DE1005693B - Process for the production of a multi-layer compacted fiber mat - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The present invention relates to a method for the production of a multi-layered compacted fiber mat.

A known method for producing such fiber mats from glass fiber consists in the following :

A compacted mat is made by winding fibers onto a rotating drum, which are spun from a glass furnace that moves back and forth in the axial direction on the Surface moves at a constant speed, in such a way that the from it and between the Both ends of the drum spun fibers helically around the drum first in one Direction to form one layer and then the opposite Direction, creating the next layer on top. Sprays during winding you put a binder on the fiber windings. When the compacted mat has the desired thickness, if you slit it in the axial direction, remove it from the drum and stretch it in the axial direction, to obtain a mat stretched greatly in the transverse direction, spray the stretched mat with a Binder, after which it is treated warm to solidify the latter. In the case of multi-layered Mats, each individual fiber layer consists of a large number of turns running in one direction from a single thread extending in the same direction in each layer, the individual pieces (turns) have the same length and the same spacing from one another.

This practice of making the aforementioned mats has a number of disadvantages:

1. is the amount of waste that is collected during pruning the matting occurs at the edges, excessively high;

2. When the mat is stretched in the axial direction, its weight causes it to taper or becomes narrower and along and towards the middle sags so that the width becomes smaller there; this makes it necessary to hand them to the sides is stretched again every now and then so that the mat has an even width everywhere; this stretching by hand along with the uneven stretch caused by the sagging results in disfigurement undesirable thin and, on the other hand, excessively strong surface parts with "sagging losses" in the middle, which must be cut out as waste;

3. The ends of the mat must be stretched so much that its original width is restored in order to minimize the loss of sagging to keep, which in turn makes it possible to select certain air filter mat formats from those mentioned.

Method of manufacture

a multi-layer compacted

Fiber mat

Applicant:
Famco, Inc., Louisville, Kentucky (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr. W. Beil, lawyer,

Frankfurt / M.-Höchst, Antoniterstr. 36

Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America January 6, 1953

Robert Lee Jackson Jr., Charlestown, Ind. (V. St. A.), has been named as the inventor

Obtaining raw mats with the lowest possible losses when cutting is severely restricted;

4. Despite its elasticity, the finished mat has g & - usually too low a resistance to compression; for these reasons, the resins sprayed onto the fiber as binders must be of such a nature that they give the mats additional resistance to crushing; thereby but the area of the suitable resins is severely limited, and usually a ¹ mehrfachei spraying of resins is required.

In accordance with the present invention, densified mats are made by winding a base thread on the curved surface of a body of revolution with a plurality of unidirectional helical turns being applied from one peripheral end of the surface to the other to form a layer of fibers. The special! lies in the fact that one works in such a way that the distances between adjacent turns of a fiber layer in a layer change in a regularly recurring manner. The base threads ¹ are preferably: here too, supplied by a glass melting furnace, which is moved ^{back and forth in the axial direction on the upper side of the rotating body and 1} between its two ends at a speed which, however, changes in a regularly recurring manner, namely between certain Maximum and minimum speed limits, preferably continuous. At the same time as this winding up, a binding agent can be applied to the threads.

609 867/17 «

spray, whereupon the compacted multilayer mat slit in the axial direction and from the Rotary body is taken down. The mat is then stretched axially in a known manner to expand it and loosen their strength, and heat treated to solidify the binder. One on The compacted mat wound in this manner has a plurality of unidirectional helical turns from a single thread in each of the

Driving means for the furnace, consisting of a further speed transmission device 7, the the other end of the drum shaft via a variable speed gear 8 with a sprocket (152 mm outer diameter) and a chain drive device for moving the furnace over, this device consisting of a drive shaft 9 with a drive sprocket 10, from an idle shaft 11 with an idler sprocket 12 and one

Layers, the angle of these turns, the io transverse chain 13, which is on the chain length and the distances between adjacent turns. wheels 10 and 12 sits and a bolt 14 carries the change. To produce an air filter medium with a bracket 16 extending into the slot 15, which Layered fibers that are firmly attached to the furnace 2 are changed to a group of (not Speed of rotation of the drum continuously shown) spinnerets on the furnace 2 for the feed in one direction, increasing the density of the mat in 15 a corresponding group of glass threads from the furnace a direction between its two ends: all- on the drum and a spray gun 18 to help you spray the threads 17 with a suitable, slowly When using the hardening agent described above. Glue, preferably from a natural one you get stretched mats, which are borrowed by or synthetic resin, with this syringe More even distribution of the fiber in front of the gun is arranged in such a way that it does not get through known mark and elastic and pointed means moved transversely to the drum, are more solid. In addition, the new ver ",.,.,. , ", drive practically all slack, a great speed and thread pattern Part of the trimming losses at the ends and one according to the invention this becomes the speed enhancer Part of the losses in trimming the ratio between the drum and the furnace are which of necessity varies with the hitherto customary ones because the speed

Manufacturing process of the mats occur. In addition, the specified manufacturing method gives particularly effective air filters for mats with fiber layers on top of each other.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic end view of an apparatus for making mats according to the invention;

of the oven once or several times, each one pouring Lateral movements changed through the middle area within a minimum and maximum speed will. This can be done in a number of ways, but the easiest way is eccentric Arrangement of the drive sprocket 10 on the drive shaft 9, the idler sprocket 12 preferably makes full rotation in the same way on the idle shaft 11, as shown in FIG. Here the bolt 14 is just about to move from one of the tooth with the largest radius of the drive sprocket 10 corresponding zero position to enter the space of the middle surface. Since the drive shaft 9 is with rotates at a constant speed, the bolt has its maximum speed when it is in the position shown in FIG. 6 is the zero position shown. During a whole

Fig. 2 is a partially broken away 35 is arranged primarily around the transverse chain Side view of the device shown in Figure 1; to be kept taut at all times.

3 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the effect of this drive arrangement on the

the engine for the transverse movement of the furnace; horizontal speed of the furnace when loading

Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the arrangement of the movement through the central area is easily seen

Bolt that connects the transversely moving chain to the 40 by tracking the movement of the bolt 14 in

Furnace connects; Intervals of 30 ° each, while the drive shaft9 a

Fig. 5 is a broken away view of the engine for the transversely moving chain, with the reciprocal The location of the driving and idling sprockets is shown;

6, 7 and 8 together show the deviation of the furnace speed from the path of the billet, which connects the transversely moving chain of drives with the furnace, in the course of three full revolutions

of the drive sprocket, the path of the bolt running through 50 revolutions of the drive shaft 9 through the bolt 14 during a complete revolution of the drive chain - a cycloid orbit 20. The successive ones rades in Fig. 6, during one and a half revolutions in positions of the bolt on the track 20 at intervals Fig. 7 and during half a revolution in Fig. 8 of 30 ° are projected upwards onto a straight line, on is shown, and the points thus obtained with the corresponding

Fig. 9 shows schematically a developed base 55 degrees of rotation of the shaft 9 are designated, broke the thread pattern of a single thread pointing to The space between these grade designations

the length of the furnace during each 30 ° movement covered horizontal distance and therefore during the same time periods. It follows from this that the bolt decelerates from a maximum speed at 0 ° to a minimum speed at 180 ° and then accelerated again to a maximum at 360 °. This speed pattern can - and preferably is also - once or several times

a furnace 2 adapted to reciprocate 65 during each passage of the furnace through the on the rails, 4 is provided with rollers 3, drive center surface from the drive sprocket to the idler chain means repeated for the drum, consisting of a pinion.

variable speed motor, which has a variable speed The effect of the furnace speed arrangement

The device 6 which transmits its speed to the thread pattern of the central surface is shown in FIG. 9 connected to one end of the drum shaft, 70 shown on a schematic rectilinear

the drum has been wound up in the course of a full revolution of the drive sprocket, wherein this specific pattern is shown in a position corresponding to that shown in FIG.

contraption

The device shown in the drawings usually comprises a rotatably mounted drum 1,

Base shows a developed plan view of the helical pattern that is in the central area of a single thread during a single revolution of the drive shaft 9 and a larger number has been formed by revolutions of the drum. As can be seen here, the first line has 17 on the extreme left of Fig. 9 showing the during furnace movement corresponding to a sprocket movement represents from 0 to 30 ° laid thread, a certain length and a certain angularity in relation to on the circulation level. The next adjacent line, which is the next group of turns of the same Fadens and was placed during the movement of 30 to 60 ° is slightly shorter than the first thread, and its angle to the plane of rotation is smaller. Starting from this point and progressing by successive groups of turns, which are at intervals of 30 ° on the approaching one Side of the 180 ° position, which the furnace reaches at its minimum speed, can be seen that the length and angularity of the successive turns of thread decreases progressively. While now the speed of the oven is between. 180 and 360 ° increases, also increases gradually the length and angularity of the successive groups of turns of the same thread. If the pattern of the speed change after which the thread pattern according to FIG. 9 was generated during of a pass through the middle area is repeated several times, so is the thread pattern after FIG. 9 repeated corresponding times.

Displacement of the thread pattern

According to the invention, each thread pattern is offset in a position opposite the thread pattern in one or more preceding and following layers in that the furnace is subjected to one or more periods of change in its speed in the course of each of its transverse movements and also to an increase or decrease by a fraction of this speed period. While this can be done in a number of ways, the easiest way to accomplish this is to provide chain 13 with a number of links that is a multiple of the number of teeth on the drive sprocket plus or minus a fraction thereof. Assuming, for example, that the sprocket has 30 teeth and the chain is provided with 180 links, this means three full revolutions of the sprocket for each transverse run of the chain and six sprocket revolutions for each complete revolution of the chain. includes two cross aisles. In this case, each thread of a pattern that was placed on the forward traverse will cross the corresponding thread of the pattern placed on the reverse. If, on the other hand, a number of control links are added or subtracted from the chain that make up a fraction of the 30 teeth of the drive sprocket, those on the. Reverse gear pattern are offset from those placed on the forward gear. This is shown in FIGS. 6-8.

From Fig. 6 it can be seen that during one complete revolution of the driving and idling sprockets 10 and 12, the first cycloidal path 20 of the bolt 14 extends from the tip of the sprocket 10 to a point just before the driven sprocket 12. If one now assumes that the entire chain 13 is longer by three control elements than a multiple of the number of teeth on each sprocket, then the first path 20 shown in FIG. 6 is a distance of. one and a half links before reaching the chain wheel 12 to be over. As a result, during the next one and a half revolutions of the sprocket, the second cycloidal path 21 of the bolt 14 will consist of two sections labeled ^{21 ″ and 21 6.} The section 21 ^a will extend from the end of the track 20 to a point at which the bolt 14 reaches the sprocket 12. The second cycloidal path 21 of the bolt is then interrupted, while the bolt follows 180 ° along the circular path 22 of the relevant tooth of the idler sprocket 12 with which it meets. As soon as it ^{leaves the idler sprocket 1} , it resumes its movement on the second cycloidal path 21 at a point which corresponds to the point at which its path was interrupted. In Fig. 6 it is therefore assumed that the bolt on the track 21 'reaches the sprocket 12 at 380 °, i.e. 20 ° after a complete sprocket revolution, and, with this assumption, the bolt will become circular with the sprocket 12 on the track : Move 22 up to 560 °, where it leaves the path 22 and the chain wheel 12 at the same time and enters the second section 21 ^{δ of} the cycloidal path 21.

When the oven rotates one and a half turns from one end of the second cycloidal path 21 moved to the other, it will only move in one direction the first transverse run along 360 ° to the return point move at about 470 ° and then in the opposite direction along the second transverse run from the 470 ° return point to 900 °. When moving along the first transverse run from 360 to 470 ° the furnace is first decelerated from its maximum speed to a medium speed, while the bolt follows the cycloidal path 21 ° from 360 °, and secondly from this mean speed decelerated to zero speed while the bolt of the first half of the circular Path 22 from 380 to 470 ° follows. With his movement from 470 to 900 ° the furnace is first of all from the speed of zero accelerates to the said mean speed while the bolt follows the last half of the circular path 22 from 470 to 560 °, secondly, slows down from this average speed to the minimum speed, while the bolt follows the second cycloidal path 21 "from 470 to 720 °, and third accelerates from the minimum speed to the maximum speed, while the bolt accelerates the second cycloidal path 21 from 720 to 900 ° follows.

It has previously been assumed that the chain is three links longer than a multiple of one of the sprockets. With this assumption, the bolt remains; 14 at the end of its first cycloidal trajectory 20 at the first Cross run back one and a half links behind idler sprocket 12; as a result, the bolt remains at the end of the second cycloidal path 21 in the second transverse run by three links behind the drive sprocket 10 back.

Fig. 8 shows the trajectory of the bolt during the next half revolution necessary for completion of three full revolutions of the drive sprocket 12 from the zero point in Fig. 6 is required. Here too the bolt 14 begins its movement along the section 23 ″ of a third cycloidal path 23 and continues this until he hits the drive sprocket, 10, whereupon he follows the circular path 24 of the] Tooth of the drive sprocket 10 follows, with which its position coincides, the circular path

24 also extends over 180 °. When the drive sprocket 10 is half a turn from the 900 ° - Position completed and thus reached the 1080 ° position, the bolt is still missing three links Reaching the top of this sprocket.

It can now be seen that the minimum points shown in FIG. 6 on the first cycloidal path 20 at 180 ° and in Fig. 7 on the second cycloidal path 21 at 720 ° are reached against each other are offset and that the cyclodic orbits 20 and 21, taken as a whole, are in the same way are offset. As a result, the thread patterns corresponding to these tracks are also the same offset against each other.

In practical operation, a drive sprocket with 30 teeth and a chain with 183 links were used. In order to make every transverse run of the chain exactly the same, the teeth of the idler chain wheel are opposite the teeth of the drive sprocket offset by half a tooth pitch. This is shown in Fig. 5, where both sprockets are in their respective positions and one through the center of the drive shaft 9 and the drive sprocket 10 laid straight line halved a tooth of the drive sprocket while a corresponding, laid through the center of the idler sprocket 12 straight line the space between two adjacent ones Teeth cut in half.

Progressive compression

It is often desirable to have the thread tightness of a mat in the intended direction of the through the Mat passing air flow either continuously or through one or more individual incremental parts enlarge. In the air filter industry, this is known as progressive compression.

With a constant speed of the glass feed, the thread tightness can either be increased a) by increasing the speed of rotation of the drum, increasing the length chs from a given amount of glass drawn thread is increased and thus its diameter is reduced, or b) by increasing so ^ probably the speed of the drum as well as the speed of the transverse movement: the furnace in such Way that the ratio of the speed of the drum to that of the furnace remains unchanged. Both Changes require an increase in the speed of the drum.

The "fabric" of the mat can be made by changing the speed of the oven in relation to the drum can be varied. The successive turns of the thread lie at a relatively slow furnace speed close to each other; but if the relative furnace speed is increased, a progressive one occurs Increase- the distance between the successive turns a, and the angle at which they lie to the plane of rotation, are also larger.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. A process for the production of a multi-layer compacted fiber mat by winding a ground thread on the curved surface of a body of revolution in a plurality in one Direction of running screw turns from one edge of the surface to the other in shape a layer, characterized in that the distance between adjacent turns is in a layer of the basic thread (17) is changed in a regularly recurring manner. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a © plurality of layers wound on a cylinder is characterized in that the threads (17) of each layer do not overlap one another, but cross with the threads of the layers above or below. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that after winding a Thread layer of the base threads (17) on the finished layer in a number of further consecutive, in one direction of running helical turns is wound from the opposite end and that this winding is repeated alternately from both sides for so long until a multi-layer mat is created. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the basic thread is an off tape consisting of multiple threads is used. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that threads made of glass are used will. 6. The method according to claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the tubular Mat is cut lengthwise and then stretched in the axial direction. 7. The method according to claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the tubular Mat is made on a rotating drum (1) and that the speed of rotation the drum is continuously changed in one direction so that the density of the resulting thereon Mat gradually decreases. Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 592 516, 604 914,
681930, 710 689; Swiss Patent No. 201 921. 1 sheet of drawings © 609 867/176 3.57