DE10014996A1 - Laundry fixation - Google Patents

Abstract

Sensitive textiles are usually washed by hand in order to prevent the considerable signs of wear caused by machine washing, such as shrinking, pilling and fuzzing. However, washing by hand is very unpopular since it is very time-consuming. Sensitive items of laundry can also be machine-washed if a device is used to protect the textiles. The inventive device is a piece of fabric consisting of a smooth, tear-resistant and extensible material, which can be rolled about an axis perpendicularly to the longest dimension. Said fabric is water-permeable and the items of laundry are fixed by means of this device.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for fixing laundry items as well as a washing process for delicate laundry items.

Machine wash delicate items, especially those made of wool, mechanically stressed. This can damage the laundry arise, which are usually perceived as signs of wear. It is damage such as shrinking the laundry, loss of Tear resistance as well as pilling or lint formation.

Because of these undesirable effects, such sensitive textiles are usually used Hand washed. The hand wash, in turn, is also unpopular because it is very popular is time-consuming and direct skin contact with the wash liquor is difficult can be avoided. Therefore, there is a need for a solution that allows it, too Machine wash delicate items of laundry using the ones described above Signs of wear do not occur or only to a small extent.

It has now been found that such textiles can be machine washed can, if a certain device to protect the textiles is used.

A first object of the present invention is accordingly a device to fix items of laundry during machine washing, thereby is characterized that it is a piece of fabric that is made of a smooth, tear-resistant and stretchable material and around an axis perpendicular to the longest Expansion can be rolled, the fabric is permeable to water.

Advantages of the device according to the invention when used in a washing process are in particular a significant reduction in shrinkage, pilling and formation of lint when washing delicate items.  

Further subjects of the invention are therefore:
The use of a fixer to reduce the shrinkage of delicate laundry items when washing.
The use of a fixer to reduce the pilling of delicate laundry items when washing.
The use of a fixing device to reduce the lint formation of delicate laundry items during washing.

The piece of fabric preferably has a length and a perpendicular to it measured width in the range from 0.2 m to 1.5 m. These preferred Dimensions result from the usual dimensions of Garments and the other from the typical size of the drums of Household washing machines. The piece of fabric can be square, however, it preferably takes a rectangular shape with the shorter side length preferably serves as an axis around which the roll is made.

The rolling of the piece of fabric serves to fix the textiles and is as found was essential to the invention, because of this roll fixation the shrinkage of the laundry is significantly reduced. It is preferred according to the invention that the piece of fabric has a device for fixing in the rolled state. So can be ensured that the roll fixation is maintained during the washing process remains. Allow preferred fixation devices for fixation in the rolled state a fixation in different positions. It is preferably the fixation device around a device selected from the group consisting of Velcro closures, zippers, zip-o-lock closures, press studs and buttons with Includes buttonholes.

In a preferred variant, the piece of fabric can be a sack with an opening be designed. In this case, the textile is placed in the opening, smoothed and then fixed by rollers.

In a particularly preferred variant, the piece of fabric is a Rectangular cloth with fixation devices attached to the side to prevent it from turning the edges allow. The textile is simply laid flat on the piece of fabric here;  the edges are folded over to secure the textile against slipping, and then the piece of fabric is rolled up together with the textile.

The fabrics suitable according to the invention must have a certain combination of Have properties that partly depend on the chemical structure of the fibers and partly depend on the fabric structure.

What is desired is a fabric that is permeable to water, but itself absorbs little water. Accordingly, fibers are preferred which have hydrophobic surfaces. Polyester, polyamide and polyurethane fibers are particularly worth mentioning here. Because of their water absorption capacity, natural fibers such as wool and cotton are less suitable according to the invention. The structure of the fabric is essential for rapid water permeability. The water permeability is directly dependent on the mesh size and can therefore be measured either via the size of the mesh or via the flow rate of gases or liquids. Fabrics preferred according to the invention have mesh sizes above 0.05, in particular above 0.1 mm ² . If air permeability (according to DIN EN ISO 9237) is considered as a parameter, it is preferred according to the invention if it is above 500 l / (m ² s); Fabrics to be used particularly advantageously have air permeability of at least 1000 l / (m ² s). The values refer to a measurement with a pressure difference of 1 mbar.

Furthermore, the fabric should be as smooth as possible, so as not to remove the delicate laundry item to claim yourself. In practice, a fabric is sufficiently smooth when the Rubbing a woolen fabric on the fabric does not hang wool fibers on the fabric stay. Fabrics made from the synthetic fibers already mentioned meet this requirement in appropriately.

Furthermore, fabrics which are preferably to be used according to the invention are stretchable and have a certain stiffness. Since the devices according to the invention in the Application usually be rolled, the stiffness of the fabric must be so low be that a rolling of the fabric is possible without special effort. The finished one Roll in turn should have such a high strength that it is during washing does not kink. It has been shown that it is advantageous if the bending stiffness of the pre-washed material (bending angle 30 °; 10 g weight) at least 0.5% is.  

Furthermore, it is preferred according to the invention if the fixing device is direct Contains detergent or is prepared to receive a detergent portion, the Device is preferably either impregnated with a liquid detergent or an arrangement, for example and preferably contains a pocket into which a pre-portioned detergent, for example and preferably a detergent tablet or a water-soluble detergent capsule or a water-soluble detergent bag, can be given. In another preferred embodiment, the Device for washing aids or for receiving a serving of washing aids is prepared, the device preferably using either a fabric softener, a discoloration inhibitor, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, or a fragrance preparation is impregnated or contains an arrangement, for example and preferably one integrated bag or a bag in which a supply of a washing aid, for example on fragrance pearls or discoloration inhibitor. So it can Fixing device also serve as a dosing device, or if a washing machine or detergent portion is incorporated, dispensing can be dispensed with entirely. Accordingly, it is particularly preferred if that contained in the device Detergent or the washing aid contained in the device evenly over several washes is released.

Another object of the invention is equipment for washing sensitive Textiles, which is characterized in that it has a fixing device and a Laundry detergent, preferably a mild or wool detergent, especially a contains liquid mild detergent or wool detergent. In particular, it is preferred if this Equipment contains a bleach, preferably a liquid oxygen bleach.

The washing and washing aids to be used according to the invention can in principle all contain known and common ingredients in such agents. As essential Ingredients of the detergents according to the invention can primarily be anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants can be mentioned.

Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups. Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C ₉ -C ₁₃ alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, that is to say mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ monoolefins having an end or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Also suitable are the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, which by α-sulfonation of the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin with 8 to 20 ° C. - Atoms in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to water-soluble mono-salts are considered. These are preferably the α-sulfonated esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, with sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid, in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3% by weight. -%, may be present. In particular, α-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters are preferred which have an alkyl chain with no more than 4 carbon atoms in the ester group, for example methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters and butyl esters. The methyl esters of α-sulfofatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts, are used with particular advantage.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters which are mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as they are produced by Esterification by a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or during the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol can be obtained.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half-esters of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based, straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are particularly preferred from the point of view of washing technology. 2,3-Alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from the Shell Oil Company under the name DAN®, are also suitable anionic surfactants.

Also suitable are the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C ₇ -C ₂₁ alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl branched C ₉ -C ₁₁ alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are normally used in washing and washing aids only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

The preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C ₈ to C ₁₈ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which are nonionic surfactants in themselves. Again, sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Other anionic surfactants include fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example example of N-methyl taurine (tauride) and / or of N-methyl glycine (sarcoside). The sarcosides or sarcosinates and are particularly preferred here mainly sarcosinates of higher and possibly single or multiple unsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate.

Soaps, for example in quantities, come in particular as further anionic surfactants from 0.2% to 5% by weight. Saturated fat is particularly suitable acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.  

The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, can be in the form of their sodium, Potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts. Anionic Surfactants in detergents according to the invention are preferably in amounts of 1% by weight. % to 35 wt .-% and in particular in amounts of 5 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol is linear or preferably in the 2 position can be methyl-branched or can contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C ₉ -C ₁₁ alcohols with 7 EO, C ₁₃ -C ₁₅ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alcohol with 3 EO and C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

The nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x , in which R is a primary, straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number - which, as an analytically determinable variable, can also take fractional values - between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups:

The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in which R ³ for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ⁴ for a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ⁵ for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or is an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred, and [Z] for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this radical. [Z] is also preferably obtained here by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international patent application WO 95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

Another class of preferred non-ionic surfactants, which either as sole, nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides,  are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the Alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, such as those found in Japanese Patent application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably according to the in the international patent application WO 90/13533 become.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-di methylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanol amides can be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferred not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than that Half of it. It is preferred according to the invention if the nonionic surfactants are in the form the granules according to the invention are used; however, it can also be preferred be if only a part or only certain nonionic surfactants over the Granules according to the invention are introduced into the agent.

So-called gemini surfactants can be considered as further surfactants. Below are generally understood such compounds that two hydrophilic groups per Own molecule. These groups are usually separated by a so-called "spacer" separated from each other. This spacer is usually a carbon chain that is long enough should be that the hydrophilic groups are sufficiently spaced so that they can act independently. Such surfactants are characterized in generally due to an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the Ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In out In the Gemini surfactants term, not only are such "dimers" but also understood accordingly "trimeric" surfactants. Suitable gemini surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers or dimer alcohol bis and Trimer alcohol tris sulfates and ether sulfates. End group capped, dimeric and trimeric Mixed ethers are particularly characterized by their bi- and multifunctionality. So the end-capped surfactants mentioned have good wetting properties and are low-foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in mechanical Washing or cleaning processes are suitable. Gemini can also be used. Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly-polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.  

The agents according to the invention usually contain a builder system consisting of at least one organic and / or inorganic builder.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their Polycarboxylic acids that can be used are sodium salts, with polycarboxylic acids being such Carboxylic acids are understood that carry more than one acid function. For example these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, Tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not for ecological reasons objectionable, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of Polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.

The acids themselves can also be used. The acids have besides theirs Builder effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH value of washing or washing aids. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, To name glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example those Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _{W of} the respective acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was made against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight have from 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, can this group in turn the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, preferably his.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid have proven particularly suitable Contain 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative Molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be either as a powder or as an aqueous solution be used. The amount of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also allylsulfonic acids, such as for example allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer contain.

Biodegradable polymers of more than two are also particularly preferred various monomer units, for example those which are salts of the monomers Acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or the as monomers, salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives contain.

Other preferred copolymers are those described in the German patent applications DE-A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 are described and as monomers preferably acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate exhibit.

Likewise, further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to name their salts or their precursors. Are particularly preferred  Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which in the German Patent application DE-A-195 40 086 discloses that in addition to cobuilder Properties also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are obtained by converting Dialdehydes with polyol carboxylic acids, which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 Have hydroxyl groups can be obtained. Preferred polyacetals will be from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and obtained from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches can be. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to conventional methods, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed processes are carried out. It is preferably Hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500000 g / mol. there is a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, particularly preferred from 2 to 30, DE being a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which have a DE of 100 owns. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 can be used and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called Yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30000 g / mol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known from numerous publications. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A-196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are also preferred Ethylene diamine disuccinate are other suitable cobuilders. Here, ethylenediamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts  used. Glycerol disuccinates are also preferred in this context and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are in zeolite and / or formulations containing silicate at 3 to 15% by weight.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated Hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which have at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one Contain hydroxy group and a maximum of two acid groups. Such cobuilders will described for example in international patent application WO 95/20029.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt used, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9) responds. The preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) as well as their higher homologues in question. They are preferably in the form of neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta and Octa sodium salt of DTPMP, used. As a builder, the class becomes the Phosphonates preferably used HEDP. The aminoalkane phosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, it can, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, aminoalkanephosphonates are preferred, use in particular DTPMP, or mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned to use.

In addition, all compounds that are able to complex with To train alkaline earth ions are used as cobuilders.

A preferred inorganic builder is finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite, preferably zeolite A, X and / or P. However, mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Zeolite P is, for example, zeolite MAP (e.g. B. Doucil A24; commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Of particular interest is also a cocrystallized sodium / potassium aluminum silicate from zeolite A and zeolite X, which is commercially available as VEGOBOND AX® (commercial product from Condea Augusta SpA). The zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension that is still moist from its manufacture. In the event that the zeolite is used as a suspension, it may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups , C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 10 to 22% by weight, in particular 15 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the zeolite are layer silicates of natural and synthetic origin. Their usability is not limited to a special composition or structural formula. However, smectites, in particular bentonites, are preferred here. Also crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} . yH ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are suitable for the substitution of zeolites or phosphates. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate are Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ . yH ₂ O preferred.

The preferred builder substances also include amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular of 1: 2 to 1: 2,6, which are delayed release and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional, amorphous sodium silicates can have been brought about in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Compacted / compacted, amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried, X-ray amorphous silicates are particularly preferred.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as Builder substances possible, provided that such use is not for ecological reasons should be avoided. The sodium salts are particularly suitable Orthophosphate, the pyrophosphate and especially the tripolyphosphate. Your salary generally not more than 25% by weight, preferably not more than 20% by weight, each based on the finished product. In some cases it has been shown that in particular tripolyphosphates in small amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight, based on the finished agent, in combination with other builder substances to form one lead to synergistic improvement of secondary washing ability.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate and sodium percarbonate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. The bleaching agent content of the agents is 0 to 30% by weight and in particular 5 to 25% by weight, advantageously using perborate monohydrate or percarbonate.

To be one when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve improved bleaching effects, bleach activators can be incorporated. As bleach activators can be compounds that are under perhydrolysis conditions  aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 up to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, be used. Substances containing the O- and / or N-acyl groups are suitable mentioned number of carbon atoms and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines are preferred, in particular Tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy 2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated. These substances are to bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as for example Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts.

Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, Cellulases or their mixtures in question. Bak are particularly well suited strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus-derived, enzymatic active ingredients. Proteases are preferably from Subtilisin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus, used. There are enzyme mixtures, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, in particular, however, cellulase-containing mixtures of particular interest. Also Peroxidases or oxidases have proven to be suitable in some cases. The Enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances, to protect them against premature decomposition.

In addition, components can also be used, which the oil and Grease washability from textiles has a positive effect (so-called soil repellents).  

This effect is particularly evident when a textile that is already soiled previously several times with a detergent according to the invention that this oil and contains fat-dissolving component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as Methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups from 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and those from the prior art known polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or of their Derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or Polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified Derivatives of these. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of are particularly preferred Phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.

The washing and washing aids can contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similar compounds, instead of the morpholino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. In addition, brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis ( 2- sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- ( 2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Dyes and fragrances are added to detergents and washing aids in order to to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and the consumer in addition to the Softness performance a visually and sensory "typical and distinctive" product to provide. Individual as perfume oils or fragrances Fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, Aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzyl carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. To the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals  8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, ∝- Isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, Geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, to the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes like limes and pinene. However, are preferred Mixtures of different fragrances are used, which together make an appealing Generate fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures contain as they are accessible from plant sources, e.g. B. pine, citrus, jasmine, Patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, Chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, Vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, Orange peel oil and sandalwood oil. Usually the content of washing and Washing aids on dyes below 0.01% by weight, while fragrances up to 2% by weight can make up the entire wording.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the washing and washing aids; it but can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to the carrier, which increase the liability of the perfume on the laundry and by a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles. As such carrier materials have become For example, cyclodextrins have proven to be the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can also be coated with other auxiliaries.

To improve the aesthetic impression of washing and washing aids, you can they are dyed with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, their selection the expert has no difficulty, have a high storage stability and Insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agent and to light as well no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to dye them.

The bulk density of the advantageously granular washing and / or auxiliary washing agents is preferably at least about 600 g / l, in particular 650 to 1100 g / l. It can however, means are also used which have a lower bulk density exhibit. In particular, it may be preferred to use granular agents Put together individual components in a kind of modular system.  

In addition to the fixing device and the equipment containing the fixing device Another object of the invention is a method for machine washing sensitive laundry items, where the delicate laundry items lay flat on a device laid out flat, the device with the laundry items rolled tight and rolled closed and then the so fixed Items of laundry are subjected to a conventional machine washing process. So far If there are stains on the items of laundry, it may be preferable if that Piece of laundry before rolling, especially in areas with heavy soiling a liquid or gel or paste-like washing or washing aid, especially a liquid bleach is treated.

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples.  

Examples contraption

A device according to the invention for fixing laundry items is shown in FIG. 1.

List of reference numerals used in the figure

1

PES-5 piece of fabric

2

Velcro

2

a soft part of the Velcro

2

b rough part of the Velcro

3rd

Button or push button top bar

4

Buttonhole or press stud bottom strips

5

Direction of impact

6

Roll direction

The device shown consists of a rectangular PES-5 fabric piece 1 measuring 69 × 92 cm (PES 5: polyester fabric; item no. 5 from Boos). In the outer areas of the piece of fabric, Velcro strips 2 are attached, which, after the edges of the piece of fabric have been folded over, enable these edges to be fixed in place. The turning can be done continuously, since the soft part of the Velcro 2 a is designed continuously, so that the rough part 2 b adheres in any position. Furthermore, the device shown has a button strip 3 at the (after rolling) outer end. As a counterpart to this, buttonhole strips 4 are attached at a distance of 29 and 37 cm to the button strip, which allow the device to be fixed in the rolled state.

In use, the device is spread out as shown. The sensitive item of laundry is placed smoothly on this base, then the right or left edges 5 in the illustration are turned over to fix the item of laundry and fixed with the aid of the Velcro strips 2 . The device is then rolled up tightly together with the item of laundry from the lower end in the illustration 6 . The fixation in the rolled-up position is performed by means of the button panel 3 and the corresponding buttonhole strips 4, wherein the buttonhole strip 4 is used, which is located after the rolling up of the button strip 3 closest.

tissue

Fixing devices were made from the following materials:

Lycra®: trade name of DuPont; Blended fabric made of 81% polyamide and 19% Elastan®;
Elastic textile®: trade name of Boos (Art.No. 9830); Blended fabric made of 69% polyamide and 31% Elastan®;
PES 5: polyester fabric; (Art. No. 5; Boos);
PES 7: polyester fabric; (Art. No. 7; Boos);
Curtain fabrics: polyester fabric;
White nettle: cotton fabric.

In FIGS. 2-7 micrographs of tissue are given:

Figs. 2a and 2b Lycra®;

FIGS. 3a and 3b Elastic textile®;

FIGS. 4a and 4b PES 5;

FIGS. 5a and 5b PES 7;

Figs. 6a and 6b Gardi Enge THAT CONDITION;

Fig. 7a and 7b bleached cotton.

Relevant parameters were determined for these tissues:

The mesh size was determined using video light microscopy (see also Fig. 2-7). Average values are given in the table.

The air permeability of the fabric was determined at a pressure difference of 1 mbar DIN EN ISO 9237 determined.

The bending stiffness was determined on pre-washed material in accordance with DIN 53864. The Measurement was carried out at a bending angle of 30 ° and using a weight of 10 g.

The two polyester fabrics proved to be particularly suitable according to the invention, as well as the Lycra fabric. Because of their lower strength, they are less suitable elastic textile and the curtain fabric. The bleaching nettle tissue is unsuitable; it is not hydrophobic, has a mesh size that is too narrow and therefore too small Air permeability and insufficient flexural strength.

Washing attempts

Experiments were carried out in a Miele W918 washing machine to investigate the influence of fabric fixation on the wear and tear of delicate laundry items during machine washing. The washes were carried out at a maximum temperature of 40 ° C and with water of a defined hardness of 16 ° d. Various washing programs were used:

A was used as a test fabric to simulate a delicate item of laundry shrink-sensitive, checkered wool fabric (IWS-SM12-A1; international wool seal Bandage) in size 0.35 × 0.40 m or a cashmere scarf when examining the Lint formation.

Influence of the fixing device

The shrinkage is calculated from the change in the area of the rectangular piece of fabric and results from the following formula:

In experiments E1-E6 and V4-V6, a bag was used as the fixation device a closable opening used. These experiments show that the tissue used is of great importance for the effect. The invention preferred Lycra fabric gives significantly better results than curtain fabrics and white nettle.  

Influence of the bag construction

The experiments show that the laundry bag has the best results when used in rolled form (E8).

Results of the preferred fixation device

A fixing device according to Fig. 1 was used.

It turns out that the results of the preferred fixation device (E9) also with regard the fluff formation is excellent.  

Influence of tissue materials

A fixing device according to Fig. 1 was used.

It can be seen that elastic textile, when used as the material for the fixing device according to FIG. 1, delivers significantly worse results than Lycra and the polyester fabrics.

Claims (19)

1. Device for fixing laundry items during machine washing, characterized in that it is a piece of fabric ( 1 ) which consists of a smooth, tear-resistant and stretchable material and can be rolled ( 6 ) around an axis perpendicular to the longest dimension, the fabric being permeable to water. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piece of fabric a length and a width measured perpendicular to it in the range of Has 0.2 m to 1.5 m. 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the piece of fabric has a device for fixing in the rolled state ( 3 , 4 ). 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Piece of fabric is designed as a sack with an opening. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the piece of fabric is a rectangular cloth with laterally attached fixing devices ( 2 b), which allow the edges to be turned. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixing device for fixing in the rolled state ( 3 , 4 ) allows fixing in different positions and the fixing device is a device selected from the group, the Velcro fasteners , Zips, zip-o-lock closures, press studs and buttons with buttonholes. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Tissue piece itself absorbs little water, preferably from one Material consists of a hydrophobic surface, which in particular  preferably made of polyester, polyamide and polyurethane fibers based material is selected. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the piece of fabric has mesh sizes above 0.05, in particular above 0.1 mm ² and / or an air permeability (according to DIN EN ISO 9237) above 500 l / (m ² s) preferably of at least 1000 l / (m ² s). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the Piece of fabric a bending stiffness of the prewashed material (bending angle 30 °; 10 g weight) of at least 0.5%. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Device contains detergent or for receiving a detergent portion is prepared, wherein the device is preferably either with a Liquid detergent is impregnated or an arrangement, preferably one Bag contains a pre-portioned detergent, preferably one Detergent tablet or a water-soluble detergent capsule or a water-soluble detergent pouch. 11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the Device contains washing aids or for taking up a Serving agent portion is prepared, the device preferably either with a fabric softener, a discoloration inhibitor or one Fragrance preparation is impregnated or an arrangement, preferably one contains an integrated pouch or a bag in which a supply of one Washing aids, preferably on fragrance pearls or discoloration inhibitor, contain is. 12. The device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the detergent contained in the device or that in the device contained washing aid is released evenly over several washes.   13. Equipment for washing delicate textiles, characterized in that and a device according to one of claims 1 to 12 and Laundry detergent, preferably a mild or wool detergent, in particular contains a liquid mild detergent or wool detergent. 14. Equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that it is a bleach, preferably contains a liquid oxygen bleach. 15. A method for machine washing delicate items of laundry, in which the sensitive items of laundry flat on a flat-out device be placed one of claims 1 to 12, the device with the Items of laundry are rolled tightly and rolled and then closed thus fixed items of laundry using a customary, mechanical washing process be subjected. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the item of laundry before rolling, especially in areas of heavy soiling, with a liquid or gel or pasty washing or washing aids, especially a liquid Bleach, being treated. 17. Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for Reduce the shrinkage of delicate items when washing. 18. Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for Reducing the pilling of delicate laundry items when washing. 19. Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for Reduction of lint formation on delicate laundry items during washing.