DE102004025564B3 - Arrangement of a closure and the propellant and Zündladung enclosing projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a closure (1, 45) and a projectile (13) enclosing the propellant charge (19, 21), which is extended rearwardly by a powder receiving space having a substantially circular cylindrical wall (17 ) of projectile material or projectile casing material, which protrudes to the rear (retracted edge 29), slightly retracted inwardly towards the floor center axis and the launch is in close contact with the shock bottom (3) of the closure (1, 45), characterized in that the closure (1, 45) has an undercut towards the weft direction, centered about the axis of the soul annular groove (5), at the edge of the rear, retracted edge (29) of the projectile (13) is seated during reloading and in the edge (29) at the complete Closing the closure (1, 41) is pressed under deformation so that upon retraction of the closure (1, 45) the projectile (13), as far as it was not previously fired, together with d this is pulled out. Furthermore, the invention relates to a multi-shot weapon according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a magazine (9), characterized in that the magazine is designed as a projectile magazine (9) whose topmost or next nachzuführendes projectile (13) with his Center axis approximately on the extension of the axis of the barrel of the barrel (41), and the closure (1, 45) is provided a thrust plate (3) with a shaft-like extension with a diameter which exceeds the diameter of the shaft.

Description

The The invention relates to an arrangement of a closure and a The propellant and squib enclosing projectile, which after extended rear through a powder-receiving space, which is a cylindrical Wall of projectile material or shell casing material which protrudes to the rear, easily inward to the floor center axis is withdrawn and on firing in close contact with the bump the closure is (preamble of claim 1). Further concerns the invention also a weapon that belongs to this arrangement (claim 4).

These Arrangement is known from US-4,356,769.

In These documents will be used for position labels on projectile and weapon from the horizontally held in the normal stop weapon, with "forward" in the weft direction runs.

cartridges, which are practically only one storey, have been in the middle 19th century known (Volcanic pistol). This shows this Projectile one rear excavation on that with powder and a squib filled and with a brass leaf is covered. The charge burns off while firing and drives the projectile. A cartridge case or the like does not exist. But there still remains the brass leaf, which must be drafted.

Because of the at that time very voluminous black powder charges This concept has not prevailed, but since the middle The eighties of the 19th century are smokeless powders to disposal, which take up considerably less space than black powder. Therefore, the idea of this concept of a caseless cartridge is never quite disappeared.

So will be in the US 4,356,769 a self-propelled projectile proposed, in which the projectile shown by a metal sleeve to the rear (opposite to the weft direction) is extended, which encloses a space in which there are powder charge and ignition. At the rear end of this sheet metal sleeve may be crimped to hold a paper disc, which protects the powder charge from damage. The ignition takes place from the side so that the powder charge can burn from the front to the rear (relative to the weft direction). However, this optimum burning is not required in modern propellant charges, since by use of fast-burning powder within the propellant, which consists of relatively slow-burning powder, virtually any burning behavior can be made from any location of the ignition. By using a solid, non-trickling propellant, the location and formation of these inserts remain stable.

Problematic But it is the necessity that the caseless Cartridge or the projectile with charge very difficult to remove from the cartridge chamber of the rifle, if she / it should not have been shot down once. Lies one of the advantages such caseless Ammunition in that no empty cartridge case ejected at every shot must become, this merit is again more than offset by the need to but for one possibility to take care of the cartridge without firing it back out of the gun to remove.

The Applicant even once a year ago has the cartridge chamber for a caseless Cartridge arranged radially in a rotating circular block, which in a Entladelage could be rotated, in the cartridge chamber across was arranged to run. In this situation, the cartridge could from the Drop camp or eject with a tool.

at extended Shot down the problem is lower, since the charge can not crumble, like it at a behind the floor exposed and not through a sleeve protected Powder charge is the case, because the thin extension of the projectile, the the powder charge surrounds, protects the charge and in turn consists of projectile material, for example Tombak, that is a material that has the strength of the usual Insert material in no way inferior and be detected accordingly by an extractor claw could.

So It was proposed to provide a catch on the closure, which rear, similar an extractor, resiliently engages the projectile and is capable of if necessary, take it off. While but an extractor is always protected from the hot powder gases by the cartridge case, the hook of this embodiment is in direct contact with each shot Contact with the hot powder gases, what about sooner or later leads to burnout of the hook, as well as the firing pins in the second third of the 19th century burned out in prolonged use. This execution with the pull-out hook is thus only for rarely used defense or hunting weapons.

While the main advantage of caseless ammunition is in the cost and weight savings for the cartridge case, difficulties with heat dissipation occur precisely because of the lack of the cartridge case, as it has hitherto been-particularly in self-loading weapons-one of the main tasks of the cartridge case heat from the weapon to transport. While in modern ammunition (with cartridge cases) the risk of "boiling" a shot (ignition by heating the cartridge) in "shooting" weapons (weapons that are ready to fire with a closed lock) is given only after about 100 or more shot in continuous firing and by choosing an appropriate magazine capacity can easily be avoided, is in caseless ammunition in weapons that are suitable for continuous fire, the risk of "decoction" even with a little shot before, so that these weapons, if they have a high number of firing, mandatory as "zuzuschießende" weapons (weapons in which in fire readiness the shutter is open and snaps only at the shot, as is the case with most submachine guns and virtually all machine guns) must be designed.

at extended Shots that enclose the powder charge also have this problem before, because the powder gases, when the projectile has left the "chamber", unhindered this chamber heat up, not the cartridge case.

task The invention is to solve the above problems in a projectile that the Powder charge and ignition contains overcome or at least reduce it.

These Task is according to the invention with the solved at the outset arrangement, at the closure of a to the weft direction having undercut, centered to the axis of the soul ring groove, at whose Edge of the rear, retracted edge of the projectile when reloading seated and in the edge when completely closing the Closure is pressed under deformation so that upon retraction of the closure the Bullet, as far as it was not fired before, moved out together with this is (claim 1). The annular groove is an education that is Although located within the room, which is acted upon by the hot powder gases is connected, but nevertheless with the mass of the impact floor so large area is that heat there flows, even if the gun should be shot in continuous fire. Also the pollution is only marginal, as the sharp-edged, rear end of the powder space of the projectile with each shot of new the ring groove freed.

The Deforming of the rear edge of the projectile in the annular groove of the breech preferably takes place immediately before closing the Closure, if in a Repetier- or single-loader the Lock locked or if in a self-loading weapon, the lock against starts the run. In this case (in the last case) energy of the closure is consumed, which would otherwise force him powerfully against projections and this damage over time could.

It is basically possible, that the ignition takes place laterally from the front, as it is the case at the beginning The state of the art is the case. However, it is preferred that the ignition is central sitting at the rear end of the projectile (claim 2).

there it is particularly preferred that the ignition charge across from the firing pin of the shutter is displaced so far forward, that he This can only reach when the retracted edge of the projectile pressed into the annular groove is (claim 3). So fulfilled the interaction of recessed edge of the projectile and annular groove of the bump a double function: first, it allows you to take off one non-fired projectile, and secondly, it ensures that firing can only take place when the retracted edge in the annular groove pressed is.

A extended cartridge is usually no longer used, but could just as well, if it is not a cartridge failure, again be used because the retracted edge when peeling off the annular groove is widened again so far that it is again pressed into the annular groove, when the projectile is fired should.

One corresponding course of the edges the ring groove supports this pressing in.

Of the Trapped edge is usually plastic in this process deformed, since the Tombak used a relatively soft, ductile Material is. It would be but equally possible to use a hard, resilient material passing through the annular groove is briefly expanded and then invades its undercut. there could the shell of the projectile also longitudinal slots that form individual metal strips that are lighter can be deformed resilient. All these trainings have the characteristic that she at completely closed gun nestle into the annular groove and thereby, of seen in front, sitting in an undercut. Whether this nestling resilient or - preferably - plastic done is basically indifferent.

The invention relates, as noted above, not only to the said arrangement, but also to a mehrschüssige weapon with such an arrangement and a magazine, wherein the magazine is designed as a projectile magazine whose top or next nachzuführendes projectile with its central axis approximately lies on the extension of the axis of the barrel of the barrel, and whose Closure a shock bottom is provided with a shaft-like extension with a diameter which does not exceed the diameter of the projectile (claim 4). The magazine will usually be supplied from below rod magazine, but could also be, for example, a disc magazine or other tracking device that can be formed analog.

unanimously the new floor becomes straightforward and not along tracked a curve, like this conventionally the case is because yes, no empty cartridge case must be ejected, the Reloading obstructed.

The top floor becomes through the shutter to pushed forward and can be straight again, if it should be necessary be pulled out, since the shutter the subsequent floor not yet has moved up to let. The ejection of the solid projectile can, for example by a transversely sprung flap, which passes the floor and at which it is ejected. A manual operation would be possible.

A Particularly simple training is that the magazine the top or next storey to be refilled on the surrounded by the other floors away by a bridge (claim 5). As a result, not only the position of the projectile becomes simple and robust manner set without the bullet through Magazine lips or similar Edges damaged would. If Furthermore the closure in a position is detectable in the after opening the closure a on it firmly molded into the annular groove projectile is located in the area of the bridge (Claim 6), is sufficient a simple, powerful one Extracting the magazine to extract a bullet from the To loosen annular groove. If the bridge just over a part of the length extends the magazine, the projectile can simply break away from the annular groove become and fall behind the removed magazine from the magazine shaft.

The inventive weapon For example, it can be a repeater, or a rifle. However, it has been found to be particularly useful that they have a weapon is fire (claim 7), such as a submachine gun is more common Design type. Here, the risk of decoction is avoided, as each Bullet first is introduced immediately before firing in the chamber. Furthermore, the open closure is in a rest that needs to be released for firing, but also as a rest to release an extended cartridge is used. Therefore, this rest does not have to be specially made become. Finally will with a weapon firing the projectile only for firing in the camp encouraged So not for fire readiness. It must therefore a bullet only in the extremely rare make to be stripped of a failure. Normally, there is no opportunity to undress.

In addition is it is particularly advantageous that then the firing pin is firmly attached to the closure (claim 8). This is completely harmless since the firing pin first come into contact with the primer can when the projectile is on the front end of the cartridge chamber is seated and nachschiebende Lock the as a result, the rear edge of the projectile einform in the annular groove.

at a submachine gun, the pressure of the launcher is much lower than in the case of a rifle. In addition, the molded in the annular groove floor edge a certain seal forth, the outgassing in the first phase reduced pressure build-up. Therefore, if for drainage or shielding the gases escaping to the rear are taken care of, so that the shooter uses them not or not overly Takes note, may at additional activities to dispense with the sealing of the chamber.

If However, the run exceeds a certain length, the outgassing the weft power affect. For this Case provides a development of the invention, that the Projectile Cartridge chamber is extended to the rear, and that the Closure with breech one only slightly smaller diameter than the chamber and the cartridge Renewal, opposite This seal (claim 9). So is for a sufficient seal taken care of, with only the longitudinal the rearward extension the cartridge warehouse for it ensures that the Run back as long as it remains closed, as with a weapon with ground closure through the length the cartridge case guaranteed would.

moreover It is particularly advantageous that the closure in the Area in the extended cartridge chamber penetrates, opposite this has at least one sealing ring (claim 10). moreover can at least one sealing ring through an annular groove on the outside of the closure to be replaced. The ring groove represents a certain Labyrinth effect forth and cleans the rest of the walls of the extension of the chamber of residues of the Powder charges. In addition, a real sealing ring for reliable sealing take care of the back if there is still high pressure in the barrel.

This described weapon differs in handling to some extent from conventional machine guns: so, for example, the magazine can only be inserted or removed when the shutter is cocked. This is insignificant; Thus, for example, a second catch for the inserted magazine can be provided, which holds the magazine when it is not fully inserted and the shutter is in the forward position. After tightening the closure, the complete insertion of the magazine can represent a further security measure, or a spring can cause this insertion and locking in the actual holding branch, so that no further handle is required and the operation largely corresponds to a conventional submachine gun.

Of the The invention will be explained in more detail in an example which shown in the accompanying schematic drawing and in the attached Description is described. In the drawing shows:

1 a section through a part of a submachine gun, with the inventive arrangement of projectile and closure or shock bottom during tracking,

2 a section through another part of the submachine gun, the inventive arrangement of projectile and shock bottom shows immediately at the ignition of the projectile,

3 shows a section through the submachine gun on a smaller scale in fire readiness, with negligible parts omitted for the sake of simplicity,

4 shows a section through the submachine gun shortly after pulling off, when the shutter starts nachzuführen the top floor from the magazine (this representation corresponds approximately to 1 )

5 a section through the submachine gun at the moment of firing shows (this representation corresponds approximately to the 2 )

6 shows a section through the submachine gun immediately after firing, when the shutter starts its backward movement, and

7 a loaded from the submachine gun, loaded magazine shows in which the top floor is cut.

In 1 are parts of a machine gun in about four times magnification and shown in section, with a cylindrical closure 1 , which moves in the representation straight in the direction of the arrow. The closure 1 has a diameter that is slightly smaller than that of a projectile 13 that before the shutter 1 in a magazine 9 is located, is loaded from below by a spring (not shown) and above by a web 11 is prevented from leaving the magazine 9 out fed long. The jetty 11 extends only about half the length of the magazine 9 so that when the magazine is removed ( 7 ) Projectiles 9 from top and back can be tracked to the magazine 9 to fill again. Forward is the magazine 9 provided with an opening through which the top floor 13 from the shutter 1 forward into a "cartridge" warehouse or warehouse 37 ( 2 ) can be pushed.

The projectile 13 has on its outside between the first and second third of its length (seen from the front) a paragraph 15 at the end of the camp 37 ( 2 ) to a corresponding paragraph ( 39 ) can sit up and the exact location of the projectile 13 defined in the weapon. The following, about cylinder jacket-shaped coat 17 extends backwards and becomes in trains and fields of the barrel 41 ( 2 ) pressed during the shot to reach the leadership. The end edge 29 of the coat 17 is retracted, so deformed inward, and forms an end edge 31 ,

The coat 17 enclosed space is largely covered with a propellant charge 19 filled up to the retracted end edge 29 enough. There is a primer in the middle 21 ,

The front surface of the closure 1 will push floor 3 called, which is a total of circular and in the middle of a solid firing pin 5 is trained. This is made by a torus 33 surrounded, which makes a transition to an annular groove 5 forms, outside and behind the torus 33 sits and this inward distinguishes.

The length of the retracted edge 29 corresponds to the distance between the front surface of the annular bead 33 and the rear surface of the annular groove 5 , The outer diameter of the annular bead 33 is a little smaller than the inner diameter of the retracted end of the rim 29 ,

The cylindrical part of the closure 1 otherwise has two circumferential grooves 25 in each case a very hard sealing and scraping ring 23 which scrapes off debris from the extension of the "cartridge" bearing (not shown here). The associated circumferential grooves 25 are larger than the rings to be able to absorb dirt if necessary.

If (after pressing the trigger not shown here) the shutter 1 moved in the direction of the arrow, he invariably penetrates the ring bead 33 in the retracted end of the retracted edge 29 a, whose end edge on the outer edge of the annular groove 5 seated (ring groove 5 and torus 33 are centered on the axis of the soul). At the same time the foremost edge of the annular bead sits 33 on the propellant charge 19 on.

Now the shutter drives 1 the projectile 13 in front of him, under the footbridge 11 of the magazine 9 and through its opening 27 in the extension 35 ( 2 ) of the warehouse 37 until the paragraph 15 of the projectile 13 on the heel 39 of the barrel 41 seated, with the paragraph 39 the warehouse 37 limited to the front. The closure strives 1 because of its force to move even further, this presses the firing pin 7 in the primer 21 and simultaneously presses with the lower edge of the annular groove 5 so towards the end of the retracted edge 29 of the projectile 13 that this is completely in the annular groove 5 deformed into it.

Would now the ignition set 21 fail, the bullet would sit 13 with the deformed end 29 his coat 17 firmly in the annular groove 5 and would be held by its undercut part, so that the projectile 13 when retracting the closure 1 back from the camp 37 and its extension 35 would be pulled out. The projectile 13 could then be removed.

If the primer 21 but ignites, the cloak would 17 forward from the annular groove 5 torn and would with the rest of the projectile 13 the run 41 leave to the front.

A sealing ring 43 occurs shortly before the firing in the extension 35 and seals during the first phase of launching against the then maximum pressure in the bearing 37 from.

The closure 1 is to the rear by a considerably larger (and heavier), circular cylindrical closure body 45 extended, which has a circumferential groove 47 carries, in which a trigger device (not shown) engages. The closure 1 and closure body 45 is thus completely rotationally symmetric and does not need to be held in any position. The interior of the closure body 45 has a rearward open, central bore 49 on, in which a closing spring (not shown) engages.

The closure 1 and closure body 45 are guided in a corresponding chamber of a plastic housing, in which also a barrel holder 51 is injected, in which the run 41 by means of a union nut 53 is held.

3 shows the essential parts of the submachine gun (without trigger) in the tensioned state before the shot. The trigger device holds the shutter 1 . 45i his shown, rear position. The distance between the bumpers 3 and the jetty 11 of the magazine 9 is calculated so that the top of a solid projectile 13 when removing the magazine 9 from the jetty 11 grabbed and from the bump 3 is broken off, so that the missile not fired 13 behind the magazine 9 falls out of the magazine shaft during removal from the weapon.

When peeling the shock bottom takes 3 the projectile 13 ( 4 ), it leads to the camp 37 one where the retracted edge 29 in the undercut ring groove 5 molds ( 5 ). Immediately thereafter is the projectile with propellant charge 19 and ignition 21 out of the barrel 41 ejected while the shutter 1 . 45 begins to accelerate through the recoil and the gas pressure in the opposite direction (backwards) (arrow in 6 ).

7 shows the upper part of a cut magazine 9 , where again the top floor 13 was cut so that propellant charge 19 and ignition 21 are clearly visible.

The weapon is extremely simple and is extremely uncomplicated to manufacture. Nevertheless, (due to the screwed barrel 41 ) the life of the weapon is very high. Thus, it is not only an excellent weapon for military use in peacetime, but also especially for police use.

1

shutter

3

breech

5

ring groove

7

firing pin

9

magazine

11

web

13

Bullet

15

paragraph on the floor

17

coat

19

propellant

21

squib

23

Seals and scraping ring

25

circumferential grooves

27

opening

29

retracted edge

31

end edge

33

torus

35

renewal of the camp

37

camp

39

paragraph at the front end of the camp

41

run

43

sealing ring

45

closure body

47

circumferential groove

49

drilling

51

Pass holders

53

Nut

Claims (10)

Arrangement of a closure ( 1 . 45 ) and one the propellant and ignition charge ( 19 . 21 ) enclosing projectile ( 13 ) which is extended rearwardly through a powder receiving space having a substantially circular cylindrical wall ( 17 ) of projectile material or projectile casing material which projects to the rear (retracted edge 29 ), slightly retracted inwardly toward the floor center axis and at launch in close contact with the thrust floor ( 3 ) of the closure ( 1 . 45 ), characterized in that the closure ( 1 . 45 ) an undercut towards the weft direction, centered about the axis of the soul ( 5 ), at the edge of the rear, retracted edge ( 29 ) of the projectile ( 13 ) is seated during reloading and in the edge ( 29 ) when completely closing the closure ( 1 . 41 ) is pressed under deformation so that upon retraction of the closure ( 1 . 45 ) the projectile ( 13 ), as far as it was not previously fired, is taken off together with this. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition charge ( 21 ) centrally at the rear end of the projectile ( 13 ) sits. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the ignition charge ( 21 ) against the firing pin ( 7 ) of the closure ( 1 . 45 ) is so far forward that he can reach them only when the retracted edge ( 29 ) of the projectile ( 13 ) in the annular groove ( 5 ) is pressed. Multi-shot weapon according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a magazine ( 9 ), characterized in that the magazine as a projectile magazine ( 9 ) is formed, whose uppermost or next to nachzuführendes bullet ( 13 ) with its central axis approximately on the extension of the axis of the barrel of the barrel ( 41 ), and their closure ( 1 . 45 ) a shockbottom ( 3 ) is provided with a shaft-like extension with a diameter of the diameter of the projectile ( 13 ) does not exceed. Weapon according to claim 4, characterized in that the magazine ( 9 ) the top or next storey to be fed ( 13 ) on the other floors ( 13 ) removed side by a bridge ( 11 ) encloses. Weapon according to claim 5, characterized in that the closure ( 1 . 45 ) is detectable in a position in which after opening the closure ( 1 . 45 ) on it firmly in the annular groove ( 5 ) molded bullet ( 13 ) in the area of the bridge ( 11 ) enough. Weapon according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that she is an adventurous weapon. Weapon according to claim 7, characterized in that the firing pin ( 7 ) firmly on the closure ( 1 . 45 ) is attached. Weapon according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the projectile ( 13 ) receiving cartridges ( 37 ) is extended to the rear, and that the closure ( 1 ) with impact floor ( 3 ) has only a slightly smaller diameter than the chamber ( 37 ) and its extension ( 35 ) to seal against this. Weapon according to claim 9, characterized in that the closure ( 1 ) in the area covered by the extension ( 35 ) penetrates, opposite this at least one sealing ring ( 23 . 43 ) having.