DE102004022598A1 - System for programmed machining of wooden workpieces has a tool holder with a selection of tools held on a portal and positioned over the work table by at least two slides - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for programmed machining of wooden workpieces has the workpieces held on a support bed and with a selection of tools (G1, G2, G3) held over the work table on a portal (4) and positioned by at least two slides (S1, S2, S3). The portal is moved along the work table while the appropriate tool is selected and positioned by the slides. The slides comprise interlocking profiles and the whole system is controlled by a programme, e.g. NC control.

Description

The The present invention relates to a machine tool for machining of wooden parts or the like in the manner of a numerically controlled machining center. This Machine refers to one essentially in the area of the second Processing of the wood known typology and is particular for the vertical, top milling work both from solid as well as frame milling, as well as drilling or the execution determined by shapes obtained by milling on parts be the for use in the furnishing furniture industry or are determined by articles.

Such operations are generally known as numerically controlled milling.

In In the above-mentioned work centers, the parts are placed on a work table via suitable Holding devices, for example attached by vacuum action and by milling or boring tools edited by work units - in general electrically driven chucks - to be carried over suitable Holders are assigned to a spar that is above the work table and parallel to where the tools for the work table are located at the holder wear yourself down.

The Cutting feed movement is always made up of the composition of movements derived at least between two vertical axes X and Y, that are parallel to the work table, in which a component - for example the Y axis - on the Adjustment of the holder of the work units on the bar and the other Component, the X axis, on the movement of the spar itself above the fixed work table or - in other versions - on the Movement of the work table below the fixed spar itself is due.

On These machines have different requirements, both the covering of an adequate work surface on the work table by the Concern work units as well as the grasping of architectures, which ensure a good rigidity of the whole, as well as the possibility of the machine in its entirety in an appropriate manner to transport to the customer, given the considerable space requirement, that a machine of this type always claims.

The The invention therefore relates in particular to a work center at the a new positioning machine of the work units is implemented on the spar, that is able to advantageously meet the needs mentioned to be satisfied, as will be explained below.

Under the special reference to the architecture of machining centers, that have a spar that belongs to an open portal structure that sledge-like on guides the machine bed is adjustable, are in the prior art Machining centers known in this field, where the longest axis (be it Y) of the spar, a first sled, called sled Y, is slidable. This first carriage in turn has appropriate linear guides - aligned according to one to the work table normal axis Z - called for a second slide Slide Z, on which all work units are generally immediate are stored under the possibility each unit of work lengthways the Z axis individually. The slide Z fulfills that Task to close the entire work units along the Z axis move.

In the general remarks the slide Z extends primarily along the Y direction of the spar, because he has to take up a substantial number of work units, the with along the Z-axis arranged axes of rotation arranged adjacent to each other are, such as a battery of electrically powered Chucks, generally with at least a number of three are present on the slide Z.

The carriage Y underneath, however, has no significant Extent in the Y direction except for the necessary one Height that is necessary in order to adequately support the Z axis carried by it spaced along what guides the slide Z is movable. It follows that the sled Z the appearance of a big one Plate adopts the lengthways the Y axis of the stand is settled while the slide Y as a small plate lying under the slide Z. where the two plates are fixed to each other in the Y direction, with the lower plate lengthways opposite the Y axis centered on the top plate.

The resulting situation is that at the two ends of the slide Z attached work units in practice in Cantilever Y direction, being the length the overhang by the difference in the half-lengths of the two panels along the Y axis is displayed.

This is a number of problems both with the rigidity of the build as well as covering the work surface as well as space requirements connected to the machine.

Proceeded correctly, it is clear that for each position of the slide Y as soon as one of the work located at one end of the slide Z units are being processed, the presence of the cantilever in the Y direction negatively affects the rigidity of the entire arrangement with regard to a load which acts on the tip of the tool in one of the two directions of the X or Z axis.

Moreover, as soon as the work unit further back (i.e. further towards the stand) in the front position of the work table (i.e. more towards of the end of the spar), the fact that this allows Unit of work withdrawn is arranged, not the processing possibility of the same to the front areas, except one leads a spar with a length from the above the usual Standards. The extension of the spar would however, transportation on trucks with standard dimensions is difficult shape causes excessive width the loading area the same and is therefore considered a considerable problem. For this reason, a widely used machine size often becomes one Maximum length of the Holms of 2400 [mm] prescribed.

Very similar Considerations show that the more front-facing work unit not the editing option allowed at the more rear areas of the work table, being moreover the same rigidity problems are noticeable as for the more rear unit.

It then there is another problem, that of the tool change is given and is associated with the space requirements, the one Architecture such as that described. In particular, if the front work unit - as is often the case - is a work head according to the type that is on a gear train of several pairs of wheels with different axes (heads is articulated according to the antropomorphic type), the radial space requirement of such a working head very significantly and also in the Y direction become significant heights reached. Also the space requirement of the disc-like tool change added - fixed in Y on slide Y, or on slide Z - the one with an on / off stroke in the Y direction, with all dimensions being summed Total dimensions of the space requirement in the Y direction of the outline of the machine reached, the finally lie above the normal standard dimensions, such as the standard dimensions the security platforms (equipped with microswitches), where hence a purchase problem for such devices exist.

The known arrangement solutions the system of holder slides of the work units on the spar of the Machining centers have the entire range of defects considered, and it turns out that a machining center according to the state the technology is burdened by problems in use that are associated with the aspects just listed related.

A Machine that over a solution has that is able to solve the problems Rigidity and the space required to minimize that due to the architectures related to the state of the art, represents a valid, inventive solution represents.

The Task that the present invention is about taking a special System of slides for moving the work units, is just the one to remedy the shortcomings indicated above; in particular by introducing a system at the work center that is capable of to keep the space requirements below normal standards, and to optimize the rigidity of the structure, being an arrangement of work units and a very advantageous flow of tensions from a point of view of the deformations and vibration excitation what is sought with the solutions of the prior art was not possible.

The Invention as characterized by the claims solves the problem a milling center to create that provided with holder slides of the work units which is according to a are arranged in such a way that essentially the whole Problems are eliminated with the machines of the prior art related. All while maintaining a wide constructive simplicity is, increasing the versatility of the work, and at the same time the functional characteristics of the previous versions of machining centers maintained and downright improved.

The subsequently developed idea solves the above tasks with a design of the machining center, on which at least one additional slide, also this one with the tasks a Y-carriage is provided, and that in the gear train for Movement of the working units of these additional slides after the first one, already mentioned carriage Y is arranged, the additional carriage is able to give the work units a second degree of freedom in the Y direction.

In particular The invention relates to a machining center which essentially known type in the processing of wooden parts or similar, as well as boards of limited thickness, flat or slightly arched.

• – mindestens einen Arbeitstisch, der an einem Maschinenbett längs der Ebene von zwei Achsen X und Y einer rechtwinkligen Dreizahl X, Y, Z angeordnet ist, und einen Holm, der dem Arbeits tisch gegenüberliegt und sich längs der Y-Achse abwickelt, an dem mindestens ein erster Schlitten (genannt Basisschlitten oder Y-Schlitten) verstellbar ist, dessen Verstellung am Holm eine erste Bewegung längs der Y-Achse einer Vielzahl von Arbeitseinheiten auferlegt, die die Bearbeitungen an Holzteilen ausführen, die ihrerseits am Arbeitstisch befestigt sind, wo die Besonderheit der Erfindung darin liegt, dass ein weiterer Schlitten vorgesehen ist, der vom ersten Basisschlitten getragen wird, und seinerseits längs der Y-Achse gegenüber dem ersten Schlitten beweglich ist, wobei der weitere Schlitten in seiner Bewegung längs der Y-Achse die Vielzahl von Arbeitseinheiten derart fördert, dass diesen eine zweite Verstellung längs der Y-Achse erteilt wird.

The machine tool for processing wooden parts includes:

• - At least one work table, which is arranged on a machine bed along the plane of two axes X and Y of a right triangle X, Y, Z, and a spar, which is opposite the work table and unwinds along the Y axis, on the at least a first slide (called base slide or Y slide) is adjustable, the adjustment of which on the spar imposes a first movement along the Y axis of a large number of work units which carry out the machining on wooden parts which in turn are attached to the work table, where the peculiarity of the Invention lies in the fact that a further slide is provided which is carried by the first base slide and is in turn movable along the Y-axis with respect to the first slide, the further slide in its movement along the Y-axis thus promoting the multiplicity of work units that they are given a second adjustment along the Y axis.

The usual architecture, which is normally referred to provides that the spar part an open structure designed as a portal in the manner of a along the X-axis sliding carriage on guides of the bed itself.

A Another special feature of the invention is that the order of the Carriage is designed in such a way that the first base carriage corresponds first linear guides has, which is aligned along the Z axis are; there is a second carriage provided, the immediate adjustable from the first slide to the first guides along the Z axis worn is, wherein the second carriage has second linear guides, which according to the second Y-axis are aligned and on which adjustable along the Y-axis a third carriage is carried directly, which in its movement along the Y axis promotes the multitude of work units where the third carriage train that other sled that was mentioned above.

The obtained on the machine, object of the present invention The advantages are, as already mentioned above, mainly from the increase in Rigidity derived. In particular, the maximum effect on rigidity takes place in the Operation of the machine when the further carriage, in general in the position of the third slide along the Y axis is adjusted so that the each work unit intervening in the working position located on the center line of the slide Z, which is generally the second carriage that can move on the spar is.

On Another advantage of the "shift" possibility further sledge comes from is that with the foremost work unit in the area of the most negative Y axis can be worked, i.e. near the stand and also with the rearmost work unit near the front end of the spar.

Also the tool change is easy without the intervention of working cylinders, that approach the tool holder plate by a finishing unit or remove, for example, the front one. In particular, about this Enough purposes, on the slide Z the tool change holder (for example the holder the front work unit) to bring tight, whereby a forward adjustment of the third slide relative to the Slide Z an approach between the work group and the tool holder plate is that enough, around which the operations carry out the tool change; a corresponding adjustment the work unit closes to the rear of the third slide from the tool changing area.

It it is therefore clear how one with a sled system according to the already executed Concepts equipped Machine has advantages and flexibility, the opposite the machines considerably higher are related to the state of the art; it should also be emphasized as well as the cost of the components that make up the machine are limited because they are ordinary components.

The Invention is explained below with the aid of the drawings represent in each case only an exemplary and non-limiting execution modality, which refers to a machining center that the holder carriage system of the work units according to the now explained added.

The The rest of the machine is exactly the same as one of the possible ones equipment a general and well-known numerically controlled machining center and therefore a detailed description is avoided, whereby one is essentially limited to the components that come with the mechanics on board the spar refer to the innovation factor across from forms the state of the art. Show it,

1 an axionometric and schematic view of the machining center in its entirety; from it is the stand and the spar 4 visible, which together is an open portal in the manner of a machine bed 2 form movable slides along the X direction;

2 a top view of the spar 4 and the same associated slide system, from which in particular the slide S1, which functions as a first, directly on the spar 4 adjustable carriage Y has, the carriage S2 adjustable directly on the carriage S1, with the function of the carriage Z, and the carriage S3 - further carriage adjustable along the Y axis - which can be adjusted here directly on the carriage S2 and the function of a second carriage Y has. The figure shows the situation in which the rear working unit G1 was brought by adjustment in the Y direction of the carriage S3 in the region of the center line of the carriage S2; this position for this work unit represents the most advantageous work position with regard to the increase in rigidity and the balance of forces. In the present figure, the front work unit G2 is also in a suitable position to carry out a tool change with the adjacent front magazine M2, change, which can therefore take place within a masked time in the course of processing the work unit G1.

The adjustment system of the work units which characterizes the machine, object of the present invention, is inventive because of the solution proposed by it and is at the same time of great simplicity. In its preferred embodiment described below and shown in the figures, the machine reflects a classic architecture of the work centers, in which a machine bed 2 a work table 1 for fastening the workpieces and one on the machine bed 2 movable stand a spar 4 that forms an open portal structure with it, on the machine bed 2 along the direction X with a longitudinal extension of the machine bed 2 is adjustable.

For the adjustment of the working units G1, G2, G3, which are intended for the operation of the tool and on board the spar 4 are accommodated, a solution with multiple slides is provided, which forms the inventive factor. Here is a first slide S1 along the longitudinal axis of the spar 4 adjustable on suitable guides, as is usually the case.

The first carriage S1 is therefore a carriage Y, which in the present case Context correctly defined as the first carriage Y can.

The first carriage S1 has linear guides L1 according to the type of prismatic guides on that according to a Z axis are aligned perpendicular to the working plane and according to the axes X and Y lies.

The guides L1 are suitable lengthways the Z axis one to guide second carriage S2 which fulfills the function of a slide Z.

The second carriage S2 in turn has linear guides L2 of the type of prismatic guides on, which are also aligned like the Y axis, and on which slidable a third slide S3 intervenes, which thus functions as a Carriage Y takes over, in this context, correctly as a second sled Y can be called.

Three work units are arranged directly on the third slide S3: one work unit G1 arranged at the rear, ie on the side of the stand, and the front one, ie on the side of the end of the spar 4 arranged work unit G2 and the work unit G3 arranged centrally with respect to G1 and G2. The work units are each arranged on the slide S3 on linear guides which are aligned in accordance with the Z axis, ie each of them can be moved along the Z axis with respect to the slide S3, independently of the other work units.

It it is clear, as is usual in such applications, that the total linear between those sledges before and the respective sledges after Acting drives are provided, consisting in particular here in total electric motor - endless Spindle - spindle motor.

The carriage S3 therefore represents a further carriage which has the possibility of being moved along the Y axis in relation to the first carriage S1 by moving the plurality of work units G1, G2, G3 in its movement along the Y axis, so that they have a second adjustment along the Y axis, opposite the spar 4 another compared to the first adjustment, which was given to the working units G1, G2, G3 by the adjustment of the first slide S1 and which is vectorially added to the first.

As far as the arrangements of the tool changing systems are concerned, it should be noted that the third slide S3 has a rather short horizontal arm which is oriented towards the rear of the machine (on the part of the stand) and which, after a short section, has a connecting plate which also connects to Y-axis parallel linear guides 5 is provided, on which a first tool magazine M1, ie a sub-unit is adjustable, which has a horizontal plate for holding the tools arranged with a vertical axis, a drive for pivoting the plate and a pneumatic drive (not shown) for the adjustment allowed along the Y direction of the center of the plate of the first magazine M1.

On the second slide S2 there is a rather long one fixed horizontal arm, which runs along the back of the carriage S3, which is near the front of the spar 4 is formed at right angles and a second tool magazine M2 in the manner of a plate, each first magazine M1 holds. In contrast to the first tool magazine M1, however, no drive is provided in the second tool magazine M2 in order to carry out an adjustment along its Y axis, since the approach movement is assigned to the working unit G2 near it; in other words, the position of the second tool magazine M2 is essentially already suitable - after the front working unit G2 has approached the front magazine M2 - in order to carry out a tool change between them.

In operational terms, this resolves the machining center that is structured in this way the given task thanks to the mutual, explained Arrangements and interconnections for the various components without in any way that of the existing, remaining Need to change the structure of the machining center.

In the mode of operation and with reference to the mutual arrangements explained It is important to emphasize that the main concept in the Operating mode for the architecture described is that about the adjustment of the third slide S3 opposite the second carriage S2 each of the working units G1, G2, G3 - as soon as in operation - in Area of the center line of the carriage S2, forming the carriage Z is positioned. In this way, the rigidity of the The totality of the sleds is maximized and therefore the Adjustments under tension are the least, but more advantageous The natural vibration frequencies of the structure were also increased are.

Regarding the Tool changing operations consist of two slightly different modalities, according to which with the first magazine M1 or the second magazine M2 for tools is proceeded.

With reference to the first magazine M1, as already mentioned, this has the freedom of adjustment on the guides parallel to the Y axis 5 and is operated by a drive, here in the manner of on / off, it is carried out by a pneumatic cylinder.

In practice, the tool magazine M1 is able to be approximated / removed from the corresponding work group G1 in order to exchange the tool thanks to the adjustment on the linear guides 5 and the tool change can take place at any moment.

Under Referring now to the second tool magazine M2, the approach / removal takes place from the corresponding work unit G2 by adjusting the third Sledge S3, which adjusts all three work units in such a way that also the front work unit G2 in the work area of the tool magazine M2 can enter and the tool changing process can take place.

The Invention described and explained above can make further changes and experience variants, all in the area of the executed concept or the following claims to step. moreover can the entire details replaced by technically equivalent elements become.

Claims (7)

Machine tool in the manner of a numerically controlled machining center for machining wooden parts, with at least one work table ( 1 ) on a machine bed ( 2 ) according to which X, Y, Z are defined by two X and Y axes, and a spar ( 4 ) of the work table ( 1 ) is arranged in the longitudinal direction according to the Y-axis, and on the guides of which at least one first base slide (S1) is adjustable in the longitudinal direction, the adjustment of which on the bar ( 4 ) a first movement along the Y axis of a large number of work units (G1, G2, ...) is issued, which process the work on the work table ( 1 ) attached wooden parts, machine, which is characterized in that at least one further slide (S3) is provided, which is carried by the first base slide (S1), and in turn is movable along the Y axis relative to the first slide (S1) , wherein the further slide (S3) during the adjustment along the Y axis promotes the plurality of work units (G1, G2, ...) in such a way that they are given a second adjustment along the Y axis. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the spar ( 4 ) Part of a structure designed as an open portal in the manner of a along the X axis on machine bed guides ( 2 ) adjustable carriage. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - the first base slide (S1) has first linear movement guides (L1) which are aligned according to the Z axis; - A second carriage (S2) is provided, which is carried directly by the first carriage (S1) on the first guides (L1) of the same along the Z-axis, - The second carriage (S2) second linear movement has guides (L2) which are aligned according to the Y axis, - the at least one further slide (S3) is a third slide, which is directly from the second slide (S2) on the second guides (L2) of the same along the Y axis is adjustable adjustable. Machine tool according to one or more of the above claims, characterized in that at least one working unit of the plurality of work units (G1, G2, ...) compared to the other slide (S3) according to the Z axis is adjustable movable. Machine tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one first tool magazine (M1) is provided which is guided by the third slide (S3) on linear motion guides ( 5 ) it is carried in an adjustable manner and is capable of exchanging the tools on at least one first work unit (G1) of the plurality of work units (G1, G2, ...); the exchange of the tools via the movement along the Y axis of at least the first magazine (M1) on the guides ( 5 ) with respect to the third slide (S3) in order to adjust the mutual distance between the first work unit (G1) carried by the third slide (S3) and the first tool magazine (M1) during the tool change step. Machine tool according to claim 3 or 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that at least one second tool magazine (M2) is provided, which is essentially fixed to the second carriage (S2) and capable is the exchange of tools at at least one second work unit (G2) perform the plurality of work units (G1, G2, ...); in which the tool exchange through the movement of the Y axis at least a third carriage (S3) compared to the second carriage (S2) is carried out, by the mutual distance between the second and the third carriage (S3) carried work unit (G2) and the second tool magazine (M2) during to adapt the tool change step. Machine tool according to the preceding claims and after what with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings and for them specified tasks has been described and explained.