DE102005039592A1 - Transmission unit for hybrid drive, comprises starting unit assembled of electric drive and torque converter - Google Patents

Abstract

The starting unit (3) is designed as a hybrid module (42) with a generator to be used as an electric drive (4) and a torque converter (5) with triple gearing. The first shaft (11) can be connected to the input device (E), the second (12) to the output element (A) and also to the input element (E) of the mechanical part (2). The third shaft (13) is joined to the electrically operated unit (4). The electrically driven device (4) is designed as a hollow shaft drive positioned coaxial to the torque converter (5).

Description

The The invention relates to a gear unit, in detail with the Features of the preamble of claim 1.

Automatic transmissions are previously known in a variety of prior art designs. These are generally designed as hydrodynamic-mechanical multi-speed transmission, comprising a hydrodynamic speed / torque converter and a mechanical transmission part. The publication DE 36 04 393 C2 discloses a multi-speed hydrodynamic transmission comprising a torque converter and a manual transmission connected in series therewith. The gearbox includes two planetary gear sets, wherein the planet carrier of the two planetary gear sets are coupled together and form the output of the gearbox. The number of required Planetenradstege or planetary gear sets (possibly a Ravigneauxsatz) can be kept low with such an arrangement and with appropriate assignment of switching devices are at least three gear ratios can be realized, which are seen in the axial direction, kept very short. The hydrodynamic speed / torque converter comprises a pump, a turbine and two stator - a first stator and a second stator, means are provided which allow coupling of the turbine wheel and the first stator with the mechanical transmission part in the form of the gearbox. In detail, the total transmission input shaft is coupled either via the hydrodynamic speed / torque converter and thereby via the turbine wheel with the sun gear of the one planetary gear set of the mechanical transmission part or directly via a so-called lockup clutch with this. The first stator is connected via a freewheel with the sun gear of the other second planetary gear set of the mechanical transmission part. The characteristic properties of the speed / torque converter in each range of the transmission ratio and the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission part are changed by switching the transmission path of the outgoing from the first stator shaft torque, by the selective actuation of clutch and / or braking devices, either a Setting the first Leitradwelle or allow a coupling of the first Leitradwelle with the turbine shaft and thus the first sun gear of the first planetary gear set. With this design, a wear-free starting process is possible. For the auxiliary drives, that is, drives the ancillary units, however, either corresponding couplings to the transmission or separate drives in the form of electric motors are required. The connection to the transmission path is usually in the field of mechanical transmission part and is to be considered in the design and dimensioning of this.

Although the starting unit of such a transmission, comprising the hydrodynamic speed / torque converter, can meet the requirements placed on it, should the transmission unit also be suitable for hybrid drives, a corresponding coupling possibility is to be provided. Hybrid drives in turn are also known from a variety of designs from the prior art, for example, is referred to "Press Information 1997" by Toyota is a hybrid system in which the power-split principle, the internal combustion engine via a planetary carrier of a planetary gear both a generator and on the Ring gear drives the drive train. The power is thus branched in a mechanical strand and an electrical strand, wherein the torque can be varied in the electrical train similar to a hydrodynamic speed / torque converter. At the output, the sum of the torques of the mechanical sub-string and the electrical sub-string is removable. Furthermore, this arrangement allows z. B. also a purely electrical operation in which only the electric motor is powered, the internal combustion engine, however, stands still. The hybrid system for this purpose comprises a power split device, a generator, an electric motor and a reduction gear. The power split device is designed in the form of a planetary gear set, wherein the planet carrier, ie the web, is in drive connection with the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. The power is transmitted to the sun gear and the ring gear of the planetary gear via the planet carrier or coupled with this planet gears. The ring gear is coupled directly to the electric drive motor and the output shaft via a reduction gear. The sun gear is coupled to the generator. With such a device a variety of different modes of operation can be realized. Thus, the starting process of the internal combustion engine is realized via the generator. This acts as a starter and is fed in this case from the energy storage device. After the internal combustion engine is started, the generator is used to generate electrical energy and drives the electric motor, which in turn emits power to the output shaft or to the wheels to be driven. In the normal traction mode of the vehicle, ie the driving operation, the internal combustion engine supplies the entire power, and it is generated no additional electrical energy. At a desired acceleration that of the Burn Power output engine split on the two transmission branches and converted according to the desired result in the individual power branches in terms of speed and torque. The disadvantage of such a system consists essentially in the fact that in each case a corresponding control of the power actuators of the generator and / or the electric motor must be made in order to make the power distribution in a corresponding manner and that further the entire drive means a lot of space and space needed.

To solve this problem proposes DE 201 17 410 an electromechanical transmission assembly comprising at least one mechanical and one electrical transmission branch. The electrical transmission branch comprises an electrical transmission unit having at least one first electric machine which can be operated as a generator and a second electric machine which can be operated at least as an electric motor. In addition, means are provided with which the power input to the transmission input shaft can be distributed to the transmission branches and is brought together again at the transmission output shaft. The transmission input shaft, transmission output shaft and the electric machine that can be operated as a generator as well as the electric machine that can be operated as a motor and the means are arranged coaxially with respect to their input and output elements. In this embodiment, the power transmission is mainly in power split in all operating conditions. This means that always one power component must be transmitted electrically, while the other is transmitted mechanically. A separate transmission over only one of the power branches is possible only with the addition of further aids for supporting the individual components.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, a gear unit for one Hybrid drive in a simple manner with from the prior art to create known assemblies. This is intended to a high degree of standardization and the use of a basic transmission for a hybrid drive from a be given conventional automatic transmission. The advantages of the electric power transmission especially for the starting area can be used, with the possibility of a automatic Reduction of the electrical power also given should be.

It is to ensure operation of the transmission assembly as an automatic transmission so that a purely mechanical power transmission without problems is possible, wherein a switching between a combined mechanical electrical Drive and purely electrical or purely mechanical driving should be done without interruption of traction.

The inventive solution characterized by the features of claim 1. advantageous Embodiments are described in the subclaims.

• a) Anfahren und Fahren bis beispielsweise 50 km/h rein elektrisch
• b) Anfahren und Fahren sowohl mit einer konventionellen Antriebsmaschine, d. h. einem Dieselmotor und einem Elektromotor in Leistungssummierung bei variablen Eingangsdrehzahlen und konstanten Drehmomentverhältnissen beider Antriebe (Koppelung nach Willies-Gleichung verstanden)
• c) Anfahren und Fahren mit Diesel- und E-Motor in reiner Leistungssummierung bei gleichen Eingangsdrehzahlen beider Antriebe aber unterschiedlichen Drehmomenten
• d) Anfahren und Fahren nur mit Dieselmotor
• e) Rückwärtsfahren

According to the invention, the gear unit comprises a starting unit and a mechanical gear part, which corresponds to the actual gearshift transmission. However, as a starting unit there is no hydrodynamic speed / torque converter and a bridging clutch required for bypassing its use, but a hybrid unit as a building and functional unit of an electrical machine, which can be operated both as a generator and as an electric motor, and a speed / torque converter, preferably in the form of a planetary gear set. This ensures that the usable multi-speed transmission, which is possible anyway, as a basic transmission with a drive module in the form of a hybrid module, which is designed as a unit, can be combined in a simple manner into a transmission unit. As a result, a hybrid drive which can be used in series as well as in parallel can be provided. This hybrid module replaces the conventional hydrodynamic starting element. This acts both as a drive and as a brake module. According to the invention, the electric machine is designed as a hollow shaft machine, ie the rotor is designed as a hollow shaft and forms a cavity in which the planetary differential of the hybrid module is arranged. Ie. the speed / torque conversion device of the hybrid module is arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the electric machine and thus to the electric machine and preferably in the region of the axial extent of the electric machine. Furthermore, depending on the design of the electric machine, these can also have an inner stator, which is then likewise arranged on a hollow-cylindrical carrier element. By this construction, a particularly space-saving design is possible, wherein the hybrid module can be integrated in the space provided for hydrodynamic Anfahreinheiten space. The drive and brake module is constructed on a planetary gear set and an electric machine that can be used as an electric motor and as an electric generator. This makes it possible to realize different starting and driving operations. In this regard, a distinction can be made:

• a) starting and driving to, for example, 50 km / h purely electric
• b) starting and driving both with a conventional drive machine, ie a diesel engine and an electric motor in power summation at variable input speeds and constant torque ratios of both drives (coupling according to Willies equation understood)
• c) Starting and driving with diesel and electric motor in pure power summation at the same input speeds of both drives but different torques
• d) starting and driving only with diesel engine
• e) reversing

• a) Bremsen und Rekuperieren bis 50 km/h rein generatorisch
• b) Bremsen und Rekuperieren mit Motorbremse und der elektrischen Maschine, welche als Generator betrieben wird, in Bremsleistungsverteilung bei variablen Drehzahlen von Verbrennungskraftmaschine und elektrischer Maschine, jedoch konstanter Drehmomentverhältnissen
• c) Bremsen und Rekuperieren mit Motorbremse und Generator in Bremsleistungsverteilung bei gleichen Eingangsdrehzahlen beider Antriebe und variablen Drehmomenten
• d) Bremsen mit Motorbremse ohne Rekuperation
• e) Bremsen mit hydrodynamischem Retarder

The hybrid drive also allows a long-term charging operation, ie Dauerrekuperationsbetrieb, wherein recuperation is understood as the possibility of charging an electrical storage unit. Also, a short-time charging operation, ie Kurzrekuperationsbetrieb during braking operations in the electrical storage is possible.

• a) Braking and recuperation up to 50 km / h purely as a generator
• b) Braking and recuperation with engine brake and the electric machine, which is operated as a generator, in braking power distribution at variable speeds of internal combustion engine and electric machine, but constant torque ratios
• c) Braking and recuperation with engine brake and generator in braking power distribution at the same input speeds of both drives and variable torques
• d) Braking with engine brake without recuperation
• e) Braking with hydrodynamic retarder

This Hybrid module acts as a module for switching to the above operating states.

According to one Further development includes the gear unit additionally a hydrodynamic retarder. This can with every braking operation be meaningfully shared. This may be missing braking power, in particular during switching operations or emergency service braking and / or lack of coverage of the braking power in the individual braking situations of generator and engine brake be compensated.

According to the invention sets the hybrid module consists of a switchable differential gear with an electric machine as electrical starting element together. In this case, the differential gear has a stationary gear ratio with also a fixed business translation is adjustable, up. The differential gear has different Tasks, in particular, this acts as summing in parallel Drive over the internal combustion engine and the electric machine or as distribution gearbox with drive over the prime mover and conversion of a part of the mechanical in the transmission introduced power into electrical energy at the same time regenerative operation of the electric machine. Furthermore, a Coupling device provided which a purely internal combustion engine Operation allows this means a bypass of the electric machine. The electric machine acts as a wear-free Brake in recuperation mode. A towing the electric machine does not occur because the ring gear remains freely rotatable in this state. The planets resemble slow trailing motions of ring gear and sun gear out.

The coupling structure is characterized by the following features:
The transmission assembly comprises at least one transmission input and a transmission output and a hybrid module, which is connected upstream of a mechanical transmission part. The mechanical speed / torque converter is rotatably connected to the output of the gear unit. The hybrid module is rotatably connected to the transmission input, which can be rotatably coupled to a prime mover, preferably in the form of an internal combustion engine. The hybrid module comprises at least one electric machine which can be operated as a generator and as an electric motor and a mechanical speed / torque converter in the form of a differential gear, preferably in the form of a three-shaft transmission. This comprises a first shaft which is at least indirectly rotatably connected to the transmission input, a second shaft which is at least indirectly coupled to the output of the transmission unit, in particular the input of the mechanical speed / torque converter and additionally optionally with the input of the transmission unit and a third Shaft which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft of the electric machine. The first shaft is formed by the ring gear, the second shaft by the bridge and the third shaft by the sun gear. According to the invention, the electric machine is designed as a hollow shaft motor and arranged coaxially with the planetary differential of the hybrid module. The hollow shaft motor is characterized by a designed as a hollow shaft rotor shaft, which describes a cavity in the circumferential direction, which is used in a space-saving manner for the arrangement of the planetary differential gear. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the electric machine and the planetary differential are arranged in an axial plane, so that a particularly space-saving design can be ensured here. In this case, a first coupling device is provided between the first shaft and the input of the gear unit and a second coupling device between the second shaft and the input of the gear unit. The coupling devices can be designed as non-positive and / or positive coupling devices. The solution according to the invention makes it possible, due to the arrangement of the individual elements and their coupling, an electromechanical transmission to provide, on the one hand a power transmission over two power branches of two prime movers is possible, but also a purely mechanical power transmission and a purely electrical power transmission without significant modifications, the switching between the individual operating areas can be done free of interruption of traction.

According to one Particularly advantageous further development can start with Internal combustion engine (first shaft) and the electric machine in generator mode (Wave 3) allows become. A start with empty batteries can be made possible.

Regarding the activity consist of individual coupling devices and the braking device for the individual operating states a variety of ways. It is also conceivable in purely mechanical driving (clutch C2 closed) or at standstill mechanical power over the operated as a generator electric machine in the energy storage as electrical energy store. The solution according to the invention offers Furthermore, the advantage that due to the use of an electrical Machine and the planetary differential which characterizes the transmittable power Sizes free, this means can be steplessly controlled. This concerns in detail the control of speed and / or torque.

• 1. Im Traktionsbetrieb, d. h. Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle: a) Leistungsübertragung von der Energiespeichereinrichtung über den Elektromotor zu einer mit dem Getriebeeingang gekoppelten Antriebsmaschine, insbesondere Verbrennungskraftmaschine zur Realisierung des Anlassvorganges b) Leistungsübertragung von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und vom Elektromotor auf den mechanischen Getriebeteil zur Abtriebswelle (Drehmomentverhältnisse konstant) unter Ausnutzung der Standübersetzung des Planetendifferenzials des Hybridmoduls c) Leistungsübertragung von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und damit Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle und Elektromotor bei einem überbrückten Verteilergetriebe (Drehzahlverhältnisse konstant) d) Mechanische Leistungsübertragung vom Verbrennungsmotor in die Getriebeeingangswelle zur Getriebeausgangswelle bei überbrücktem Verteilergetriebe, d. h. Planetendifferenzials des Hybridmoduls e) rein elektrische Leistungsübertragung von der Energiespeichereinrichtung über den Elektromotor und das Planetendifferenzialgetriebe zur Getriebeausgangswelle
• 2. Im Schleppbetrieb und Bremsbetrieb: a) Leistungsübertragung von den Antriebsrädern zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine über den mechanischen Getriebezweig zum Schleppen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und Abzweigung eines Leistungsanteiles zur Aufladung der Energiespeichereinrichtung bei generatorischen Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine b) Leistungsübertragung von den Antriebsrädern zur Energiespeichereinrichtung über den elektrischen Getriebezweig zur Aufladung der Energiespeichereinrichtung bei abgekoppelter Verbrennungskraftmaschine und feststehendem Hohlrad des Planetendifferenzials c) Leistungsübertragung von der Getriebeausgangswelle zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei überbrücktem Planetendifferenzialgetriebe

Upon integration of the inventively designed gear unit and the coupling of the electric machine with a power supply device, preferably also energy storage device, for example in a vehicle, resulting in detail in addition the following possible modes of operation, being distinguished here between traction and towing or braking operation:

• 1. In traction mode, ie power transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft: a) power transmission from the energy storage device via the electric motor to a coupled to the transmission input prime mover, in particular internal combustion engine to realize the starting process b) power transmission from the internal combustion engine and the electric motor to the mechanical transmission part Output shaft (torque ratios constant) taking advantage of the state ratio of the planetary differential of the hybrid module c) power transmission from the internal combustion engine and thus transmission input shaft to transmission output shaft and electric motor in a bridged transfer case (speed ratios constant) d) Mechanical power transmission from the engine to the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft bridged transfer case, ie Planetendifferenzials the hybrid module e) purely electrical Power transmission from the energy storage device via the electric motor and the planetary differential gear to the transmission output shaft
• 2. In towing and braking operation: a) power transmission from the drive wheels to the internal combustion engine via the mechanical transmission branch for towing the internal combustion engine and diversion of a power component for charging the energy storage device during generator operation of the electric machine b) power transmission from the drive wheels to the energy storage device via the electrical transmission branch Charging the energy storage device at uncoupled internal combustion engine and stationary ring gear of the planetary differential c) power transmission from the transmission output shaft to the internal combustion engine with bridged planetary differential

The implementation of the individual modes of operation is carried out by appropriate determination of individual transmission elements and / or control of the actuators of the transmission elements and / or the control of the electrical machine and / or coupling between the energy storage device and the electrical coupling and arranged in the electrical coupling actuators. The control functions are preferably carried out by means of a control or regulating device, which is integrated in a vehicle preferably in a central driving control or formed by this or can be coupled with this. In this case, preferably at least one signal, for example a signal for a driver request for an acceleration and / or deceleration or commissioning of the vehicle, a signal for at least one variable characterizing the current driving state at least indirectly and / or one which Charging state of the energy storage device used at least indirectly characterizing size. Depending on the desired operation, a corresponding signal is sufficient. Preferably, however, all are monitored. The control device has a plurality of outputs for this purpose. These are coupled to the corresponding switching devices in the gear unit and the actuators, in particular the inverter units of the electric machine operated as a generator and connected to the coupling between the energy storage device and the electrical coupling between the generator and the electric motor. According to the Fah rerwunsches or the desired mode of operation are realized by appropriate control of each element mentioned said functions.

According to one Particularly advantageous embodiment of the hybrid module is as a prefabricated Unit designed and can in this form to any coupled mechanical transmission. Regarding the execution of the mechanical transmission exist a variety of ways. According to one particularly advantageous embodiment Preferably, the mechanical speed / torque converter is at least designed as a three-speed gearbox, with the individual gear stages on a four-shaft planetary gear can be realized. The four-wave Planetary gear is constructed in the form of a Ravignaux set, d. H. is made of two rotatably connected planetary gear stages educated. The planetary gear sets are constructed and designed so that in each case one element at least the first planetary gear set and the second planetary gear set indirectly coupled to the transmission input shaft or the hybrid module are and in each case a further second element of the first planetary gear set with a further second element of the second planetary gear set rotatably connected and this coupling is the output of the mechanical Gear part forms, which at least indirectly with the output the transmission is connected. Preferably, the coupling of the two planetary gear sets - first Planetary gear set and second planetary gear set - in terms of one of their Gear elements realized such that transmission elements of the same Type are coupled together. In this case, the transmission element of the first planetary gear set, which with a transmission element the second planetary gear set is rotatably connected, preferably each from the planet carrier of the associated Planet wheel set formed. The two sun gears of the individual planetary gear sets of the first Planetenradsatzes and the second planetary gear set form the inputs of mechanical transmission part. The output of the mechanical transmission part can either directly with the output of the transmission or another mechanical speed / torque converter in the form of a mechanical secondary stage, which in turn with the output or the transmission output shaft is connected to be coupled.

to Realization of the individual gear stages are switching devices in Form of brake and / or clutch devices provided, wherein these are preferably carried out in lamella type. The individual switching devices are according to the desired Gang and the available translation to press. For this purpose, at least one transmission control is preferably provided. A first braking device serves to detect a first Transmission element of the first planetary gear of the mechanical Transmission part, while a second braking device of the determination of the ring gear of the first planetary gear set and a third braking device of the determination the ring gear of the second planetary gear set of the mechanical speed / torque converter is used.

By the integration of the inventively designed electro-mechanical Transmission unit in a vehicle is the possibility of creating a very compact designed hybrid drive. Preferably, the electromechanical transmission unit integrated into the drive train instead of an automatic gearbox become. In particular, there is the possibility that the control block a multi-speed operation can be used identically to the start-up module to control. For example, in the hybrid module, the former lock-up coupling of the converter a hydrodynamic starting module used as one of the clutches become. Due to the minimal size, which is due to the coaxial Arrangement of the individual power-transmitting elements of the individual Transmission branches is conditional, can in a simple way conventional Automatic transmission against the inventively designed electromechanical transmission be replaced. The electro-mechanical transmission offers the advantage that the overall efficiency is higher, since the power dissipation shares be undercut the converter when starting. During charge operation the torque of the engine can be raised so that it can be operated in a better sphere of activity. additionally can dispense with a classic starter device for the internal combustion engine especially during frequent stop-and-go traffic is of enormous advantage, since the conventional starter devices have a very short life in continuous use operation.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment is also an oil pump, In particular, provided gear pump, which has a separate electrical Machine is driven, if the input speed of the mechanical Transmission is too small. An overtaking coupling allows the sequential operation of this pump, the pressure level and the required openings for the switching elements and provides the lubrication. With appropriate PTO Stirnradkettenausbildung could Lenkhilfepumpen and / or compressors (air conditioning) are driven.

The power supply device for the electric machine can be realized in different ways. In the simplest case, an integrated in the use in vehicles Solution chosen, which may be present for example in the form of a battery or a fuel cell. Conceivable, however, are versions with external power supply, for example in the form of a contact wire.

The solution according to the invention explained below with reference to figures. This is in detail the following is shown:

1 illustrates an embodiment of an inventively designed gear unit in the form of a three-speed transmission;

2 illustrated by a table, the individual theoretically possible switching states.

The 1 illustrates in a schematic simplified representation of the basic structure of an inventive design gear unit 1 , This comprises an input E, which is connectable to a drive machine or a drive unit and at least one output A, which is at least indirectly coupled when used in vehicles with the wheels to be driven. The transmission unit 1 includes a mechanical transmission part 2 comprising mechanical speed / torque converter means and a starter unit 3 in the form of a hybrid module 42 comprising an electric machine operable as a generator and as a motor 4 and a speed / torque converter 5 , The electric machine 4 is about a, here only schematically indicated voltage intermediate circuit 6 with a power supply device 43 coupled. In this are means 7 for influencing the electric power that can be provided by the electric machine or else that can be absorbed by mechanical power during generator operation. In detail, these funds are used 7 the control of the recordable or decoupled power of the electric machine 4 at least indirectly characterizing quantities, such as speed and torque. These funds 7 are executed in the simplest case as Um- or inverter.

Regarding the design of the funds 7 exist a variety of ways. This also applies to their arrangement and assignment to the voltage intermediate circuit 6 ,

The starting unit 3 or the hybrid module 42 is doing with the mechanical transmission part 2 to a structural unit, the gear unit 1 summarized. Preferably, starting unit 3 and mechanical transmission part 2 designed in modular design, ie can be pre-assembled as a prefabricated units, stored and then assembled.

The starting unit 3 associated mechanical speed / torque converter 5 acts as a distributor or summing gear 8th , This is at least in the form of a three-shaft gearbox 9 , preferably in the form of a planetary gear 10 , in front. The planetary gear 10 includes a first wave 11 , which with the input E of the gear unit 1 rotatably connected, for example via a coupling device C1. Further, a second wave 12 provided, which is non-rotatably connected to the output A of the transmission unit and rotatably connected via a second clutch means C2 to the transmission input E and a third shaft 13 which with the electric machine 4 rotatably connected. To realize the mechanical drive through is the second wave 12 further rotatably connected to the input E of the gear unit connectable. In the case shown, the possible connections are made by the first wave 11 with the transmission input E and second shaft 12 with the input E of the gear unit in each case via coupling devices, here via C1 and C2. These can be designed as positive and / or non-positive couplings. The first wave is thereby from the ring gear 14 of the planetary gear 10 formed, the second wave 12 from the jetty 15 and the third wave 13 from the sun wheel 16 ,

The execution according to 1 illustrates the gear unit 1 in compact design. The mechanical speed / torque converter 2 as well as the starting unit 3 , in particular the electric machine 4 and as Summier and / or transfer case depending on the control of the electrical machine 4 acting speed / torque converter 5 are arranged in close proximity to each other. According to 1 are the electric machine 4 and the speed / torque converter 5 the starting unit 3 or of the hybrid module arranged coaxially with each other. Preferably, both are arranged in an axial plane. This is realized by the fact that the electric machine 4 is executed in hollow shaft design, wherein the cavity is the planetary gear 10 encloses. Here is the rotor of the electric machine 4 designed as a hollow cylinder and with the speed / torque converter 5 rotatably connected.

The Clutch C2 can also be routed into the hollow shaft.

The mechanical transmission part 2 includes in the case illustrated a planetary gear 20 in the form of a so-called Ravignaux theorem. This includes two planetary gear stages 21 and 22 in the form of three-shaft planetary gear, leading to a four-shaft planetary gear 20 are summarized. each the planetary gear stages 21 and 22 includes a first wave 23 respectively. 24 , a second wave 25 respectively. 26 and a third wave 27 respectively. 28 , The first waves 23 . 24 are doing from a first element 29 respectively. 30 the individual planetary gear stages 21 respectively. 22 , the second wave 25 respectively. 26 from a second element 31 respectively. 32 and the third wave 27 respectively. 28 from a third element 33 respectively. 34 the individual planetary gear stages 21 and 22 educated. The first element 29 the first planetary gear 21 in the form of the first wave 23 is doing by a sun gear 35 , the second wave 25 from the second element 31 the first planetary gear 21 in the form of the bridge 36 and the third wave 27 in the form of the third element 33 in the form of the ring gear 37 educated. For the second planetary gear 22 becomes the first wave 24 from the first element 30 in the form of the sun wheel 38 formed, the second wave 26 in the form of the second element 32 from the jetty 39 and the third wave 28 in the form of the third element 34 from the ring gear 40 , Here are the bars 36 and 39 the two planetary gear stages 21 and 22 rotatably connected to each other and also rotatably with the transmission output A. The first waves 23 and 24 are rotatably connected to the transmission input E. The coupling is done either directly or for the first planetary gear 21 via the coupling device C3. The third waves 27 and 28 in the form of the third elements 33 and 34 , each of the ring gears 37 and 40 are formed, are about braking devices B21 for the planetary gear 21 and B22 for the planetary gear stage 22 on the housing 41 or a fixed component detectable. The second waves 25 and 26 in the form of the second elements 31 and 32 are rotatably connected to the transmission output A. Furthermore, a further braking device B3 is provided, that of the first shaft 23 the first planetary gear 21 is assigned and this also optionally on a stationary component or the housing 41 finds.

With the present invention designed transmission unit 1 It is possible, the power required at the transmission output A either purely electrically or mechanically by direct coupling with the transmission input E to the mechanical transmission part 2 transferred to. Furthermore, it is possible to power over the electric machine 4 as well as via the coupling with a prime mover. The resulting power branches, first power branch 17 and second power branch 18 , are exemplified by different arrows. In this case, the power flow direction in the individual power branches by means of a broken and a dash-dotted arrow 17 respectively. 18 shown. Depending on the switching position of the individual switching elements C1 to C3 and the braking devices B1 or B ₂₁ , B ₂₂ and B ₃ different operating states can be realized. B ₂₁ could be omitted if reverse gear is realized satisfactorily via hybrid module. The table according to 2 illustrates exemplified the operation of the individual switching elements for individual driving ranges. These are set by controlling the individual gear elements associated switching elements in the form of clutch and / or braking devices. Here, between the purely electrical power transmission to the mechanical transmission part 2 , purely mechanical power transmission to the mechanical transmission part 2 and combination of both. Which of the individual driving conditions is set, depends on the specific application situation and is in appropriate control programs for controlling the transmission unit 1 deposited.

For purely mechanical operation, ie power transmission only via the power branch 17 , the clutch device C2 is actuated, that is closed and the clutch device C1 is open. The drive is from the input E directly to the output A, bypassing the electrical machine 4 directly to the mechanical speed / torque converter 2 , in particular the planetary gear 22 and about these, especially the footbridge 39 , to the transmission output A. This is the mechanical gear and the planetary gear stage 22 associated braking device B ₂₂ closed. The other mechanical gear ratios are achieved by the corresponding actuation of the brake device B3 and the clutch device C3. The second mechanical gear stage is maintained while maintaining the operation of the clutch device C2 in the hybrid module 42 realized, the braking device B ₁ and the first clutch device C1 are open, ie deactivated. In this case, the direct coupling of the transmission input E with the second shaft also takes place in this functional state 12 in the form of the bridge 15 the speed / torque converter 5 of the hybrid module 42 and thus bypassing the electric machine 4 , The translation in the second purely mechanical gear is realized via the operation of the braking device B ₃ . The other clutch and brake devices of the mechanical transmission part 2 are disabled. This means that the sun gear 35 the first planetary gear 21 is fixed. In the third mechanical gear, the clutch device C3 is actuated and the brake device B _{3 is} deactivated. Furthermore, there are no further switching elements of the mechanical transmission part 2 activated, so that the third mechanical gear through the rotationally fixed coupling of the two sun gears 35 and 38 the two planetary gear stages 21 and 22 is characterized. The output is also done here via the bridge. In the purely mechanical driving steps is the electric machine 4 preferably deactivated or is a generator for feeding a power component for the purpose of storing or supplying other devices, such Nebenab operated.

To the power over the two power branches 17 and 18 it is necessary to activate the clutch device C1. In this case, power is provided by the prime mover at the transmission input E and, in addition, power is supplied by the electric machine acting as a motor in this driving state 4 , The two power components are therein in the acting as a summing speed / torque converter 5 merged and over the second wave 12 and their coupling with the mechanical transmission part 2 transferred to this and the output A. Different gear ratios with simultaneous mechanical and electrical power can be distinguished. The switching between a power transmission with power supply to the transmission input E and the electric machine and power transmission or provision only electrically or at the transmission input E and vice versa is made without interruption of traction, for example, during the switching to closing the corresponding clutch devices, in particular the clutch device C2 and the complete power transmission still additional power from the electric machine 4 is provided and fed. The two coupling devices C1 and C2 are preferably overlapping each other in engagement. However, it is also conceivable to actuate these in execution as synchronously switchable couplings, preferably in the form of dog clutches, one after the other.

In the gear stages with power supply at the transmission input E by a prime mover and in addition by the electric machine 4 is the coupling device K1 actuated. It can be used for in the 1 illustrated gear configuration, a plurality of gears with parallel power supply are characterized. A first gear is achieved by the operation of the clutch device C1 and the second planetary gear 22 associated braking device B ₂₂ characterized. The present in the transmission input E via a prime mover power is the mechanical speed / torque converter 5 of the hybrid module 42 transferred and additionally via the electric machine 4 Power fed to the output of the speed / torque converter 5 be merged. The second combined mechanical, electric drive stage is at unchanged actuation of the switching elements of the hybrid module 42 by the operation of the braking device B _{3 of} the mechanical transmission part 2 characterized. The other switching elements are deactivated, ie opened. The third gear is characterized by the operation of the clutch C3. Depending on the control of the electrical machine 4 be realized over this a steplessity of the transferable power. Furthermore, each of the possible shift combinations can be utilized in that either the electric machine connected to the sun gear of the speed / torque converter 5 coupled to the starter unit, can be operated as a generator, while in the other case, this acts as an electric motor and additionally feeds power.

In order to be able to transmit the power purely electrically, in the hybrid module 42 the starting unit 3 the braking device B _{1 is} actuated, while in the mechanical transmission part, the switching element B _{22 of} the second planetary gear 22 is pressed. By operating the brake device B ₁ is the ring gear of the speed / torque converter 5 the starting unit 3 detected.

With the transmission configuration according to the invention, it is possible to approach both mechanically and electrically as well as mechanically-electrically. Each of the possible gear stages, which are characterized by actuation of the switching elements of the mechanical transmission part, can either purely mechanical, that is, by supplying power to the transmission input E by a prime mover, bypassing the hybrid module 42 , purely electrical, that is, power delivery only via the electric machine 4 be done with decoupled drive machine or combined power delivery by a prime mover and the electric machine.

By suitable control of the electric machine and the starting process can be supported with internal combustion engine by the electric machine 4 is operated as a generator and generates a support torque.

Further, a retarder 44 intended. This is preferably designed as a hydrodynamic retarder. According to 1 is this between hybrid module 42 and mechanical transmission part 2 viewed in the axial direction, arranged. This acts as a secondary retarder. Other arrangements are conceivable.

Regarding the design of the mechanical transmission part 2 There are no restrictions. 1 illustrates only a particularly space-saving variant for the realization of a three-speed transmission, which can be supplemented by a group shift set and / or different output configurations.

Preferably, hybrid module 42 and mechanical transmission part 2 as prefabricated units with separate housings 41.a . 41.b leading to a total housing 41 assembled during assembly, executed. The coupling between hybrid module 42 and mechanical transmission part 2 is preferably non-positive or positive.

1

transmission unit

2

mechanical transmission part

3

starter

4

when Generator operable electric machine

5

mechanical Speed / torque converter device

6

Voltage link

7

medium for influencing

8th

Transfer Case

9

Three-shaft transmission

10

planetary gear

11

first wave

12

second wave

13

third wave

14

ring gear

15

web

16

sun

17

first power branch

18

second power branch

21

first planetary gear

22

second planetary gear

23

first wave

24

first wave

25

second wave

26

second wave

27

third wave

28

third wave

29

first gear element

30

first gear element

31

second gear element

32

second gear element

33

third gear element

34

third gear element

35

sun

36

web

37

ring gear

38

sun

39

web

40

ring gear

41

casing

42

hybrid module

43

Power supply unit

44

retarder

B ₁

braking means of the hybrid module

B ₂₁

the planetary gear 21 associated braking device

B ₂₂

the planetary gear 22 associated braking device

B ₃

the Sun gear associated with the first planetary gear

braking means

C1

first coupling device

C2

second coupling device

C3

third coupling device

Claims (13)

Transmission unit ( 1 ) having at least one input (E) and one output (A); with a starting unit ( 3 ) and a mechanical transmission part ( 2 ); characterized by the following features: the starting unit ( 3 ) is used as a hybrid module ( 42 ), comprising an electric machine which can be operated as a generator and as a motor ( 4 ) and a speed / torque converter ( 5 ); the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 5 ) of the hybrid module ( 42 ) is a three-shaft transmission ( 9 ), comprising a first wave ( 11 ), which is at least indirectly rotatably connected to the transmission input (E), a second wave ( 12 ), which at least indirectly with the output (A) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) and thus the input of the mechanical transmission part ( 2 ) is rotatably connected and additionally optionally with the input (E) of the gear unit and a third wave ( 13 ), which can be operated with the at least as a generator operable electric machine ( 4 ) is rotatably connected; the electric machine which can be operated as a generator and a motor ( 4 ) is designed as a hollow shaft machine and coaxial with the speed / torque converter ( 5 ) of the hybrid module ( 42 ) arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the operated as a generator and as a motor electric machine ( 4 ) in an axial plane with the speed / torque converter ( 5 ) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that between the first shaft ( 11 ) of the planetary gear and the input (E) of the gear unit ( 1 ) a first coupling device (C1) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that between the second shaft ( 12 ) and the input (E) of the transmission unit ( 1 ) A second coupling device (C2) is arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Connection of a wave ( 14 ) and transmission input (E) is associated with a braking device (B ₁ ). Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the coupling device (C1, C2) and / or braking device are designed as positive or non-positive coupling or braking devices. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the three-shaft transmission ( 9 ) as a planetary gear ( 10 ), wherein the first wave ( 11 ) of the ring gear ( 14 ), the second wave ( 12 ) from the pier ( 15 ) and the third wave ( 13 ) from the Sonnerad ( 16 ) is formed. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mechanical speed / torque converter ( 5 ) and the electric machine ( 4 ) in a housing ( 41a ) are arranged. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mechanical transmission part ( 2 ) comprises at least one three-gear transmission, comprising a first planetary gear ( 21 ) and a second three-shaft planetary gear ( 22 ) leading to a four-shaft planetary gear ( 20 ) are summarized. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that each planetary gear ( 21 . 22 ) a sun wheel ( 35 . 38 ), a ring gear ( 37 . 40 ) and a footbridge ( 36 . 39 ), wherein the webs of both planetary gear rotatably connected to each other. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the hybrid module ( 42 ) and the mechanical transmission part ( 2 ) each have their own housing ( 41a . 41b ), which in assembly to the overall housing ( 41 ) get connected. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the connection between the output shaft of the hybrid module ( 41 ) and input shaft of the mechanical transmission part force and / or positively. Transmission unit ( 1 ) according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the sun gear ( 16 ) of the planetary gear ( 10 ) of the hybrid module an integral part of the mechanical transmission part ( 2 ) is an integral unit with the input shaft of the mechanical transmission part ( 2 ).