DE102004017156A1 - Press for producing ceramic moldings, especially roof tiles comprises a frame, a pressing device with a pressing piece, and a drum arranged in the frame - Google Patents

Abstract

Press comprises a frame, a pressing device (16) with a pressing piece (18), and a drum (8) arranged in the frame. The pressing piece supports upper molds and the drum supports lower molds (9) which interact with the upper molds to form a ceramic composition. The frame forms a closed construction made from components joined together e.g. a base frame, side supports (4) and a crossbeam (10) joined to the free ends of the side supports. The crossbeam is structured to receive pressing forces acting in the pressing direction and is connected to the side supports using connecting devices acting parallel to the pressing direction. Preferred Features: The connecting devices are formed by tie rods (14) arranged parallel to the pressing direction. The tie rods are tensioned by hydraulic tensioning nuts.

Description

The Invention relates to a press for the production of moldings ceramic mass, in particular a press for producing roof tiles in molded boxes. A known press of this type has a machine frame, one pressure generator arranged thereon with a lifting pressure piece and a drum that rotatably mounted in the machine frame and with the Stroke of the pressure piece clocked is gradually rotatable, the pressure piece upper molds and the drum carries corresponding sub-forms on its circumference, which interact with the upper molds to form the ceramic mass. The machine frame forms a self-contained construction from interconnected components, namely from a base frame, of two fastened to the base frame at a distance from each other side beams and from a cross-beam bridging the distance between the side beams, both ends with the side straps connected is.

At the ceramic pressing of moldings, such as roof tiles, by means of a such press arise beyond the vertical press forces in pressing direction transverse shear forces between the upper form and lower form, which lead to the same directional bend the side stand and thus twisting the machine frame from a rectangular configuration in an approximately parallelogram Configuration can. To counteract this, the cross-beam is used in the known roof tile presses except by screwing in the pressing direction also by screwing in the direction transverse to the pressing direction to the side stand tied up so that a desired Rigidity of the machine frame is achieved. To achieve this The crossbar itself is also designed for the purpose. Mainly has the crossbar, however, absorb the compressive forces in the pressing direction and on the stand derive. In addition are common on the crossbar Bearings for Movable parts of the pressure generating device for the vertical between side stands movably guided pressure piece attached so that the Crossbar additionally is still rigid with the target direction that the force application points this actuator too their position in space under maximum load unchanged maintained. All of this complicates the design.

Of the The invention has for its object a press of the described Kind of creating which meets the requirements in a simple construction all Fulfills.

This Task is solved by claim.

According to the invention the unit consists of a base frame and side stands attached to it stiff that a unacceptable Torsion of the side stand prevented due to the transverse shear forces generated during pressing is. This is according to the invention achieved that the side straps with form a torsionally rigid construction in the base frame, where the side straps does not bend or only bends in the same direction during operation. This is unnecessary a structural design of the crossbar for the purpose of increase the torsional stiffness. Rather, the cross-beam is for complete absorption the one in the pressing direction acting pressing forces without essential Deformation designed and only with parallel to the pressing direction acting connecting means connected to the side stand, so that transversely to the pressing direction there is no need for extending connecting means.

Of the The basic idea of the invention thus lies in the separation of functions the crossbar on the one hand, which the pressing forces in the pressing direction completely and the side stand without generating bending moments, and the unit from base frame and side stands on the other hand, which is so torsionally rigid that it is alone, i.e. practically without the involvement of the crossbar, which is transverse to the pressing direction acting thrust can record.

This constructive design can be realized in a variety of ways.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention has the crossbar at least a convex curved rib with the highest Elevation in the line of action of the pressing force. The rib can do so preferably have an approximately parabolic contour. The only parallel to the pressing direction acting connecting means are formed for example by tie rods.

In one embodiment of the invention, the crossbeam can have a sealed hollow box on both sides of the rib, which can function as a tank, for example for compressed air, vacuum, oil, coolant or the like. On the resulting wide underside of the crossbar, bearing supports for movable parts of the pressure generating device are advantageously detachably fastened, in particular screwed, and preferably positively via additional pin / hole pairs. In this way, pressure forces generated during the pressing process can be applied to the bearing supports on the ge Initially distribute the entire width of the crossbar.

The Initiation of the pressing force in the pressing direction in the crossbar is advantageously carried out on the underside of the Crossbar attached bearing supports for the moving parts of the Pressure generating device, for example with the eccentric drive Press about Radial bearing for the eccentric shaft.

To The rigid construction supports the desired separation of functions the side stand in U construction open at the top, in its upper corners massive support blocks for the tie rods releasable Can have connection of the crossbar to the side beams. For the stiff Training the side straps is beneficial when down at an angle between 5 ° and 8 °, preferably between 6 ° and 7 °, yourself widening side walls and have a base plate with which the side walls, for example by welding are firmly connected to a large footprint of the kickstand to create on the base frame. Furthermore, the side walls can have end walls, their wall thickness 2 to 5 times larger than that of the side walls are.

According to one Another advantageous embodiment of the invention are the tie rods briefly sized to a possible To keep the elongation and movement of the crossbar small the squeezing process not adversely affect.

at a pressure generating device of the eccentric type is from Advantage if the pressure generating device is radial on the crossbar mounted eccentric shaft with a central stroke eccentric and two has symmetrically arranged pressure eccentrics on both sides thereof. The separation of stroke and pressure eccentrics is production-related advantageous. To avoid bending the eccentric shaft as much as possible, are directly adjacent to each side of each pressure eccentric radial bearing intended. This minimizes the free bending lengths of the eccentric shaft, so that too at high press forces no significant axis offset between those interacting with the pressure eccentrics Pressure rollers can arise. The radial bearings are preferably as Plain bearings trained. additionally the eccentric shaft can be supported in the side stands, and that over useful as a rolling bearing trained radial - / - axial bearings, which, however, only the axial Components of gearing forces in the drive and the very low radial forces compared to the pressing forces Loads on lifting the moving parts of the pressure generating device have to record.

This constructive design enables a Removing the crossbar without the essential components of the To disassemble the machine. Unlike previous presses, where the pressure generating device has to be dismantled, in particular the eccentric shaft of an eccentric drive, in each case a side stand must be dismantled this is in a press according to the invention not required for the eccentric shaft together with the crossbar can be removed and then easily replaced.

This allows also a complete pre-assembly of the cross beam with pressure generating device, what kind of the transport is advantageous.

A A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is given by that the Tie rods provided for connecting the crossbar to the side stands via hydraulic Clamping nuts are pretensioned. Such known hydraulic Locknuts are hydraulic cylinders whose pressure is monitored can be inadmissible at one high pressure overloading the Press to display. Such an impermissibly high pressure leads to an "opening" of the clamping nuts, which is a corresponding Alternate stroke movement the crossbar with respect the side stand allows. Solves at the same time the inadmissible high pressure shutdown of the press. The press can be at standstill then at bottom dead center by opening the hydraulic clamping nuts put in a power-free state, causing the press to start up bottom dead center is made possible by the main drive.

in the Operation of the press can lead to it being shortly before reaching the bottom dead center, i.e. at maximum tension must, e.g. with "emergency stop" in critical situations, in the event of malfunctions in the line below or for other reasons. With the prevailing high Is pressing forces it with conventional Pressing is often not possible to bridge this situation. When in use hydraulic clamping nuts becomes easy in such situations their internal pressure is reduced and thereby a lifting movement of the cross-beam for overload avoidance Approved. This allows the forces dismantled and the tension released become. From such situations the press can then talk about their Drive can be cleared.

The Principles of the invention are independent of the type of pressure generation. For example, pressure can be generated using the toggle principle or hydraulically happen.

The The invention is based on schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments with more details explained.

It demonstrate

1 in a perspective view the overall view of a press according to the invention;

2 in a perspective view like 1 the machine frame of the press 1 ;

3 a front view of the machine frame after 2 ;

4 a longitudinal section through a complete press 1 in a central plane in a sectional plane along a rib of the cross-beam;

5 an end view of the crossbar with pressure piece and eccentric shaft;

6 a section along the line VI-VI in 5 ;

7 a section along the line VII-VII in 6 ;

8th an overall perspective view of the crossbar with pressure piece and eccentric shaft according to the 5 to 7 ;

9 and 10 a perspective view and a sectional view along the line XX in 9 a machine frame of a press according to the invention, in which the cross-beam is connected to the side stands by means of hydraulic clamping nuts;

11 in a cut like 4 a press according to the invention with a pressure generating device of the toggle type, and

12 similar in a cut 11 a press according to the invention with hydraulic pressure generating device.

The 1 to 8th show a preferred embodiment of a press according to the invention, wherein in the 2 . 3 a machine frame of the press and in the 5 to 8th the crossbar with eccentric shaft with bearings and separate lifting and pressure eccentrics as well as the pressure piece and the lifting and pressure roller mounted therein are shown, which interact with the corresponding eccentrics in operation.

The overall view according to 1 shows the press in assembled, ready-to-use condition. The press has a machine frame, which is a base frame 2 , two side stands 4 . 6 , one in the inner end walls 48 this side stand with its ends rotatably mounted drum 8th with a total of six surfaces, each of which has four sub-forms 9 carries, and a crossbar 10 , In the upper area of the side stand 4 is the main drive on the front 12 attached for pressure generation. The crossbar 10 is by means of tie rods 14 with the top ends of the side stands 4 . 6 connected.

The crossbar 10 carries a pressure generating device on its underside 16 with thrust piece 18 , on the underside of which upper forms (in 1 not shown) are attached, their number and arrangement to that of the sub-molds 9 correspond on a drum surface. In the present case, the drum has four sub-forms on each surface 9 , Accordingly, there are four upper molds on the underside of the pressure piece 18 appropriate.

First of all, based on the 2 . 3 and 10 the construction of the machine frame is described in more detail. The crossbar 10 is a box construction with two hollow boxes 101 . 102 executed, which on both sides of a central rib extending over the entire length of the crossbar 103 are arranged. The hollow boxes 101 . 102 are tight with the rib 103 welded. Your interiors can act as tanks for compressed air, vacuum, oil, coolant or the like. In conjunction with the rib 103 creates a wide sub-surface 104 , on the bearing supports 105 for radial bearings 106 positively attached, eg screwed and pinned, which are an eccentric shaft 20 rotatably (cf. 6 ). The radial bearings 106 , which have to transmit the vertical press forces, are designed as plain bearings.

Instead of a middle rib 103 the crossbar can also have two ribs arranged symmetrically to the center line, which is particularly preferred when using a hydraulic pressure generating device (cf. 12 ).

The midrib 103 has a parabolic contour 107 with a highest elevation in the middle of the press, ie at the point where the resulting pressing force direction p is the contour 107 penetrates. Like from the 5 and 6 can be seen, the resulting p lies in the section plane VI-VI in 5 and in the middle of the press in the view of 6 ,

The hollow boxes 101 have massive claws at both ends 102 which of through holes 109 for the tie rods 14 are enforced.

The side stand 4 have side walls widening downwards at an angle α between 6 ° and 7 ° 40 and especially from 1 visible outer and inner end walls 42 . 48 , whose wall thickness is about two to five times the wall thickness of the side walls 40 equivalent. Below are the side and end walls with a base plate 44 welded, which has a large footprint on a corresponding base plate 24 of the basic framework 2 for the side stand 4 creates. The one with these contact patches 24 provided, made in hollow construction base frame sections 22 under each stand 4 are on stable crossbars 26 connected with each other.

The pressure piece 18 is on both sides via connected prism guides 46 on guide rails 19 on inner end walls 48 the side stand 4 guided vertically movable.

The stands 4 form with the base frame 2 a unit formed by positive screwing, which is so torsionally rigid due to the described design that a rectified bending of the side stand in a parallelogram-like configuration is largely prevented due to the press shear during the pressing process even when the cross-beam 10 is not assembled.

The crossbar 10 is with the side stands 4 via the vertical tie rods 14 connected, the hollow boxes 101 with the claws 102 Provide a wide contact area on the top of the stand. The massive claws are there 102 massive blocks 110 opposite that in 3 dashed and in 10 shown solid. The tie rods also extend through these massive blocks and are with lock nuts 112 screwed. All screw connections between the base frame 2 and the side stands 4 as well as between the side stand 4 and the crossbar 10 are dowel pins for form-fitting, exact positioning of the parts mentioned relative to each other, which cooperate with corresponding holes on the respective counterpart.

Overall, a stable construction is achieved in which the unit consists of a base frame 2 and side stands 4 taken on its own is so torsionally rigid that it can absorb the horizontal transverse forces generated by shear forces in the transverse direction to the main pressing direction p without undue torsion. The crossbar 10 is in turn capable of fully absorbing the vertical pressing forces arising in the main pressing direction p, so that practically no bending stresses from the crossbar 10 be transferred to the side stand 4 in operation. The machine frame is therefore designed according to the principle of functional separation: the cross-beam 10 absorbs the press forces while the unit is out of base frame 2 and side stands 4 absorbs the shear forces acting transversely to the pressing forces. This enables a complete removal of the traverse including the eccentric shaft attached to it 20 with thrust piece 18 from the press, which simplifies production, maintenance and transport.

Based on 4 to 8th the eccentric shaft with separate lifting and pressure eccentrics arranged according to the invention and with the bearing according to the invention and the pressure piece and the interaction of these parts will now be described in detail.

As can be seen from the figures, the eccentric shaft 20 in radial plain bearings 106 stored in bearing supports 105 which are recorded from the bottom 104 the crossbar 10 hang. A stroke eccentric sits in the middle of the eccentric shaft 201 and each axially in one of the width of the bearing supports 105 appropriate distance a pressure eccentric 202 , The printing eccentric 202 act coaxially in the lower area of the pressure piece 18 rotatably mounted pressure rollers 182 together while the stroke eccentric 201 with one in an upper bridge 180 of the pressure piece 18 rotatably mounted lifting roller 181 interacts. The bridge 180 overlaps the eccentric shaft 20 above and forms a suspension of the pressure piece 18 on the eccentric shaft 20 via the lifting roller 181 and the interacting stroke eccentric 201 ( 7 . 8th ). The pressure piece is in the guide via this suspension 19 . 46 guided raised when the stroke eccentric 201 in the corresponding rotational position on the eccentric shaft 20 arrives.

Especially from 6 it can be seen that the radial plain bearings 106 on both sides of each print eccentric 202 and are arranged directly axially adjacent to it. This also applies to the stroke eccentric 201 , The free bending lengths are minimized, so that there is no significant axis misalignment between the lifting roller even with high pressing forces 181 , the pressure rollers 182 and the eccentrics 201 . 202 or the eccentric shaft 20 can arise and the vertical pressing forces practically purely radially in the crossbar 10 be initiated.

As in 3 is shown is the eccentric shaft 20 in reinforced wall parts 481 of the inner walls via radial / axial bearings designed here as roller bearings 49 supported. These camps 49 serve only to absorb axial gearing forces caused by the gearing between a drive pinion 121 on the end of the output shaft 122 of the main drive 12 and that of this pinion 121 driven eccentric drive gear 123 the eccentric shaft 20 as well as absorbing radial forces from the eccentric shaft during the stroke of the pressure piece 20 on the wall parts 481 the sidestand can be transferred. However, these forces are very small compared to the pressing forces.

The gear 123 in turn drives over a Maltese cross 124 the drum 8th on.

The 9 and 10 show an alternative of the machine frame, in which the tie rods formed by bolts 14 by hydraulic nuts 14 ' are replaced. These are hydraulic cylinders, which are not shown in detail because they are known per se. These hydraulic nuts 14 ' connect as in the execution according to 2 to 8th the claws 102 the crossbar 10 with the massive blocks 110 in the corners of the side stands 4 , The hydraulic nuts 14 ' are just like the tie rods 14 by means of lock nuts 141 on the bottom of the blocks 110 countered.

The hydraulic nuts are relieved of pressure via an overload valve (not shown) when the permissible hydraulic pressure is exceeded, so that the crossbar 10 is released for an evasive movement upwards. At the same time, the press is switched off via a pressure detection when the permissible hydraulic pressure is exceeded. The hydraulic nuts 14 ' thus serve as overload protection.

The designs according to the 11 and 12 differ from that according to the previous figures by a different type of pressure generation. Instead of the eccentric shaft and the pressure piece suspended from it, the design is based on 11 a toggle linkage 20 ' provided in a manner known per se and therefore not shown. The pressure piece 18 ' is structurally adapted to this other type of pressure generation and to the lower link of the toggle linkage 20 ' attached and also by means of prismatic guides 19 . 46 on the inner walls 48 the side stand 4 guided vertically.

The press is otherwise like the 1 to 10 described. Apart from the pressure generating device, this also applies to the press 12 , There the drive is hyd raulisch by means of two symmetrical between crossbar 10 and correspondingly adapted pressure piece 18 '' arranged cylinders 20 '' formed, which are acted upon hydraulically.

The in the above description, figures and claims Characteristics can be both individually or in any combination for realizing the invention to be of importance.

2

base frame

3

kickstand

8th

drum

9

under the form

10

crossbeam

101

hollow box

102

paw

103

rib

104

undersurface

105

bearing supports

106

radial bearings

109

Through Hole

110

massive block

111

locknut

121

pinion

122

output shaft

123

drive gear

124

Maltese cross

125

drive gear

141

locknut

12

main drive

13

14

tie rods

14 '

hydraulic locknut

16

Pressure generating device

18,18 ', 18' '

Pressure piece

180

bridge

181

elevating roll

182

pressure roller

19

V guide

20

eccentric shaft

20 '

Toggle linkage

20 ''

hydraulic cylinder

201

stroke eccentric

202

Druckexzenter

22

Base frame section

24

carrying plate

40

Side wall

42

outer end wall

44

baseplate

α

tilt angle

46

guide rails

48

inner bulkhead

49

Radial / thrust bearings

Claims (17)

Press for the production of moldings from ceramic mass with a machine frame, a pressure generating device arranged thereon ( 16 ) with lifting plunger ( 18 ), as well as with a drum ( 8th ), which is mounted in the machine frame and can be rotated step by step with the stroke of the pressure piece, the pressure piece ( 18 ) Upper molds and the drum ( 8th ) corresponding subforms in their scope ( 9 ) that cooperate with the upper molds to form the ceramic mass, the machine frame being one in closed construction forms from interconnected components, namely from a base frame, from two spaced apart on the base frame ( 2 ) attached side supports and from a distance between the side supports ( 4 ) bridging crossbar ( 10 ), which is connected at both ends to the free ends of the side supports, the side supports ( 4 ) with the base frame ( 2 ) form a torsionally rigid construction and the crossbeam ( 10 ) designed to withstand the pressing forces acting in the pressing direction in a rigid manner and exclusively by means of connecting means acting parallel to the pressing direction (p) ( 14 ) with the side stands ( 4 ) connected is. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting means of tie rods (parallel to the pressing direction (p)) 14 ) are formed. Press according to claim 2, characterized in that the tie rods are braced by means of hydraulic clamping nuts which, when a permissible pressing force is exceeded, cause the crossbar ( 10 ) and switch off the press. Press according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the crossbar ( 10 ) a convex curved rib ( 103 ) with the highest elevation in the line of action of the pressing force. Press according to claim 4, characterized in that on both sides of the rib ( 103 ) each a tight box girder ( 101 ) is provided and that bearing supports ( 105 ) for moving parts ( 18 . 20 ) of the pressure generating device on the underside ( 104 ) the crossbar ( 10 ) are releasably attached, in particular screwed in a form-fitting manner. Press according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the rib ( 103 ) has an approximately parabolic contour. Press according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the side stands ( 4 ) have an U-structure that is open at the top and solid blocks in their upper corners ( 110 ) for short tie rods ( 114 ) for detachable connection of the crossbar ( 103 ) with the side stands ( 4 ) respectively. Press according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side stands ( 4 ) downward with an angle between 5 ° and 8 °, in particular between 6 ° and 7 °, widening side walls ( 40 ), End walls ( 42 ) and a base plate ( 44 ) to have a large footprint of the side stand on the base frame ( 2 ) and that the end walls ( 42 ) a wall thickness that is 2 to 5 times greater than the side walls ( 40 ) to have. Press according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the Pressure generating device interchangeably attached to the machine frame is. Press according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the Pressure generating device is of the toggle type. Press according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the Pressure generating device of the hydraulic pressure generating type is. Press according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the pressure generating device ( 16 ) is of the eccentric type. Press according to claim 12, characterized in that the pressure generating device on the crossbar ( 10 ) radial eccentric shaft ( 20 ) with a central stroke eccentric ( 201 ) and two axially symmetrical pressure eccentrics ( 202 ) having. Press according to claim 13, characterized in that directly adjacent to each side of each pressure eccentric ( 202 ) on the crossbar ( 10 ) supported radial bearing ( 106 ) is provided. Press according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the eccentric shaft ( 20 ) additionally in the inner end walls ( 48 ) the side stand ( 4 ) in radial / axial bearings ( 49 ) is supported. Press according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the two pressure eccentrics ( 202 ) each via a pressure roller ( 182 ) and the stroke eccentric ( 201 ) via a lifting roller ( 181 ) with the pressure piece ( 18 ) cooperate, and that the lifting roller ( 181 ) in an eccentric shaft ( 20 ) spanning bridge ( 180 ) of the pressure piece ( 18 ) is stored while the pressure rollers ( 182 ) on the opposite side of the eccentric shaft in the pressure piece ( 18 ) are stored. Press according to claim 16, characterized in that the Pressure and lifting rollers against the peripheral surfaces of the associated eccentric are held pressed with a defined preload, which at least 1.5 times the inertial load of the pressure piece is.