DE102004025957A1 - Nodes for connecting rods of a tensile structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Shown is a node for connecting a plurality of bars of a tensile structure, said node having the shape of a star with a plurality of arranged in a plane arms (2) and an arm each have two substantially planar side surfaces (3) and a tensile structure and corresponding seals. One of the two side surfaces of a first arm of the node includes with the plane of the node at a different angle than the other side surface of the first arm and / or as one of the two side surfaces of another arm. Since there is a significant rotation of the profile of the rod relative to the nodal plane, but also the other incoming rods especially at irregular curved structures at least at one end of a rod, a proper connection is only guaranteed by the fact that the side walls of the two arms, between the the end of the rod is inserted, are inclined according to this rotation. DOLLAR A The sealing element for sealing the knot and the rods attached thereto has a central region which can cover at least the region of the intersection of the rods, and at least one with this central region by at least one material fold, such as a bellows connected boom.

Description

The The invention relates to a node for connecting a plurality of bars of a Space truss according to the generic term of claim 1 and a corresponding surface structure and a sealing element and a sealing system for sealing a tensile structure and a tensile structure with covering. The surface structures are usually provided with a roofing, so that roofs or Facades can be formed.

According to the Japanese patent JP 4343943 From 30.11.1992 it is known to connect several rods together in a plane using a node element. However, this type of connection with a node element, which defines the same spatial position with respect to the node for each bar to be connected, does not offer the possibility of laminar structures with curved, in particular irregularly curved shape or curvature changing shape (such as a shape of several waves) manufacture.

A The object of the invention is therefore to provide a node with which areal Structures with irregularly curved shape can be produced.

The The object is achieved by a node according to claim 1. at irregularly curved flat structures can the individual bars due the curvature the surface to be formed not lie in or parallel to the nodal plane, but with this include an angle. In addition, must for the Covering, usually made of flat elements (glass, plastic, Metal, ...), formed by a plurality of bars a flat bearing surface become. Therefore have to The bars often around your longitudinal axis be twisted and serving as a support surface top of the Bars (the in a plane tensile structure parallel to the nodal plane) is relative to the Nodal plane twisted.

Around nevertheless the proper connection of the bars to ensure the knot in the correct orientation When calculating the geometry of the surface structure, the spatial Location of each element of the roofing intended. Then the surface normals become the roofing elements adjacent to a node are determined and from this the mean vector is calculated. This gives the spatial Location of the node in front. The position of the bars now follows from the Location of the nodes, with the bars so around its longitudinal axis be turned, that the roofing elements just on the adjacent rods (or the documents arranged thereon).

There especially with irregularly curved structures at least at one end of a rod to a considerable twist of the profile of the bar opposite the node level but also the other arriving bars will a proper connection only guaranteed that the side walls the two arms, between which the end of the rod is inserted, are inclined according to this rotation.

The The arms of the knot are necessary because the rods go through the rotation along the longitudinal axis and the different protuberances from the node level in the Usually have different distances from each other and therefore can not be welded together directly.

There the twisting usually for every wand connecting at a particular node varies will be, the task can be solved only if the individual Side surfaces of the Arms of the knot according to the different bars to connect different pitches exhibit.

Usually is the deviation from 90 ° to Node level not more than 10 °, is however from the curvature of the surface structure and the length of the bars dependent. The deviations are according to experience about between 2 ° and 10 °. The two faces of an arm are usually parallel to each other for the sake of simplicity But it is also conceivable that these are not executed in parallel.

One inventive node is easy produce, if the arms both a common level upper than also form a common flat bottom of the node, where Upper and lower sides are parallel to each other. About, by the node made from a thick sheet, so that top and bottom of the thick sheet forming the top and bottom of the knot. To It is preferable to use steelworking equipment that has an electronic controlled firing, laser or water jet, in all Directions can be swiveled.

A Another embodiment of the invention provides that the node in Intersection of the arms at the top with a cylindrical spike for fixing rods having. Thereby can the ends of the tops of the bars welded to the knot and thus the upper belt forces of the bars properly transmitted become. It can Other elements of the roof or the facade of this thorn be attached: so can Sealing form-fitting be placed on this thorn.

Of the Mandrel is useful cylindrical and normal to the nodal plane, approximately in the form of a Round steel, but can also be performed as needed as a square.

One inventive surface structure from rods and node has at least one node according to the invention.

there is provided that each one bar between two adjacent Poor of the knot is inserted. This one can be at his ends correspondingly cut rod with its side walls the side walls the arms of the knot according to the inclination of the side walls of the Fit knots and weld.

Suitable therefor are bars with a closed profile, such as substantially square or rectangular cross-section (box profile), but also bars with open Profile, such as U, C, I, T or angular profiles or combinations hereof. rods with a round profile also be used, however, the fitting and welding to the Poor the knot not so well possible as with profiles with straight cross-section parts.

If the end of the rod resting against the knot is cut so that the rod in its upper part on the top formed by the arms of the knot, this has the advantage that a relatively flat surface which is to be arranged between rod and roofing Seal over the entire surface supported.

If the end of the rod adjacent to the node is additionally or alternatively cut in such a way that that the underside of the bar on the side walls of the arms between upper and bottom of the node rests, this has the advantage that the rods there through a simple welding process can be connected to the node.

Furthermore, can be provided that the top of the rod has a recess which has to be connected of the rod at the node, in particular on the mandrel of the node suitable is.

The Characteristic that the rods adjacent to the node at their top each are welded to the adjacent tops of the bars, has the advantage that - like already mentioned - a continuous Auflagerung for created the roofing or the seal to be arranged therebetween becomes.

The Characteristic that the adjacent to the node bars on their underside respectively with the adjacent side surfaces welded the node have the advantage that also at the bottom of the rod one frictional Connection with the arms of the knot is formed.

Finally includes the invention a sealing element for sealing a node according to the invention and the rods attached to it in the area of the knot in a tensile structure: this one has central area that covers at least the area of the intersection covering the arms of the knot, and at least one with this central Area by at least one material fold, such as a bellows, connected boom for covering a rod attached to the node.

There the individual bars adjoining a node have different spatial Orientation regarding of the node, especially opposite the nodal plane can be inclined and twisted, the concern of the Seal at the intersection of knot's arms on the one hand and on the individual bars on the other hand ensured by a material fold: in the plane the sealing element, the boom up or down, after pivoted left or right and twisted about the longitudinal axis of the boom without affecting the sealing function.

The Seal is advantageously made of elastic material, in particular made of silicone rubber or other elastic sealants, which can be connected by means of chemical crosslinking made.

A execution option is to make the seal of a substantially polygonal, central, essentially flat Area that turns outward in several jibs, the number of pages of the central area corresponds to and near the central area in a longitudinal section each one on one side of the polygonal adjoining material fold, such as a Bellows, perform.

The Cantilevers have the shape of a U-profile, wherein the legs of the U are oriented so that they point away from the rod when installed. This can the boom of sealing profiles, which are placed along the bar, at least in a longitudinal section surrounded and with this liquid and vapor-tight.

The sealing system according to the invention for sealing a tensile structure, which consists of knots and rods attached to this, is characterized by the fact that at least one node, a sealing element according to the invention is placed, that along the adjoining this node rods sealing profiles are placed with the associated Boom of the Dichtungsele overlap ments and the profile of the boom for steam sealing are adapted so that it encloses this form-fitting manner.

In addition, can the transition between the boom and the sealing profile with a sealant, such as silicone or with a chemically crosslinkable with the sealing profile Sealant to be sealed.

The The function of the sealing system is to cover the entire roof or to seal the entire façade so that there is no water due to the roofing and no steam from the outside can get inside and vice versa. This is due to the overlap allows the sealing element with the sealing profiles. The sealing element lies under the sealing profiles like a protective "stopped hand" on the knot, the sealing profiles also run over the Node or the sealing element on, which over a Node converging, the individual bars associated sealing profiles be connected to each other vapor-tight. It creates an endless connected joint network, which forms a drainage layer.

Furthermore, Fulfills the sealing system the task, tolerances of the surface structure balance, such as steps between adjacent bars in the area of the knot, as well as angle differences, thus approximately opposite to the Nodal plane inclined rods. The sealing system also has a balancing effect due to its elasticity at expansions of the surface structure.

The structure according to the invention, that already aligned according to the location of Eindeckelemente is, makes a secondary or intermediate construction between roofing and structure superfluous, the Elements of the roofing can be laid directly on the sealing system resting on the supporting structure. This means, an inventive structure with covering only consists of rods and nodes according to the invention built-up tensile structure, on its knot and bars without intermediate construction seals are applied. These seals can both an inventive sealing system can form, it can but other seals are used. On these seals are then directly the elements of the roofing, such as glass plates, placed and fastened accordingly.

The Invention leaves not only with the knot described realize, but can also be general on a tensile structure be applied with roofing, wherein the tensile structure of each other connected rods consists of and the tensile structure formed area repeatedly changes the curvature and the covering consists of elements whose edges form a flat support surface. It is only necessary to provide that the elements of the covering over seals on the bars of the surface structure rest and the rods aligned relative to the overlying elements of the roofing are that the bars a preferably level bearing surface for the Form elements.

Point The bars about a flat top, so is the rod along its longitudinal axis to twist so that the flat top with the bearing surface of two overlying elements of the covering, which are not usually lie in a plane, enclose an approximately equal angle. Of the Angle between the elements and the rod is through the intervening arranged seal balanced.

The Elements of roofing need not be even as such but may also be e.g. a dome they have to educate only at the edges level bearing surface form, with which they form-fitting can be placed on the seals.

The invention is based on the connected 1 to 10 which illustrate the invention by way of example explained. It shows

1 a node in side view with visible and invisible contours,

2 a node in side view with visible contours,

3 Cross sections of the arms of a knot according to 4

4 a node in plan view with visible and invisible contours,

5 a node with connected rods,

6 a node with bars not yet connected,

7 a tensile structure of nodes and rods,

8th a sealing element for a node in plan view,

9 a sealing element for a node in side view from above (top view) and from below (bottom view).

10 the cross section of a cantilever of a sealing element and a sealing profile.

In 1 is a knot with six arms 2 represented, with the visible contours are shown by solid lines and the invisible contours by dashed lines. The knot is cut out of a metal sheet, the thickness of which results from the dimensions of the adjoining rods, so that a straight flat top 4 of the knot and a flat bottom is formed, which are parallel to each other. Every arm 2 has two flat side surfaces 3 , At least one arm 2 closes one of the side surfaces 3 with the top or bottom of the node an angle not equal to 90 °, namely an angle of more or less than 90 °.

At the intersection of the arms of the knot is a cylindrical spike 5 arranged, which is basically welded.

In 2 the same node is only shown with visible contours.

In 4 the same node is shown with invisible (dashed) and visible (solid) contours in plan view. To illustrate the tilting of individual side surfaces of the arms of the knot, were in 3 the sections aa and bb corresponding cross sections of two arms 2 of the node.

In the 3 in the sections shown side surfaces 3 The arms are inclined at about 3 ° to the vertical, but in opposite directions. This is due to the rotation of the rods to each other.

in the 5 is a part of the finished structure shown where single straight bars 6 are connected with box profile at a node, of which only the cylindrical mandrel 5 and single ends of the arms 2 you can see. Here are the individual bars 6 between two adjacent arms 2 of the knot. The longitudinal axes of the bars 6 are shown in phantom.

In 6 are the corresponding parts off 5 shown in the disconnected state. That at the node 1 adjoining end of the rod 6 is each tailored so that the rod rests in its upper region locally (for example by means of a nose in the side surface of the rod) on the upper side of the knot formed by the arms. Or it is generally arranged so that a continuous Auflagerung the roofing elements is guaranteed.

The underside of the bar 6 then lies on the side walls of the arms of the node between the top and bottom of the knot, so is in the attached state above the bottom of the knot 1 ,

The top of the bars 6 has a circular arc-shaped recess 10 on, the shell contour of the cylindrical mandrel 5 of the node 1 equivalent.

The at the node 1 adjacent bars 6 become at the lateral oblique end edges 11 their upper side respectively with the adjacent lateral end edges 11 the tops of the bars 6 welded. The lateral oblique end edges 12 the bottom of the bars 6 be with the adjacent side surfaces 3 the poor 2 of the node 1 welded.

The end edges 13 The side surfaces of the bars are also welded to the side surfaces of the arms of the knot, the short surface 13a , which rests on the knot, with the top of the knot and the short surface 13b with the short surface 13b of the neighboring staff 6 ,

The recesses 10 are welded to the top of the rods with the cylindrical extension.

The in the 1 - 6 shown six-armed knot is designed so that the six angles between the arms about 67.5 °, 67.5 °, 45 °, 67.5 °, 67.5 °, and 45 °. This results from the parent framework network (corresponding to the angles between the rods of 90 °, 45 °, 45 °, 90 °, 45 ° and 45 °), which can of course also be arranged arbitrarily different; eg 6 times approx. 60 °.

The poor 2 of the knot are unevenly long in different directions, because an arm must be at least as long that the end edges 13 the side surfaces abut the arm and can be welded to it. Therefore, the smaller the angle of the bevel of the rod with respect to its longitudinal direction, the longer the arms have to be.

The bevel at the ends of the arms results geometrically from the cut edges of the twisted rods.

In 7 is shown a structure in which the angles between the arms 2 the node according to the invention 1 As stated above 67.5 ° or 45 °. This structure has an average bar length of 2.0 or 3.0 m, wherein at radii of curvature of the surface of the structure of about 18 m, a frequency of deviation of the arms of the nodes to the normal of the nodal plane of about 5 ° sets. The extreme value for the above geometry is approx. 15 °.

That in the 8th and 9 shown sealing element is for a node from the 1 - 6 determined, at which the six angles between the arms about 67.5 °, 67.5 °, 45 °, 67.5 °, 67.5 °, and 45 °. Accordingly, the seal has a central surface area adapted to the shape of the knot 7 on, resulting in six outliers 9 which shows the course of the rods connected to the node 6 follow so that the seals in the installed state with the central area cover the intersection of the arms of the node with the rods attached thereto and with the arms 9 the top of the bars 6 ,

In order to make it easier to position the seals in the correct position, they are located in the middle of the central area 7 a bulge 14 on the cylindrical mandrel 5 can be placed on the node, or can be pierced if above the roofing elements still diverse fixtures such as snow fences, cleaning equipment, electrical wiring, lighting fixtures, lightning protection devices, etc. are to be arranged.

The outriggers 9 have the shape of a U-profile, with the opening of the profile from the top of the bars 6 is turned away, thus the U-profile in the assembled state with the middle part on the rod 6 rests and shows the opening of the U-profile upwards.

The central area 7 definitely has to be so big that it has the bevelled ends of the rods 6 covered and one the part 14 circulating water supply and drainage ensured in all directions.

The length of the arms 9 should be chosen such that there is sufficient overlap at the joint between the sealing element ( 8th and 9 ) and sealing profile 15 ( 10 ) is ensured.

The Seal is basically only hung up, if necessary d. H. glued on at large inclinations of the rods.

In 10 are in the left part below the cross section of a cantilever 9 a sealing element and top left the cross section of a sealing profile 15 , along the bars 6 is hung up. In the right part of the 10 is the sealing profile 15 already on the boom 9 put on so that cantilever 9 and sealing profile 15 overlap.

The sealing profile 15 has in this example a width of about 91 mm (assuming a mold tube width of 100 mm) and a height of about 75 mm. The width is chosen so that the lower ends of the sealing profile 15 embrace the top of the bar. The boom has a height of about 25 mm and a width of about 79 mm.

The cover elements are on the lower sealing lips 16 applied, with the upper sealing lip 17 then closes the rebate space between the roofing elements upwards and at the same time represents the base for the outwardly directed sealing joint. In the area of the node becomes the sealing profile 15 bevelled in the longitudinal direction according to the geometry of the framework, the individual converging sealing profiles 15 are connected to each other vapor and waterproof, so that a circumferential and tight bearing of the roofing elements is ensured.

The Invention can not only on surface structures applied, which is formed from a level of bars (single-shell Bar structure), but also on flat structures with several Levels of bars, such as the upper belt plane of a space structure.

1

node

2

poor of the node

3

Side surface of a Armes

4

top of the node

5

cylindrical extension

6

Rod

7

centrally Area

8th

bellow

9

boom

10

recess

11

lateral slope End edge of the top of the carrier

12

lateral slope End edge of the underside of the carrier

13

end edge the side surface of the carrier

14

bulge

15

weatherstrip

16

lower sealing lips

17

upper sealing lips

Claims (22)

Node ( 1 ) for connecting a plurality of bars of a surface structure, wherein the node in the form of a star with a plurality of arranged in a plane arms ( 2 ) and one arm each have two substantially flat side surfaces ( 3 ), characterized in that one of the two side surfaces of a first arm with the plane of the knot includes a different angle than the other side surface of the first arm and / or as one of the two side surface of another arm. Node according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the side surfaces of an arm with the plane of the knot deviating from 90 ° Includes angle. Node according to claim 2, characterized in that the deviation from 90 ° to to 15 °, in particular between 2 ° and 10 °, is. Node according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the arms ( 2 ) both a common flat top ( 4 ) as well as a common flat bottom of the node ( 1 ), wherein top and bottom are parallel to each other. Node according to claim 4, characterized in that the node ( 1 ) is made out of a thick sheet, so that the top and bottom of the thick sheet form the top and bottom of the knot. Node according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the node ( 1 ) at the intersection of the arms ( 2 ) at the top of a, in particular cylindrical, mandrel ( 5 ) for fixing rods. Tensile structure, which bars and node, characterized in that it has at least one Node according to one of the claims 1 to 6. Tensile structure according to claim 7, characterized in that in each case a rod ( 6 ) between two adjacent arms ( 2 ) of the node ( 1 ) is inserted. Tensile structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the rod ( 6 ) Has a closed profile, in particular a box section, and / or a profile with each other at right angles arranged profile parts. Tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at the node ( 1 ) adjacent end of the rod ( 6 ) is cut so that the rod in its upper part on the through the arms ( 2 ) formed top ( 4 ) of the node rests. Tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at the node ( 1 ) adjacent end of the rod ( 6 ) is cut so that the underside of the rod on the side walls ( 3 ) the poor ( 2 ) between top ( 4 ) and bottom of the node is applied. Tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the upper side of the rod ( 6 ) a recess ( 10 ), which is used for aligning the rod ( 6 ) at the node ( 1 ), in particular on the spine ( 5 ) of the node, is suitable. Tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that at the node ( 1 ) adjacent bars ( 6 ) on its upper side in each case with the adjacent upper sides of the rods ( 6 ) are welded. Tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that at the node ( 1 ) adjacent bars ( 6 ) on its underside in each case with the adjacent side surfaces ( 3 ) of the node are welded. Sealing element for sealing a knot ( 1 ) and the rods attached thereto ( 6 ) in the region of the knot in a tensile structure, in particular in a tensile structure according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the sealing element has a central region ( 7 ), which at least the region of the intersection of the bars ( 6 ), and at least one with this central region by at least one material fold, such as a bellows ( 8th ), associated outriggers ( 9 ) to cover one at the node ( 1 ) attached rod ( 6 ). Sealing element according to claim 15, characterized in that that this is made of elastic material, e.g. Silicone rubber, manufactured is. Sealing element according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that it consists of a polygonal, central, substantially flat area ( 7 ) outward in several arms ( 9 ), the number of which corresponds to the sides of the central surface and the near the central region in a longitudinal section in each case a subsequent to one side of the polygonal material fold, such as a bellows ( 8th ), exhibit. Sealing element according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the arms ( 9 ) have the shape of a U-profile, wherein the legs of the U are oriented so that they point away from the rod in the installed state. Sealing system for sealing a tensile structure consisting of nodes ( 1 ) and attached to these rods ( 6 ), characterized in that at least on a node, a sealing element according to one of claims 15 to 18 is placed, that along the bars adjoining these nodes ( 6 ) Sealing profiles are overlapped, which overlap with the associated armature of the sealing element and the shape of the boom for steam sealing are adapted so that it encloses this form-fitting manner. Sealing system according to claim 19, characterized in that the transition between the boom and sealing profile in addition with a sealing means, such as silicone connected endlessly abgedich tet is. Tensile structure with roofing, characterized in that on a surface structure according to one of the claims 7-14 a sealing system, in particular according to one of claims 19 or 20, is launched and on the sealing system elements of the roofing are hung up. Tensile structure with roofing, in particular according to claim 21, wherein the surface structure of connected rods consists of and the tensile structure formed area repeatedly changes the curvature and the roofing consists of elements whose edges form a plane bearing surface, characterized in that the elements of the covering over seals on the bars of the surface structure rest and the rods relative aligned to the overlying elements of the roofing are that the bars one possible level bearing surface for the Form elements.