WO2001073183A1

WO2001073183A1 - Laundry fixing

Info

Publication number: WO2001073183A1
Application number: PCT/EP2001/003025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Maria Liphard; Ingrid Kraus; Ursula Zapke
Original assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date: 2000-03-25
Filing date: 2001-03-16
Publication date: 2001-10-04
Also published as: AU5038501A; DE10014996A1

Abstract

Sensitive textiles are usually washed by hand in order to prevent the considerable signs of wear caused by machine washing, such as shrinking, pilling and fuzzing. However, washing by hand is very unpopular since it is very time-consuming. Sensitive items of laundry can also be machine-washed if a device is used to protect the textiles. The inventive device is a piece of fabric consisting of a smooth, tear-resistant and extensible material, which can be rolled about an axis perpendicularly to the longest dimension. Said fabric is water-permeable and the items of laundry are fixed by means of this device.

Description

"Laundry fixation"

The present invention relates to a device for fixing laundry items and a washing method for delicate laundry items

When washing by machine, sensitive items of washing, especially those made of wool, are mechanically stressed. Damage to the washing, which is generally perceived as wear and tear, can occur. Damage such as shrinking of the items to be washed, loss of tear strength, as well as pilling or fluff

Because of these undesirable effects, such delicate textiles are mostly washed by hand.However, hand washing is also unpopular, since it is very time-consuming and direct skin contact with the washing liquor is difficult to avoid.Therefore, there is a need for a solution that also allows delicate washing items to be machine-washed to wash, whereby the above-mentioned wear and tear does not occur or only occurs to a small extent

It has now been found that such textiles can be machine washed if a certain device is used to protect the textiles

A first object of the present invention is accordingly a device for fixing laundry items during machine washing, which is characterized in that it is a piece of fabric that consists of a smooth, tear-resistant and stretchable material and is rolled about an axis perpendicular to the longest dimension can, the fabric being permeable to water

Advantages of the device according to the invention when used in a washing process are, in particular, a significant reduction in shrinkage, fungus and lint formation when washing sensitive laundry items. Further subject matter of the invention are therefore The use of a fixation device to reduce shrinkage more sensitive

Wash items when washing

The use of a fixation device to reduce mushroom sensitivity

Wash items when washing

The use of a fixer to reduce lint formation more sensitive

Wash items when washing

The piece of fabric preferably has a length and a width measured perpendicular to it, in each case in the range from 0.2 m to 1.5 m. These preferred dimensions result on the one hand from the usual dimensions of clothing and on the other hand from the typical size of the drums of Household washing machines The piece of fabric can be square, but preferably it takes on a rectangular shape, the shorter side length preferably serving as an axis around which the roll is made

The rolling of the piece of fabric serves to fix the textiles and, as was found, is essential to the invention, since this roll fixation significantly reduces the shrinkage of the laundry. According to the invention, it is preferred that the piece of fabric has a device for fixing in the rolled state it can be ensured that the roll fixation is retained during the washing process. Preferred fixation devices for fixation in the rolled state allow fixation in different positions. The fixation device is preferably a device selected from the group of the Velcro fasteners, zippers, zip-o Lock closures, press studs and buttons with button perforated strips are included

In a preferred variant, the piece of fabric can be designed as a sack with an opening. In this case, the textile is placed in the opening, smoothed and then fixed by rollers

In a particularly preferred variant, the piece of fabric is a rectangular cloth with side-mounted fixation devices that allow the edges to be turned in. The textile is simply placed smoothly on the piece of fabric, the edges are turned over to secure the textile from slipping and the fabric is then rolled up together with the textile

The fabrics suitable according to the invention must have a certain combination of properties which depend partly on the chemical structure of the fibers and partly on the tissue structure

Desired is a fabric that is permeable to water, but does not absorb much water.Fibers with hydrophobic surfaces are preferred.Polyester, polyamide and polyurethane fibers are particularly worth mentioning.For their water absorption capacity, natural fibers such as wool and Cotton The fabric structure is essential for the rapid water permeability. The water permeability is directly dependent on the mesh size and can therefore be measured either via the size of the mesh or via the flow rate of gases or liquids. Fabrics preferred according to the invention have mesh sizes above 0. 05, in particular above 0.1 mm ² If air permeability (according to DIN EN ISO 9237) is considered as a parameter, it is preferred according to the invention if it is above 500 l / (m ² s), particularly advantageously used fabrics have air permeability g- at least 1000 l / (m ² s) The values relate to a measurement with a pressure difference of 1 mbar

Furthermore, the fabric should be as smooth as possible so as not to stress the delicate laundry itself. In practice, a fabric is sufficiently smooth when no wool fibers are caught on the fabric when rubbing a wool fabric onto the fabric. Fabrics made of the synthetic fibers already mentioned fulfill these Condition in an appropriate manner

Furthermore, fabrics which are preferably to be used according to the invention are stretchable and have a certain stiffness.As the devices according to the invention are usually rolled in use, the stiffness of the fabric must be so low that the fabric can be rolled without any particular effort have high strength that they do not during washing buckled. It has been shown that it is advantageous if the bending stiffness of the prewashed material (bending angle 30 °; 10 g weight) is at least 0.5%.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to the invention if the fixing device contains detergent directly or is prepared for receiving a detergent portion, the device preferably being either impregnated with a liquid detergent or containing an arrangement, for example and preferably a pocket, into which a pre-portioned detergent, for example and preferably a detergent tablet or a water-soluble detergent capsule or a water-soluble detergent pouch. In another preferred embodiment, the device contains washing aids or is prepared for receiving a portion of washing aids, the device preferably being either impregnated with a fabric softener, a discoloration inhibitor, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, or a fragrance preparation or containing an arrangement, for example and preferably an integrated bag or a bag in which a supply of a washing aid, for example fragrance pearls or discoloration inhibitor, is contained. Thus, the fixing device can simultaneously serve as a dosing device, or if a portion of washing or auxiliary washing agent is incorporated directly, dosing can be dispensed with entirely. Accordingly, it is particularly preferred if the detergent contained in the device or the washing aid contained in the device is uniformly released over several washes.

Another object of the invention is an equipment for washing delicate textiles, which is characterized in that it contains a fixing device and a laundry detergent, preferably a mild or wool detergent, in particular a liquid mild or wool detergent. In particular, it is preferred if this equipment contains a bleaching agent, preferably a liquid oxygen bleaching agent.

The washing and washing aids to be used according to the invention can in principle contain all the known ingredients customary in such agents. Anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and / or zwitterionic surfactants can primarily be mentioned as essential ingredients of the detergents according to the invention. Suitable anionic surfactants are in particular soaps and those which contain sulfate or sulfonate groups. The surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably Cg. ₁₃ - Alkylbenzoisulfonates, olefin sulfonates, that is to say mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C ₁₂ .i ₈ monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products receives. Alkanesulfonates which are derived from C ₁₂ are also suitable. ₁₈ -alkanes can be obtained, for example, by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Also suitable are the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, which are obtained by α-sulfonation of the methyl esters of fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal origin with 8 to 20 ° C. -Atoms in the fatty acid molecule and subsequent neutralization to form water-soluble mono-salts. These are preferably the α-sulfonated esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, with sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid, in small amounts, preferably in amounts not above about 2 to 3% by weight. %, can be present. In particular, α-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters are preferred which have an alkyl chain with no more than 4 carbon atoms in the ester group, for example methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters and butyl esters. The methyl esters of α-sulfofatty acids (MES), but also their saponified disalts, are used with particular advantage.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycides, which are mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, such as those produced by esterification by a monoglycene with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles Glycerin can be obtained.

The alkali and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of C ₁₂ are used as alk (en) yl sulfates. ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or C ₁₀ . ₂₀ -oxoalcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based, straight-chain alkyl radical which has an analogous degradation behave like the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. C ₁₂ ι ₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ are of interest in washing technology. ₁₅ -alkyl sulfates and C _14-15 -alkyl sulfates are particularly preferred. Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which are produced, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and are obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN® are suitable anionic surfactants

Also suitable are the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C ₇₂₁ alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C ^ n alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _{12 18} fatty alcohols 1 to 4 EO Because of their high foaming behavior, they are normally used in washing and washing aids only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight

The preferred anionic surfactants also include the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C ₈ -C ₁₈ -fatty acids or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants. Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxyated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution are particularly preferred. It is also possible To use alk (en) ylbersteιnsaure with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof

Other anionic surfactants that can be used are fatty acid derivatives of amino acids, for example of N-methyltauπn (taurides) and / or of N-methylglycine (sarcosides). Particularly preferred are the sarcosides or sarcosinates and here above all sarcosinates of higher and optionally simple or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oleyl sarcosinate Soaps, for example in amounts of 0.2% by weight to 5% by weight, are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Saturated fatty acid soaps are particularly suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, can be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or t-ethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts. Anionic surfactants are preferably present in detergents according to the invention in amounts of 1% by weight to 35% by weight and in particular in amounts of 5% by weight to 30% by weight.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical has a methyl or linear branching in the 2-position may be or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. However, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred. The preferred ethoxyated alcohols include, for example, C ₁₂ . ₁₄ -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C ^ -alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 -alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C ₁₂ . _1B - alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C ₁₂ . _u alcohol with 3 EO and C ₁₂ . ₁₈ alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of these are (tallow) fatty alcohols with 14 EO, 16 EO, 20 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

The nonionic surfactants also include alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x , in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular in 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical with 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms and G stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is an arbitrary number - which as an analytically determinable variable can also take fractional values - between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Also suitable are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I) in which R ¹ CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups:

R ²

I (I)

R ¹ -CO-N- [Z]

The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are preferably derived from reducing sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, in particular from glucose. The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

R ⁴ -0-R ⁵

I (ll)

R ³ -CO-N- [Z]

in which R ^{3 represents} a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{4 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical or an arylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{5 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or Aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred, and [Z] for a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue. [Z] is also preferably obtained here by reductive amination of a sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be for example, according to the teaching of international patent application WO-A-95/07331, by conversion with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, in particular together with alkoxylated fatty alcohols and / or alkyl glycosides, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanol amides can also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxyated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them. It is preferred according to the invention if the nonionic surfactants are used in the form of the granules according to the invention, but it may also be preferred if only a part or only certain nonionic surfactants are introduced into the composition via the granules according to the invention.

So-called gemini surfactants can be considered as further surfactants. These are generally understood to mean those compounds which have two hydrophilic groups per molecule. These groups are generally separated from one another by a so-called “spacer”. This spacer is generally a carbon chain which should be long enough that the hydrophilic groups are sufficiently far apart that they can act independently of one another. Such surfactants are distinguished generally due to an unusually low critical micelle concentration and the ability to greatly reduce the surface tension of the water. In exceptional cases, the term gemini surfactants is understood to mean not only such "dimeric" but also correspondingly "trimeric" surfactants. Suitable gemini surfactants are, for example, sulfated hydroxy mixed ethers or dimer alcohol bis and tπmer alcohol tπs sulfates and ether sulfates. End-capped dimeric and tπmer mixed ethers are distinguished in particular by their bi- and multifunctionality. Thus, the end group-capped surfactants have good wetting properties and are low-foaming, so that they are particularly suitable for use in machine washing or cleaning processes, but gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can also be used

The agents according to the invention usually contain a builder system which consists of at least one organic and / or inorganic builder

Usable organic scent substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. Nitrilothylacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acid and mixtures thereof

The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids typically also have the property of an acid component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of washing or washing aids. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any other are used here To call mixtures of these

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders; these are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _{w of} the particular acid form, which are were determined in total by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard which, owing to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated, provides realistic molecular weight values. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, and particularly preferably 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol, can in turn be selected from this group. mol, have, be preferred

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, which contain 50 to 90% by weight acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight maleic acid, have proven to be particularly suitable Molecular mass, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The amount of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the compositions is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve the solubility in water, the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers

Also particularly preferred are biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which are salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or which are used as monomers Monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE-A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 and which preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.

Also to be mentioned as further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which it is disclosed in German patent application DE-A-195 40 086 that, in addition to cobuilder properties, they also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol. A polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, is preferred, DE being a customary measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30000 g / mol can be used. The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known from numerous publications. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A-196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediaminisisuccinate, are further suitable cobuilders. Ethylene diamine N, N ^' disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and glycine trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts used in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.

Further usable organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups. Such cobuilders are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-95/20029.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates. Among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetrasodium salt in an alkaline manner (pH 9). Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably used in the form of the neutral sodium salts, for example as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octasodium salt of DTPMP. HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it can, especially if the means also contain bleach, be preferred to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are able to form complexes with alkaline earth metal ions can be used as cobuilders.

A preferred inorganic builder is finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite, preferably zeolite A, X and / or P. However, mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Zeolite P is, for example, zeolite MAP (for example Doucil A24 ; Commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Of particular interest is also a cocrystallized sodium / potassium aluminum silicate from zeolite A and zeolite X, which is commercially available as VEGOBOND AX® (commercial product from Condea Augusta SpA). The zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension which is still moist from its production. In the event that the zeolite is used as a suspension, it may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxyated C ₁₂ . ₁₈ fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, C ₁₂ . ₁₄ -fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 10 to 22% by weight, in particular 15 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the zeolite are layer silicates of natural and synthetic origin. Their usability is not limited to a special composition or structural formula. However, smectites, in particular bentonites, are preferred here. Also crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general

Formula NaMSi _x 0 _{2) (+ 1} yH ₂ 0, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4, are suitable for the substitution of zeolites or phosphates. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which where M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3 In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ 0 ₅ yH ₂ 0 are preferred

The preferred builder substances also include amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ 0 Sι0 ₂ from 1 2 to 1 3.3, preferably from 1 2 to 1 2.8 and in particular from 1 2 to 1 2.6, which are loosely delayed and have secondary washing properties. The loose delay compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compaction or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous" that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties, if the Si catparticles in the case of electron diffraction experiments deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima. This should be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm being preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a loose delay compared to conventional water glasses are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates

Of course, it is also possible to use the generally known phosphates as builders, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular polyphosphates are particularly suitable. Their content is generally not more than 25% by weight. preferably not more than 20% by weight, in each case based on the finished composition. In some cases it has been shown that in particular polyphosphates in small amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight, based on the finished composition, in combination with other builder substances synergistic improvement of secondary washing capacity Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and which supply H ₂ 0 ₂ in water, sodium numperborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate and sodium pipercarbonate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ 0 ₂ -supplying peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaines , Phthaloiminopersaure or Diperdodecandisaure The bleach content of the agents amounts to 0 to 30% by weight and in particular 5 to 25% by weight, advantageously using perborate monohydrate or percarbonate

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect during washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ^° C. and below, bleach activators can be incorporated. Bleach activators can be compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, contain aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms. and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid can be used. Substances which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups are suitable. in particular 1, 5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1, 3,5-trιazιn (DADHT), acylated glycolunle, especially tetraacetylglycolunl (TAGU), N-acylimide, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonate, especially nol - Nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydride ride, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dehydrofuran

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated. These substances are bleach-strengthening transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo acid complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing Tnpod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can be used as bleaching catalysts

Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof, which are particularly suitable from bacterial strains or fungi, such as Bacillus subti s, Bacillus cheniformis and Streptomyces gπseus, enzymatic active substances obtained. Proteases of the subtihsin type and in particular proteases obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used. Enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease, are used and cellulase or from cellulase and üpase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing mixtures of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in shell substances to protect them against premature decomposition

In addition, components can also be used which have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is contaminated which has already been washed several times with a detergent according to the invention which contains these oils and contains fat-free component, was washed Among the preferred oil- and fat-free components are nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight , each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these particulars prefers of these are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic polymers

The detergents and washing aids can contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts. Examples of suitable salts are 4,4'-Bιs (2-anιlιno-4-morpholιno-1, 3,5-trιazιnyl-6-amιno) Stιlben-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which, instead of the morpholmo group, carry a diethanol amino group, a methylamino group, an anilmo group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present. z. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-Bιs (2-sulfostyryl) dιphenyls, 4,4'-Bιs (4- chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Dyes and fragrances are added to washing and washing aids in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and, in addition to the softness, to provide the consumer with a visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable" product. As perfume oils or fragrances, individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalylbenzoate, benzyl formate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallyl propylate and benzylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyioxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, oc-isomethylionon and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil. The dye content of washing and washing aids is usually less than 0.01% by weight, while fragrances can make up up to 2% by weight of the entire formulation.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the washing and washing aids, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles due to a slower fragrance release. As such carrier materials have become For example, cyclodextrins have proven successful, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of washing and washing aids, they can be colored with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to dye them.

The bulk density of the advantageously granular washing and / or auxiliary washing agents is preferably at least about 600 g / l, in particular 650 to 1100 g / l. However, agents which have a lower bulk density can also be used. In particular, it can be preferred to assemble the agents from granular individual components in a kind of modular system.

In addition to the fixing device and the equipment containing the fixing device, a further subject of the invention is a method for machine washing sensitive laundry items, in which the sensitive laundry items are placed flat on a device spread out flat, the device with the laundry items is rolled tightly and rolled, and then closed items of laundry fixed in this way are subjected to a customary mechanical washing process. If stains are present on the items of laundry, it may be preferred if the item of laundry is treated with a liquid or gel or paste or paste-like detergent or washing aid, in particular a liquid bleach, before rolling, especially in areas of heavy soiling.

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples. Examples

contraption

A device according to the invention for fixing laundry items is shown in FIG. 1.

List of reference numerals used in the figure

1 PES 5 piece of fabric

2 Velcro straps

2a soft part of the Velcro tape 2b rough part of the Velcro tape

3 button or push button top bar

4 buttonhole or press stud bottom sections

5 Direction of impact

6 direction of roll

The device shown consists of a rectangular PES 5 fabric piece 1 measuring 69x92 cm (PES 5: polyester fabric; Art. No. 5 from Boos). In the outer areas of the piece of fabric, Velcro strips 2 are attached, which, after the edges of the piece of fabric have been folded over, enable these edges to be fixed in place. The folding can be carried out continuously, since the soft part of the Velcro tape 2a is designed so that the rough part 2b adheres in any turning position. Furthermore, the device shown has a button strip 3 at the (after rolling) outer end. As a counterpart to this, buttonhole strips 4 are attached at a distance of 29 and 37 cm to the button strip, which allow the device to be fixed in the rolled state.

In use, the device is spread out as shown. The sensitive item of laundry is placed smoothly on this base, then the right or left edges 5 in the illustration are turned over to fix the item of laundry and fixed with the help of Velcro strips 2 The device is then rolled up tightly together with the wash item from the lower end in the illustration 6. The fixation in the rolled position is carried out with the aid of the button strip 3 and the corresponding buttonhole strips 4, the buttonhole strip 4 being used, which is closest after the button strip 3 has been rolled up

Tissue:

Fixing devices were made from the following materials Lycra® trade name of DuPont,

Blended fabric made of 81% polyamide and 19% Elastan® Elastic textile®, trade name of Boos (Art No. 9830),

Blended fabric made of 69% polyamide and 31% Elastan® PES 5 polyester fabric, (Art Nr 5, Fa Boos)

PES 7 polyester fabric, (Art No. 7, Fa Boos)

Curtain knitted polyester fabric

White nettle cotton fabric

FIGS. 2-7 show microscopic images of the tissues

Figures 2a and 2b Lycra®

Figures 3a and 3b Elastic textile®

Figures 4a and 4b PES 5

Figures 5a and 5b PES 7

Figures 6a and 6b curtain fabrics

Figures 7a and 7b bleaching nettle Relevant parameters were determined for these tissues:

'measured on the front or back of the fabric

The mesh size was determined using video light microscopy (see also Fig. 2 - 7). Average values are given in the table.

The air permeability of the fabric was determined at a pressure difference of 1 mbar according to DIN EN ISO 9237.

The bending stiffness was determined on pre-washed material in accordance with DIN 53864. The measurement was carried out at a bending angle of 30 ° and using a weight of 10 g.

The two polyester fabrics and the lycra fabric proved to be particularly suitable according to the invention. Due to their lower strength, the elastic textile and the curtain fabric are less suitable. The bleaching nettle tissue is unsuitable; it is not hydrophobic, has a mesh size that is too narrow and therefore too little air permeability and too little bending strength.

washing tests

Experiments in a washing machine were carried out to investigate the influence of fabric fixation on the wear and tear of delicate laundry items during machine washing Miele W918 carried out. The washes were carried out at a maximum temperature of 40 ° C and with water of a defined hardness of 16 ° d. Various washing programs were used:

A test fabric for simulating a delicate item of laundry was a shrink-sensitive, checkered wool fabric (IWS-SM12-A1; International Wool Seal Association) in the size of 0.35 x 0.40 m or a cashmere scarf when examining the fluff formation.

Influence of the fixing device

The shrinkage is calculated from the change in the area of the rectangular piece of fabric and results from the following formula:

Surface of the piece of fabric after 1 (3) washes

Shrinkage [%] = • 100 area of the piece of fabric before washing

In the experiments E1-E6 and V4-V6, a bag with a closable opening was used as the fixation device. These experiments show that the fabric used is of great importance for the effect. The Lycra fabric preferred according to the invention provides significantly better results here than curtain fabrics and bleaching nettle.

Influence of the bag construction

The experiments show that the laundry bag gives the best results when used in rolled form (E8).

Results of the preferred fixation device

A fixing device according to Figure 1 was used.

Lint formation: 1 no lint (neither on the scarf nor in the machine);

2 occasional lint on a scarf (in a bag)

3 lots of lint on the scarf, none in the machine

4 lots of lint on the scarf, lots of lint in the machine (drum, fusing screen)

It can be seen that the results of the preferred fixing device (E9) are also excellent with regard to the formation of lint.

Influence of tissue materials

A fixing device according to Figure 1 was used.

It can be seen that elastic textile, when used as the material for the fixing device according to Figure 1, delivers significantly poorer results than Lycra and the polyester fabrics.

Claims

claims

1. Device for fixing laundry items during machine washing, characterized in that it is a piece of fabric (1) which consists of a smooth, tear-resistant and stretchable material and can be rolled (6) around an axis perpendicular to the longest dimension, the fabric being permeable to water.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piece of fabric has a length and a width measured perpendicular thereto, each in the range from 0.2 m to 1.5 m.

3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the piece of fabric has a device for fixing in the rolled state (3, 4).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the piece of fabric is designed as a sack with an opening.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the piece of fabric is a rectangular cloth with laterally attached fixing devices (2b), which allow the edges to be turned.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixing device for fixing in the rolled state (3, 4) allows fixing in different positions and the fixing device is a device selected from the group of Velcro fasteners, zippers , Contains zip-o-lock closures, press studs and buttons with buttonholes.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the piece of tissue itself absorbs only a little water, preferably from one Material consists of a hydrophobic surface, which is particularly preferably selected from a material based on polyester, polyamide and polyurethane fibers

Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fabric piece has mesh sizes above 0.05, in particular above 0.1 mm ² and / or an air permeability (according to DIN EN ISO 9237) above 500 l / (m ² s) preferably of at least 1000 l / (m ² s)

Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the piece of fabric has a bending stiffness of the prewashed material (bending angle 30 °, 10 g weight) of at least 0.5%

Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the device contains detergent or is prepared for receiving a detergent portion, the device preferably being either impregnated with a liquid detergent or containing an arrangement, preferably a pocket, in which a pre-portioned portion is contained Detergent, preferably a detergent tablet or a water-soluble detergent capsule or a water-soluble detergent bag can be given

Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the device contains washing aids or is prepared for receiving a portion of washing aids, the device preferably being either impregnated with a fabric softener, a discoloration inhibitor or a fragrance preparation or an arrangement, preferably an integrated one Contains a bag or a bag in which a supply of a washing aid, preferably fragrance pearls or discoloration inhibitor, is contained

Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the detergent contained in the device or the auxiliary washing agent contained in the device is released evenly over several washes Equipment for washing delicate textiles, characterized in that it contains a device according to one of claims 1 to 12 and a detergent, preferably a mild or wool detergent, in particular a liquid mild or wool detergent

Equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that it contains a bleaching agent, preferably a liquid oxygen bleaching agent

Process for machine washing sensitive laundry items, in which the sensitive laundry items are placed flat on a flat device according to one of claims 1 to 12, the device with the laundry items is rolled tightly and rolled and then the laundry items thus fixed are subjected to a conventional machine washing process become

A method according to claim 15, in which the wash item is treated with a liquid or gel or pasty detergent or auxiliary washing agent, in particular a liquid bleach, before rolling, particularly in areas of heavy soiling

Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for reducing the shrinkage of sensitive items of laundry when washing

Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for reducing the pillmgs of sensitive wash items during washing

Use of a fixing device according to one of claims 1 to 12 for reducing the lint formation of sensitive items of washing when washing