DE102004013515A1 - Method and device for painting small parts - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for painting small parts, in which free-flowing small parts are circulated in a machine in the spray of at least one spray gun and proposes the use of advantageous development of such a method that the small parts (2) on rods (6) by linear conveying and raiding effect of separating trough strip (5) and conveyed through a separating section of the trough strip (5) into a painting section (L) in the region of the spray jet of the spray gun (3), within which painting section (L) is pierced by a perforation of bars (Fig. 6) from the trough (8) facing away from the air is sucked. DOLLAR A The invention further relates to a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention and moreover a rod for a trough band of a trough conveyor, in particular for the aforementioned device or for the aforementioned method.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method for painting small parts, in the pourable small parts in a machine in the area of the spray jet of at least one spray gun circulated become.

at a known method of this kind is the small parts for coating in a suitable amount filled in a painting drum, whereupon The drum is closed and rotating to circulate the small parts is driven. The painting is done by a in the Drum provided spray gun. Their spray is on the in the area of the drum interior formed from the added amount of small parts Heap directed, with the spray jet facing pile surface according to of the circulation from temporally changing surface areas various small parts is formed. Although small parts as bulk material already painted with the known method on all sides, is the case discontinuous painting operation as disadvantageous in view of the purchase-related downtime of the painting device and felt the discontinuous Teileaustrag. To face, too Downtime to improve the economy consists the endeavor, if possible size Enter part quantities into the drum. On the other hand, an increasing difficulty Batch size in the Drum through the circulation to achieve a suitable mixing in such a way that all surfaces the small parts of the spray can be achieved without an impermissibly high level at certain surface areas Paint layer is created.

From that The present invention is based on the object, to improve the use of a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, so that a continuous painting operation with continuous Discharge of small parts with as even order as possible a lacquer layer is made possible.

This object is achieved first and foremost in conjunction with the features of claim 1, which is based on the fact that the small parts poured onto bars of a trough belt which separates by linear conveying and raid action and by a separating section of the trough belt into a painting section in the area of the spray jet Be promoted spray gun, within which Lackierabschnittes by a local perforation of rods from the side facing away from the trough air is sucked. In the method according to the invention, the small parts, even if they are supplied to the trough band irregularly or batchwise or even dumped as a pile on this, the spray gun supplied in a sufficiently isolated by the separating section for a continuous painting current. Starting from a heaped in the conveying direction of the trough band at the beginning, for example, heaps set upon rotation of the trough band by linear conveying and raid effect of small parts gradually increasing extension of the heap and thus, compared with the heap situation, a separation of the small parts. The degree of separation that can be achieved until reaching the spray gun can be influenced, for example, by the choice of the length of the separating section and by adjusting the parameters determining the linear conveying and the raid effect of the trough strip. It is not necessary that the separation of the small parts leads to an even isolated in the extreme situation of the same. Rather, it is advantageous if the achieved when reaching the Lackierabschnittes dicing of the bulk material is suitably adapted to the nature of the hardware and the operation of the spray gun in such a way that when passing through the Lackierabschnittes just an all-round, uniform as possible paint job is created on the hardware. It may be sufficient if the small parts, also depending on their shape and the distance covered by the distance traveled, the spray gun in an example. About two- to three-layer pass, on the other hand, however, deviations are possible. It may also be sufficient if the small parts are loosely and irregularly layered in several layers, so that they can barely be counted or estimated by an observer despite the layering being largely exposed. On the other hand, the extent of the separation is also expediently based on the fact that small parts circulated over several layers can still be sufficiently flowed through by the air extracted in the painting section from the side facing away from the recess, so that initially sprayed mist with the exhaust air is distributed in the painting section of the recess the bulk material is still supplied. The bulk material acts advantageously as a kind of filter on which the otherwise leading to contamination of the machine spray is deposited as a desired coating order. Analogously, this leads to the fact that the exhaust air is cleaned by unwanted paint particles therein before leaving the machine. With regard to their circulation, the exhaust air flow flowing around the pourable small parts is furthermore of importance for a desired drying as short as possible or at least drying of the lacquer layer on the small parts, so that damage does not occur as a result of the circulation. Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the spray gun in a trough cross Cut the trough band with their spray on a rising in the strip running direction cross-sectional area of the trough band, in particular near the rising trough side vertex directed. In the vicinity of this region in the trough cross section, depending on the nature of the small parts, the highest level reached by them when they are dragged through the trough band, from where it by the varanlasste by gravity raid effect to a generally away from the trough band downward movement of the small parts over the small parts being towed up from the trough wall at this time. With the above-mentioned orientation of the spray is thus it is sufficient for freshly painted surface areas of the small parts of the period in which the downward movement takes place, as a period for drying available. There is also the possibility that the spray gun is reciprocating parallel to the conveying direction of the pourable small parts, wherein the travel speed can be greater than the conveying speed, preferably as a multiple thereof, can be selected. The Lackierbereich gains in length, and this is also useful for the application of very thin layers of paint and in view of the continuous circulation to equalize the paint application. Alternatively or in combination, it may also be expedient for a plurality of spray guns to be used side by side in the conveying direction for painting. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, hot air can be blown into the trough in the separating section of the trough strip upstream of the spray gun in the conveying direction through a hole of rods of the trough strip there. The warm supply air already causes during the supply of the pourable small parts to the painting and their isolation also heating the same, so that the drying behavior is promoted in the Lackierabschnitt again. In addition or alternatively, hot air can also be blown into the depression in a conveying pistol in the conveying direction following drying section of the trough strip through a possible there punching of bars of the trough strip, which flows around the painted bulkable small parts therein. Also, in the various aforementioned variants of the air duct, the exhaust air flow of the air extracted in the painting section can be dimensioned such that a negative pressure is created at least in the depression section associated with the spray gun or pistols, so that spray mist does not escape laterally therefrom. It is further preferred that a troughed belt is used for the method according to the invention, the edges of which are each guided around a circular disk parallel to a reference plane or around a ring parallel to the reference plane, and the conveying speed in the conveying direction by pivoting the reference plane or in that the lateral guide elements lying parallel to the reference plane are adjusted by at least one or more pivot axes perpendicular to the conveying direction, reference being made to the following description for the function and preferred embodiments. When using such a troughed belt, the pourable small parts can be reached unhindered by the spray of a fixed spray gun, and by one or possibly multi-axis pivoting of the reference plane - as explained below - the conveying speed of the small parts of the turn variable speed of rotation of the trough strip also independent be adjusted sensitively. Furthermore, in the trough formed by the trough, the degree of separation or the layer height of the small parts can also be influenced in a targeted manner by a suitably adapted design and / or orientation of the end-side ring serving as a discharge nozzle. Thus, for example, to achieve a backwater in the trough and thus a greater layer height of the workpieces in particular the rotation angle of the reference plane E and the cheeks to the horizontal axis of rotation negative, preferably to about 6 ° negative, are set, whereby the outlet nozzle or ring stands diagonally upwards. To reinforce this effect, for example, there is also the possibility that the outlet nozzle is extended by a suitable amount for targeted inhibition of the partial flow, which also makes it easier to emptying the machine. There is also the possibility that the degree of separation of the pourable small parts in the painting section is influenced by a variable in their width discharge aperture. This can be used, for example, at the end of the drying section in the conveying path of the small parts and, depending on the passage, quasi also form a weir for the pourable small parts, depending on the amount of a limited backlog for the defined setting of the degree of separation in Lackierabschnitt results. The possibly even temporary use of such a Ausblagblende and / or the above-mentioned possibilities for influencing the degree of dissipation can be appropriate, for example, even when starting the method according to the invention.

The The invention further relates to a device for painting pourable small parts, comprising a spray gun in a region of a circulation device, suitable for circulating the Small parts during of painting as bulk material.

With regard to the state of the art, reference is also made in this regard to the painting devices with closed painting drum which have already been mentioned in advance of the method according to the invention. Based on this, the present invention has the object, devices of the preceding This known type of use is advantageously further developed so that it enables a continuous painting operation with continuous discharge of pourable small parts.

These Task is first and substantially solved by the subject matter of claim 10, the it turns off that the circulation device a for separating the small parts by linear conveying and raid effect suitable, transverse to the conveying direction drivable, endless, flexible trough band of a variety having parallel bars, in that the trough strip precedes a spray gun in the conveying direction Singling section and one of the spray gun assigned Lackierabschnitt comprises, wherein rods of the trough band at least have a perforation in the Lackierabschnitt and in the Lackierabschnitt on the side of the rods facing away from the trough an air suction is provided for sucking air through the rods. Thereby, that the trough band at least in the singulation section to a already described in connection with the method according to the invention Separation of pourable small parts is suitable, the painting section regardless of whether the bulk material continuously, batchwise or possibly even at longer intervals heaps is introduced into the device, a continuous flow of small parts at predominantly exposed surface supplied to the same. By the for the painting device according to the invention Furthermore, also characteristic air extraction in the Lackierabschnitt are also, as already stated, also in one in the trough undesirable distributed spray contained Paint particles used for painting. Due to the open in cross section Trough, in contrast to a closed cross-section, becomes more direct unhindered access of the spray jet a spray gun to the pourable small parts allows the spray gun also during of the circulation and painting operation (for example, to change their attitude) stays and independent adjusted by the circulation device or, for example, is movable. Preferably, the spray gun of the Device according to the invention have a number of different, replaceable spray heads, to a generation of different spray images with, for example Flat or round cross-section are adjusted. It is preferably provided that the spray gun in a trough cross-section in terms of spray direction on a rising in the strip running direction cross-sectional area the trough band, in particular near the rising trough side vertex, aligned is. To itself, as well as from the following preferred Ausgestaltungen resulting effects is also on the preceding explanation referenced corresponding features of the method according to the invention. Prefers is also that a plurality of spray guns in the conveying direction are arranged side by side. Alternatively or in combination, at least a spray gun on a drive having carriage parallel to the conveying direction be moved back and forth, the traversing speed preferably significantly larger than the conveying speed his and the spray ejection the paint mist optionally only in one or both directions of travel can be done. In the spray gun upstream in the conveying direction Singling section can be an outside of the troughed tape to closing preheating be provided. One opposite the troughed non-contact Preheating can for example by heat radiation or, for example, inductively, but preferably by a Warm air supply means, by means of which then also In the separating section provided perforation of the rods warm air is blown into the hollow interior. Also, the trough strap a the spray gun in the conveying direction subsequent drying section with a local hole of rods include, in which one outside adjoining the trough band Drying device, preferably another hot air supply device, can be provided. With regard to the aforementioned features is further preferred that the suction device in relation to the hot air supply each about twice the length in the conveying direction having.

For expedient development it can be provided that the edges of the trough strip for forming the trough are each guided around a circular disk parallel to a reference plane or around a ring parallel to the reference plane, wherein the reference plane or the lateral guide elements lying parallel to the reference plane by means of at least one Pivoting means, in particular by means of two pivoting means, about one of the respective pivoting means respectively associated, to the conveying direction vertical pivot axis is pivotable. The example. Possible closer structure and operation of such a trough strip itself is in the EP 0 609 661 A1 described. In the context of the present invention, it is possible for the separating section, the painting section and the drying section to be realized on a trough strip continuous in the conveying direction or alternatively on a plurality of trough strips arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction. With regard to said pivotability, a first pivoting device may be adapted to pivot the reference plane about a horizontal pivot axis and a second pivot means to pivot the reference plane about a vertical pivot axis. Also, one or more pivoting devices for remote adjustment can each have a pivoting movement effecting actuator and a transmission means by means of the actuator is remotely controllable by an actuator. As a control element, a longitudinal piston and a Bowden cable as a transmission means may be appropriate, but other equal or similar acting aids are to be considered. For edge management of the trough band, guide elements can be provided on cheeks which are in the conveying direction at the front, parallel to the reference plane, and the cheeks can each be held rotatably about the one of the two pivot axes in an intermediate frame. In this context, the respective intermediate frame in turn can be rotatably supported on a frame about the other of the two pivot axes, so that the projected intersection of the two pivot axes with respect to a Muldenbandquerschnittes at least approximately in the middle of the trough. In this way, a relative movement of the bulkable small parts to be painted with respect to the spray nozzles can be largely avoided when adjusting the pivot angle. At the same time is achieved by the above-explained embodiment in which connect the two pivot axes orthogonal to each other to the intermediate frame, a space-saving design in the manner of an upright gimbal (gimbal) achieved. At the trough band edges, both pivot axes can extend at least approximately in the edge plane, so that the trough always remains in the horizontal position when the pivot angle changes.

to further expedient embodiment be provided that the trough band a plurality in the conveying direction parallel bars has, whose ends each with one of two troughbandrandseitigen endless strands are connected, with the ends about a parallel to the orbit first pivot axis and about a right angle to the first pivot axis, second pivot axis are pivotally held. This makes possible, that the bars also when swinging the reference plane from one to the conveying direction vertical position to each other in the conveying direction can remain parallel, while at the same time dependent on the location on the circumference of the trough axial Movement of the bars allowed becomes. In a purposeful embodiment, in the context of the present invention also of independent importance there is a possibility that on the endless strands respectively Hinges projecting transversely to the orbit in the trough strip direction attached with flat cross-section, each at your top a kinking within the plane, preferably one opposite Circulation movement direction of the trough band kinking, tongue end exhibit. In connection therewith it can be provided that to the Tumble belt rods in at length end areas transverse to the rod longitudinal direction extending walls each have an insertion opening with a flat cross-section is formed, by means of which the walls in each case to a Einhakzunge pushed and it in rod longitudinal direction by moving can be locked in the direction of rotation of the trough band. In the direction of rotation the spacing of the hooks can be so on the cross section of the Tuned bars be that the, in cross-section, if necessary, also curved, gap between two adjacent bars the trough band of lesser width than the summed width of a provided perforation of the rods transverse to the rod longitudinal direction is. For An air supply or removal thereby arises in the area of the bar walls one opposite the Stabzwischenfugen lower flow cross section, so that the air supply and discharge over the Stabwandungen away made uniform through the perforation can. Furthermore, on at least one edge of the trough band an adjusting device may be provided which is an adjustment of the Distance between the two cheeks allowed. This can be the cheek distance for the Operation of the device, for example. On a comparatively smaller Dimension set be, whereby the tongue ends of the Einhakzungen in terms of Staff longitudinally with length reserve in lateral positive connection with the edges of the flat cross-section having insertion of the bars be held so that the rods secured against falling out or unintentional removal are. On the other hand, with the adjustment of the cheek distance across from be increased to the aforementioned distance, so that the Einhakzungen the flat insertion only with a small length, preferably to prevent falling out only with the bent end, go through and the bars after being unhooked in the direction of rotation, taking advantage of, for example, one lateral play of the strands from these solvable are. Accordingly, in reverse order in this cheek distance a simple assembly of rods the strands respectively. Is appropriate For example, if the adjusting a to the intermediate frame held to its distance adjustment to the cheek or the Frame has one of the two pivot axes rotatable eccentric.

The rods can be aligned with a relatively short distance with respect to their longitudinal direction, for example, in an appropriate adjustment of the side cheeks that their opposite Längenendbereiche, in particular the front side, each form stops for a provided with movement start of counterstops on the strands and / or cheeks. Thus, with respect to the direction of rotation of the trough band lateral guidance of the rods, for example, by a plurality of each one bar end associated counter-attacks done, for example. In the form of a tab to the lateral strands, eg. on chains, are attached. Alternatively or in combination, separate guide elements can preferably be provided in the region of the trough, which are attached to the two cheeks respectively fixed to the inner side facing the trough and which form a continuous contact surface for a plurality of straight, passing bar ends.

As already mentioned in connection with the above is preferred in that the strips forming the trough strip are made of a flat material, in particular made of sheet metal, with a plurality of small passage openings are formed. Such a perforation can, for example, in the Essentially entire or just about a part of the rod length extend. The width of a troughed tape bar is preferred significantly larger than the cross section of a through hole chosen and may in particular be a multiple of the same. A single one Through opening may preferably have a round cross section, but alternatively also have a flattened, polygonal or the like cross-section. With regard to the shaping, it is further preferred that the flat material in a cross section of the bar of the trough a straight central portion has, on which one side, preferably in the circumferential direction of movement of the Muldenbandes front side, one at an acute angle to the bottom the center portion kinking first edge portion and him opposite to Top of the center section towards a V-shaped second edge portion followed. By suitably tight juxtaposition of the rods can be achieved that the preferably rounded Abknickbereich the first edge portion articulated in the interior of the V-shaped second edge portion engages a neighboring rod. An expedient development of the device according to the invention is also possible by that the trough strip with respect to conveying direction at the end about a ring-like Werkstückaustragshülse in particular through it plug-in reducers variable discharge cross section guided is. According to one In yet another aspect, an automation device may be provided be, by which an optional predetermined, coordinated Control and / or regulation of the rotational speed of the troughed belt and / or the pivot angle of the reference plane about the pivot axes and / or the spraying device or spray gun and / or the preheating device and / or the Drying device, in particular also temporally variable, it is possible. In particular, such an automation device can also be used a computer connected or equipped and for storage and for the demand-oriented call of also time-variable driving programs serve, where in the driving programs for each specific painting jobs favorable settings of operating parameters are assignable to each other.

Regarding all Aspects of the present invention adhere to the concept of painting also over the processing of so-called "lacquers" is wider Meaning too. The term varnishing here concludes from its desired Rather, meaning also the possible Order of various kinds of coatings on the small parts with one. In addition to paints come as such coatings preferably Gleitbeschichtungen, for example, lubricants for sealing rings, O-rings and The like, fats, for example. Silicone fats and other products, the Further also coatings of corrosion protection u.s.w. in Consideration. As far as the term varnishing in its more general Meaning extends to a coating, can be appropriate instead of a lying in the trough band painting also from a Be spoken coating section.

The The invention also relates to a bar for a troughed belt of a troughed belt conveyor, especially for a painting apparatus described above or for a vorherhend described painting process. This becomes the use-advantageous Design of the rod turned off that it is made of flat material is formed, whose cross section has a straight mine section, on which one side at an acute angle to the bottom of the center section kinking, first edge section and it opposite to the top of the Mid-section towards a V-shaped second edge portion is connected. For appropriate design can be provided that within in the Längenendbereichen transverse to the longitudinal direction extending walls each have an insertion opening with a flat cross-section is formed, wherein the flat cross section at least approximately extends parallel to the center section. It is also preferable that the flat material, in particular sheet metal, with a large number smaller Through openings is provided.

The The present invention will now be described with reference to the attached figures. which represent a merely preferred embodiment, described in more detail. It shows:

1 in perspective, schematically the device according to the invention for painting bulk solids in a preferred embodiment;

2 in longitudinal view of the device according to the invention for painting of bulk solids according to a further preferred embodiment, with the housing closed;

3 the longitudinal view to 2 , but with removed cladding;

4 a side view in the direction of IV after 3 ;

5 a side view in the direction V after 3 ;

5a a partial section along section line Va-Va in 5 ;

6 a sectional view taken along section line VI-VI in 3 ;

7 a sectional view taken along section line VII-VII in 3 ;

8th a detailed view in the direction of VIII after 6 ;

9 a partial section along section line IX-IX in 8th ;

10 a partial plan view in the direction X after 8th ;

11 a partial sectional top view in the direction XI after 8th ;

12 a perspective view of in 8th shown arrangement;

13 a schematic side view of a device for pivoting the reference plane about a horizontal axis;

14 an enlargement of the detail XIV-XIV in 13 ;

15 a schematic plan view of a device for pivoting the reference plane about a vertical axis;

16 an enlargement of detail XVI-XVI in 15 ;

17 a plan view of an adjustment for cheek distance adjustment in the direction XVII 6 on the other hand enlarged;

18 one opposite 3 enlarged side view of a spray gun in a preferred embodiment;

19 a front view of the spray gun in the direction XIX after 18 and

20 an enlarged view of the schematically reproduced section XX in 6 , when painting isolated small parts.

1 shows in a perspective schematically the device according to the invention 1 according to a preferred embodiment for the painting of pourable small parts 2 , The device 1 includes a spray gun 3 , which are attached to a (drawing in 1 not reproduced) holder in a Lackierabschnitt L a for circulating the small parts 2 during painting suitable circulation device 4 is attached. The circulation device 4 has a transversely to a conveying direction F drivable, endless, flexible trough belt 5 from a multitude of parallel bars 6 , whose two-sided ends each articulated on endless strands 7 are held. For forming a trough extending in the conveying direction F. 8th is in the example shown in the direction of the left, ie at the beginning of the conveyor line, lying strand 7 around a circular disk parallel to a reference plane E 9 and the right in the direction of view, ie at the end of the conveyor line, lying strand 7 around a to the reference plane E also in the circular cross section parallel ring 10 guided. Moreover, to guide the trough band 5 within a parallel to the plane E cross-section on both sides in each case one for the rotary drive of the strands 7 serving drive roller 11 and two guide rollers 12 provided, which, as explained below, with the associated circular disk 9 or the ring 10 on cheeks parallel to plane E 14 are held. The reference plane E falls in the in 1 chosen representation with a surface or extension of one of the two parallel cheeks together. A swiveling of the cheeks 14 leads accordingly to a pivoting of the reference plane E. The reference plane E or parallel to its cheeks 14 are in the example shown by two to the conveying direction F respectively perpendicular and at the same time mutually perpendicular pivot axes X, Z pivoted, starting from a plane perpendicular to the conveying direction F reference plane a pivot angle α about the horizontal axis X and a pivot angle β to the vertical Can be removed pivot axis Z. Pivoting about one or both of said pivot axes, which can preferably be achieved by means of pivoting devices explained below with reference to the following figures, causes the rods 6 in a drive of the troughed belt 5 in the circumferential direction, ie transversely to the conveying direction F, at the same time a dependent on its peripheral position, thus oscillating over a circulation movement in the conveying direction F learn what the said articulated support of the rods 6 on the strands 7 is possible. Small parts to be painted 2 , which are initially in the bottom of the hollow 8th are determined by such a multi-dimensional movement of the rods 6 on the one hand in the circumferential direction U with raised until further entrainment is prevented by gravity and they by the resul mating raiding effect again on deeper lying in the trough bars 6 fall. On the other hand, as in 1 exemplified by arrows, the ascending entrainment in the circumferential direction U to the attack also causes a proportionate linear conveying movement in the conveying direction F, so that when repeated repetition of rise and fall back a zig-zag or spiral movement results by the horizontal portion of the pourable small parts 2 the circulation device 4 in the conveying direction F go through. About a mere transport of the pourable small parts 2 In addition, it is important for the painting device according to the invention that a trough strip, which superimposed effecting a linear conveying and an overturning, is also suitable for separating the small parts. If on the trough band 5 , as in 1 indicated at the beginning of the conveyor line, heaps a comparatively larger amount of pourable small parts 2 given up, for example, is tipped, this leads to the fact that it is at the same time to a quasi-expiring movement of small parts with ongoing circulation of the heap 2 comes in conveying direction F. The gradual expansion or quasi-stretching of the heap in the conveying direction F has a gradual separation of the small parts which increases with the conveying path 2 As a result, in the conveying direction F a running number decrease of the small parts 2 layers formed on top of each other or their number per area brings with it. At the in 1 shown arrangement, with only qualitative representation, starting from the on the conveyor start of the trough band 5 Tilted pile of small parts 2 , after going through the hardware 2 achieved by a separating section V a degree of separation with predominantly exposed surface, which is suitable for painting the small parts 2 by means of the spray gun 3 in the subsequent painting L is suitable. By a transport or drying section T are the painted small parts 2 until the end of the circulation device 4 from where in the example chosen by the sleeve-like ring 10 an exit of the finished small parts 2 takes place from the painting. Analogously, at the beginning of the conveyor line instead of in 1 proposed closed circular disc 9 also be provided a ring having an open cross-section. This would in particular also make it possible to give up preferably long, slender components in the longitudinal direction through the said ring into the trough of the trough strip, ie to supply them to the trough in the axial direction. In the 1 inserted rods 6 of the trough band 5 have in their the paint section L associated length area evenly distributed over its surface holes comparatively small size, wherein the extension of the perforated portions is indicated by a dot pattern and may extend in a further preferred embodiment, over the entire rod length. During operation of the device can through these holes from the trough 8th Air is sucked away on the opposite side, which will be discussed in more detail below. As in 1 further illustrated, the paint spray of the spray gun 3 on small parts 2 in the area of the rising trough side vertex 15 directed, so that even during the subsequent downward movement subsequent period for drying the lacquer layer is available.

2 shows a longitudinal view of the device according to the invention 1 in a further preferred embodiment. The device has an outer housing closed therein 17 on which one 1 surrounds comparable arrangement of a circulating device with spray gun. Shown is a feed opening 18 , by the pourable small parts of the circulation device at the beginning of the conveyor line evenly or batchwise, for example. By tipping, can be supplied. The through the feed opening 18 arrived small parts slip on a slope 19 down towards the trough bottom. Along an upper housing section are adjacent two upward swinging viewing window 20 provided by which the recirculation and painting is observed. Within their reach are two actuators 21 . 22 arranged in the form of rotary levers, by means of their respective associated pivoting the reference plane E, or the cheeks 14 Synchronously about a pivot axis are rotatable. On the right in the direction of the edge, ie at the end of the conveyor line, is also the sleeve-like ring 10 to recognize, by which the painted small parts are discharged.

3 also gives the in 2 selected viewing direction again, but deviating the outer casing 17 is removed. For 3 and the following figures, a pivotal adjustment of the reference plane E is chosen, in which the plate-shaped cheeks 14 are aligned perpendicular to the conveying direction F. In the resulting view of the trough band 5 it should be noted that the view in a lower area initially falls on a lying before the trough band section, while above the associated apex line 23 the back of the trough rising band section is visible. Under the removed outer casing 17 enters a frame 24 and an engine 38 for the rotary drive of two coupled by Kardangelenkstangen drive rollers 11 (see. 6 . 7 ) is held. The motor 38 is at the left in the line of sight, in 3 concealed cheek 14 attached, so that he can follow all the movements in the angular settings. The drive rollers as well as in the same plane lying guide rollers 12 have in the selected embodiment a toothing, which engages with the here chains formed as chains 7 stands. The drive and guide rollers, as well as serving for Muldenausformung circular disc or the ring rotatably supporting cheeks 14 are (in the direction of 3 concealed) in the frame sides in an upright gimbal recorded, whereupon in conjunction with the 13 to 16 will be discussed in more detail. As also described there, the reference plane E, or the cheeks 14 , By rotation of the actuator 21 around the horizontal pivot axis X and by rotation of the actuator 22 independently of this about the vertical pivot axis Z by means of intermediate Bowden cables 25 . 26 be pivoted by remote control. In the selected embodiment, the actuators act 21 . 22 over the Bowden cables 25 . 26 on the cheek in the left direction 14 a, while for synchronization with the right cheek the respective pivoting associated push rods 27 . 28 are provided. On the frame 24 is in the conveying direction F about half the length with an adjustable tripod arm 29 the spray gun 3 kept adjustable in their position and orientation. In its illustrated orientation, it enters the trough band 5 formed trough, so that in the viewing direction lying in front Muldenbandabschnitt for presentation starting from the apex line 23 broke up. In the longitudinal or conveying direction of the circulating device is the spray gun 3 assigned a Lackierabschnitt L, in which the painting of (in 1 not shown with) small parts. On the length or part thereof, the width of the spray is tuned, as well as in possibly several juxtaposed spray guns, their number and distance. Preceded in the conveying direction F is the separating section V, while a drying section T then extends to the painting section L. At the in 3 illustrated embodiment, the rods 6 of the trough band 5 evenly distributed fine holes over the entire length, as can be seen schematically from the enlarged detail "X" 8th by means of a side facing away from this and the rear side of the trough band subsequent air suction device 30 To suck off air or an air-color mist mixture. On the other hand, in the separating section V from a first hot air supply means 31 and / or in the drying section T from a local second hot air supply device 32 If necessary, warm air, if necessary also at different temperature and quantity, through the holes 16 be blown into the hollow (see also 4 . 6 and 7 ).

4 shows the device after 3 in a side view according to viewing direction IV. The thus visible cheek 14 is first by means of a pivot bearing 33 about the vertical pivot axis ZZ rotatably in an intermediate frame 34 held while the intermediate frame 34 in turn by means of pivot bearings 35 about the horizontal pivot axis XX rotatably mounted on the frame 24 is held. Within the cheek plane is a pivot bearing 36 arranged for the storage of a rear view in the direction of the circular disk 9 (see. 1 ) leading to the trough band 5 in the area of the trough 8th serves. More pivot bearings 37 are leadership roles 12 of the trough band 5 assigned. The motor 38 is the two in principle also 1 to be removed drive rollers 11 for driving the trough band 5 assigned. The in 4 visible cheek 14 assigned drive roller 11 can be driven directly by the engine in particular. Through a recess in the cheek 14 are one of the air suction device 30 assigned air exhaust pipe 39 and the hot air supply 31 . 32 associated air supply pipes 40 . 41 passed.

5 shows the device 1 in one too 4 opposite side view in the direction V to 3 , The leadership roles 12 associated pivot bearing are also here with reference numerals 37 named. The on the cheek cheek 14 arranged (hidden in the direction of view) drive roller 11 is a pivot bearing 42 assigned, with the respective drive rollers 11 the two cheeks 14 for torque transmission by means of a (not graphically reproduced) propeller shaft are connected. The for guiding the trough band 5 and through its inner opening for the discharge of small parts 2 serving ring 10 is in a passage opening of the cheek 14 by means of three evenly distributed on the circumference support rollers 43 rotatably received. 5a shows that the support rollers 43 at its periphery ever a groove 44 in which one on the ring 10 outside circumferential projection engages to achieve axial positive engagement. A comparable support can also be provided at the beginning of the conveying path or the trough strip at an annular insertion sleeve provided there in the form of a closed circular disk, which is provided there instead of the closed circular disk shown in the figures.

6 shows as a sectional view along sectional plane VI-VI in 3 a cross section of the device 1 within the separating section V. In it is (as well as in 7 ) the trough band 5 simplistic, in particular without drawing resolution of individual bars, shown, while in this regard details the 8th to 12 can be seen. Nevertheless, it is indicated that the trough band 5 with its two edges, here formed as a chain endless strands 7 in mesh with the respective drive rollers 11 and leadership roles 12 stands. In contrast, the ring 10 and those at the opposite overlying cheek 14 attached disc 9 no teeth on their respective outer guide circumference. To the leadership of the trough band 5 and its meshing with the drive rollers 11 and each upper guide rollers 12 to support are on both cheeks 14 each at the directed to the trough inside guide elements 46 appropriate. The guide elements 46 To prevent malfunctions, they have the function of preventing workpieces from reaching the area of the lateral tension cords of the trough band. In 6 is shown that the hot air supply 31 to the trough band 5 the hollow 8th facing away from under and is connected back. This is a box-like housing 47 provided, which is below a Luftleitgitters used therein 48 funnel-like up to the connection cross-section at the air supply pipe 40 rejuvenated. In the selected embodiment, the second hot air supply device associated with the drying section T has 32 (see also 3 ) a comparable structure with connection to the air supply pipe 41 on. Furthermore, the in 7 in a cross section of the painting section L shown Luftabsaugeinrichtung 30 constructed in a similar way. At the in the direction of the 6 and 7 visible cheek 14 are, the circulation device 4 facing, each upper and lower side ever an adjustment 49 attached, which is an adjustment of the distance between the opposite cheeks 14 , in particular for easy assembly and disassembly of rods 6 of the trough band 5 , allow (see also 17 ). To increase the Abstandsverstellbereiches such adjustment can also on the opposite cheek 14 to be available. An adjusting device 49 provides an adjustable side-to-side connection between a cheek 14 and the intermediate frame 34 It is with a holding plate 50 on a cheek 14 screwed. From the retaining plate 50 go to a console 51 with a circular opening, in which a made in the example of plastic rotary part 52 with a portion suitably offset from the diameter of the opening 53 is rotatably inserted. The turned part 52 in turn has a bore which is eccentric to its axis of symmetry and through which a to the intermediate frame 34 held pin 55 positively engages. By twisting the in the console 51 mounted rotary part 52 thus can the distance between the cheek 14 and the intermediate frame 34 be set. The turned part 52 so far one through the pin 55 Also held on the intermediate frame eccentric (eccentricity "e"), which is about the pivot axis ZZ of the pivot bearing 33 is rotatable, on the other hand, there is also the possibility of securing a selected rotational position.

The preferred construction of the trough band will be described with reference to FIGS 8th to 12 described in more detail. 8th shows a section of the trough band 5 in the direction of VIII after 6 , The parallel in the conveying direction F rods 6 are at their ends each with an endless strand 7 connected, which in the example chosen from a double roller chain 56 is formed. This has two parallel, by means of continuous chain pins 57 linked chain tracks 58 . 59 on, of which the bars 6 facing away chain track 59 for meshing with the drive and guide rollers 11 . 12 serves. The further chain lane 58 is one-sided, the bars 6 facing, with frontal special tabs 60 executed. To each a special flap 60 is by means of a screw 61 a holding part 62 screwed, from which there is a hooking tongue projecting transversely to the direction of rotation U in the direction of the trough strip 63 extends. This has a flat cross-section with a respective end bent to its tip within the plane of the tongue end 64 , From the assignment of 8th to 6 it turns out that the ends of the tongue 64 at the selected mounting position against the circumferential direction of movement U of the trough band 5 bend. At the bars 6 of the trough band 5 are in within Längenendbereichen transverse to the rod longitudinal direction extending walls 65 one insertion opening each 66 formed with a flat cross-section, which walls 65 each on a hooking tongue 63 slidable and in rod longitudinal direction by moving in the direction of rotation U of the trough band 5 are lockable. As 10 clarifies, points the holding part 62 a tongue 67 on, the rotationally positive fit between the ends of two chain pins 57 attacks. The 11 and 12 make it clear that the rods 6 of the trough band 5 from a flat material, here from sheet metal, with a multiplicity of small passage openings 68 are formed. 11 is specifically to be seen that the flat material has a straight center section 69 has, on which on one side a bent at an acute angle to the bottom first edge portion 70 and opposite to it a closed to the top, V-shaped second edge portion 71 followed. Between adjacent bars 6 is by the bending or curvature region of the first edge portion in the through the second edge portion 71 formed recess, a joint-like support provided, wherein the remaining, bent in cross-section groove between two adjacent bars 6 of lesser width than the summed width of the through holes 68 is transverse to the rod longitudinal direction. In the 8th . 9 and 12 is one through the example. In the 6 and 7 illustrated adjusting device 49 selected setting of a comparatively small distance between the cheeks 14 underlying in which the Einhakzungen 63 the walls 65 with such a large length reserve pass through that a hooking out of rods 6 not possible. Between the tabs 60 the double roller chain 56 and the front of the bars 6 remains at this setting only a small distance, so that the rods 6 are aligned in their longitudinal direction to a small movement play.

The 13 to 16 show schematically the arrangement and operation of the two pivoting devices, for pivoting the reference plane E and the two cheeks 14 around the horizontal pivot axes XX and the vertical pivot axes serve ZZ. Here are the refer 13 . 14 on a in the direction of the 2 . 3 lying side view, in which a pivoting movement with the angle α around the respective horizontal pivot axes XX is visible. For clarity, the front in the viewing direction vertical spars of the frame 24 and the two intermediate frames 34 in each case removed or broken away above its lower end. In order to achieve a pivoting movement, one on a rotary lever of the actuator 21 caused rotation of a Bowden cable 25 in a corresponding input or extension movement of a piston 72 Transfer that in one to the rack 24 salaried cylinder 73 is movable. The piston 72 engages articulated to the intermediate frame 34 on, so that the necessary during a movement movement angle compensation is made possible. With the intermediate frame 34 also becomes the cheek rigidly received herein with respect to axis XX 14 pivoted about the axis XX. A corresponding pivoting movement of the cheek 14 about the axis XX is synchronous to the right cheek in the direction of view 14 transferred by both intermediate frames 34 by a respective hinged thereto push rod 27 are connected. According to the 15 . 16 becomes a swiveling movement of the cheeks 14 made about the vertical pivot axes ZZ in an analogous manner. The actuating device serves this purpose 22 that have a bowden cable 26 with one on the frame 34 salaried cylinder 74 or longitudinally guided piston 75 connected is. The piston 75 grip on the cheek 14 at. During an adjustment of the actuator 21 the frame 34 including the cheek 14 twisted, causes an adjustment of the actuator 21 a sole swinging of the cheek 14 relative to the intermediate frame 34 , Also with regard to the pivoting movement about the vertical axis ZZ is a synchronization of the two cheeks 14 by a push rod hinged on both sides 28 intended. The angle of rotation α about the horizontal pivot axis can be adjusted around the starting position by an interval of preferably -10 ° to + 10 °, while the interval of the angle β can be, for example, -6 ° to + 6 °. The within reach of the viewing window 20 arranged actuators 21 . 22 offer the possibility, during the painting operation by adjusting the angle α and / or β to tune the linear conveying and raiding effect of the circulating device so that a good painting result is obtained. Regardless, remains at an adjustment of the angle α and / or β, the horizontal position of the trough 8th receive. The necessary angle compensation of the bars 6 the trough band relative to the cheeks 14 leading strands 7 This is made possible by the insertion openings 66 of the bars 6 opposite the hooks 63 (see. 12 ) are dimensioned correspondingly larger for a required movement game. This results in the embodiment shown, a pivoting of the rod ends each about a parallel to the orbit U first axis and a perpendicular thereto second pivot axis.

18 shows in a side view relative to the preceding figures enlarged the spray gun 3 , At her case 76 are connections 77 intended for the supply of spray paint, control air and atomizing air. On a front nozzle 78 occurs a mixture of atomizing air and paint as a spray from a central outlet opening 79 out. By inclined outlet openings 80 For the shaping of the spray jet, air can be blown as needed.

The possible painting operation of pourable small parts 2 is in 20 shown. The spray of the spray gun 3 is on the small parts to be painted 2 in the area of the rising trough side vertex 15 directed, to which the hardware 2 be dragged from the trough band upwards. The movement of small parts resulting from the circulation 2 in the cross section of the trough 8th is simplifying indicated by solid arrows. To distinguish this is the leadership of the exhaust air from the air extraction 30 indicated by dashed arrows.

All disclosed features are (for itself) essential to the invention. In the disclosure of the application will hereby also the disclosure content of the associated / attached priority documents (Copy of the advance notice) fully included, too for the purpose, features of these documents in claims present Registration with.

Claims (35)

Method for painting small parts, in which free-flowing small parts are circulated in a machine in the area of the spray jet of at least one spray gun, characterized in that the small parts ( 2 ) on bars ( 6 ) of a linear conveyor and raid effect singling trough band ( 5 ) and by a separating section of the trough belt ( 5 ) in a Lackierabschnitt (L) in the region of the spray of the Spray gun ( 3 ), within which painting section (L) by a local perforation of rods ( 6 ) from the trough ( 8th ) away from the air side is sucked off. A method according to claim 1 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the spray gun ( 3 ) in a trough cross section of the trough strip ( 5 ) with its spray jet on a rising in the strip running direction cross-sectional area of the trough strip ( 5 ), in particular near the rising trough side vertex ( 15 ). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the spray gun ( 3 ) parallel to the conveying direction (F) of the small parts ( 2 ) is reciprocating method, wherein the travel speed is greater than the conveying speed, in particular a multiple of the same. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that a plurality of spray guns ( 3 ) in the conveying direction (F) are used side by side for painting. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that in the spray gun ( 3 ) in the conveying direction (F) upstream singulation section (V) of the trough strip ( 5 ) by a local perforation of rods ( 6 ) of the trough band ( 5 ) Hot air is blown into the trough. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that in one of the spray gun ( 3 ) in the conveying direction (F) subsequent drying section of the trough strip ( 5 ) by a local perforation of rods ( 6 ) of the trough band ( 5 ) Warm air into the trough ( 8th ) is blown. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the exhaust air flow of the air extracted in the painting section (L) is dimensioned such that at least in that of the spray gun ( 3 ) associated with depression portion creates a negative pressure. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that a trough strip ( 5 ) whose edges are used to form the trough ( 8th ) each about a to a reference plane (E) parallel circular disk ( 9 ) or around a ring parallel to the reference plane ( 10 ), and in that the conveying speed in the conveying direction (F) is adjusted by pivoting the reference plane (E) about at least one pivot axis (XX, ZZ) perpendicular to the conveying direction (F). Method according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the separation degree the pourable small parts in Lackierabschnitt (L) by a variable in the width Discharge is set. Apparatus for painting bulk solids, comprising a spray gun in a region of a circulation device, suitable for circulating the small parts during painting as bulk material, characterized in that the circulation device for separating the small parts ( 2 ) by linear conveying and raiding action, transversely to the conveying direction (F) drivable, endless, flexible trough belt ( 5 ) from a plurality of parallel bars ( 6 ) that the trough band ( 5 ) one of the spray gun ( 3 ) in the conveying direction (F) preceding singulation section (V) and one of the spray gun ( 3 ) associated Lackierabschnitt (L), wherein rods ( 6 ) of the trough band ( 5 ) at least in the Lackierabschnitt (L) have a perforation and in the Lackierabschnitt (L) on the trough ( 8th ) facing away from the bars ( 6 ) an air suction device ( 30 ) for sucking air through the rods ( 6 ) is provided. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the spray gun ( 3 ) has a number of different, replaceable spray heads, which are adapted to a generation of different spray patterns, in particular with flat or circular cross-section. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 and 11 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the spray gun ( 3 ) in a trough cross section with respect to the spray direction on a rising in the direction of tape travel cross-sectional area of the trough strip ( 5 ), in particular near the rising trough side vertex ( 15 ), is aligned. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 12 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that a plurality of spray guns ( 3 ) are arranged side by side in the conveying direction (F). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 13 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that at least one spray gun ( 3 ) can be moved back and forth parallel to the conveying direction (F) on a carriage having a drive. Device according to one or more of preceding claims 10 to 14 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that in the spray gun ( 3 ) upstream singulation section (V) one outside of the trough strip ( 5 ) subsequent preheating device, in particular a first hot air supply device ( 31 ), is provided. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 15 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the trough strip ( 5 ) one of the spray gun ( 3 ) in the conveying direction (F) subsequent drying section (T) with a local perforation of rods ( 6 ) in which an outside of the trough strip ( 5 ) subsequent drying device, in particular a second hot air supply device ( 32 ), is provided. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 16 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the suction device ( 30 ) in relation to the hot air supply means ( 31 . 32 ) each having about twice the length in the conveying direction (F). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the edges of the trough strip ( 5 ) to form the trough ( 8th ) each about a to a reference plane (E) parallel circular disk ( 9 ) or around a ring parallel to the reference plane ( 10 ), wherein the reference plane (E) by means of at least one pivoting device, in particular by means of two pivoting means about a pivoting device respectively associated, to the conveying direction (F) vertical pivot axis (XX, ZZ) is pivotable. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 18, characterized in that a first pivoting device to a pivoting of the reference plane (E) about a horizontal pivot axis (X-X) and a second pivoting device to pivot the reference plane (E) is adapted to a vertical pivot axis (Z-Z). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 19, characterized in that the pivoting means comprises a pivoting movement causing actuator and a transmission means by which the actuator by an actuator ( 21 . 22 ) is controllable. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 20 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that a longitudinally guided piston ( 72 . 75 ) and as a transmission means a Bowden cable ( 25 . 26 ) are provided. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 21, characterized in that for the edge guide of the trough strip ( 5 ) Guide elements at the end in the conveying direction, to the reference plane (E) parallel cheeks ( 14 ) are provided that the cheeks ( 14 ) in each case about one of the two pivot axes rotatable in an intermediate frame ( 34 ) and the intermediate frame ( 34 ) are in each case held pivotally on a frame about the other of the two pivot axes (XX, ZZ), wherein in particular the projected intersection of the two pivot axes lies at least approximately in the center of the depression. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 22 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that at the trough edges both pivot axes (X-X, Z-Z) at least approximately in the edge plane run. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 23, characterized in that the trough strip ( 5 ) a plurality in the conveying direction (F) parallel bars ( 6 ), whose ends are each provided with one of two trough edge edges, endless strands ( 7 ), the ends ( 7 ) are held pivotable about a first pivot axis parallel to the orbit and about a second pivot axis perpendicular to the first pivot axis. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 24 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that on the endless strands ( 7 ) each transverse to the orbit in Muldenbandstabrichtung projecting Einhakzungen ( 63 ) are fastened with flat cross-section, each of which at its tip a kinking within the flat plane, in particular a counter-Umlaufbewegungsrichtung of the trough strip kinking, tongue end ( 64 ) exhibit. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 25 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that on the bars ( 6 ) of the trough band ( 5 ) in longitudinal end regions extending transversely to the rod longitudinal direction walls ( 65 ) each have an insertion opening ( 66 ) is formed with a flat cross-section, which walls ( 65 ) each on a hook ( 64 ) and in rod longitudinal direction by moving in the direction of rotation (U) of the trough band ( 5 ) are lockable. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 26 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the gap between two adjacent bars ( 6 ) of Trough band ( 5 ) of lesser width than the summed width of the perforation of the rods ( 6 ) is transverse to the rod longitudinal direction. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 27 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that on at least one edge of the trough strip ( 5 ) an adjusting device ( 49 ) is provided, which is an adjustment of the distance between the cheeks ( 14 ), wherein it is provided in particular that the adjusting device ( 49 ) has a held on the intermediate frame, for the adjustment of distance to the cheek or the frame about one of the two pivot axes rotatable eccentric. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 28 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the rod ( 6 ) of a flat material, in particular of sheet metal, with a plurality of small passage openings ( 68 ) is trained. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 29 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the flat material in a cross section of the rod ( 6 ) a straight middle section ( 69 ), on which one side, in particular in the circumferential direction of movement (U) of the trough strip ( 5 ) at the front, at an acute angle to the underside of the middle section ( 69 ) kinking first edge portion ( 70 ) and opposite to it a V-shaped second edge portion closed to the top of the middle portion ( 71 ). Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 30 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the trough strip ( 5 ) in the conveying direction (F) is guided at the end to a ring-like Werkstückaustragshülse with in particular by therein insertable reducing sleeves variable Austragsquerschnitt. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims 10 to 31 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that an automation device is provided, which an optionally predetermined, coordinated control and / or regulation of the rotational speed of the trough belt ( 5 ) and / or the pivoting angle of the reference plane (E) about the pivot axes and / or the spraying device and / or the preheating device and / or the drying device, in particular also temporally variable causes. Bar for a trough conveyor of a trough conveyor, in particular for a device or a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bar ( 6 ) is formed of flat material, the cross section of a straight center section ( 69 ), on which on one side a bent at an acute angle to the bottom of the central portion of the first edge portion ( 70 ) and opposite to it a V-shaped second edge portion closed to the top of the middle portion ( 71 ) connected. Rod according to claim 33 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that within walls extending in the longitudinal end regions transverse to the longitudinal direction ( 65 ) each have an insertion opening ( 66 ) is formed with a flat cross-section, wherein the flat cross-section parallel to the middle section ( 69 ). Rod according to one or more of claims 33 and 34 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the flat material, in particular made of sheet metal, with a plurality of small passage openings ( 68 ) is provided.