further is to ensure operation of the transmission assembly as an automatic transmission so that a purely mechanical power transmission without problems is possible, wherein a switching between a power transmission with power split and in the purely mechanical driving operation without interruption of traction should be done.

The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claims 1 and 3. In front Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

A generic transmission unit is constructed such that the mechanical speed / torque converter as a transfer case in the form of at least one three-shaft transmission accomplished is comprising a first shaft connected to the input of the gear unit at least indirectly rotatably connectable and a second wave, which at least indirectly with the output of the gear unit rotatably connected and in addition optionally coupleable to the input of the transmission assembly, and a third shaft, which can be operated with the at least as a generator electric machine is rotatably connected. The at least as Electric motor operable electric machine is at least indirectly rotatably connected to the output of the gear unit. The solution according to the invention makes it possible due to the arrangement of the individual elements and their coupling to create an electromechanical gearbox with that to a one power transmission with power split possible is, but also a purely mechanical power transmission without significant Modifications, where the switching between the power transmission with power split and a purely mechanical power transmission without interruption of traction occurs by the operable as an electric motor electric machine for the necessary output power ensures as long as the switching process lasts. Therefore, no frictional switching elements, which are with slip, required, but it can be on positive or synchronously switchable switching elements are used.

Regarding the Arrangement of the electric motor operable as an electric motor There are a number of possibilities. This can be coaxial to the transmission output A or parallel to it respectively. In a coaxial arrangement, the connection is preferably carried out directly to the transmission output while in parallel arrangement here further transmission elements required which are also designed as speed / torque conversion units can. The provision of speed / torque converters between the drive shaft of the electric motor and the transmission output made possible by the creation of an additional over- or Reduction an influence on the design of the electric motor. This can in particular when providing a corresponding reduction be designed much smaller and more compact and thus cheaper be integrated into the overall system.

The remaining components, Transfer case and at least operated as a generator Electric machines are preferably arranged coaxially with each other. Preferably, one becomes spatially close in the axial direction Arrangement selected. There is also the possibility Overall, the transmission unit in a compact or dissolved construction in the latter case, the transfer case can be considered with the generator as a structural unit, while the Transmission output then arranged at a distance can be and over further transmission elements, for example, wave strands, is reachable.

Regarding the execution the transfer case there are a number of possibilities. Preferably this is at least as a three-shaft transmission, comprising two inputs and an output, executed. The first entrance, d. H. the first wave is rotatable with connectable to the transmission input. The compound is solvable, i. separable. This is between the transmission input and the first shaft a coupling device is provided. This also applies to the coupling the output of the transfer case to the transmission input. In In this case, between the second shaft and the transmission input also the arrangement of a coupling device. By the appropriate activity the two coupling devices is on the one hand the possibility on actuation Only the first clutch device, the transfer case actually as Use transfer case and the provided via the transmission input and power applied to the transfer case on two power branches to divide while on actuation the second coupling device alone depending on the arrangement the transmission input coupled only with the second shaft rotation is and thus a mechanical drive from the transmission input allows for transmission output. If the clutch is arranged so that these only behind the Connection of the first shaft to the transmission input is effective, In this case, the function of a lockup clutch can also be realized. That Both, first and second wave, are in terms of speed synchronized, so that no translation to the output is possible.

Further it is conceivable in addition to provide a multi-plate clutch or another clutch for bridging.

According to one Particularly advantageous development is a braking device provided, which is effective on the third wave. This makes it possible a mechanical driving range without electrical support torque to realize.

With regard to the actuation of the individual clutch device, a large number of possibilities exist for the individual operating states. It is also conceivable in purely mechanical driving operation to decouple the transmission input completely from the transfer case and thus to feed the entire power in the electric transmission, the power converted by the generator into electrical energy can then be cached in so-called energy storage.

Regarding the Training the transfer case exist a variety of ways. This includes one input and two outputs. Here is the transfer case in the simplest case designed as a three-shaft planetary gear, comprising a ring gear, a sun gear and planet gears and a bridge. The first Wave is doing, for example, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of Ring gear formed, the second from the bridge and the third from the sun. These designs apply analogously also for the speed / torque converters between the electric machine and the transmission output. In this Case, these speed / torque conversion devices act almost as a summation gear, on which the individual performance shares, especially the over the electrical transmission portable Power component and the still mechanically transferable power component be merged again. In the simplest case, this speed / torque converter is also here designed as a planetary gear. In this case, combinations of several planetary gear sets are conceivable to a corresponding result regarding the speed / torque conversion to obtain.

According to one Particularly advantageous development is the gear unit in dissolved Construction carried out. The electric machines which can be operated as electric motors are preferably assigned directly to the individual wheels to be driven. The torque increase and the realization of the stepless translation takes place by means of the individual electric motors directly to the drive wheels, what in addition to a smaller dimensioning of the mechanical components and thus a weight reduction also to a saving of a Differential lock leads, which can be controlled separately by individual electric motors.

The inventive solution offers Furthermore, the advantage that due to the electrical coupling over the electrical transmission unit transferable Power can be freely controlled. This concerns in detail the control of speed and torque, in particular to the Drive wheels, which over the appropriate control of current and voltage in the voltage intermediate circuit between the generator and the electric motors or the electric motor can be realized.

• 1. Im Traktionsbetrieb, d.h. Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle: 1.1. Leistungsübertragung von der Energiespeichereinrichtung zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine zur Realisierung des Anlassvorganges 1.2. Leistungsübertragung von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine über den elektrischen und den mechanischen Getriebezweig zur Abtriebswelle 1.3. Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle über den mechanischen Getriebezweig mit zusätzlicher Einspeisung elektrischer Energie von der Energiespeichereinrichtung 1.4. Mechanische Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle 1.5. Elektrische Leistungsübertragung von der Energiespeichereinrichtung zur Getriebeausgangswelle (Notbetrieb) 1.6 Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle über den elektrischen Getriebezweig
• 2. Im Schleppbetrieb: 2.1. Leistungsübertragung von den Antriebsrädern zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine über den mechanischen Getriebezweig zum Schleppen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und Abzweigung eines Leistungsanteiles zur Aufladung der Energiespeichereinrichtung 2.2 Leistungsübertragung von den Antriebsrädern zur Energiespeichereinrichtung über den elektrischen Getriebezweig zur Aufladung der Energiespeichereinrichtung. 2.3 Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeausgangswelle zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine

Upon integration of the gear unit designed according to the invention and the coupling of the electric gear unit with an energy storage device, for example in a vehicle, the following additional possible operating modes result in detail:

• 1. In traction mode, ie power transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft: 1.1. Power transmission from the energy storage device to the internal combustion engine for the realization of the starting process 1.2. Power transmission from the internal combustion engine via the electrical and the mechanical transmission branch to the output shaft 1.3. Power transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft via the mechanical transmission branch with additional supply of electrical energy from the energy storage device 1.4. Mechanical power transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft 1.5. Electric power transmission from the energy storage device to the transmission output shaft (emergency operation) 1.6 Power transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft via the electric transmission branch
• 2. Towing: 2.1. Power transmission from the drive wheels to the internal combustion engine via the mechanical transmission branch for towing the internal combustion engine and diversion of a power component for charging the energy storage device 2.2 power transmission from the drive wheels to the energy storage device via the electrical transmission branch for charging the energy storage device. 2.3 Power transmission from the transmission output shaft to the internal combustion engine

The implementation of the individual modes of operation is carried out by appropriate determination of individual transmission elements and / or control of the actuators of the individual electrical transmission elements and / or the control of the coupling between the energy storage device and the electrical coupling and arranged in the electrical coupling actuators. The control functions are preferably carried out by means of a control or regulating device, which is integrated in a vehicle preferably in a central driving control or formed by this or can be coupled with this. In this case, preferably at least one signal, for example a signal for a driver request for an acceleration and / or deceleration or a commissioning of the vehicle, is a signal for at least one, at least indirectly, characterizing the current driving state Size and / or a, the actual state of charge of the energy storage device at least indirectly characterizing size used. Depending on the desired operation, a corresponding signal is sufficient. Preferably, however, all are monitored. The control device has a plurality of outputs. These are coupled to the corresponding switching devices in the electro-mechanical transmission unit and the actuators, in particular the inverter units of the electric machine operated as a generator and / or the electric motor and connected to the coupling between the energy storage device and the electrical coupling between the generator and the electric motor. According to the driver's request or the desired mode of operation, the functions mentioned are realized by appropriate control of the individual elements mentioned.

By the integration of the inventively designed electro-mechanical Transmission unit in a vehicle exists the possibility of creating a very compact designed hybrid drive. Preferably, the electro-mechanical transmission unit integrated into the drive train instead of an automatic gearbox become. Due to the minimal size, which is due to the coaxial Arrangement of the individual power-transmitting elements of the individual Transmission branches is conditional, can in a simple way conventional Automatic transmission replaced by the inventively designed electro-mechanical transmission become. The electro-mechanical transmission offers the advantage the overall efficiency is considerably higher, since the power losses, due to the drag losses for the individual switching devices, which in automatic transmissions for the realization of the individual gear stages are to be provided in a variety, can be significantly reduced since the number of switching elements can be reduced to a minimum. Furthermore, by power sharing and stepless Speed / torque conversion option in the electrical transmission branch a wide operating range stepless be covered without additional Circuits would have to be made. additionally can be on a starter device for the internal combustion engine be omitted, especially in frequent stop-and-go traffic is of enormous advantage, since the conventional starter devices have a very short life in continuous use operation.

The solution according to the invention explained below with reference to figures. This is in detail the following is shown:

1 illustrates a basic configuration of a gear unit for carrying out the method according to the invention;

2 illustrates a further development of the transmission unit according to

1 with rear-set;

3 illustrates a further development of the transmission unit according to the 1 and 2 with rear-set and lock-up clutch;

4 illustrates a further development of an embodiment of the transmission unit according to the 1 or 2 with braking device;

5 clarifies a further education according to one of 1 to 4 with additional overdrive;

6 illustrates a further development of the gear unit with additional secondary stage;

7 clarifies a further development of the transmission unit acc 1 or 2 with spur gear set as fixed secondary stage;

8th illustrates an embodiment of an inventively designed gear unit in dissolved construction;

9 illustrates a version for use in articulated branches.

The 1 illustrates in a schematically greatly simplified representation of the basic structure of an inventive design gear unit 1 , This includes an input E, which is connectable to a prime mover or a drive unit and at least one output A, which is at least indirectly coupled when used in vehicles with the wheels to be driven. The transmission assembly includes a mechanical speed / torque converter 2 and an electrical transmission 3 , The electric transmission 3 comprises at least one at least operable as a generator electric machine 4 , which below only as a generator 4 is designated and operated at least as an electric motor electric machine 5 , hereinafter referred to as electric motor 5 referred to as. generator 4 and electric motor 5 are electrically coupled together. The coupling takes place in the simplest case via a so-called voltage intermediate circuit 6 which means 7 for influencing the transmittable power, in particular the individual variables which characterize the transmittable power, such as speed and torque are assigned. These funds 7 are executed in the simplest case as Um- or inverter. On the Possibilities of electronic coupling via the voltage intermediate circuit 6 of the two electrical machines 4 and 5 will not be discussed in detail here, since this corresponds to conventional measures from the prior art. This also applies to the means for controlling the individual electrical machines 4 and 5 in the form of inverters and inverters and their arrangement and assignment to this voltage intermediate circuit 6 , The mechanical speed / torque converter 2 is as a transfer case 8th executed. This is at least in the form of a three-shaft gearbox 9 , preferably in the form of a planetary gear 10 , in front. This includes a first wave 11 , which is rotatably connected to the input E or at least rotatably connected to this, for example via a coupling device, a second shaft 12 , which is rotatably connected to the output A of the gear unit and a third shaft 13 , which with the generator 4 rotatably connected. To realize the mechanical drive through is the second wave 12 further rotatably connected to the input E of the gear unit connectable. In the case shown, the possible connections are made by the first wave 11 with the transmission input E and second shaft 12 with the input E of the gear unit in each case via coupling devices, here K1 and K2. These can be designed as positive or non-positive connections. The first wave is in the execution according to 1 thereby from the ring gear 14 of the planetary gear 10 formed, the second wave 12 from the jetty 15 and the third wave 13 from the sun wheel 16 , According to the invention is also the electric motor 5 at least indirectly rotatably connected to the transmission output A.

The execution according to 1 illustrates a gear unit 1 in compact design. This means that the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 as well as the components of the electric transmission 3 , especially the generator 4 and the electric motor 5 are arranged in close spatial proximity to each other. According to 1 is also the electric motor 5 directly with the third wave 13 rotatably connected. With the present invention designed transmission unit 1 Thus, it is possible to transmit the power applied to the input E either in power split or directly purely mechanically. The resulting two power branches, first power branch 17 and second power branch 18 , are represented by different arrows. In this case, the power flow direction in the individual power branches by means of a broken and a dash-dotted arrow 17 respectively. 18 played. At least the clutch K1 is closed and thus the first shaft 11 in the form of the ring gear 14 rotatably connected to the transmission input E, the power is in 17 and 18 transfer. This is part of the performance over the bridge 15 and another part about the electrical transmission 3 transfer. According to the control of the electric motor 5 are then in the range of the output of the gear unit 1 or in the region of the coupling of the electric motor 5 to the output A, the two power components reunited and merged.

For purely mechanical operation, ie power transmission only via power branch 17 , the clutch K2 is actuated. The clutch K1 is open, and the drive is from the input E directly to the output A via the second shaft 12 , The switching between a power split with power split across the first and second power branch 17, 18 to the first power branch 17 and vice versa is carried out without interruption of traction, during the switching process until the closing of the clutch K2 and the complete power transmission through this additionally still power via the electric transmission 3 is transmitted, in particular via the electric machine 5 to the output A of the gear unit 1 is introduced. The electrical power is doing at one with the electric transmission 3 coupled energy storage unit 48 provided. The two coupling devices K1 and K2 are preferably overlapping each other in engagement. However, it is also conceivable to actuate these in execution as synchronously switchable couplings, preferably in the form of dog clutches, one after the other.

The 2 clarifies a further development according to 1 a gear unit 1 in compact design with additional rear-set 19 , The basic structure corresponds to that in the 1 Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements. In addition, however, is between the electric machine in the form of the electric motor 5 and the transmission output A a Nachschaltstufe 19 intended. This is preferably from a planetary gear set 20 educated. Also this planetary gear set 20 is characterized by three waves, a first wave 21 , a second wave 22 and a third wave 23 , The first wave is here from the ring gear 24 formed, the second wave 22 from the jetty 25 and the third wave 23 from the sun wheel 26 , Here is the electric motor 5 with the third wave 23 coupled while the connection to the output A via the second shaft 22 done in the form of the bridge. This is also with the second wave 25 the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 rotatably connected. To realize the Nachschaltsatzfunktion is the ring gear 24 and thus the first wave 21 An institution 27 allocated for deceleration or determination. This is the simplest case as a braking device 28 executed. The braking device can be present in lamellar construction. It is also conceivable, the ring gear 24 complete, ie opposite the Ge housing 29 the transmission unit 1 stationary.

The rear-set 19 for the electric motor 5 offers the advantage that it can be re-stocked with respect to the present at the drive shaft of the electric motor speed. This offers the advantage that the design of the electric motor can be optimized in terms of size and moment. Incidentally, the same performance paths apply to the transmission of power as to the 1 described in traction, with the possibilities of energy storage and the recovery of energy in overrun operation has not been discussed here. It goes without saying that the overrun operation is possible and in this case, the functions of the electrical machines 4 and 5 can be reversed. The rear-set 19 in the form of the planetary gear set 20 offers the further advantage that the speed or torque conversion, which can be controlled steplessly anyway via the electric motor, can be reduced once again, whereby this reduction can likewise be made steplessly.

The power components are here at power split at the coupling point 30 by the connection of the bridge 25 of the planetary gear set 20 is characterized, to the output A of the transmission unit 1 merged.

The 3 clarifies a further development according to 2 , wherein additionally a further coupling device 31 is provided, the bridging of the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 serves. The coupling device 31 is preferably designed in lamellar design. The basic structure corresponds to that in 1 Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements. Different here is that the first wave 11 of the three-shaft transmission 9 in the form of the ring gear 14 can be connected to the transmission input E via the first clutch device K1, while the function of the second clutch device K2 here from the clutch device 31 In addition, the function of interconnecting the first and second wave 11 . 12 takes over. This means that first and second wave 11 . 12 rotate at the same speed and thus virtually the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 is bridged. The same function would also be with simultaneous operation of the clutches K1 and K2 according to 1 given. The execution according to 3 However, offers the additional advantage that in overrun with the clutch K1 open the power on the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 on the generator 4 is transmitted, with the translation of the moment or the speed quasi done with a translation of 1: 1.

4 clarifies a training according to 3 with additional braking device 32 , which preferably in the form of a multi-disc brake 33 is executed. This will be on the third wave 13 effective. The application is carried out in the connection between the third wave 13 of the three-shaft transmission 9 in the form of the planetary gear 10 and the generator 4 , This makes it possible to realize a purely mechanical driving operation without electrical support moments. For this purpose, the braking device 32 activated. The third wave 13 and with it the sun wheel 16 is set.

5 includes a further development of the embodiment according to the 1 . 2 with additional overdrive 34 , This development is also based on the execution according to 3 and 4 transferable. The basic structure corresponds to that in the 1 and 2 Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements. The overdrive 34 is here via another planetary gear set 35 realized. This is with the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 coupled. The coupling is arbitrary. According to the execution according to 5 this will be about the second wave 12 mechanical speed / torque converter 2 realized. The second wave 12 is for this purpose with a first wave 36 of the planetary gear 35 rotatably connected. The second wave 37 of the planetary gear 35 is via a coupling device 38 rotatably connected to the input E connectable while the third shaft is rotatably coupled to the third shaft of the mechanical speed / torque converter. The third wave is here with 39 referred to and is the sun's wheel 40 educated. For this purpose, preferably one of the two - mechanical speed / torque converter 2 and planetary gear set 35 - Shared sun or one-piece sun gear used. Again, the power transmission takes place depending on the circuit of the individual coupling devices K1, K2 and 38 in a similar way. The connection of the generator 4 and the electric motor takes place as in the 1 to 4 described. The overdrive we do this by operating the clutch device 38 realized, in which case the power transmission from the input E via the planetary gear 35 he follows. The support is electrically via the generator 4 and the power gets over the planetary gear set 35 , in particular from the web via the ring gear, on the second shaft 12 and with it the jetty 15 and transmitted via the non-rotatable coupling with the transmission output A on this. In addition, the over the electrical transmission 3 transmitted power component via the planetary gear set 20 in the form of the rear-set at the coupling point 30 with the via the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 transferred power share combined.

The 6 illustrates a further development of an embodiment according to the 1 and 2 with the addition according to the 3 and 4 , here not just a post-sentence 19 is provided, but still another second rear-set 41 , This is also in the form of a planetary gear, which here with 42 is designated, wherein a first wave 43 in the form of the ring gear 44 is detected relative to the housing, preferably found. The second wave is here from the sun 45 formed, the third wave 46 from the jetty 47 , Here, the coupling takes place at the node or coupling point 30 thus over the second post-sentence 41 ,

Clarify the 1 to 6 Embodiments of the Nachschaltsätze in the form of three-shaft or multi-shaft gearboxes, preferably in the form of planetary gear sets, shows 7 an embodiment with a simple Nachschaltstufe in the form of a fixed translation. This is the electric motor 5 over a spur gear set 49 with the output A of the gear unit 1 connected. The spur gear set 49 includes at least two intermeshing spur gears 50 and 51 , Depending on the interpretation of the translation, this affects the design of the electric motor 5 out. In the case shown, a translation into slow, starting from the electric motor 5 , The electric motor 5 is arranged eccentrically to the housing outlet.

8th illustrates in schematically simplified representation of an inventively designed gear unit 1 in dissolved construction. In this is only the electric machine operated as a generator 4 and the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 virtually as a structural unit spatially separated from the electric motor 5 arranged. The electric motor 5 is with the output of the gear unit 1 rotatably connected, said connection by direct arrangement and assignment to the wheels to be driven 53 and 54 he follows. The basic structure of the gear unit 1 corresponds to that in the 1 and 2 Therefore, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements. However, this has two outputs A. The function is analogous, as in the 1 and 2 described. Only here are two electric motors provided due to the power distribution to the wheels to be driven 53 and 54 about the differential shown here only schematically 55 ,

Therefore, there is the possibility of the transfer case, in particular the planetary gear 10 and to couple the generator directly to the drive unit as a unit. The torque increase and the realization of the stepless transmission takes place by means of two electric motors 5.1 and 5.2 directly on the drive wheels 53 and 54 , In addition to a smaller dimensioning of the mechanical components and thus a weight reduction and a differential lock is saved. Furthermore, the concept is expandable for articulated trains with four electric motors, such as in the 9 played. Here are the electric motors with 5.1 to 5.4 denotes, wherein each electric motor is associated with a driven wheel.

Allen in the 1 to 9 is common to the embodiments shown that a reversal of direction only with the help of the electric motor 5 or the individual electric motors is possible. Furthermore, in all embodiments during the switching between power transmission in two power branches and power transmission purely mechanically to avoid a traction interruption, the drive power alone from the electric motors 5 . 5.1 to 5.4 applied.

1

transmission unit

2

Speed / torque converter device

3

electrical transmission

4

when Generator operable electric machine

5

when Electric motor operable electric machine

6

Voltage link

7

medium for influencing

8th

Transfer Case

9

three Wavy transmission

10

planetary gear

11

first wave

12

second wave

13

third wave

14

ring gear

15

web

16

sun

17

first power branch

18

second power branch

19

secondary set

20

planetary gear

21

first wave

22

second wave

23

third wave

24

ring gear

25

web

26

sun

27

Facility for braking or detection

28

braking means

29

casing

30

coupling point

31

coupling device

32

braking means

33

Lamellae braking device

34

overdrive

35

planetary gear

36

first wave

37

second wave

38

coupling device

39

third wave

40

sun

41

secondary set

42

planetary gear

43

first wave

44

ring gear

45

sun

46

third wave

47

web

48

Energy storage unit

49

spur gear

50

spur gear

51

spur gear

e

entrance

A

output

K1, K2

coupling devices

Claims (21)

Method for operating a gear unit ( 1 ) having the following features: - at least one input (E) and one output (A); With a mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) with at least one output; - with an electric gearbox ( 3 ), comprising at least one at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) and at least one electric machine operable at least as an electric motor ( 5 ), wherein the electric machine which can be operated as a generator can be connected to the electric machines which can be operated as an electric motor via an electrical coupling ( 6 ) are coupled; The mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) is as a transfer case ( 8th ) in the form of at least one three-shaft transmission ( 9 ), comprising a first wave ( 11 ), which is at least indirectly rotatably connected to the input (E), a second wave ( 12 ), which at least indirectly with the output (A) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) is rotatably connected and additionally optionally with the input (E) of the gear unit ( 1 ) and a third wave ( 13 ), which can be operated with the at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) is rotatably connected; - The electric machine operable at least as an electric motor is at least indirectly connected to the output (A) of the transmission unit rotatably connected. Method according to Claim 1 for operating a transmission unit ( 1 ), in which between the first wave ( 11 ) and the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) a first coupling device (K1) is arranged and between the second shaft ( 12 ) and the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) a second coupling device (K2) is arranged, characterized in that in the presence of a signal for releasing the first or second coupling device (K1, K2) the electric machine, ( 5 ) is driven such that the power required for the drive is taken from a coupled to the electric transmission energy storage unit. Transmission unit ( 1 ) having at least one input (E) and one output (A); 3.1 with a mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) with at least one output; 3.2 with an electric transmission ( 3 ), comprising at least one at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) and at least one electric machine operable at least as an electric motor ( 5 ), wherein the electric machine which can be operated as a generator can be connected to the electric machines which can be operated as an electric motor via an electrical coupling ( 6 ) are coupled; 3.3 the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) is as a transfer case ( 8th ) in the form of at least one three-shaft transmission ( 9 ), comprising a first wave ( 11 ), which is at least indirectly rotatably connected to the input (E), a second wave ( 12 ), which at least indirectly with the output (A) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) is rotatably connected and additionally optionally with the input (E) of the gear unit ( 1 ) and a third wave ( 13 ), which can be operated with the at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) is rotatably connected; 3.4 the at least as an electric motor operable electric machine is at least indirectly connected to the output (A) of the transmission unit rotatably connected. characterized by the following features: 3.5 the electric machine operable as an electric motor ( 5 ) is eccentric to the output of the gear unit ( 1 ) arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least as an electric motor operable electric machine ( 5 ) via a speed / torque converter with the third shaft ( 13 ) connected is. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the speed / torque converter is designed as a planetary gear. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) as a planetary gear ( 10 ), comprising a first wave ( 11 ), which from the ring gear ( 14 ), a second wave ( 12 ), the ones from Footbridge ( 15 ) and a third wave ( 13 ), the sun wheel ( 16 ) is formed. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the first shaft ( 11 ) and the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) a first coupling device (K1) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the second shaft ( 12 ) and the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) A second coupling device (K2) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the coupling means (K1, K2) are designed as positive or non-positive coupling means. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that between the first shaft ( 11 ) and the second wave ( 12 ) a switchable coupling ( 38 ) is provided. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the switchable coupling is designed as a frictional coupling device. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the compound of third wave ( 13 ) and operated as a generator electric machine ( 4 ) is associated with a braking device. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that coaxial with the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) is provided a further second mechanical speed / torque converter, which is also designed as a three-shaft planetary gear, comprising a first shaft, with the second shaft ( 12 ) of the first mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) is rotatably connected, a second shaft which is rotatably connected to the transmission input (E) and a third wave ( 13 ), which can be operated with the at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) is rotatably connected. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the first shaft of the planetary gear set of the ring gear ( 44 ), the second wave from the bridge ( 47 ) and the third wave ( 46 ) from the sun wheel ( 45 ). Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the sun gear ( 45 ) of the planetary gear set ( 42 ) and the sun wheel ( 16 ) of the planetary gear ( 10 ) are formed by a component. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that between the second shaft ( 12 ) of the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) and the first wave ( 43 ) of the planetary gear set ( 42 ) and the transmission input (E), the second coupling means (K2) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the third wave ( 46 ) of the planetary gear set ( 42 ) via a coupling device ( 48 ) with the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) is rotatably connected. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 17, characterized in that it is designed in a compact design and the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) in close proximity to the electrical transmission ( 3 ) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) and the electrical transmission unit ( 3 ) are arranged in a housing. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 16, characterized in that it is designed in a dissolved construction, wherein the at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 5 ) and the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 2 ) form a structural unit and the at least as an electric motor operable electrical machines ( 5 ) in spatial distance to the structural unit of speed / torque converter ( 2 ) and generator ( 4 ) are arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that a plurality of electric motors operable as electric motors ( 5 ) are provided, which are arranged directly on the wheels to be driven, wherein the outputs of the gear unit are formed by the coupled with the wheels shafts.