DE10159417A1 - quick coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a quick coupling for coupling a tool to the boom of a hydraulic excavator and the like, with a quick coupling part on the boom side and a quick coupling part on the tool side, which can be locked together via a pair of spaced locking axes, and with an energy circuit coupling, in particular hydraulic coupling, for automatically coupling a tool side Energy connection to a cantilever-side energy connection, the energy circuit coupling having a cantilever-side energy coupling part and a tool-side energy coupling part which are arranged on the cantilever-side quick coupling part or the tool-side quick coupling part in such a way that they automatically couple with each other as soon as the two quick coupling parts about a first of the two locking axes in their Locking position can be pivoted together. According to the invention, the quick coupling is characterized in that a linear guide is assigned to the energy circuit coupling, which guides the two energy coupling parts linearly to one another in spite of the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts when coupling.

Description

The present invention relates to a quick coupling for coupling a Tool on the boom of a hydraulic excavator and the like, with a boom-side quick coupling part and a tool-side quick coupling ment part, which tore together via a pair of spaced locking axes are gelable, as well as an energy circuit coupling, in particular hydraulic coupling, for coupling an energy connection on the tool side to a bracket term energy connection, the energy circuit coupling on the boom side Has energy coupling part and a tool-side energy coupling part, the on the quick coupling part on the boom side or on the tool side quick coupling part are arranged such that they automatically couple with each other, as soon as the two quick coupling parts lock around a first of the two axes are pivoted into their locking position.

Swivel type quick couplings are widely used in hydraulic excavators because an easy and quick change of different tools like Hydrau lik grippers, digging spoons, gripping tongs and the like are allowed. For coupling initially only needs one of the two locking axes positioned and in on  be brought under control. This can advantageously be a cross bolt that is in a hook-shaped eyelet is attached to the opposite coupling part. thereupon can the boom-side coupling part relative to the tool to the already in Engagement brought locking axis are pivoted to thereby Ver to find the locking position in which the second locking axis is locked that can. the latter is usually formed by a pair of locking bolts, the apart and in corresponding locking holes on the opposite able to retract the quick coupling part.

Such a swivel type quick coupling is known from WO 91/01414, in which an automatic hydraulic clutch is provided which when put together swivel the two quick coupling parts automatically on the boom side Coupling the energy circuit with an energy circuit on the tool side. There are two eners Giekupplungsteile provided, one of which on the boom-side quick connector lung part and the other is attached to the quick coupling part on the tool side, in such a way that the two energy coupling parts when they are swung together the two quick coupling parts around the first already locked latch axis are brought together and brought into engagement. One of the two Energy coupling parts can be moved on the corresponding quick coupling part stored to the circular movement of the quick coupling parts when put together compensate for panning.

However, this known quick coupling is insufficient in several respects. The Energy coupling parts couple when the quick coupling parts are moved together not clean, causing oil leakage and therefore soil pollution can follow. By tilting the energy coupling parts, they are subject to great damage Wear and can even be damaged.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of an improved To create a quick connector of the type mentioned, the disadvantages of the Stan avoids the technology and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. in particular in particular, an improved arrangement of the energy coupling is to be created,  a leak-free and trouble-free coupling of the boom and tool side Energy circles allowed.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a quick coupling according to the patent Claim 1 solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the energy coupling parts are exactly linear to one another drive. A linear guide is provided for the energy coupling parts that the Energy coupling parts against the circular swivel movement to egg ner relative movement forces along a straight line. To compensate Allowing the pivoting movement is at least one of the two energies coupling parts on the corresponding quick coupling part relative to this be stored movably. In a further development of the prior art, however, it is provided that that the movably mounted energy coupling part pivots when Movement of the quick coupling parts is compensated and moves exactly that between the two energy coupling parts there is an exactly linear movement he follows.

In a development of the invention, the linear guide has at least one cantilever side ges guide element and at least one tool-side guide element, which come into engagement with each other when the energy circuit coupling is closed, be in front of the two energy circuit coupling parts, in particular their connecting cone ren, engage with each other. The linear guide arrives at the Swiveling movement of the two quick coupling parts around the already locked one first locking axis as the energy coupling parts in and out of engagement. The However, the guide elements of the linear guide engage before the Connection connectors of the energy coupling parts, so that the linear guide of the Energy coupling parts is ensured from the start. There can be no sales tion and a precise linear movement over the entire coupling distance of the energy coupling parts is ensured. So in particular are the leaders elements of the linear guide from the actual energy coupling elements d. H.  the connector pieces separately formed components. However, they are preferred firmly arranged on the energy coupling parts or they can be attached to them be shaped.

The linear guide can basically be designed differently. given if possible, a link guide for the movably mounted energy coupling part or be provided for the movably mounted energy coupling parts. It can also a cam-like control of the movement of the movable energy or energy Giekupplungsteile be provided. In a further development of the invention, however, are preferably at least as guide elements on one of the energy coupling parts a guide pin and at least one on the other energy coupling part Guide hole provided. The guide pin pushes against one another driving the energy coupling parts into the complementary guide bore, which ensures a linear movement. Preferably a Pair of spaced guide pins and associated guide holes gene provided, the connection connectors between the guide bolts or guide holes can be arranged. The guide bolts extend with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction in which the connection connector can be pushed together. As connection connectors, the Energy coupling parts known female and male connector pieces have that can be pushed into each other.

The guide pin or pins of the linear guide preferably have a spe zielle Formierung, the tilting when inserted into the complementary Füh drilling prevented. In particular, each of the guide pins can one rounded head, a cylindrical guide section and a constriction have that pre-between the head and the cylindrical guide portion see is. In the area of the constriction, the guide pin has a counter reduced diameter above the head or relative to the guide section. The rounded head can also be inserted into the guide hole with a slight angular offset be inserted. Alignment or compensation of the angular misalignment  takes place when the cylindrical guide axially spaced from the bolt head surface also comes into engagement with the guide bore.

At least one of the two energy coupling parts is relative to the associated one against the quick coupling part. Preferably only one is movable stored while the other rigidly attached to the other quick coupling part is. This results in a simple arrangement, which is nevertheless the necessary one Compensation of the swiveling movement allowed.

The mobility of the storage of the corresponding energy coupling part is preferably multi-axis. In particular, the storage of the Ener Giekupplungteiles at least a tilting movement to one of the first locks axis and a movement in a direction perpendicular to allow the first locking axis. It preferably also allows one Sliding movement parallel to the first locking axis and / or a tilt movement about a tilt axis perpendicular to the first locking axis. At a such extensive movable storage can also lateral offset z. B. infol of inaccuracies during assembly. In addition, the Arrangement of the energy coupling parts due to coarser tolerances more favorable ge be manufactured.

In a development of the invention, one of the two energy coupling parts is on one Spring device, in particular mounted on a pair of compression springs. The Druckfe can be rigidly attached to the corresponding quick coupling part and jointly carry the corresponding energy coupling part. By deforming the The spring device compensates for the pivoting movement relative to the ent speaking quick coupling part.

In order to achieve a safe moving together of the energy coupling parts, a limitation of the spring travel in the direction of the clutch movement is provided his. In a further development of the invention, a pressure tappet can be provided on which the movable power coupling part is tiltable and / or slidably seated on.  

The plunger preferably has a rounded head, which is approximately cent risch between the spring elements of the spring device on the power coupling can attack lung part. The pressure tappet presses in the final stage of the coupling the two energy coupling parts move securely and firmly on top of each other. advantageous the plunger can prove to be variable in length. In particular, the Pressure plunger to be resilient to avoid damage and egg allow balancing of tolerances, the spring constant of pressure plunger much harder than that of the resilient mounting of the energy coupling can be part. In a further development of the invention, the pressure tappet can be designed as a hydrau Likstößel be formed, d. H. it is in its extended position by pressure medium extendable or preloadable. This can preferably towards the end of Coupling movement or after the energy coupling has been completely moved together parts against greater pressure on the movably mounted energy coupling part be so that the energy coupling parts reliably in their merged driven position are held.

The hydraulic pressure with which the pressure tappet is used is particularly advantageous holds the two energy coupling parts together, to the respective operating conditions adjusted. The force that holds the energy coupling parts together always chosen so large that the parts are completely together at any time without play being held. On the other hand, maximum force is not constantly used the parts together under all operating conditions to keep. The latter is disadvantageous in the case of a solution by means of a spring. Should he The pressure tappet must hold the energy coupling parts together with spring force alone the spring must be sized so that it has the energy under all conditions Coupling parts holds together, so that far too large forces over long distances would work. In the case of a hydraulic tappet, the pressure force can be advantageous can be varied.

In particular, the pressure tappet with pressure medium from one of the to be coupled Pressure medium circuits are supplied, d. H. the pressure ram is filled with the pressure fluid acted on, coupled to the tool via the energy coupling  will give. This increases depending on the respective working pressure of the The holding force. In an advantageous further development of the Erfin is the area ratio between the effective cylinder effective area of the Pressure plunger, which is acted upon by the pressure medium to the effective Konnektorflä che, d. H. the effective flow cross through the coupling cut in the area of the connectors with pressure medium perpendicular to the coupling direction is applied, selected greater than 1. An advantageous training can consist of the area ratio being about 5/4. The from the pressure ram the cohesive force applied is always greater due to this area ratio than the maximum force that force the energy clutch apart tries. If the operating pressure in the pressure medium lines to be coupled increases, it increases also the force acting on the pressure ram and thus the cohesion force. Several pressure medium connectors are usually provided. As well can be provided several plungers. In this case the ratio is the Sum of the effective cylinder effective areas and the sum of the connector areas in chosen the way described above.

In a development of the invention, the cylinder of the pressure ram or can Cylinder of the pressure tappet with several, in particular all, pressure medium lines be brought into flow connection conditions of the pressure medium circuit to be coupled. Is preferably between the pressure medium lines and the cylinder or the Zy linder switched a valve arrangement, which ensures that that of the Pressure medium lines, which has the highest pressure, with the pressure tappet in connection manure stands. This ensures that the pressure tappet is always sufficient high pressure is applied. As a valve arrangement, the pressure with lines are connected in pairs via shuttle valves, so that The greater pressure always prevails, so to speak.

The pressure tappet can come from different sections of the pressure medium circuit be fed. It is possible to connect the pressure medium circuit on the boom side with the Connecting plunger. The fluid connectors are usually with outlet si fuses so that the pressure tappet can already be operated,  if the connectors are not yet connected, by extending the Tappet the connectors are connected. In a preferred embodiment of the Er However, the cylinder or cylinders are affected by the tool-side pressure Telkreis fed here, d. H. they are only pressurized when the Energy circuit coupling and in particular their fluid connectors merged are and have connected the connectors.

In a further development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling can also be provided parts against the swiveling movement of the quick coupling time start delayed. This can be achieved simply by the hydraulic actuation of the pressure ram is carried out with a time delay.

A separate hydraulic circuit for actuating the pressure tappet can be provided his.

The movably mounted energy coupling part and thus the pressure tappet can always be arranged on the boom side. In development of the invention, however they are provided on the tool side.

Between the pressure tappet and the energy coupling part acted upon by it it must be ensured that relative movements can take place, both Tilting movements as well as displacement movements perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the Pressure plunger. On the one hand, the movably mounted energy coupling half is the same Swiveling movement of the quick coupler halves, in so far as from the circular path a linear movement is made. In addition, as a result of Game and the like relative movements. To allow for this offset are the pressure tappet and the energy coupling half acted upon relative to mutually mobile. In order to still be able to transmit large forces, it can be can be seen that the pressure tappet is provided on the front with a pressure cap that has a flat face so that it is full and flat on the main flat energy coupling part can sit on. To allow tilting movements is preferably provided that the pressure cap and plunger complete each other  have mentally curved surfaces with which they sit, so that the Can tilt the pressure cap on the tappet itself and still a flat connection is provided.

To securely put the two energy coupling parts together even in rough operation alternatively or in addition to the hydraulic pressure tappet, a shape can be held conclusive locking of the two energy coupling parts can be provided. In Further development of the invention can be provided, the guide pin of the line to lock the guide when it enters the complementary guide hole drove. In particular, a movable cross bolt can be provided which is mounted in the energy coupling part, the said guide hole having. The locking cross bolt is preferably acted upon hydraulically bar. Advantageously, the cross bolt with the constriction of the guide interact with each other, d. H. if the guide pin is completely in the The guide hole is retracted, the locking cross pin becomes tangential to Guide hole retracted so that it protrudes into the guide hole, and in the area where the constriction of the guide pin is located.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a separate latch can be used to form conclusive locking of the two energy coupling parts in their coupled Position should be provided. A locking flap is preferably provided. to Actuation of the bolt can be a preferably hydraulically operated Stellzylin which will be provided. The latch can be spring loaded so that it fits into its locking position is biased. As a result, the actuating means le only be operated to unlock.

In a development of the invention, in addition to the linear guide, a pre-centering for the two energy coupling parts when swiveling the quick coupling together lung parts provided. The pre-centering aligns the two energy coupling parts Before intervening the linear guide so far that the corresponding Guide elements of the linear guide can interlock as intended NEN. This has particular advantages if the car is operated inadvertently  collectively swivel the two quick coupling parts the first locking axis is not precisely adjusted or completely retracted. In this case, curse errors in the power coupling parts that occur when moving together Damage to the power circuit coupling could result. The pre-centering cor rigorous excessive misalignments of the power coupling parts relative to corresponding quick coupling part, the z. B. due to the movable storage at least one of the energy coupling parts can occur.

The pre-centering can be designed differently. It preferably has one Raar slide on each other when swiveling the quick coupling parts together de centering surfaces, one of which on the movably mounted energy coupling is provided. The other of the interacting centering surfaces can be provided on the other energy coupling part. In advanced training at the Erfin dung it can be arranged on the opposite quick coupling part. In particular, they are arranged such that they engage before the linear guide devices.

In a development of the invention, a swivel guide can be used in addition to the pre-centering tion is provided, which ensures that the two quick coupling parts only in their target orientation to each other, d. H. if the first locking axis ord is properly aligned, can be swung together. The Swivel guide prevents damage to the hydraulic coupling by closing move the quick coupling parts together with an offset. In the latter case, the Connection pieces or the guide bolts of the energy coupling parts also with Drive offset on one another and cause damage. The swivel guide preferably has provided on the massive swivel coupling parts themselves Guide surfaces on, if the quick coupling is properly aligned parts together when pivoting together about the first locking axis the glide past or slide on each other. You can center out forms, so that when swiveling together the two quick coupling parts in their target orientation to each other, in which the first locking axis ord is aligned properly, press. Advantageously, prevent the  tion areas especially when the energy coupling parts are already engaged have come together, moving the two quick coupling halves to each other before the second locking axis is locked. Such an offset would inevitably result in damage to the energy coupling. Insbesonde re the guide surfaces can be designed such that they, as soon as they over are pushed together with the first, hook-shaped locks Cooperation axis so that an offset or slipping of the Quick coupling halves to each other is prevented.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy circuit Coupling a Mon day unit. It is not an integral part of the quick coupler. The energy circular coupling is preferably designed such that already existing Quick couplers can be retrofitted.

To ensure good accessibility of the energy circuit coupling, in Further development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling outside the locks be arranged axes of the two quick coupling parts. The energy circuit In this case, the coupling is not difficult to access between the two locks axes of success, but can e.g. B. can be easily reached for cleaning. moreover it is not in the for collecting dirt and dirt due space between the two locking axes.

In a further development of the invention, the energy circuit coupling is within an impact surface Chen of the quick coupling part on the tool side and / or the boom side Quick coupling part arranged, in particular such that in the ge from each other did not separate the state of the two coupling parts the energy circuit coupling parts hit the ground when the corresponding quick coupling part on the Bo which is discontinued. Preferably, the two quick coupling parts can each two spaced apart, substantially perpendicular to the locking axes Have pieces and the energy coupling parts between two together Associated support pieces to be arranged transversely to these. They are in the ge  protected area between the vertical support pieces of the quick coupling development parts. The carrier pieces of the quick coupling parts slide in the area the locking axes one inside the other or one above the other. In particular, it can Contrary to the prior art, the quick coupling part on the boom side is free of a base plate extending parallel to the locking axes the energy coupling part would be arranged. This avoids that Place the coupling part on the boom side with its base plate onto the Bo the energy coupling part arranged thereon is pressed into the ground.

In a development of the invention, the two energy coupling parts are each in the essentially plate-shaped. On the plate-shaped support of the Ener Coupling parts are the aforementioned male and female connectors Gate pieces, which form the power connections, arranged. Can be spaced from this NEN the guide bolt or guide holes rigidly attached or incorporated his.

In the following, the invention is based on preferred embodiments and hearing drawings explained in more detail. The drawings show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a quick connector according to a prior ferred embodiment of the invention, the coupling parts a pair of mechanical quick and including a hydraulic clutch, the me chanical quick coupling parts are only one axes of two lock engaged and the hydraulic clutch is not yet coupled,

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the quick coupling from FIG. 1, the quick coupling parts being shown in the swiveled-together state with a coupled hydraulic coupling,

Fig. 3 is a side view of the quick connector of Fig. 1, wherein the quick-coupling parts with one of two locking shafts in engagement,

Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the quick connector showing the Hydrau likkupplung just before the two power coupling parts fall mitein other engaged

Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view similar to Figure 4, wherein the hydraulic coupling is shown in another sectional plane in which the female and male connector pieces of the coupling can be seen.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the hydraulic coupling, showing the engagement of the linear guide of the hydraulic clutch, is just before the hydraulic clutch fully coupled,

Fig. 7 is a front view of the hydraulic coupling in section, showing the hydraulic clutch in the fully locked state,

8 is a quick coupling are movably mounted to a further preferred embodiment of the invention in which both power coupling parts of the hydraulic clutch FIG.

Fig. 9 is a detail view of a pivotally mounted on a pivotable flap energy coupling member according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 10 is a side view of a quick connector according to a further exporting tion of the invention in which a pre-centering of the movable gelager th power coupling part via a cam-like Vorzentrierungsflä surface is provided at the pivoting together of the quick coupling parts,

Fall Fig. 11 similar to an enlarged partial sectional view of a quick coupling Fig. 4, showing the hydraulic clutch, just before the two Energiekupp lung parts engaged with each other,

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary front view of a hydraulic clutch in a sectional view similar to FIG. 7, showing the hydraulic clutch in a fully ver riegeltem state wherein the guide pin of a power coupling part by a transverse bolt in the other power coupling part is secured,

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line AA in Fig. 12,

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the hydraulic coupling in the locked to stand, wherein the two power coupling parts are positively locked by means of a pivotally mounted locking bar,

Fig. 15 is a partial sectional view similar to Fig. 4 another embodiment of the quick coupling, showing the hydraulic clutch with a hydraulically betae tigbaren plunger, just before the clutch disengages,

Fig. 16 is a partial sectional view similar to Fig. 15, wherein the hydraulic coupling is shown in fully assembled condition been run,

Fig. 17 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the hydraulic ram pressure from the two previous figures,

Fig. 18 is a schematic representation of the circuit for operating two hydraulic plunger according to the embodiment of the three preceding Figures,

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the lower movably mounted part of the hydraulic clutch of the preceding figures, and

Fig. 20 shows a half section through a guide pin of the energy coupling, which forces a linear pushing together of the two energy coupling parts.

The quick coupling 1 shown in the figures has a boom-side quick coupling part 2 , which is pivotally attached to the arm 3 of a boom of a hydraulic bag gers and can be pivoted about a pivot axis 4 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the arm 3 in a manner known per se via a pivot bracket can. The quick coupling 1 also has a tool-side quick coupling part 5 which is connected to a hydraulic excavator tool. This can e.g. B. be a gripping tool with a rotary mechanism 6 which is hydraulically operable.

The two parts 2 and 5 of the quick coupling 1 can be locked to one another via two parallel, spaced-apart locking axes 7 and 8 . As shown in FIG. 1, the locking axes 7 and 8 extend parallel to the pivot axis 4 , about which the quick coupling 1 can be pivoted relative to the handle 3 .

The first of the two locking axes 7 is formed on the one hand by a cross bolt 9 provided on the tool-side quick coupling part 5 and a pair of locking hooks 10 provided on the boom-side quick coupling part 2 . The locking hook 10 can be hooked onto the cross pin 9 so that it can be gripped by the locking hook 10 and the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side can be raised. As shown in Fig. 2, the locking gel hooks 10 are open to one side, hook-shaped recesses which surround the cross bolt 9 half-shell. The hook recesses are open to the side of the quick coupling part 2 , which faces away from the second locking axis 8 .

The second locking axis 8 is formed on the one hand by a telescopic locking bolt pair 11 and an associated pair of stanchions 12 . As shown in FIG. 3, the pair of locking bolts 11 is arranged on the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side and can be moved in and out, preferably hydraulically, by a drive mechanism known per se. The locking holes 12 are formed in the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side. As can be seen in FIG. 1, both the quick coupling part 2 on the laying side and the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side have spaced apart, essentially vertical support pieces which are spaced differently apart from one another, so that the carrier plates of the quick coupling part 2 on the laying side between the support plates of the tool side Quick coupling part 5 can retract.

To couple the two quick coupling parts 2 is first moved with the boom-side quick coupling part 2 in the tool-side quick coupling part 5 and gripped with the hook-shaped locking recesses 10 of the cross bolt of the opposite quick coupling part (see. Fig. 3). By slightly lifting the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side, it can be ensured that the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side falls securely into the hook-shaped locking recess 10 . To lock the second locking axis Ver 8 the boom-side quick coupling part 2 is then pivoted about the pivot axis 4 , so that as a result the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together about the first locking axis 7 . The two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together so far that the locking bolt pair 11 and the associated locking holes 12 are aligned with one another. Then the locking bolts 11 are preferably moved apart by hydraulic action, so that they enter the locking holes 12 . Due to the two locking axes 7 and 8 , the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are firmly locked together.

In order to prevent misalignment of the two quick coupling halves and thus damage to the sensitive hydraulic coupling described below when pivoting the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 about the first locking axis 7 , the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 can be provided with a pivoting guide 44 (see FIG. 11). The two massive quick coupling parts 2 and 5 each have a guide surface 46 and 47 (see FIG. 11), which can only be pushed over one another or past each other when the first locking axis 7 is properly aligned. Drives z. B. a Bag gerführer with the hook-shaped recesses 10 is not properly, the pivot guide prevents swiveling together with offset. The guide surfaces 46 and 47 can be designed such that they act in a centering manner, ie press the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 into the properly aligned position when they are pivoted together.

In order to supply tool-side drive elements with energy, the quick coupling 1 is assigned a hydraulic coupling 13 , which connects a boom-side hydraulic circuit with a tool-side hydraulic circuit. For example, the rotating mechanism 1 according to FIG. 1 can be operated hydraulically. Additional drive elements and, accordingly, several hydraulic circuits can be provided and coupled.

The hydraulic coupling 13 comprises two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 , which are mounted on the one hand on the boom-side quick coupling part 2 and on the other hand on the tool-side quick coupling part 5 . They are arranged on the first locking shaft 7 8 opposite sides and the quick coupling parts 2 and 5, in each case at the same distance from the first INTERLOCKS lung axis 7, so it that upon pivoting of the two Schnellkupp lung parts 2 and 5 successive drive. In principle, they could also be arranged between the two locking axes 7 and 8 . However, they are preferably outside the area delimited by the two locking axes 7 and 8 , since experience has shown that the latter tends to be soiled and is difficult to access. The arrangement of the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 outside the locking axes 7 and 8 makes them less susceptible and easier to maintain. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the power coupling parts 14 and 15 respectively between the vertical support pieces 16 of the boom side Schnellkupp lung part 2 and the vertical support pieces of the tool side are arranged quick coupling part 17. 5 This protects you. in particular, they do not protrude over the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 such that the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 would be pressed into the ground when the corresponding quick coupling parts 2 are placed on the ground.

Both energy coupling parts 14 and 15 summarize a plurality of power line couplings. They are each designed as a connector block; in which a plurality of connector pieces 18 are combined. As shown in Fig. 7, each of the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 has a plate-shaped Trä gerstück 19 and 20 , which extends transversely to the corresponding quick coupling part 2 and 5 , respectively. Perpendicular to the support pieces 19 and 20 are the connector pieces 18 , which can be pushed together and cause the hydraulic fluid connection. The connector pieces 18 can be female and male type connector pieces known per se.

According to the embodiment shown in FIGS . 1 to 7, the energy coupling part 14 arranged on the side of the quick coupling part 2 is fixed, ie it is rigid relative to the quick coupling part 2 . The energy coupling part 15 fastened to the tool-side quick coupling part 5 is movably mounted on the latter. As shown in FIG. 4 and, FIGS. 7, the entire energy sitting coupling part 15 on a spring assembly 21 consisting in the shown embodiment consists of four arranged in a rectangle compression springs. The compression springs 22 are attached on the one hand to angle plates which are arranged on the vertical support pieces 17 of the quick coupling part 5 on the tool side (cf. FIG. 7). On the other hand, the cylindrical spring elements 22 are connected to the carrier piece 20 of the energy coupling part 15 , preferably screwed. The springs 22 have a sufficient height and elasticity so that the energy coupling part 15 can be moved or tilted in multiple axes. The spring arrangement 21 forms a multi-axis movable bearing for the energy coupling part 15 , so that this can be offset from the opposite energy coupling part 14 , in particular due to the pivoting movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 .

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 6, the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 automatically move together by the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 . The energy coupling parts 14 and 15 experience a circular path movement about the first locking axis 7 . However, since the connector pieces 18 on the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 have to be moved together linearly, the pivoting movement of the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 is compensated for by means of the spring arrangement 21 . In order to ensure an exactly linear movement, the hydraulic coupling 13 is assigned a linear guide 23 , which ensures that the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 are moved exactly along a straight line despite the pivoting movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 . The linear guide 23 consists in the illustrated embodiment of a pair of guide bolts 24 and associated guide bores 25 into which the said guide bolts 24 retract when the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 are brought together. They force the springs 22 to deflect in order to compensate for the pivoting movement component. In addition, offset due to tolerances during assembly are also compensated for.

The guide bolts 24 are rigidly connected to the carrier piece 19 of the energy coupling part 15 and project perpendicularly to the opposite energy coupling part 14 . Each guide pin 24 is substantially zy-cylindrical. In particular, however, each guide pin 24 has a rounded head 26 , a cylindrical guide section 27 and an intermediate constriction 28 , which separates the pin head 26 from the cylindrical guide section 27 . Due to the special design of the guide pin 24 , tilting during insertion into the guide bores 25 is prevented. As shown in FIG. 20, the outer surface of the guide pin 24 can be rounded in the region of the head 26 . The spherical rounding merges into the constriction 28 . In addition, it can be provided that the cylindrical shaft part or guide section 27 has a conical bevel, which can be in the range from 5 to 15 degrees, preferably approximately 10 degrees. The special shape of the guide pin, in particular the spherical shape of the head, allows the guide pin to be inserted into the opposite guide holes without tilting. The guide holes 25 may have a cross-sectional widening in the form of a phase, a rounding or the like in the region of their opening cross-section in order to facilitate threading (cf. FIG. 4). Preferably, the guide bores 25 or guide bushings 28 are formed from a suitable material, which are inserted into the power coupling part 14 on the boom side.

In order to prevent the guide bolts 24 from not hitting the guide bores 25 due to excessive misalignment when the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are brought together, a pre-centering 29 can be provided for pre-centering those in the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 relative to one another. Fig. 10 shows an example of such a pre-centering 29th On the one hand, the movably mounted energy coupling part 15 can have a centering surface 30 . On the other hand, a cam-shaped centering surface 31 can be provided on the opposite quick coupling part, on which the centering surface 30 of the energy coupling part 15 slides when the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are driven together. The pre-centering causes the two power coupling parts 14 and 15 to be in an at least roughly aligned position with respect to one another when they are moved towards one another.

In order to achieve a safe and complete moving together of the connector pieces 18 , an actuator is preferably provided which becomes active on the last piece of the swiveling movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 and presses the two energy coupling parts 14 and 15 completely against one another. In particular sondere a plunger 32 can be provided on which the spring-mounted power coupling part 15 is seated (see. Fig. 6). Since the springs have to be sufficiently elastic to compensate for the pivoting movement or offset, they could yield and be compressed, so that the hydraulic clutch is not fully coupled. The plunger 32 acts as a limiter for the spring travel of the spring bearing. As shown in FIG. 6 shows, the head of the Druckstö is preferably slightly rounded SSELS 32, so that even with a slight tilt of the movably mounted power coupling part 15 a centric as possible to sit on the push rod 32 is achieved. The pressure plunger 32 can also be designed to be resilient. As shown in FIG. 6, the pressure plunger 32 can be a longitudinally displaceably mounted bolt which is prestressed by means of a compression spring 43 , which can be designed in the form of a plate spring assembly. The spring hardness of the pressure plunger 32 is expediently much greater than that of the Federanord voltage 21 for the movable mounting of the one energy coupling part 15 . As FIG. 6 shows, the energy coupling part 15 sits on the pressure tappet 32 towards the end of the movement together. This then presses the rest of the swivel together the quick coupling parts. 2 and 5, the movably mounted energy coupling part 15 completely on the opposite energy coupling part 14 . This ensures that a complete coupling of the hydraulic clutch is achieved. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the pressure tappet 32 can be a hydraulically actuatable tappet. For this purpose, the arrangement can be reversed, ie the movably mounted energy coupling part is preferably arranged on the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side, so that the pressure tappet can be supplied by the hydraulic system on the boom side. In the case of the hydraulic ram that can be moved hydraulically, an increased force can be applied in particular towards the end of the coupling movement.

Figs. 15 to 18 show an advantageous embodiment of the hydraulic coupling with hydraulically operated plunger. The energy coupling parts are fundamentally Lich movable or resilient in the manner described above, so that reference is made to the preceding description. As shown in FIG. 15, the pressure tappet is retracted so far in its initial position that there is air between the plate-shaped carrier piece 19 and the end face of the pressure tappet 32 . The energy coupling thus first threads in with the aid of the springs 22 or the force applied thereby. The linear guide ensures that the two energy coupling parts move perpendicular to each other. This results in an elastic deformation of the supporting springs, as shown in FIG. 16.

In order to hold the two energy coupling parts securely together even with large forces during operation, the hydraulic pressure tappet 32 is provided, which presses centrally against the support piece 19 , so that it is pressed firmly against the support piece 20 on the boom side. Two or more hydraulic pressure pieces 32 can also be provided. As Fig. 17 shows the plunger 32 includes a piston-cylinder unit, which consists of a plunger 60 and a Plun the gerkolben 60 is slidably guiding cylinder bushing 61. The cylinder liner 61 is screwed fluid-tight into the tool-fixed carrier piece 62 of the energy coupling. As shown in FIG. 17, the plunger 60 is preloaded with a spring assembly 63 , specifically into its extended position, in which it travels against a shoulder on the cylinder liner side by means of a shoulder 64 . Disc springs of suitable strength can be provided as the spring assembly 63 . The plate springs are dimensioned so that they can give way when the energy coupling parts are moved together. The play-free, firm holding together under all operating conditions is achieved by the hydraulic action on the plunger 60 . For this purpose, the plunger 60 or a pressure chamber 66 is connected to the hydraulic lines of the tool via a pressure fluid bore 65 . As shown in FIG. 18, four pressure medium lines 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 are guided in the illustrated embodiment by means of the connectors 71 of the energy coupling from the boom side to the tool side of the quick coupler. The tool-side pressure medium lines 67 to 70 are all connected to the pressure chamber 66 of the pressure tappet 32 . The pressure medium lines 67 to 70 are each combined in pairs via Wechselven tiles 72 , 73 and 74 . The shuttle valves in the form of double check valves ensure that the pressure medium line with the highest pressure always prevails from the pressure medium lines 67 to 70 . In the pressure chamber 66 of the pressure plunger 32 is always the pressure that is the greatest of the prevailing in the pressure medium lines 67 to 70 pressures.

The effective area of the plunger, which causes its actuating force, is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the connectors 71 . In connection with the circuit, which always gives the greatest pressure to the plunger, this ensures that the holding force is always greater than the forces caused by the pressures in the connectors, which want to push the energy coupling apart.

As shown in FIG. 17, a pressure cap 75 sits on the end face on the plunger 60 and has a substantially flat end face. This ensures that it always rests flat on the carrier plate 19 and excessive surface press solutions, as would occur with a point contact, are avoided. In order nevertheless to permit a tilting movement, the connecting surfaces 76 with which the end face of the plunger 60 and the pressure cap 75 touch one another are rotationally symmetrically rounded surfaces, so that a tilting movement between the pressure cap and the plunger 60 is possible. Nevertheless, the contact between the plunger 60 and the pressure cap 75 is flat.

As already mentioned, large forces can sometimes arise during operation, which could force the energy coupling parts apart. In order to remedy this situation, a positive locking of the power coupling parts 14 and 15 may also be provided.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 show, in the power coupling part 14 is a ver displaceably mounted transverse pin 48 may be provided. The cross pin 48 is arranged such that it can enter tangentially into the guide bore 25 , in the region in which the constriction 28 of the guide pin 24 comes to lie when the guide pin is fully inserted. As shown in FIG. 13, the cross bolt 48 can have sections of different diameters. If the bolt with a portion of large diameter is inserted into the guide bore 25 , the guide pin 24 is locked. If the cross pin 48 is inserted with a section of tapered diameter in the guide bore 25 , the guide pin 24 can be pushed in and out. The cross pin 48 is preferably hydraulically actuated. If necessary, it can be biased into its locking position by means of a spring, so that hydraulic actuation only has to take place for unlocking.

Furthermore, a bolt 49 can be provided, which positively locks the energy coupling parts 14 and 15 with one another (cf. FIG. 14). In a further development of the invention, the bolt 49 can be designed as a rocker arm which is mounted on the energy coupling part 14 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 51 . At one end it has a cranked hook with which it can grip a locking projection 52 on the opposite energy coupling part 15 behind. The bolt 49 is preferably biased into its locking position by means of a spring 50 . In addition, a hydraulic cylinder 53 is articulated on the bolt 49 in order to pivot it into its unlocking position (cf. FIG. 14). Before preferably the hydraulic cylinder 53 is arranged on the boom side to be permanently connected to the hydraulic system there.

Fig. 8 shows an alternative mounting of the power coupling parts 14 and 15. Both parts of the energy coupling are movably mounted here. The energy coupling part 14 fastened to the quick coupling part 2 on the boom side sits on a swivel pocket 34 so as to be pivotable about a transverse axis 33 . The swivel bracket is in turn pivotally mounted on the quick coupling part 2 about a swivel axis 35 which is parallel to the transverse axis 33 and is spaced apart therefrom. If necessary, a neutral position of the energy coupling part 14 can be established by means of a spring device.

The second energy coupling part 15 , which is attached to the tool-side quick-coupling part 5 , is also movably mounted. In the illustrated embodiment, it is mounted for longitudinal displacement, in a plane that is parallel to the first locking axis 7 of the quick coupler 1 . Referring to FIG. 8, the second power coupling part 15 from left to right is movable. It is held in its neutral position by the springs 35 .

Fig. 9 shows an alternative movable mounting of the tool side pre see NEN power coupling part 15. It sits on a swivel tab 36 , which is pivotable about a transverse axis 37 to the first locking axis 7 and away from it. The energy coupling part 15 itself is also pivotable on the swivel bracket 36 about the tilt axis 38 . The tilt axis 38 extends parallel to the axis 37 , as shown in FIG. 9. The energy coupling part 15 is held in its neutral position on the swivel bracket 36 by means of springs 39 .

Fig. 10 shows a further alternative bearing of the power coupling part 14, which is attached to the boom side quick coupling part 2. It is tiltably seated on a cross pin 40 which extends parallel to the first locking axis 7 . In addition, the energy coupling part 14 is displaceably mounted on the bolt 40. It has an elongated hole 41 so that it can be displaced transversely to the bolt 40 . The energy coupling part 14 is held in its neutral position by means of a spring 42 . In addition, the previously described pre-centering 29 is provided, which pre-centers the energy coupling part 14 when it is moved onto the energy coupling part 15 lying opposite, when the two quick coupling parts 2 and 5 are pivoted together.

The tine projecting upwards on the lower quick coupling part, on which the pre-centering cam surface 31 is provided, has a double function. It also forms the swivel guide 44 , which forces the two quick-coupling parts to each other in their properly aligned position. The reference numerals 46 and 47 also denote the corresponding guide surfaces.

Other types of storage of the movable energy coupling parts are possible without this being specifically shown. So z. B. a resilient position tion can be achieved when the springs of the spring arrangement shown in FIGS . 1 to 7 21 by elastic elements, for. B. rubber elements to be replaced. Furthermore, it would be possible to provide a forced control for at least one of the energy coupling parts instead of a self-aligning bearing, so that this compensates for the pivoting movement of the quick coupling parts 2 and 5 and an exactly linear movement is achieved between the two energy coupling parts.

Considerable advantages can be achieved with the quick coupler shown. In particular, the locking of the hydraulic coupling is also ensured at the same time as the quick coupler lock. In addition, the hydraulic coupling 13 can also be retrofitted to existing quick couplers, in particular because of the arrangement and positioning shown, since it is not integrated but is adapted. The positioning of the hydraulic clutch 13 enables good accessibility for maintenance and repair. In addition, by adapting the couplings to the quick coupler, their size can be varied and adapted to the circumstances. In particular, a variety of hydraulic lines can be combined in a single clutch block.

In order to prevent the resilient mounting of the one energy coupling part from being pulled apart excessively when the quick coupling is being moved apart, a stop 80 can be provided. As shows FIG. 19, the stop may be formed by two projections 80, against which the spring-mounted support piece plate 19 moves while being pulled apart. The stops 80 are preferably arranged centrally, ie the line defined by them goes approximately through the guide pin 24 of the energy coupling.

Claims (26)

1. Quick coupling for coupling a tool to the boom ( 3 ) of a hydraulic excavator and the like, with a boom-side quick coupling part ( 2 ) and a tool-side quick coupling part ( 5 ), which can be locked together via a pair of spaced locking axes ( 7 , 8 ), and An energy circuit coupling ( 13 ), in particular hydraulic coupling, for automatically coupling a tool-side energy connection to a cantilever-side energy connection, the energy circuit coupling having a cantilever-side energy coupling part ( 14 ) and a tool-side energy coupling part ( 15 ), which on the cantilever-side quick coupling part ( 2 ) or the tool-side quick coupling part ( 5 ) are arranged such that they automatically couple with each other as soon as the two quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) are pivoted about a first of the two locking axes ( 7 ) into their locking position, thereby marked calibrates that the energy circuit coupling ( 13 ) is assigned a linear guide ( 23 ) which guides the two energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) linearly to each other when coupling. 2. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the linear guide ( 23 ) has at least one boom-side guide element ( 25 ) and at least one tool-side guide element ( 24 ), which come into engagement with one another when the energy circuit coupling ( 13 ) is closed, in particular before the two Energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) are in engagement with each other. 3. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein guide elements as Füh at one of the power coupling parts (15) at least approximately bolt Introductio (24) and a guide bore (25) for receiving a Führungsbol are zen provided at the other power coupling part (14) at least of at least , wherein preferably the guide pin ( 24 ) has a rounded head ( 26 ), a cylindrical guide section ( 27 ) and between the head and the guide section has a constriction ( 28 ). 4. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the guide pin ( 24 ) by means of a movable, in particular hydraulically actuated cross pin ( 48 ) which is mounted in the guide bore ( 25 ) having energy coupling part ( 14 ), in its in the guide bore ( 25 ) a pushed position can be secured. 5. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein only one of the two energy coupling parts movable to the corresponding quick coupling part is stored. 6. Quick coupling according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein both energy coupling parts to the quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) are movably mounted. 7. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the two energy coupling parts ( 15 ) is movable, preferably on a spring device ( 21 ), in particular on an arrangement of a plurality of compression springs ( 22 ). 8. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pressure plunger ( 32 ) is provided on which one of the two energy coupling parts ( 15 ) is tiltable and / or slidably seated. 9. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the pressure plunger ( 32 ) has a longitudinally displaceably mounted bolt which is biased by means of a spring ( 43 ). 10. Quick coupling according to claim 7, wherein the pressure tappet ( 32 ) has a ver slidably mounted and pressurizable cylinder. 11. Quick coupling according to the preceding claim, wherein the cylinder ( 60 ) is acted upon by pressure medium from a pressure medium circuit to be coupled, wherein an area ratio of the effective cylinder effective area, which is acted upon by the pressure medium, to the effective connector area, which is in the area of the connectors ( 71 ) is acted upon by the pressure medium perpendicular to the coupling direction, is greater than 1. 12. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Zy cylinder ( 60 ) with several, in particular all pressure medium lines ( 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ) of the pressure medium circuit to be coupled can be brought into flow connection, preferably a valve arrangement between the pressure medium lines and the cylinder ( 72 , 73 , 74 ) is provided which connects the cylinder ( 60 ) with the pressure medium line under the highest pressure. 13. Quick coupling according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the cylinder ( 60 ) is fed by the tool-side pressure medium circuit. 14. Quick coupling according to claim 10, wherein the cylinder ( 60 ) is fed by a pressure medium circuit separate from the pressure medium circuit to be coupled. 15. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy circuit coupling can be moved together with a time delay with respect to the swiveling movement of the quick coupling by means of the pressure tappet ( 32 ). 16. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure tappet ( 32 ) is provided on the end face with a pressure cap ( 75 ), a tiltable connection, in particular complementary rounded surfaces, being provided between the pressure tappet and the pressure cap. 17. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the two energy coupling parts ( 15 ) can be tilted about an axis parallel to the first locking axis ( 7 ) and / or movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first locking axis ( 7 ) device. 18. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pre-centering ( 29 ) for precentering the two energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) when pivoting together the quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) is provided, preferably a pair when pivoting against each other sliding centering surfaces ( 30 , 31 ) has one of which is arranged on the movably mounted energy coupling part ( 15 ) and the other on the other energy coupling part ( 14 ) or the corresponding quick coupling part ( 2 ). 19. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a swivel guide for the two quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) is provided, which forces the two quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) when pivoting together in their desired orientation to one another or swiveling together in the event of a misalignment of the two quick coupling parts to each other prevented. 20. The device according to the preceding claim, wherein the pivot guide 44 at a distance from the first locking axis ( 7 ) has guide surfaces ( 46 , 47 ) which are provided on the boom-side quick coupling part ( 2 ) or the tool-side quick coupling part ( 5 ) and when closed Swivel the two quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) together around the first locking axis ( 7 ) or slide past one another. 21. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy circuit coupling ( 13 ) is a retrofit parts to the two quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) assembly unit. 22. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy circuit coupling ( 13 ) is arranged outside the two locking axes ( 7 , 8 ). 23. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the quick coupling parts ( 2 , 5 ) two spaced, to the locking axes ( 7 , 8 ) substantially perpendicular support pieces ( 16 ; 17 ) and the energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) are each arranged transversely to two associated support pieces ( 16 ; 17 ). 24. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) each have substantially plate-shaped carrier pieces ( 19 , 20 ) and perpendicular to the plate-shaped carrier pieces are arranged male or female connector pieces ( 18 ), with preferably guide bolts before ( 24 ) and guide bores ( 25 ) for linear guidance of the two energy coupling parts are rigidly connected to the carrier pieces ( 19 , 20 ) or are formed in these. 25. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) are each designed as a connector block which has a multiplicity of connector pieces ( 18 ) for a multiplicity of energy lines. 26. Quick coupling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a Rie gel ( 49 ) for the positive locking of the two energy coupling parts ( 14 , 15 ) is provided in their coupled position, wherein the bolt ( 49 ) is preferably biased into its locking position by means of a spring and / or can be operated hydraulically.