DE10051787A1 - Heat-insulating brick production extrudes brick using lengthways-channeled core issuing to endface slot itself possibly partitioned to multiply cavities in extruded brick. - Google Patents

Abstract

The main body (1) of the core is channeled out (4a) on the extrusion pressure side along the body and issues into a slot (4) cut into the core body endface (3). The slot can be divided up or shaped to leave an islet and channel (5) stands open to the core exterior and ramps up in the extrusion direction and is here joined to the endface recess (4). The heat-insulating components formed by the core are intersected by cavities and their parting webs give a plan view in which the cavities are relatively offset in the direction of component thickness.

Description

The invention relates to a core and a frame for a Mouthpiece for the production of building blocks according to the generic term of claims 1 and 6, a mouthpiece, a device with a mouthpiece and a building block according to the generic term of Claims 9, 10 and 14 respectively.

State of the art

Thermally insulating building blocks, such as bricks, usually have perpendicular to the bed joint transverse to its thickness, which the Thickness of a resulting wall is determined, that is also across as many cavities as possible to the main heat flow direction, the most diverse closed forms of cut surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, such as rectangles, ellipses, Can have triangles or other polygons. The Material webs between the cavities become as thin as possible trained to on the one hand as many cavities as possible To be able to implement the width of the modules and on the other hand  To keep the material requirements for building block mass as small as possible. The web thicknesses previously realized in the prior art Blocks are usually around 4-8 mm. The Cavities that are building blocks made by extrusion usually about 8-10 mm wide. In the interest of increased Thermal insulation, these cavities are given in the above Main heat flow direction as narrow as possible, because in the case of narrow cavities, the thermal insulation capacity of the trapped air. For example, the Heat conduction in the rectangular cavity of a block a thickness of the cavity in the main heat flow direction of 12 mm 0.07 W / mK, with a thickness of 6 mm only 0.04 W / mK. However, the number of heat-conducting material webs is increasing with decreasing cavity thickness, which increases the thermal insulation capacity the building blocks deteriorated again. They can also Cavities delimiting cavities are not arbitrarily thin , because on the one hand, according to the current status of the Technology for each cavity a core in the mouthpiece, which the Building block in extrusion, anchoring what is in Bridge thicknesses below 8 mm becomes very complex and cost-intensive. Further limit the size and size of common mouthpieces Strength of the anchor the respective core in the core holder Screw the minimum cavity dimensions.

The thermal insulation properties of building blocks can go further be improved if the Increase thermal insulation capacity of the cavities.

In this regard, heat reflecting layers have already been applied tested the cavity surface to conduct heat in the To further reduce cavities, but this is not easy is inexpensive to implement.  

Object and advantages of the invention

The invention has for its object that Thermal insulation behavior of in particular already high to further improve heat-insulating building blocks.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 14 solved.

For the production of heat-insulating building blocks with a A variety of elongated cavities generally come Mouthpieces are used on which a large number of cores are arranged. The cores are made of building blocks Extrusion flows around, creating a cavity and webs existing module is formed, in which the Cross-sectional shape of the cavities from the outer shape of the cores is determined.

First, the invention starts from a core for a mouthpiece for the production of heat-insulating building blocks with a a mouthpiece attachable base body, the one End face that has the cross-sectional geometry of a Cavity in a block transverse to the direction of extrusion considered, defined. Usually the end faces and thus the cavities square in cross section, rectangular, elliptical, triangular, diamond-shaped, only to name individual form examples. The essential aspect of Invention lies in the fact that the base body one on the Extrusion pressure side beginning along the main body trained channel and in the end face in the recess that cuts the end face is provided in which ends the at least one channel. By this measure can be found within by the basic shape of the core defined the same basic shape of the cavity additional Form bar structures without additional cores required are. Under cutting into the face  Recess is understood in the sense of the invention that the Recess extends to the edge of the face, so in the recess pressed block mass with the Cavity-defining webs is connected. Are preferred the web structures formed in this way predominantly like this aligned that they are transverse to the thickness of the building block respectively to the main heat conduction direction. Through additional web structures within the cavities the thermal insulation properties of the building blocks improve significantly. Thereby the knowledge is used, that in cavities that are less than 16 mm thick, the Heat is transported primarily through heat radiation. In order to do not need the webs in the cavity completely across Thickness of the block can be formed. Rather shield already partial webs that cross in the direction of heat flow arranged walls delimiting the respective cavity and prevent heat transfer through radiation.

With the help of "divided" by recesses Core end faces become possible to create filigree bar structures generate that with conventional core arrangements in meaningfully not be realized. this applies especially if the cavities are already comparative are small, e.g. B. a thickness in the main heat flow direction of <10 mm and thus the formation of more across webs running in the direction of the hot flow in such Cavities are no longer possible in a conventional way is.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the End face at least one slot-shaped recess provided, which is in particular transverse to the thickness of the Building block extends. Preferably two are Recesses are provided on opposite sides.  

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the Invention divides the recess the end face of the Body. This can e.g. B. in the form of a continuous slit-shaped recess take place over the opposite channels when extruding with block mass is supplied and thus a continuous web in the cavity trains, which is advantageously transverse to the thickness of the Building block, respectively to the main heat flow direction is aligned.

In addition, it is particularly preferred if the Recess divided the end face so that a Island surface remains. For example, the core can be in the center of the Be provided with a bore on the face opposite points in a slot-shaped Recess merges so that the end face as a whole is divided. The slot-shaped recesses and the bore z. B. via also opposite channels Extrude supplied with building block mass. In addition, now a pin is inserted in the center of the hole so that the hole volume in the center during extrusion is hollowed out. So that the cavity z. B. in three Sub-cavities divided so that two opposite Cavities banana-like surround the central cavity.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the Invention, the channel is open to the outside of the base body and ramps up in the extrusion direction, with a connection to in the ramp-rising area the recess is provided in the end face. Especially with non-tapered cores when extruding coarser material parts via the ramp in the web areas that delimit the basic shape of the cavities postponed. Such material shares can thus Extrusion process of the conveniently thinner web structures do not interfere within the cavities by z. B. the  Block the connection or jam it in the recess. Rather, the ramp structure opens up due to the Self-cleaning the possibility, comparatively thin webs within the cavity extrude.

In addition to the cleaning effect, the ramp also has the Advantage that building block mass better in the from the channel in Ramp area branching channel area to the recess z. B. is groove-shaped, is pressed. at opposite groove-shaped recesses can, for. B. opposing partial webs are formed.

The invention also relates to a frame for a Mouthpiece for the production of heat-insulating building blocks, the the edges of a block in cross section perpendicular to Considered extrusion direction. As an essential The frame has at least one aspect on its inside an in beginning on the extrusion pressure side Extrusion direction channel formed along the frame on and is one of the in the end face of the frame Recessing recess provided on the inside, in which the at least one channel ends. With this measure it will possible, especially on vertical abutting surfaces of the Building blocks on which other building blocks adjoin to extrude webs that run across the Main heat flow direction. These bridges are in one on the butt surface in the extrusion direction Recess housed. Such recesses remain connected building blocks usually as cavities. Often there is a sequence of modules two recesses opposite and form a larger one Cavity. Through at least one web that runs across the Main heat flow direction in the respective cavity protrudes, the thermal insulation is improved. Because this Measure reduces heat transfer by radiation in  the cavities and also forms in the joint area of the Building blocks of a kind of labyrinth seal, the leakage currents of the air greatly reduced in the joint area. Preferably one Recess approximately web width, that is, it forms a slot that is 2 to 8 mm thick.

In the same way as for a core, the channel that is used for Recess leads to the inside of the body completely be open and viewed in the direction of extrusion, rise in a ramp, with a rising in a ramp Area a connection to the recess in the end face is provided.

The invention furthermore relates to heat-insulating building blocks from, in particular with the cores described above in Mouthpieces are assembled, manufactured, a variety of have internal cavities that penetrate the block and have webs which separate the cavities, the cavities separated by webs in the direction of the thickness of the Building block, or viewed in the main heat flow direction, form a basic form in which cavities predominate Part are staggered and / or regardless an offset arrangement of the cavities a thickness of Have voids of <12 mm. The essential aspect of The building block is now that at least one further web in at least part of the cavities transverse to the Main heat flow direction is formed. By this measure the heat transport can be reduced by heat radiation and thus the insulation behavior of such a module be significantly improved.

As already described above, the most varied Bridge structures, such as a continuous running separator or protruding from the side Partial bars are used.  

To as little material as possible for the additional Consuming web structures are at least partially thinner than the webs defining the basic shape.

drawings

Several embodiments of the invention are in the Drawings shown and with further advantages and details explained. Show it

Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a core in a perspective view;

Fig. 2a and 2b show a further embodiment of a core in a sectional side view and an end view,

Fig. 2c, the embodiment according to Fig. 2a and 2b in a reduced side view,

Fig. 3 to 5 bricks in a partial perspective view, in each of which the hole pattern can be seen, wherein a basic shape of cavities has further web structures and

Fig. 6 is a well-known from the prior art brick in a corresponding view as the bricks according to FIGS. 3 to 5.

Description of the embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a core 1 of the invention. To form a mouthpiece, a plurality of such cores 1 are arranged next to one another within a frame. For the production of bricks, building block mass is pressed through such a mouthpiece in an extrusion process.

The core 1 comprises a shaft 2 , via which the core 1 can be attached to a mouthpiece. The core 1 widens towards the front in the extrusion direction up to an end face 3 . The end face 3 defines the cross-sectional shape of elongated cavities of an extruded block. In the present case, the end face is compressed hexagonal, which also leads to compressed hexagonal cavities in the block. The end face 3 has a slot-shaped recess 4 with a width b that completely penetrates the end face 3 . The recess 4 merges into a slot 4 a of the same width, which divides the core 1 until just before the shaft area.

In addition, a groove-like depression 5 is formed in the area of opposite points, at which the slot 4 a laterally divides the core 1 , which is wider than the slot 4 a. The groove-like depression 5 rises in a ramp shape in the direction of the end face 3 .

With this configuration, two advantages are achieved in particular. First, coarse-grained components of a building block mass slide in a reliable manner into the edge region of the end face 3 on the ramp during extrusion. It is avoided that such components of the building block mass z. B. jam in slot 4 and hinder a clean extrusion process.

Furthermore, the ramp-shaped recess 5 ensures that the building block mass is better pressed into the slot 4 a during extrusion. In this way, a complete separating web can be reliably produced in the cavity defined by the outer contours of the end face 3 during the production of the building blocks.

The hole pattern of a complete brick 8 extruded with cores 1 can be seen in FIG. 4.

The outer contour of the end face 3 of the respective cores 1 defines the basic shape of hexagonal cavities 6 , which are separated from one another by webs 7 . Only in the edge region does the cross-sectional shape of the cavities deviate from the hexagon shape due to the edge 8 a of the brick 8 .

Through the slot 4 a and the corresponding recess 4 in the end face 3 , separating webs 7 a are each formed in the cavities 6, each dividing the cavity 6 into two sub-cavities 6 a, 6 b.

The dividers 7 a are oriented transversely to the thickness d of the brick 8 or to the main heat conduction direction. Since, in the cavities 6, due to the small geometry, the heat transport takes place predominantly by heat radiation, the additional web 7 a can be used to achieve an effective improvement in the insulation behavior of the brick 8 .

The hole pattern of a conventional brick 9 is illustrated in Fig. 6 for comparison. This shows the cavities 6 , which are not further provided with web structures.

In the event that a bore is provided in the core 1 in the end face 3 and a pin element is additionally positioned in this bore, which preferably terminates with the end faces, a brick 10 with a hole pattern according to FIG. 5 results the hexagonal cavities 6 are divided into two banana-shaped cavities 11 a and 11 b, which surround a circular cross-section cavity 11 c. If, on the other hand, the recess 4 is only formed at opposite edge points of the end face 3 , a brick is produced according to FIG. 3 and the hole pattern evident therefrom. With this brick 12 project into the cavities 6 oppositely arranged partial webs 13 a, 13 b. Since, as already explained above, the heat transport takes place mainly through radiation, the webs 13 a, 13 b already effectively contribute to shielding web sections 21 belonging to the wall of the respective cavities 6 , which significantly improves the insulation behavior of the brick 12 .

In FIGS. 2a to 2c, a core 14 is shown with which, in principle, a hole image according to the brick 12 of Fig. 3 with respect to the sub-webs 13 a, could be produced b, when a plurality of such cores are arranged in a mouthpiece.

For this purpose, the core 14 has recesses 15 , 16 lying opposite one another, which cut into the end face 19 of the core 14 . Behind the recesses 15 , 16 , the same slots 15 a, 16 a are provided in cross section. The slots 15 a, 16 a each merge into a wider groove-like depression 17 , 18 . At the transition point to the slots 15 a, 16 a, the groove-like recess 17 , 18 rises in a ramp shape.

The end face 19 of the core 14 is also hexagonal, but in contrast to the end face 3 of the core 1 is hexagonal at an angle.

The respective core 14 can be fastened in a mouthpiece via a continuous bore 20 with a corresponding screw (not shown). This allows a large number of cores 14 with a suitable orientation to be arranged in a mouthpiece in a simple manner.

The thermal insulation capacity of building blocks is determined by the measure described below further improved.

Recesses 22 running in the extrusion direction of the building blocks are often formed on vertically running abutment surfaces 23 of building blocks (see FIG. 3). Normally each recess 22 forms a cavity with a corresponding recess on the adjacent building block, which leads overall to an improvement in the thermal insulation of a wall made of such building blocks. The thermal insulation behavior can, however, be further improved if a web 24 arranged transversely to the main heat flow direction projects into the recesses 22 (see also FIG. 3). Such webs 24 reduce the heat transfer by radiation in the cavities of joined blocks and additionally reduce air flows in the joint area of the blocks.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

core

2

shaft

3

face

4

recess

4

a slot

5

groove-like depression

6

cavity

6

a cavity

6

b cavity

7

web

7

a separator

8th

brick

9

brick

10

brick

11

a cavity

11

b cavity

11

c cavity

12

brick

13

a footbridge

13

b bridge

14

core

15

recess

15

a slot

16

recess

16

a slot

17

groove-like depression

18

groove-like depression

19

face

20

drilling

21

web section

22

recess

23

abutting face

24

web

Claims (14)

1. Core ( 1 , 14 ) for a mouthpiece for producing heat-insulating building blocks ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) with a base body ( 1 , 14 ) which can be attached to a mouthpiece and which has an end face ( 3 , 19 ) which has the Cross-sectional geometry of a cavity ( 6 , 6 a, 6 b, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c) in a building block viewed transversely to the direction of extrusion, defined, characterized in that the base body ( 1 , 14 ) at least one beginning on the extrusion pressure side along the Basic body formed channel ( 4 a, 5 , 15 a, 16 a, 17 , 18 ) and in the end face ( 3 , 19 ) is provided in the end face ( 3 , 19 ) cutting recess ( 4 , 15 , 16 ), in which the at least one channel ( 4 a, 5 , 15 a, 16 a, 17 , 18 ) ends. 2. Core according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess ( 4 , 15 , 16 ) in the end face ( 3 , 19 ) is slit-shaped. 3. Core according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess ( 4 ) divides the end face. 4. Core according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the recess the end face such divided that an island surface remains. 5. Core according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel ( 5 , 17 , 18 ) to the outside of the base body ( 1 , 14 ) is open and viewed in the extrusion direction rises in a ramp shape, with a connection to the recess in the ramp-like area ( 4 , 15 , 16 ) is provided in the end face ( 3 , 19 ). 6. Frame for a mouthpiece for the production of heat-insulating building blocks ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ), which defines the edges of a building block viewed in cross section perpendicular to the direction of extrusion, characterized in that the frame on its inside at least one beginning on the extrusion pressure in Extrusion direction along the frame formed channel and in the end face of the frame a slit-shaped recess is provided from the inside, in which the at least one channel ends. 7. mouthpiece for the production of heat-insulating building blocks ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) with at least one core ( 1 , 14 ) and / or frame according to one of the preceding claims. 8. Device for producing heat-insulating building blocks ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) with a mouthpiece according to claim 7. 9. Insulating module ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) with a plurality of internal cavities ( 6 ) which pass through the module ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) and with webs ( 7 ) which separate the cavities ( 6 ) , wherein the cavities ( 6 ) separated by webs ( 7 ), viewed in the direction of the thickness of the building block, form a basic shape, in which cavities are largely offset from one another, characterized in that at least one further web ( 7 , 13 a, 13 b ) is formed in at least part of the cavities ( 6 ) transversely to the main heat flow direction. 10. Insulating module ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) with a plurality of internal cavities ( 6 ) which pass through the module ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 ) and with webs ( 7 ) which separate the cavities ( 6 ) , the cavities ( 6 ) separated by webs, viewed in the direction of the thickness of the module, for the most part having a thickness of 12 mm, characterized in that at least one further web ( 7 a, 13 a, 13 b) in at least some of the cavities ( 6 ) is formed transversely to the main heat flow direction. 11. Module according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a separating web ( 7 a) is provided at least in a part of the cavities ( 6 ). 12. Module according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least one partial web ( 13 a, 13 b) is provided in at least part of the cavities ( 6 ). 13. Module according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least part of the further webs ( 7 , 13 a, 13 b) is thinner than the webs ( 7 a) defining the basic shape. 14. Heat-insulating building block, which has at least one recess ( 22 ) running in the extrusion direction of the building block on the vertical abutting surface ( 23 ) to be connected to building blocks, which remains in the joined state of building blocks as a cavity, in particular according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized that at least one web ( 24 ) is formed in the recess ( 22 ) transversely to the main heat flow direction.