DE102004023037B4 - Heat sink with integrated heat pipe - Google Patents
Heat sink with integrated heat pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102004023037B4 DE102004023037B4 DE102004023037A DE102004023037A DE102004023037B4 DE 102004023037 B4 DE102004023037 B4 DE 102004023037B4 DE 102004023037 A DE102004023037 A DE 102004023037A DE 102004023037 A DE102004023037 A DE 102004023037A DE 102004023037 B4 DE102004023037 B4 DE 102004023037B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- channels
- heat
- base plate
- heat sink
- connection end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004883 computer application Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
- H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Kühlkörper mit
integrierter Heatpipe zum Kühlen
elektrischer Komponenten, mit
– einer Basisplatte (10), in
der mehrere Kanäle
(102, 102d, 102e, 102f) nebeneinander angeordnet sind, deren jeweilige
benachbarte Endabschnitte jeweils mittels eines Kanals miteinander
verbunden sind und mittels diesem miteinander kommunizieren,
– zentriert
in den nebeneinander angeordneten Kanälen (102, 102d, 102e, 102f)
angeordneten Kapillarmitteln (12), die aus einem rohrfömigen Element
(120) und mindestens einem Abstandelement (121) bestehen,
– einem
in die Kanäle
(102, 102d, 102e, 102f) gefüllten
wärmeableitenden
Medium (101), das in Abhängigkeit
von der Temperatur seinen Aggregatzustand von flüssig in gasförmig und
umgekehrt ändert,
– Verschlüssen (103),
die die Kanäle
(102, 102d, 102e, 102f) mit dem darin angeordneten Medium (103)
verschließen.Heat sink with integrated heat pipe for cooling electrical components, with
- A base plate (10), in which a plurality of channels (102, 102d, 102e, 102f) are arranged side by side, whose respective adjacent end portions are each connected to each other by means of a channel and communicate with each other,
- Centered in the side-by-side channels (102, 102d, 102e, 102f) arranged capillary means (12) consisting of a rohrfömigen element (120) and at least one spacer element (121),
A heat-dissipating medium (101) filled in the channels (102, 102d, 102e, 102f), which changes its state of aggregation from liquid to gaseous and vice versa as a function of the temperature,
- Closures (103) closing the channels (102, 102d, 102e, 102f) with the medium (103) arranged therein.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kühlkörper mit integrierter Heatpipe, insbesondere für PCs oder Notebook-Rechner, Projektoren oder Plasma-Fernseher und entsprechende Peripheriegeräte.The The present invention relates to a heat sink with integrated heat pipe, especially for PCs or notebook computers, Projectors or plasma televisions and related peripherals.
Heutzutage werden Computeranwendungen in unterschiedlichen Formen in nahezu jedem Bereich des täglichen menschlichen Bedarfes eingesetzt. Dadurch, dass die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit der Computer konstant erhöht wird, steigt die Wärme, die die Computer abgeben ebenfalls. Die Wärmeableitung ist eine Aufgabe geworden, die zufrieden stellend gelöst werden muss, um eine normale Nutzung des Computers zu ermöglichen. Die Kühlkörper für die bekannten PCs oder Notebook-Computer umfassen in der Regel eine Basisplatte mit einer Vielzahl von Kühlrippen, die auf ihnen in aufrechter Form angeordnet sind. Die untere Seite der Basisplatte ist als glatte Oberfläche ausgebildet. Zur Installation wird der Kühler mit dem Wärme erzeugenden Element des Computers durch eine exzentrische Spange befestigt, um die untere flache Oberfläche mit dem Hitze generierenden Element in eine enge Verbindung zu bringen. Ein Lüfter ist über den Kühlrippen angeordnet. Sobald der Computer seine Arbeit aufnimmt, wird gemäß den Hitzetransferprinzipien die Hitze, die durch das Computerelement erzeugt wird, über die flache Kontaktoberfläche des Radiators zur Basisplatte und den Kühlrippen des Radiators transferiert, wobei der Lüfter einen Luftstrom erzeugt, um die Hitze ab zu transportieren. Eine solche Hitzeverteilungsmethode basiert auf der bekannten Metallhitzeleitfähigkeit. Die Hitzeableitung und ihre Effizienz hängt von der Hitzeleitfähigkeit des Materials ab, das den Kühler bildet. Da eine feste Substanz eine beschränkte Hitzetransferfähigkeit besitzt, ist der Ableitungseffekt von konventionellen Kühlern bzw. Radiatoren ebenfalls limitiert.nowadays Computer applications in various forms are almost in every area of the daily used for human needs. Because of the working speed the computer is constantly increasing becomes, the heat rises, who hand over the computers as well. Heat dissipation is a task become satisfactorily resolved to a normal To use the computer. The heat sink for the known PCs or notebook computers usually include a base plate with a variety of cooling fins, which are arranged in an upright position on them. The lower side the base plate is formed as a smooth surface. For installation becomes the radiator with the heat generating element of the computer through an eccentric clip attached to the bottom flat surface with the heat-generating Element in a close connection. A fan is over the cooling fins arranged. Once the computer starts its work, it will be in accordance with the heat transfer principles the heat generated by the computer element over the flat contact surface of the radiator to the base plate and the cooling fins of the radiator, wherein the fan generates a flow of air to remove the heat. A Such heat distribution method is based on the known metal heat conductivity. The heat dissipation and its efficiency depends on the heat conductivity of the material that is the radiator forms. Because a solid substance has limited heat transfer ability has the derivative effect of conventional coolers or Radiators also limited.
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In Anbetracht der vorgenannten Nachteile, die durch die konventionellen Kühler entstehen, welche eine begrenzte Hitzeableitungsfähigkeit besitzen, zielt die vorliegende Erfindung darauf ab, einen Kühlkörper mit integrierter Heatpipe bereitzustellen, um den Wärmeableitungseffekt bzw. Verteilungseffekt zu verbessern. Der Kühlkörper mit integrierter Heatpipe gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst eine Basisplatte und Kühlrippen, die integriert durch Extrusion, Pressen, Schmieden oder durch Schweißen ausgebildet sind. Die Basisplatte weist Kanäle bzw. Bohrungen auf, die durch eine mechanische Bearbeitung bzw. durch Verspannungstechnik entstanden sind. Die Kanäle nehmen kapillare Mittel auf, die integral ausgeformt sind, um einen Kanälekreislauf auf mehreren Ebenen entstehen zu lassen. Nachdem diese vakuumverschlossen sind, wird der Kreislauf mit einem Wärmeverteilungsmedium (gasförmig oder flüssig) in einer Menge von 50% bis 90% der internen Volumenkapazität der Kanäle aufgefüllt. Hierdurch kann die Wärme auf dem Wärmeabsorptionsende konzentriert werden, das auf der Basisplatte ausgebildet ist, und kann an die Kühlrippen geleitet werden und kann dann durch den Lüfter verteilt werden, um einen Wärmeableitungseffekt zu erreichen.In Considering the aforementioned disadvantages caused by the conventional cooler arise, which has a limited heat dissipation ability Own, the present invention aims to provide a heat sink with integrated heat pipe to provide the heat dissipation effect or distribution effect to improve. The heat sink with integrated heat pipe according to the present Invention comprises a base plate and cooling fins integrated by extrusion, Pressing, forging or by welding are formed. The base plate has channels or Holes on, by mechanical machining or through Bending technique have arisen. The channels take capillary resources which are integrally formed to a channel circuit on several levels let develop. After these are vacuum sealed, will the circulation with a heat distribution medium (gaseous or liquid) in an amount of 50% to 90% of the internal volume capacity of the channels filled. hereby can the heat on the heat absorption end be concentrated, which is formed on the base plate, and can be attached to the cooling fins and can then be distributed by the fan to one Heat dissipation effect to reach.
Im Vergleich zu konventionellen Kühlsystemen kann die Erfindung eine Reihe von Vorteilen aufweisen, insbesondere: Die Basisplatte hat an ihrem unteren Ende der Kühlrippen einen Kreislauf, der aus Kanäle bzw. Bohrungen mit mehreren Ebenen besteht, die kapillare Mittel aufweisen, die integral durch eine Extrusion ausgeformt sind, wobei zusätzlich ein wärmeableitendes Medium in den Kreislauf gefüllt wird. Das wärmeableitende Medium wechselt dabei von der flüssigen Phase in die gasförmige Phase und zurück in die flüssige Phase. Und während dieses zyklischen Phasenwechsels kann das wärmeverteilende Medium die Wärme aufnehmen und die Wärme abgeben, sowie die Wärme erneut aufnehmen. Die Kontaktfläche der Basisplatte absorbiert die Betriebswärme der Computerelemente und Abstrahlungsrippen geben die Wärme wieder ab. Somit wird die konventionelle Wärmeableitungsmethode, die im Wesentlichen auf der metallischen Wärmeleitung basiert, verändert. Hierdurch wird die Wärmeableitungsfähigkeit der Kühlrippen verbessert und die Wärmeableitungseffizienz der Kühlrippen gesteigert.Compared with conventional cooling systems, the invention may have a number of advantages, in particular: The base plate has at its lower end the cooling fins a circuit consisting of multi-level channels having capillary means integrally formed by extrusion are, in addition, a heat-dissipating medium is filled in the circuit. The heat-dissipating medium changes from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase and back to the liquid phase. And during this cyclic phase change, the heat-dissipating medium can absorb the heat and the heat and absorb the heat again. The contact surface of the base plate absorbs the heat of operation of the computer elements and radiation fins give off the heat again. Thus, the conventional heat dissipation method, which is based essentially on the metallic heat conduction, is changed. This improves the heat dissipation capability of the cooling fins and increases the heat dissipation efficiency of the fins.
Das Vorgenannte sowie weitere Ziele, Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden im Wesentlichen durch die folgende detaillierte Beschreibung verdeutlicht, die auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen Bezug nimmt.The The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention Invention are essentially detailed by the following Description is made in the attached drawings Refers.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die
Die
Basisplatte
Die
Kühlrippen
Die
kapillaren Mittel
Wie
die
Der
Kühlkörper mit
integrierter Heatpipe
Aus
der
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004023037A DE102004023037B4 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | Heat sink with integrated heat pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004023037A DE102004023037B4 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | Heat sink with integrated heat pipe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102004023037A1 DE102004023037A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
DE102004023037B4 true DE102004023037B4 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
Family
ID=35220037
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004023037A Expired - Fee Related DE102004023037B4 (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2004-05-06 | Heat sink with integrated heat pipe |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102004023037B4 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010039676A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connecting device for connecting plug-in openings of at least one cooling device and cooling system for cooling electronic components |
DE102010017300B4 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2013-07-04 | Tsung-Hsien Huang | cooler unit |
DE102022100756A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-13 | Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat sink with heat pipe for an electronic component and a corresponding arrangement |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008052145B4 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2011-01-20 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg | Arrangement for tempering an electrical component and electrical appliance with it |
DE102009030068A1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-30 | Mdexx Gmbh | Cooling element for a throttle or a transformer and inductor and transformer with such a cooling element |
EP2383779B1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2012-09-12 | ABB Oy | Mounting base |
CN110429483B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏维尔电气有限公司 | Energy-saving power distribution cabinet |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03108747A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-05-08 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Heat pipe type radiator |
DE3825981C2 (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1991-11-21 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE69301906T2 (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1996-08-08 | Alcatel Telspace | System for heat dissipation for an electronic component and a closed housing in such a system |
DE19514548C1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Method of manufacturing a micro cooler |
DE20305193U1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2003-05-28 | Chenming Industrial Corp., Taipeh/T'ai-Pei | Cooling body for CPU installed on edge of baseplate has heat conductor bodies and heat absorbing body under baseplate and additional fins and cooling fan may be fitted |
US20030183372A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-02 | Cheng-Tien Lai | Heat pipe incorporating outer and inner pipes |
DE20314715U1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2004-02-19 | Glacialtech, Inc., Junghe | Cooling system has closed fluid vessel in which fluid vaporises and condenses on under side of finned heat sink |
-
2004
- 2004-05-06 DE DE102004023037A patent/DE102004023037B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3825981C2 (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1991-11-21 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
JPH03108747A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-05-08 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Heat pipe type radiator |
DE69301906T2 (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1996-08-08 | Alcatel Telspace | System for heat dissipation for an electronic component and a closed housing in such a system |
DE19514548C1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-02 | Daimler Benz Ag | Method of manufacturing a micro cooler |
US20030183372A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-02 | Cheng-Tien Lai | Heat pipe incorporating outer and inner pipes |
DE20305193U1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2003-05-28 | Chenming Industrial Corp., Taipeh/T'ai-Pei | Cooling body for CPU installed on edge of baseplate has heat conductor bodies and heat absorbing body under baseplate and additional fins and cooling fan may be fitted |
DE20314715U1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2004-02-19 | Glacialtech, Inc., Junghe | Cooling system has closed fluid vessel in which fluid vaporises and condenses on under side of finned heat sink |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010017300B4 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2013-07-04 | Tsung-Hsien Huang | cooler unit |
DE102010039676A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connecting device for connecting plug-in openings of at least one cooling device and cooling system for cooling electronic components |
DE102010039676B4 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2016-06-09 | Mahle International Gmbh | Cooling system for cooling electronic components |
DE102022100756A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-13 | Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat sink with heat pipe for an electronic component and a corresponding arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004023037A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8328 | Change in the person/name/address of the agent |
Representative=s name: 2K PATENTANWAELTE BLASBERG KEWITZ & REICHEL, PARTN |
|
8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: THERMASOL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., TAINAN, TW |
|
8381 | Inventor (new situation) |
Inventor name: I-MING, LIU, TAINAN COUNTY, TW |
|
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |