DE102005010204B4 - Component for receiving and / or conducting a fluid, method for producing a component - Google Patents

Abstract

Container for receiving and / or conducting hot water in a water heater, which has an inner sheath made of plastic and an outer sheath made of plastic, wherein the inner sheath is designed for receiving or conducting the hot water and the outer sheath supports the inner sheath,
characterized,
that the inner jacket (5) and / or the outer jacket (6) are fixed without gaps by internal strains of the respective plastics using at least one dimensional change occurring in the course of an injection molding or die casting manufacturing process, wherein openings and / or feedthroughs for inputs and Outlet pipes (28, 31) and radiator ducts (18) or flanges (23) are integrated with gentle integration in a selected initial geometry of the component using generously sized radii or radii transitions in mechanically soft running areas, and
in that the inner casing (5) is made of at least one first plastic of the group consisting of polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP or polybutene PB-1 and / or the outer casing (6) as an outer supporting casing made of at least one second plastic of the group consisting of a ...

Description

The The present invention relates to a component for receiving and / or Conduction of a fluid medium. Furthermore, the invention relates a method for producing a container with at least one Connection for receiving and / or conducting a fluid medium.

devices for the passage and / or storage of hot water in the form of Drinking water with an elevated Temperature of for example 82 ° C consist in the contact area with the hot water usually made of copper, Brass, stainless steel, enamelled steel or other coated metals. The materials mentioned are due to their material properties and / or manufacturing costs disadvantageous. In addition, lead in particular copper and Brass to a drinking water load and at low pH below a limit of pH 6.5 in addition to a significant burden Drinking water also to high corrosion to the respective Devices.

by virtue of the costs, but also the progressively tightened regulations and limits for drinking water and its chemical pollution has become increasingly prevalent in the recent past Use of plastics in this area has been suggested. The stress of fluid-carrying Components in the range of application of hot water treatment and drinking water installation However, it is characterized by a superposition of different types Load types. In addition to a purely mechanical stress by a pressure of usually more than 6 bar and pressure fluctuations additionally Temperature and media influences, the for Polymer materials and their long-term reliability in use in general represent critical factors. It is not just about a static load, but rather cyclic-dynamic Component stresses due to temperature and / or pressure changes occur. Last but not least, the medium also provides water itself its diverse Ingredients such as lime, deposits or salt and chlorine contacts with variations in pH, etc., another important connection size for use of many plastics. The requirements for plastics in this special scope are therefore very high.

From the DE 102 16 175 C1 a component of the type mentioned is known, which has an inner shell and an outer shell as a container or tube, wherein the inner shell is designed for receiving or guiding the fluid and the outer shell supports the inner shell. As a stored in a large extent in containers or transported by pipes fluid, which in particular to the material of an inner shell of a device of the type mentioned due to its chemical composition and / or chemical admixtures and changes in its temperature and fluctuations in an operating pressure very high demands, is subsequently treated without dispensing with the use of other fluids only drinking water.

With regard to the pressure fatigue strength and a pressure swing load, pressure vessels in hot water storage tanks are to be regarded as particularly critical components. This teaches the DE 102 16 175 C1 the use of a sufficiently watertight and temperature-resistant inner shell, which is supported by a sturdier and stiffer plastic outer sheath with additional mechanical stiffeners.

It the object of the present invention is a component of the above mentioned type with even greater reliability in continuous use to accomplish. Furthermore, it is the object of the invention, a method to demonstrate the production of such a component.

These The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Accordingly, draws itself an inventive component of the aforementioned type, each having at least one inner layer made of a first plastic and at least one outer layer made of a second plastic characterized in that the inner layer and the outer layer using at least one in the course of a Spitzguß- or Die-cast manufacturing process occurring dimensional change at least one of the two layers are fixed together, with openings and / or bushings for inputs and Outlet pipes and radiator ducts with gentle integration into a selected initial geometry of the Component using generously sized Radii or radii transitions in mechanical softly executed Areas are integrated.

A corresponding component is characterized in that the inner layer and / or the outer layer by internal stresses of the respective plastics gap-free, possibly also separable again, are interconnected. In the processing of plastics manufacturing dimensional changes are known. Especially in plastic injection molding, but also in plastic die-casting, dimensional changes in the plastic molded part just made, which are known as production shrinkage or production shrinkage, subsequently appear on the shaping. A production loss is significantly greater than any subsequent temperature-induced dimensional change. As another form of a dimension In the case of plastics, shrinkage, which takes place very slowly over time, occurs due to recrystallization processes occurring within the material.

Next But a loss of production is also the process of an inverse one Shrinkage or expansion of a plastic body directly after the actual shaping technically feasible. For example, this can be done in a conventional manner, chemical and / or physical blowing agents introduced into the still warm plastic material, for. B. by injection, and / or activated within the plastic body. By the blowing agents added to the plastic granules the processing loss is reduced or even avoided.

• • die Außenschicht kann auf die Innenschicht aufschrumpfen,
• • die Innenschicht kann sich gegen die Außenschicht ausdehnen, oder
• • es kann schließlich die Innenschicht sich ausdehnen und zugleich die Außenschicht noch auf die Innenschicht schrumpfen.

For a component according to the invention, there are thus three possibilities for creating a gap-free arrangement of an outer layer over an inner layer:

• The outer layer can shrink to the inner layer,
• • the inner layer can expand against the outer layer, or
• • Finally, the inner layer can expand and at the same time shrink the outer layer to the inner layer.

Everyone the above cases allows advantageously the use of at least one already prefabricated part body, the according to one of the aforementioned scenarios with a second element is connected gap-free. This second element can for This assembly step has been taken directly from a mold However, it can also be in or over a pre-made first Part are made in a mold, preferably in an injection molding process. In Each of the above three cases is characterized by impaired stretching or hindered shrinkage a tensile or compressive stress in at least one induced the elements to be joined together.

one potential Cracking is particularly in the field of always fluid-tight Inner sheath even with high mechanical stress through the outer sheath, Pressure vessel fittings and / or the internal pressure permanently counteracted. This is served by the additional Guideline regarding the integration of openings and / or bushings u. in a respective initial geometry of the component. Using generously sized Radii or radii transitions Notch effects on component transitions very effectively lowered, especially in the area of the inner shell loads taken into account in all spatial directions Need to become. Another means of reducing susceptibility to cracking, especially the inner shell is in an execution mechanically soft-acting areas that are in a forest are integrated.

A material occurring and remaining residual stress is included preferably adjustable in each of the two coats. This residual stress is chosen as that also as a result of age-related shrinkage processes and / or recrystallization processes between the outer jacket and the inner sheath does not form a gap. This will ensure that the inner jacket also in the case of temperature and / or pressure cycling always sufficient mechanical strength through the outer shell to the effect that due to excessive stretching of the inner shell caused cracking and associated leaks in the area of at least the Inner sheath can be permanently prevented. On the other hand, that is material internal residual stress also adjust so that neither the material the outer mantle, still overstretched that of the inner mantle become. Any kind of overuse can z. B. by crystallization of the respective plastics a permanent weakening and / or cause the formation of cracking germs. These features are in the design stage straight at openings and / or passages u. a. especially to take into account the principle regularly both in the inner jacket as well as in the outer jacket to be provided.

In an embodiment The invention provides an inner layer with physical blowing agent in the outer jacket brought in. To form an inner fluid in fluid contact surface of the inner shell of the inner shell itself can be constructed mehrschalig be, for example in the form of several inner layers. It can also for the inner layer in fluid contact with a prefabricated one Element used then into the outer layer used and by a second inner layer gap-free with the outer layer is connected.

all described above with further developments solutions for a component in the form of a pressure vessel or a pipe with fluid load by heated drinking water is so in common that they are multi-layered structures of at least two plastics are formed, with a breakdown of the various Requirements for several plastics with different property profiles can be made. The inner jacket or inliner will be suitable for hot water contact and media durability selected. When Materials come for this example, polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP or polybutene PB-1 is used.

The outer support shell or the outside layer is selected according to the maximum expected mechanical requirements, in order to prevent the inliner from being stretched too much, which would in the long run result in the formation of cracks. Accordingly, for the outer layer as an outer support jacket advantageously by glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers or natural fibers or otherwise fiber-reinforced plastics are used, such as polyamide PA, polyphenylene PPO, polyphenylene sulfide PPS or polyphthalamide PPA.

When Manufacturing processes are in the choice of thermoplastics for the production of components according to the invention with injection molding or die casting method comparatively simple and inexpensive as well Use of plastic-typical rational production method. One Multi-component injection molding is to achieve a gap-free connection between foreign and inner jacket due to internal tension of the respective plastics as well as a shrinking process or inverse shrinking process. At opposite known in the art and usually as a wrapped Multi-layer body built up containers is a clear according to the invention Reduction of the component weight to achieve. At the same time a beneficial increase the geometric freedom of design high functional integration density can be achieved.

In an essential embodiment of the invention is an inventive component provided with a flange at a free end. At this flange can the component of the invention with a substantially mirror-symmetrical flange another component by sealingly connected by screwing become. The formation of the flange is in Hinblich executed optimized to a local reduction of component voltages. The is in one embodiment the invention by a radial transition of a respective wall realized in a flange, which in an adapted way and Way is provided in particular on the inner and on the outer jacket.

bushings in a component according to the invention, as for example for Inlet and outlet pipes and radiator feedthroughs are required are characterized according to the invention, that with gentle integration of the bushings into a selected initial geometry of the component using generous radii transitions in mechanical softly executed Areas are integrated. The plastic material of the component also retains through further measures the possibility of external mechanical Reduce loads internally by permissible material deformation. In this sense are also for Radiators bushings several individual openings provided, the surrounding areas over radii with contour-shaped Stiffening webs in the area of the outer material and under geometry adjustment are interconnected with respect to the inner shell.

One inventive method is characterized by the fact that the Inner jacket in the outer jacket is inserted and both by internal tension of the respective Plastics using at least one in the course of injection molding or die casting manufacturing process occurring dimensional change are fixed without gaps in each other. Openings and / or feedthroughs for a- and outlet pipes and radiator ducts or Heizflansche are each on the inner shell and / or outer sheath at injection molding or die-cast manufacturing process attached and under gentle involvement in the chosen Initial geometry of the component during the injection molding process, using generously measured Radii or radii transitions in mechanical softly executed Formed areas.

Further Advantages and developments of devices and methods according to the invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures of the drawing described in more detail. Show it:

1 a sectional view through a first embodiment of a half-shell of a hot water pressure vessel;

2a and 2 B : A plan view of radiator passages on a pressure vessel according to the invention with a sectional view in a plane AA;

3a and 3b : a top view of the in 2a shown area from the inside with a sectional view in the plane BB;

4 a sectional view through the area of a heating flange of a hot water pressure vessel;

5 : an enlarged perspective view of a section of 4 ;

6 a sectional view of an outlet pipe;

7a to 7c : one outside and two inside views of the spout of 6 ;

8th a sectional view of an inlet pipe;

9a to 9c : an external view and two interior views of elements of the inlet pipe of 8th ;

10 a perspective view of a half-shell with a heating flange according to 15a / b, an outlet pipe according to 19 and an inlet pipe according to 21 in an exterior view and

11 : a perspective view of the half shell of 10 in an interior view.

About the various embodiments of inventive components In the following, the same reference numerals will be used for the same Elements used.

The sectional view of 1 shows a first embodiment of a half-shell 1 a hot water pressure vessel. The half shell 1 has a hemispherical container portion at a closed end 2 up to an open end of the half shell 1 towards a cylindrical container area 3 continuous and strictly harmonious. The illustrated half shell 1 In contrast to known from the prior art manufacturing method for plastic fluid containers made of plastic parts, which have each been manufactured in a plastic injection molding or plastic die-casting process and positively connected with each other. By contrast, the production of a blow-molded, fluid-resistant plastic hollow body is known from the prior art, which is wrapped in a very complicated process for forming a mechanically stable outer layer, for example, by resin-impregnated glass fibers. In contrast, the in 1 illustrated half-shell 1 prepared in a method described below:
In a first step, an inner jacket 5 or an inliner prefabricated in an injection molding and cooled at least so far that component shrinkage or a production loss is substantially complete. This is now the inner jacket 5 with a fixed geometry. In a second injection molding process, an outer sheath is now 6 made of a different plastic material. Immediately after completion of the shaping of the outer shell 6 becomes the prefabricated inner jacket 5 in the outer or support jacket 6 inserted. Preferably, the inner jacket 5 directly after demoulding into the still hot outer jacket 6 so that another aufzuschaltierende heating process for the outer jacket 6 can be omitted and the plastic shrinkage compared to any thermal expansion always much larger failing production shrinkage of the outer shell 6 for a positive connection between the outer jacket 6 and inner jacket 5 after cooling the outer jacket 6 and the effect of the processing shrinkage of the material of the outer jacket 6 can be used very effectively. Because the material of the outer jacket 6 changes its geometry by the processing shrinkage such that the outer jacket 6 on the contour of the inner shell 5 Permanently shrinked largely without gaps.

The insertion of the inner jacket 5 advantageously takes place directly on the injection molding machine, the outer shell 6 produced by a suitable handling system or a robot. The coordination of the component geometries and the processing parameters in the injection molding process of the respective components 5 . 6 achieved a targeted shrinkage, through which the outer jacket 6 as a closed layer with a defined bias to the material of the liner or the inner shell 5 invests.

A gap formation between inner and outer sheath 5 . 6 and an associated deleterious reduction in the mechanical support of the inner shell 5 through the outer jacket 6 is very effectively prevented by the static prestressing caused in the course of manufacturing shrinkage. By this preload of the inner shell 5 through from the outer jacket 6 originating external pressure can counteract in the selected safety-critical field of application of a hot water pressure storage a permanently existing, static internal load pressure of about 5 to 15 bar of this external load and thus the sum of the plastic material of the inner shell 5 lower acting forces. In total, this higher loads of a corresponding hot water pressure vessel can be reached.

The bias voltage can for different areas and selected geometries of the half shell 1 be set differently high. This setting can be adapted to a later component load by a suitable geometry selection already at the design stage. In areas of high component load higher bias voltages can be set than in the area of low component load. In a two-shell pressure vessel described above, the bias should be adjusted as a result of shrinkage by about 0.1 to 0.3 mm. The radial preload on the cylinder wall should be much higher than the preload in the longitudinal direction of the half shell 1 be. In the present case, the diameter of about 200 mm in the cylindrical container area 3 about 0 to 0.5 mm shrinkage for bias generation and provided in the longitudinal direction or parallel to the central axis M 0 mm shrinkage.

It is thus a multi-wall pressure vessel ter component in the form of a half shell 1 has been formed from two plastics, wherein a division of the requirements occurring in the operation of a hot water pressure vessel can be made to the two plastics. The plastics therefore also have a different property profile, according to which the material of the inliner or the inner jacket 5 suitable for a permanent hot water contact with appropriate resistance to chemical admixtures of drinking water, and the outer jacket 6 as a mechanical support jacket of the inner shell 5 is trained. This is done for the outer jacket 6 in the present case uses a fiber-reinforced plastic, preferably a glass fiber reinforced polyamide PA. For the media-resistant and dense inner material, polybuthene-1 or PB-A is used as the plastic material.

From the injection area 4 The corresponding plastics flow into a flange in their manufacturing processes in the appropriate molds 7 out. The flange 7 points in his by the plastic of the outer shell 6 formed area recesses, whose central axis 8th parallel to the central axis M of the half-shell body 1 run. Furthermore, the flange has 7 on the outside also by the plastic of the outer jacket 6 formed ribs 9 on. The flange 7 serves the connection of the half shell 1 with a tubular further component or a half-shell 1 according to the present embodiment in a mirror image arrangement. This is a screw connection of the flanges 7 preferred along the central axis 8th have corresponding recesses. In a manner not shown are between two flanges 7 still seals and or sealant arranged.

To increase the pressure force taking into account the particular physical material properties of the plastic of the outer sheath layer 6 runs the flange 7 in the radial direction outward by an angle α rising. This deviation from a flat course of the flange 7 is preferably due to shrinkage phenomena in the ribs 9 already given in the course of component construction and automatically realized by the manufacturing process.

The above, in particular with reference to the figure of 1 As a result of the special significance of production shrinkage and its advantageous use in the context of the present invention, the production method described is also referred to as a shrinkage method or as an abbreviation for "mold shrink assembly" with MSA methods. Using the above 1 described geometric features of a half-shell 1 can be used in an alternative method of production, a multi-component injection molding, in which at first the inner shell 5 injected as inliner. The inliner 5 is then followed by a support jacket 6 molded. In doing so, the material of the inner jacket must 5 be selected so that when overmolding with the material of the outer shell 6 mechanically and / or thermally not too heavily loaded or even damaged. When choosing the material, it must be taken into account that the inner material must have higher processing temperatures than the outer material. In addition, material parameters, such as processing shrinkage and linear thermal expansion of the two materials must be coordinated. These often contradictory requirements are usually quite difficult to meet simultaneously, the individual materials are expensive, or due to the demands made in terms of processability of the materials later manufactured component meet the requirements of an operation only in some areas. Would, however, first the outer jacket 6 sprayed and then the inliner be sprayed, as would be due to the processing shrinkage of the inliner material almost inevitably a gap formation between the outer support shell 3 and the inliner 5 , or it comes at a compound of the two plastics to high internal stresses of the composite, which occur especially in the region of the boundary layers.

As already above 1 described, so is an area around a flange 7 around for the positive reception of the inner shell 7 designed to support the sealing area. The flange area is not exactly horizontal, but to the wall of the cylindrical container area 3 formed at an angle α slightly angled. This is done by rotating the flange 7 arranged ribs 9 characterized in a predeterminable manner causes the ribs 9 the molded contour of the flange 7 when cooling in one direction pulls. Alternatively, this feature can be provided by constructive measures in the contour of the container geometry. When screwing the two components or in the present case two container half shells 1 becomes the contour of the respective flanges 7 deformed into the horizontal parting plane and a tensile stress on the outer support shell or outer jacket 6 produced in the range of flange connection, not shown. Under internal pressure load deforms the respective cylindrical portion 3 the container half-shells 1 barrel-shaped, causing in the area of the flange 7 in sum, a local reduction of the component stresses caused by the screw connection is effected.

A radius R _f in the direct transition of Wall of the cylindrical area 3 in the flange 7 is sized with about 2 to about 8 mm, including the function of the ribs 9 the embodiment according to 1 for tilting the flange 7 to support an angle α. However, the primary function of the radius R _f is to reduce the notch effect in this transition region.

Kunststoffdruckguss- and plastic injection molding process allow a more versatile and economical processing of thermoplastics than known in the prior art manufacturing processes for fluid pressure vessels, especially thermoplastics are processed by injection molding comparatively simple and inexpensive and plastic typical rational production process even with a compared to the prior art geometric design scope can be used. Examples of a now achievable, substantially increased functional integration density will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments of half-shells 1 to be described in detail.

Bushings, openings or other interruptions of the complete structure of a pressure vessel are problematic in the past to a permanent reliability, as they inevitably lead to higher component stresses and thus material stresses due to the geometry changes and deviations from an ideal pressure form. An embodiment for the design of radiator ducts on a hot water pressure vessel is in a plan view in 2a and an associated sectional view in the plane AA in 2 B played. Accordingly, radiator penetrations are characterized 18 in a half shell 1 through openings that are kept as small as possible and in the area of the outer shell 6 also smaller than in the area of the inner mantle 5 are formed. These openings of the bushings 18 are also a respective output pressure optimized contour of the half shell 1 adapted trained. Around the passage openings 18 In particular, to keep as small as possible for radiator, several individual openings for each tube and / or sensor or measuring sensor of an electric heater are provided. In the present case, according to 2a three openings 18 provided, wherein two can be used for the connections of the heating element and one for temperature sensors, etc. Between the bushings 18 are in the in 15a shown, web-like reinforcements 19 in the outer jacket 6 intended for more even distribution of internal component voltages. According to the presentation of the 3a and the associated sectional view in the plane BB of 3a in 3b are on the container inner wall side V in the area of the bushings 18 sealing areas 20 provided in the material of the inner layer 5 be formed. These bushings are also in the range of sealing areas 20 over footbridges 21 in the material of the inner layer 5 connected with each other. Between the bushings 18 So are on both lateral surfaces stiffening webs 19 . 21 provided, this area just in a rough Be rich the hard shell 1 reinforce with regard to occurring bending stresses. The outer geometry of the two externally arranged bushings 18 is adapted to the actual container geometry, with the outer geometry of the middle implementation 18 Run rectilinear to create a contact surface for a screw.

As an alternative to the in 2a , Federation 3a Radiator leadthrough shown in FIG 4 a sectional view through the range of a Heizflansches a hot water pressure vessel with partial hint of an electric heater and temperature monitoring and protection devices in a sectional view. In place of a penetration of individual elements through bushings 18 each with separate sealing areas 20 is now in the spherical container area 2 the half shell 1 a circular opening 22 intended. In an area near the opening 22 is an overmolded flange ring 23 intended. The flange ring 23 surrounds the opening 22 and is with the inliner material of the inner layer 5 overmoulded so that the flange ring 23 can not get in contact with the hot water located in the interior V. The opening 22 comes with the flange plate 25 closed with a pressure plate 24 on the flange ring 23 over bolt 27 connected is. For positioning and fixing the flange plate 25 are at the flange ring 23 towards the free outside oriented bolt 27 provided on the flange ring 23 Thus, this embodiment offers the advantage of prefabrication of a complete electrical assembly, the sealing fixed in the flange and tested separately as a solid unit in the hot water pressure vessel or based on the 4 and 5 described half shell 1 is attached by releasable fixation sealing. For a hot water pressure vessel with a diameter of approx. 200 mm in the area of the flanges 7 is in 4 an exemplary dimension reproduced in excerpts.

The flange ring 23 has a circumferential groove 23a or recess, which fills the liner material during encapsulation. The printing plate 24 holds the inliner material in the mounted state in the groove 23a of the flange ring 23 in position. The depth of the groove 23a is in the exemplary embodiment about 0.3 mm, so that the flange is not weakened too much. For a deeper depression is the parenthesis between flange ring 23 and the inliner material improved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the outer layer 6 over the flange ring 23 guided and fastened by means of screw eyes or fastening straps. The bolts 27 are plugged by screw holes or mounting tabs, not shown, whereby the outer layer fixed to the flange 23 connected is. The outer layer is advantageously between the flange 23 and the printing plate 24 , To the outer skin 6 To avoid damaging them are put around the bolt sleeves, so that no tension forces on the outer skin 6 act and the clamping forces of the actual screw be maintained. This will cause a flow of the material of the outer skin 6 avoided.

In a half shell 1 In addition, feed-in and outlet feed-throughs continue to be arranged in a rim area, whereby the corresponding feedthroughs are integrated by gentle integration into the pressure-optimized initial geometry using generous radius transitions while largely avoiding ribbing. Although bushings continue to be weakenings within a pressure vessel, but it is dispensed with a stiffening of such areas with the aim of a mechanically softer execution, so that the plastic material of the half shell gets the opportunity to reduce the external loads internally by a permissible deformation. A special geometry for a hot water outlet pipe 28 is in the perspective sectional view of 6 as a section of a brim area of the half shell 1 shown. From the container interior V from runs from the material of the inner shell 5 formed inner tube 29 through the actual wall of the half shell 1 through and goes essentially steadily into a terminal end 30 the outlet pipe 28 about, which is now constructed in two layers, in which the material of the inner shell 5 as an inner lining to the outside of the plastic material of the outer shell 6 is enclosed. The outer support contour of the passage or the outlet pipe 28 from the material of the outer jacket 5 is provided in a manner not shown for the attachment of water connection elements, for example with a connection external thread, a snap or locking geometry. The inner contour can protrude slightly in an advantageous manner or the outer contour can be formed outstanding so that this area is already prepared adapted for sealing by means of a flat gasket or to adapt to a different sealing geometry using O-rings. The picture sequence of the 7a to 7c shows an outside and two inside views of the outlet pipe 28 from 6 ,

A particular embodiment of a half-shell 1 has according to the perspective sectional view of 8th an even more special geometry in the container interior. Here is a special inlet geometry of an inlet pipe 31 illustrated for cold water inside the container as a flow brake with a baffle plate 32 is provided. The in perspective plan views of the interior V of the half-shell 1 still in the pictures of 9b and 9c illustrated inlet geometry with baffle plate 32 is advantageously without the use of slides and / or undercuts in the mold in the manufacture of the inner shell 5 to demould. It applies to a free outer terminal end 33 of the inlet pipe 31 the above to the terminal end 30 of the hot water outlet pipe 28 Said accordingly.

9 shows a perspective view of a complete inner shell 5 a half shell 1 with a heating flange according to the illustrations of 2a and 2 B , an outlet pipe according to 6 and an inlet pipe according to 8th in an external view, specifying special container radii for a hot water pressure vessel with about 10 l capacity with a flange outer diameter D of about 200 mm. In the Anspritzbereich 4 the half shell 1 has the spherical container area 2 a radius R ₁ of about 150 mm. This radius R ₁ is adjustable between the limits R _1min half flange diameter D to R _1max = D. For the remaining surface of the spherical container area 2 a radius R ₂ of 70 mm is selected. This second radius R ₂ is chosen to be approximately half the value of the radius R ₁ , so that R ₂ can be determined to be approximately 1/3 of the container diameter D. For a given container diameter D arise due to the tangential condition at the transitions of the regions of different radii of curvature respectively in the selection of R ₁ corresponding to R ₂ and vice versa. In the transition area to an outlet pipe 28 or an inlet pipe 31 is a radius R ₃ of about 12.5 mm provided. This third radius R ₃ is determined to be approximately 1/6 of R ₂ and ranges within the limits of R _3min = 0.1 * R ₂ to R _3max = 0.5 * R ₂ .

On the inner side of the container, the inner radii r ^# are obtained taking into account the component wall thickness and the radii of the container outside. Already due to the wall thickness of the inner shell 5 of about 2.5 mm and the outer sheath, not shown 6 of about 5 mm arise for on the Behinnen trough side of a half-shell 1 radii to be used correspond to deviating values. As shown in the picture of 10 is on the inside of the container Anspritzbereiches 4 of the inner jacket 5 a radius r ₁ ^# of 147.5 mm is set, followed by an area with r ₂ ^# of 67.5 mm. In the area of the flow brake 32 of cold water ser-inlet tube 31 and the hot water inner pipe 29 the water outlet 28 a transition radius r ₃ ^# of 15 mm is provided, which merges in a radius r ₄ of 1 mm for the direct connection of corresponding geometries. Thus, the connection of geometries, such as the flow braking or a piece of pipe, to a radius r ₃ ^# with a comparatively small radius, which complies with current design recommendations for plastics and accordingly about r _4min = 0.25 mm to about r _4max = 7.5 mm.

In an alternative manufacturing process, one is compared to 1 production method described emphasis on a dimensionally accurate production of serving as a support shell outer layer 6 the half shell 1 Added value. For this purpose, in the manufacture of the outer jacket 6 a chemical or physical blowing agent is added to the heated plastic material. This reduces shrinkage and distortion during the injection molding process. Thus, a more controllable fit with respect to the inliner to be enclosed inner jacket 5 at reducing the risk of gap formation and residual stresses possible. Foamed structures also reduce the toughness behavior of the outer shell material and the susceptibility to crack formation, since the pores act as crack stoppers and thus increase the performance limits of a correspondingly formed outer shell 6 and its entire life can be achieved.

The shrinking technique described above can be used with, but also without the use of chemical or physical blowing agents in any number of layers and / or superposed and nested components. In particular, a combination with a conventional multi-component technology is possible. So can an outer layer 6 In particular, shrunk onto a closed hollow body formed in the form of a closed body or of two half-shells, and also seams or other connection points of the already closed inliner or more inliners are also enclosed or can be encapsulated in this step.

In an alternative method, the support jacket or outer jacket 6 manufactured as a preform, so the inliner or inner jacket 5 in the support jacket 6 be injected. Due to the processing shrinkage, a gap would normally form between these two components and / or a high stress would be created in a boundary layer between the two different plastic materials. To avoid this and to enable a dual production compared to the manufacturing method described above, the inliner 5 processed with chemical and / or physical blowing agents in the heated plastic mass to minimize the fading. A surface would be created by the inclusion of blowing agents in the liner 5 but then have a partially porous structure. Therefore, in this case, it is preferable to use gas back pressure or Mucell processes with gas back pressure. This will be on the surface of the liner 5 Even without the use of another prefabricated inliner shell or inner layer creates a defined smooth and closed surface. A lower mechanical and physical interaction by friction, etc. with the support shell 6 As well as a defined area to the fluid medium below LESS attack surfaces for the storage of diffusion or crack formation in the area of the inliner 5 , By foamed structures will turn, now on the side of the liner 5 , which improves toughness behavior and thus reduces the susceptibility to cracking, as pores in turn act as a crack stop and thus to increase performance limits and durability. Thus, a total of extension known methods and components, a combination of different components in the manner of a sandwich structure for the support shell 6 be realized. Accordingly, a support container could 6 be made by spraying. The prefabricated container glass fibers can be placed in a winding technique and solidified for example by epoxy resin. This structure could in turn be used as an inliner and finally overmolded with an outer structure and / or enclosed by shrinkage.

In the above, in particular, with reference to the figures of the 1 mechanically very highly stressed component areas described. In a further development of the invention as a new embodiment in the range of screw eyes or other force introduction areas of plastic components alternatively selectively porous and thus crack-susceptible deformable, mechanically as softer than the starting material to be considered areas introduced to the force introduction into the component evenly and without voltage increases or to be achieved with compensation of otherwise occurring stress concentrations. With partially introduced into a component in the aforementioned areas - in particular by injection techniques - introduced internal gas pressure or propellant such deformable areas to improve the overall properties of a hot water pressure vessel can be realized. In question come to this gas and water injection techniques and / or the injection of other types of plastics in the so-called hot soul of a preform ring.

Claims (18)

Container for receiving and / or conducting hot water in a water heater, which has an inner sheath made of plastic and an outer sheath made of plastic, wherein the inner sheath is designed to receive or conduct the hot water and the outer sheath supports the inner sheath, characterized in that the inner sheath ( 5 ) and / or the outer jacket ( 6 ) are fixed by internal strains of the respective plastics using at least one dimensional change occurring in the course of an injection molding or die casting manufacturing process gap-free, wherein openings and / or feedthroughs for inlet and outlet pipes ( 28 . 31 ) as well as radiator bushings ( 18 ) or flanges ( 23 ) are integrated with gentle integration into a selected initial geometry of the component using generously dimensioned radii or radius transitions in mechanically soft areas, and that the inner shell ( 5 ) at least one first plastic of the group of polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP or polybutene PB-1 and / or the outer shell ( 6 ) consists of at least one second plastic of the group consisting of a polyamide PA, in particular fiber-reinforced polyamide PA, polyphenylene oxide PPO, polyphenylsulfide PPS or polyphthalamide PPA. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner shell ( 5 ) and the outer jacket ( 6 ) with in each case at least one layer of thermoplastic materials are products of an injection molding or diecasting process, in particular of a multicomponent injection molding process with corresponding utilization of a shrinkage or an inverse shrinkage of the inner jacket ( 5 ) and / or outer jacket ( 6 ). Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in mechanically highly stressed areas, in particular of the outer jacket ( 6 ) are integrated by foaming agents or injections foamed structures. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component has a flange ( 7 ) for forming a sealing screw connection with a flange ( 7 ) has a further component. Component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the flange ( 7 ) over ribs ( 9 ) is connected to an outer wall of the component. Component according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the flange ( 7 ) is at least in a radial outer region at an angle (α) with respect to the normal to the central axis (M) standing plane. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flange ( 7 ) is connected via a transition with a radius (R _f ) of about 2 to about 8 mm with an outer wall of the component, preferably with a radius (R _f ) of about 5 mm. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that to a half-shell ( 1 ) in a Anspritzbereich ( 4 ) a spherical container area 2 is formed, wherein the inner shell ( 5 ) at a flange diameter (D) of about 200 mm on the outside in the Anspritzbereich ( 4 ) has a first radius (R ₁ ) of about 150 mm and the first radius (R ₁ ) passes under the condition of tangential continuity into a second radius (R ₂ ) which is approximately half the size of the first radius (R ₁ ) is. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at an outside flange diameter (D) of about 200 mm on the inside of the container inner radii (r _i ^# ) taking into account the component wall thickness and the radii (R _j ) of the container outside and below Consideration of the wall thickness of the inner shell ( 5 ) of about 2.5 mm and the outer shell ( 6 ) of about 5 mm. Component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that on the container inner side of the Anspritzbereiches ( 4 ) of the inner jacket ( 5 ) a first inner radius (r ₁ ^# ) of about 147.5 mm and then steadily thereafter a range with a second inner radius (r ₂ ^# ) of about 67.5 mm is set. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that passages for inlet and outlet pipes ( 28 . 31 ) as well as radiator bushings ( 18 ) with gentle integration into a selected initial geometry of the component using generously dimensioned radii or radius transitions (r _i , R _j ) are integrated in mechanically soft running areas. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that from a container interior (V) of a from the material of the inner shell ( 5 ) formed inner tube ( 29 ) through the actual wall of the component or the half-shell ( 1 ) passes through and in essence steadily into a terminal end ( 30 ) of an outlet pipe ( 28 ), which is now constructed in two layers by the material of the inner shell ( 5 ) as an inner lining to the outside of the plastic material of the outer shell ( 6 ) is enclosed. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the component an inlet pipe ( 31 ) is provided for cold water, which has a flow brake in the container interior, which in the form of a substantially orthogonal to the central axis of the inlet pipe ( 31 ) and made of material of the inner shell ( 5 ) existing baffle plate ( 32 ) is trained. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that surrounding areas of openings or passages ( 28 . 22 . 28 . 31 ) over radii (r _i ^# , R _j ) with contour-shaped stiffening webs ( 19 ) in the region of the outer shell ( 6 ) and with geometry adjustment with respect to the inner shell ( 5 ) are connected and in particular interconnected. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a transition region to an outlet pipe ( 28 ) or an inlet pipe ( 31 ) a third radius (R ₃ ) of about 12.5 mm is provided, which is dimensioned as about 1/6 of the second radius (R ₂ ). Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of the flow brake ( 32 ) of the cold water inlet pipe ( 31 ) and the hot water inner tube ( 29 ) of the water outlet ( 28 ) a transition radius (r ₃ ^# ) of 15 mm is provided, which merges into a radius (r ₄ ) of about 1 mm for direct connection of corresponding geometries. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness of the inner shell ( 5 ) about 2.5 mm and the outer shell ( 6 ) is about 5 mm. Method for producing a container having at least one connection for receiving and / or conducting a fluid medium, the inner jacket of which is produced by a plastic injection molding or die-casting production method and an outer jacket in the course of an injection molding or die-casting production method, wherein the inner jacket is designed for receiving or conducting a fluid, and the outer jacket supports the inner jacket, comprising the method step that the inner jacket is inserted into the outer jacket and both by internal bracing of the respective plastics using at least one in the course of an injection molding or -Druckguß manufacturing process occurring dimension change are fixed without gaps in each other, wherein openings and / or feedthroughs for inlet and outlet pipes ( 28 . 31 ) as well as radiator bushings ( 18 ) or Heizflansche are each attached to the inner shell and / or outer shell in the injection molding or -Druckguß manufacturing process and are formed with gentle integration into the selected geometry of the component during injection molding using generously measured radii or radii transitions in mechanically soft running areas.