DE1014528B - Process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons

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Publication number
DE1014528B
DE1014528B DEM28633A DEM0028633A DE1014528B DE 1014528 B DE1014528 B DE 1014528B DE M28633 A DEM28633 A DE M28633A DE M0028633 A DEM0028633 A DE M0028633A DE 1014528 B DE1014528 B DE 1014528B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
contact
hydrocarbons
gas
oxygen
catalytic cracking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEM28633A
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German (de)
Inventor
Dr-Ing Otto Hubmann
Dipl-Ing Ernst Kapp
Dipl-Ing Heinz Hiller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to DEM28633A priority Critical patent/DE1014528B/en
Publication of DE1014528B publication Critical patent/DE1014528B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/386Catalytic partial combustion

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum katalytischen Spalten von Kohlenwasserstoffen Die katalytische Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, z. B. niedrigsiedenden wie Methan, Äthan od. dgl. oder ihrer Gemische, die wie Erdgas, Krackgas, Raffineriegas, Syntheseend- oder Kreislaufgas, Kokereigas od. dgl. vielfach noch andere brennbare Bestandteile, z. B. Wasserstoff und Kohlenoxyd und/oder nicht brennbare Bestandteile wie Kohlendioxyd, Stickstoff, Wasserdampf enthielten, mit Sauerstoff, sauerstoffangereicherter Luft, Luft und zweckmäßig Wasserdampf, der auch ganz oder teilweise durch Kohlendioxyd ersetzt werden konnte, zu Wasserstoff und Kohlenoxyd mit oder ohne Gehalten an ursprünglichen oder durch die Spaltung neu entstandenen Kohlenwasserstoffen, erfolgte bisher in der Praxis vorzugsweise unter atmosphärischem oder wenig erhöhtem Druck. Sie wurde unter Verwendung von Nickelkatalysatoren mit spezifischen Kontaktbelastungen von etwa 400 bis 700 Nm3 Spaltgäs/m3 Kontakt und Stunde durchgeführt.Process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons The catalytic Splitting of hydrocarbons, e.g. B. low-boiling such as methane, ethane or the like. or their mixtures, such as natural gas, cracked gas, refinery gas, synthesis end or Recycle gas, coke oven gas or the like. Often other flammable components, e.g. B. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide and / or non-flammable components such as carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, containing water vapor, with oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, Air and expediently water vapor, which is also partly or entirely due to carbon dioxide could be replaced to hydrogen and carbon oxide with or without contents of the original or newly formed hydrocarbons from the splitting have so far taken place in in practice, preferably under atmospheric or slightly elevated pressure. she got using nickel catalysts with specific contact loads of around 400 to 700 Nm3 fission gas / m3 contact and hour carried out.

Der Umstand, daß die Gleichgewichtslage bei der Spaltung unter Drücken von mehreren Atmosphären ungünstiger ist als bei normalem Druck, wies darauf hin, die Druckspaltung bei möglichst niedriger Spalttemperatur und mit möglichst großer Kontaktmenge durchzuführen und höchstens die gleichen Kontaktbelastungen anzuwenden, die sich beim Arbeiten unter normalem oder wenig erhöhtem Druck als vorteilhaft ergeben hatten.The fact that the equilibrium in the split is under pressure of several atmospheres is more unfavorable than normal pressure, pointed out the pressure splitting at the lowest possible splitting temperature and with the highest possible Carry out contact quantity and apply at most the same contact loads, which are advantageous when working under normal or slightly increased pressure had revealed.

Hierbei traten indessen, wie gefunden wurde, erhebliche Nachteile auf. Diese lagen darin begründet, daß man bei Anwendung der üblichen Kontaktbelastung im Druckbetrieb eine Konzentrierung der Reaktion an der Kontakteintrittsstelle des Gasgemisches bekam, wo sich örtlich sehr hohe Temperaturen einstellen konnten, die dann wegen der endothermen Reaktion allmählich bei Weiterströmen der Gase über die Kontaktmasse abklangen. Infolge der hohen Temperaturspitzen kam es vor, daß die temperaturempfindlichen Kontaktmassen zusammenschmolzen oder zumindest in ihrer Aktivität stark geschädigt wurden, so daß man statt der beim Arbeiten unter normalem Druck beobachteten Lebensdauer von 3 bis 5 Jahren auf eine Lebensdauer des Katalysators von einem Jahr und darunter kam.However, as has been found, this resulted in considerable disadvantages on. This was due to the fact that the usual contact load was used a concentration of the reaction at the contact entry point of the printing operation Gaseous mixture got, where very high temperatures could set up locally then gradually because of the endothermic reaction as the gases continue to flow over the Contact ground decay. As a result of the high temperature peaks it happened that the temperature-sensitive contact masses melted together or at least in their Activity have been severely damaged, so that one instead of working under normal Pressure observed life of 3 to 5 years on the life of the catalyst of a year and under came.

Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß man eine bedeutende Verlängerung der Lebensdauer des Katalysators bei der Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoff unter einem Druck von mehreren Atmosphären, z. B. 5 bis 30 atü, erhält, wenn man nicht - wie der Fachmann zunächst vorschlagen würde - noch größere Kontaktmengen und entsprechend geringere Kontaktbelastungen verwendet, sondern im Gegenteil die Kontaktmenge ganz erheblich unter die für atmosphärische Verhältnisse optimalen Ziffern reduziert. Insbesondere kommt es, wie weiter gefunden wurde, darauf an, daß die Geschwindigkeit des eintretenden Reaktionsgemisches, dessen Menge in Nm3 berechnet ist, auf den freien Querschnitt des Kontaktraumes bezogen, größer gehalten wird als 2 Nm/sec, und daß gleichzeitig die Belastung des Katalysators mit dem Gemisch der an der Spaltreaktion teilnehmenden Stoffe höher gewählt wird als 2000 Nm3 Einsatzgas/m3 Kontakt, d. h. zweckmäßig 4000 bis 10 000 Nm3 oder höher.It has now surprisingly been found that one significant Extension of the service life of the catalytic converter when splitting hydrocarbons under a pressure of several atmospheres, e.g. B. 5 to 30 atmospheres, if one not - as the expert would initially suggest - even larger amounts of contact and correspondingly lower contact loads are used, but on the contrary the Contact amount considerably below the optimum for atmospheric conditions Digits reduced. In particular, as was further found, it depends on that the speed of the incoming reaction mixture, its amount in Nm3 is calculated, based on the free cross-section of the contact space, kept larger is than 2 Nm / sec, and that at the same time the load on the catalyst with the mixture the substances participating in the cleavage reaction are selected to be higher than 2000 Nm3 feed gas / m3 Contact, d. H. expediently 4000 to 10,000 Nm3 or higher.

Durch die Erfindung erzielt man eine milde Reaktion ohne Entwicklung von Spitzentemperaturen an der Kontaktmasse; hierdurch wird die Kontaktmasse geschont, und man erhält besonders lange Lebensdauer, die diejenige bei atmosphärischem Druck überschreiten kann.The invention provides a mild response with no development of peak temperatures at the contact ground; this protects the contact mass, and one obtains a particularly long service life, that of that at atmospheric pressure can exceed.

Auch bei der Druckspaltung erreicht man mit der üblichen spezifischen Gasbelastung die erforderlichen geringen Methanrestgehalte von weniger als 0,5 % Methan im Austrittsgas. Bei einer Erhöhung der spezifischen Gasbelastung steigt zunächst der Methangehalt im Restgas an. Erst wenn die spezifische Gasbelastung auf die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschriebene Mindestgrenze erhöht wird, ändern sich die Verhältnisse. Das hat seine Ursache nicht in der besseren Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Kontakt, denn hierdurch würden Temperaturspitzen nur von der Eintrittsschicht in eine der nachfolgenden Schichten verschoben, sondern in einer Änderung des Reaktionsablaufes. Die stark exotherme Verbrennungsreaktion CH, +202=C02+2Hz0, die beim Eintritt des Gases in dem Kontakt neben der leicht exothermen Spaltreaktion CH, +1/202=C0 -2H2.Even with the pressure splitting, the required low residual methane content of less than 0.5% methane in the outlet gas is achieved with the usual specific gas loading. When the specific gas load increases, the methane content in the residual gas rises first. Only when the specific gas load is increased to the minimum limit prescribed according to the invention do the conditions change. This is not due to the better heat dissipation from the contact, because this would only shift temperature peaks from the entry layer to one of the subsequent layers, but rather a change in the course of the reaction. The strongly exothermic combustion reaction CH, + 202 = C02 + 2Hz0, which occurs when the gas enters the contact in addition to the slightly exothermic cracking reaction CH, + 1/202 = C0 -2H2.

die bei den bekannten Verfahren zu beobachten ist, läßt sehr stark nach, und es werden Kohlendioxyd und Wasserdampf, die durch die Verbrennungsreaktion gebildet werden, im Kontakt sehr schnell mit C H4 zu Kohlenoxyd und Wasserdampf umgesetzt. Durch diese endotherme Reaktion wird gleichzeitig Wärme--gebunden. Diese-durch den Druck und die spezifisch hohe Gasbelastung bedingte Änderung des Reaktionsverlaufes und die geringere Wärmebildung im Kontakt ermöglicht es, mit kleineren Kontaktmengen zu arbeiten und trotzdem die notwendige hohe Methanspaltung zu erzielen.which can be observed in the known processes, leaves very strong after, and there will be carbon dioxide and water vapor caused by the combustion reaction are formed, in contact with C H4 to carbon oxide and water vapor very quickly implemented. Through this endothermic Reaction is simultaneously heat - bound. This change of the caused by the pressure and the specifically high gas load The course of the reaction and the lower heat generation in contact makes it possible to work with to work smaller amounts of contact and still the necessary high methane splitting to achieve.

. In einem mehrwöchigen Betrieb in einer Großversuchsanlage wurde Koksofengas unter einem Druck von 7,7 ata gespalten. Das Koksofengas hatte folgende Zusammensetzung Co, .............................. - 2,00/, CnHm ............ .............. 2,3°/0 02 ................................ 0,60/0 C O ..... . ......... . ............... 5,20/0 HZ ............................... 53,80/0 CH4 ............................... 24,10/0 N2 ................................ 12,00/, Es wurde hieraus ein Spaltgas folgender Zusammensetzung erzeugt Co, .............................. 7,80/, Cn.Hm ............................ 0,00/" 02 ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,00/, CO ............................... 16,90/0 H2 ................................ 66,50/, C H4 .............................. 0130/1 N2 ................................ 8,50/0 Diese Arbeitsweise gelang störungsfrei, ohne daß Rückzündungen der Flamme aus dem Katalysator in die Mischvorrichtung erfolgten. Es trat weder Rußbildung, noch eine Schädigung des Katalysators durch hohe Temperaturen ein. Hierbei wurde mit einer Belastung von 3700 Nm3 Gas/m3 Kontakt und mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 2,5 m/sec, bezogen auf den freien Schachtquerschnitt und auf Normaldruck und Normaltemperatur der aus Koksofengas, Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff bestehenden Gasmischung, gearbeitet.. During several weeks of operation in a large-scale pilot plant, coke oven gas was split under a pressure of 7.7 ata. The coke oven gas had the following composition Co, .............................. - 2.00 /, CnHm ............ .............. 2.3 ° / 0 02 ................................ 0.60 / 0 CO ...... .......... ............... 5.20 / 0 HZ ............................... 53.80 / 0 CH4 ............................... 24.10 / 0 N2 ................................ 12.00 /, A cracked gas of the following composition was generated from this Co, .............................. 7.80 /, Cn.Hm ............................ 0.00 / " 02 ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.00 /, CO ............................... 16.90 / 0 H2 ................................ 66.50 /, C H4 .............................. 0130/1 N2 ................................ 8.50 / 0 This procedure succeeded without any problems, without reignition of the flame from the catalyst into the mixing device. There was neither soot formation nor damage to the catalyst due to high temperatures. The work was carried out with a load of 3700 Nm3 gas / m3 contact and at a speed of 2.5 m / sec, based on the free shaft cross-section and at normal pressure and normal temperature of the gas mixture consisting of coke oven gas, water vapor and oxygen.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCii Verfahren zum katalytischen Spalten von Kohlenwasserstoffen, insbesondere niedrigsiedenden wie Methan, Äthan oder ihren Gemischen, z. B. solchen, die im Gemisch mit anderen brennbaren und/oder mit nicht brennbaren Gasen vorliegen bei höherem Druck von z. B. 5 bis 30 atü, unter Verwendung von Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen und gegebenenfalls Wasserdampf, der ganz oder teilweise durch Kohlendioxyd ersetzt werden kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Geschwindigkeit des in den Kontakt eintretenden Reaktionsgemisches, dessen Menge in Nm3 berechnet ist, auf den Quadratmeter freien' Quer-Schnittes des Kontaktraumes bezogen, größer gehazteä wird als 2 Nm/sec und daß -gleichzeitig die Be,@sä' i'fe Kontaktbelastung höher als 2000 Nm3 E1ntI7yTt käs je m3 Kontakt beträgt. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 628 482.PATENT CLAIMii Process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, especially low boiling points such as methane, ethane or their mixtures, e.g. B. such, which are mixed with other flammable and / or non-flammable gases at higher pressure of z. B. 5 to 30 atmospheres, using oxygen or oxygen-containing Gases and possibly water vapor, partly or entirely due to carbon dioxide can be replaced, characterized in that the speed of the in the Contact entering reaction mixture, the amount of which is calculated in Nm3 related to the square meter of free cross-section of the contact area, larger hazteä becomes than 2 Nm / sec and that at the same time the Be, @ sä 'i'fe contact load is higher than 2000 Nm3 E1ntI7yTt cheese per m3 contact. Considered publications: German patent specification No. 628 482.
DEM28633A 1955-10-31 1955-10-31 Process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons Pending DE1014528B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1156193B (en) * 1956-12-31 1963-10-24 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process for splitting at least partially unsaturated hydrocarbon oils

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE628482C (en) * 1930-07-06 1936-04-06 Metallgesellschaft Akt Ges Process for generating hydrogen-rich gas mixtures or pure hydrogen from bituminous fuels or degassing residues

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE628482C (en) * 1930-07-06 1936-04-06 Metallgesellschaft Akt Ges Process for generating hydrogen-rich gas mixtures or pure hydrogen from bituminous fuels or degassing residues

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1156193B (en) * 1956-12-31 1963-10-24 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Process for splitting at least partially unsaturated hydrocarbon oils

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