DD223800A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEAT GENERATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for generating hot air by means of grossflaechiger, extremely simple and functionally effective solar air collectors and is in wide range of applications, especially for the realization of agricultural and industrial drying tasks available. The aim of the invention is to design the method and the device so that, in contrast to the known solutions with simpler and more reliable means more universal and effective Einsatzmoeglichkeiten be achieved. The main task is to enable rapid and unproblematic assembly and disassembly to ensure mobility, a large heat storage capacity and minimal production costs. It is essential to the invention that the ambient air which penetrates the collector under a transparent cover layer passes over certain ground sections and / or wall surfaces of building complexes used as absorption surfaces. The device is designed for this purpose so that one or more transparent film webs are clamped or fastened at a certain distance above a corresponding ground section and / or a building wall, wherein the supply of air quantities therebetween to the use or demand location takes place by means of a ventilator.

Description

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Method and device for producing hot air. Field of application of the invention.

The invention relates to a method and a device for generating hot air by means of large-area, extremely simple and functio-effective solar air collectors and is in a wide range of applications, especially for the realization of agricultural and industrial drying tasks available. However, the most important field of application extends to a large number of agricultural drying processes. Preferably, such sub-processes may be considered, which include drying of loose and solid staple and bulk goods, mainly culm and leaf products, in completely or partially enclosed spaces, silos or halls. "

The invention is also suitable for air preheating or reheating for heating purposes. Advantageous application conditions can also be achieved in connection with air / air or air / water / heat pump systems.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The most advanced state of the art in the sector of hot air generation by means of solar collectors embody against, .wärtig. numerous agricultural drying processes. Efficient animal production requires the provision of high quality roughage. The hay transported in mostly large-volume mountains spaces after Vorwelken on the field, where an air stream _to: This requirement is covered to a large extent by energy-rich hay "To limit compared to the usual in previous years, floor drying the losses to a minimum, is For this basic technology, which represents the vast majority of cases, the air flow through the feed stack is usually by means of conventional air supply means, which the ambient air is used · However, widely known and already improved principle solutions allow an increase in Trocknungslufttemperatür, reducing Relative humidity, more effective use of solar energy and shortening of the

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Trocknungszeitrauiiies by use of various types of solar collectors; and absorbers, which are integrated primarily in the "new roof construction" or later integrated with greater manufacturing and material costs in existing roof structures or in the immediate vicinity of the drying halls .An: · In this context, the use of roof tile, rafter and throughflow collectors, but '• reinforced. zxisa.minenrollbare. or -layable band-mats, ma-, ζ en- un'd, tubular. Collector types (for example Vdärgestellt · in the invention DE-OS 2442529, DE-OS _: 3038516r DE-OS 3041622, OS-PS 3022781, -US-PS 3859980, AT-PS 351712 and AT-PS 369522) which partially or completely with A specific variant of a film collector is also described in US Pat. No. 3,919,784, in which the air required for drying is separated from the air ... Lufter.durch a long and large-area · \ gene, in addition to commanding drying or · warehouse installed channel which consists of a support framework and on all sides with thin walls; DIGEM 1 ölienmaterial spans is sucked ,, and in prewarmed · ^. th Zustand'zu .the transported to be dried goods · the located near the Earth. sheet ,: the flow channel · limited down and opaque or · blackened is run matches bsorbieren a ^, radiation, de function and thus forces a corresponding ¹ 'air heating in the total, Kanalaldflußflußbereich ·, - ..

All listed ,; already existing methods and devices with. mobile functions are in part partial or complete and more or less exhaustive. characterized by the following "unfavorable conditions of use and operating characteristics characterized:

"- high demands on the manufacturing and material quality; and the resulting cost-intensive manufacturing factors

, - Long payback times due to high investment costs and λ wear-promoting design and operation conditions, especially for single use, but also for multiple use for versatile Heizlufterzeugungsauf.gaben

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- insignificant heat storage capacity and thus low or no buffer effect with uneven or unpredictable ambient energy

- Use aufγ / endiger wind or storm-proof fasteners

- Time-consuming manual work during assembly and disassembly of mobile devices

This analysis of the prior art illustrates that it has not yet been possible to develop a satisfactory technically-economically acceptable principle of action for a generalisable applicability of solar air collectors, especially for agricultural drying purposes. ·

Object of the invention. . '. . ,

The object der.Erfindung is to provide a method and a. Associated device for generating hot air by means of solar air collectors, in contrast to the above-mentioned Hachteilen known principle solutions with simple and. at the same time more reliable means of ensuring more universal and effective uses. The total costs for production, material, operation and maintenance should be reduced to a minimum. ,,

Explanation of the essence of the invention

It is the object of the invention to design the method and the device in such a way that the overall system comprises only particularly simple and functionally effective components and components and nevertheless has high efficiency even under low solar irradiation sufficient air heating is guaranteed as well as a quick, uncomplicated and wear-resistant assembly and disassembly to ensure mobility for the purpose of usability for several identical or different types of drying

In addition, the solution should be characterized by a large storage space and / or storage medium. to find that:.,: e ine ν itself perform cleaning action of the translucent: Eollektorschicht and; The process of the invention is achieved in that the collector, under a transparent cover layer, flows through operating or ambient air, as: absorption surfaces or surfaces. elements .used soil excavation cuts of the most varied modification, eg concrete, bitumen, chippings, gravel or mutier floors and / or wall flats., of building complex overflows. or with these in constant guide. . and direct contact is "· The apparatus is DA, ZÜ formed so that one or more large-size and transparent film _webs. small thickness at a certain distance over .a corresponding Erdbödenabschnitt and / or e.inör." ßebäudeaußenwand clamped or to be attached, wöbe.i. the; Feeding the air quantity between them to the ITut-, bz? /. Demand sort by means of e- a suitable air conveyor, such as a.Sauglüfter occurs. The soil and Gebäudewahdabschnitte acting as absorbers are preferably made of black natural or artificial starting materials or to be treated with matte black dyes in order to achieve a high absorption capacity of the receiving surfaces. The solar radiation energy incident on the absorber surface, which I 'from direct and diffuse radiation. In other words, energy is converted into heat energy and transferred to the passing air stream. Pur that to the reduction of. Convection and heat conduction losses as well as roller conveyors used for controlled air conveyance are mechanically wear-resistant, highly translucent, UV-stabilized, weather-resistant and advantageously workable types of material, for example ΡΞ, ΕΞΪΡ or PVP films. The mobility of the device is particularly due to the unproblematic vocal up and down

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building the urn. This drum is easily inserted into two bearing blocks installed either on the building wall or on the ground and fixed so as to have a rotatable bearing function Bearing blocks are fitted with a container filled with cleaning fluid into which the film drum is partially immersed, two long-bristle brush strips along the film drum, between the support blocks and ^: flexible stripper blades extending the entire width of the film web and after the hindrance - - hen der.Folienbahn'mit the upper and lower Poli web surface are in contact, the task existing dust have; and dirt particles peel off during the further withdrawal of the film and strip off the cleaning liquid again Erf indungsv / is aterial which the film web at. 'Take off' in each case between zw ei tightly stretched ropes, which run at certain distances transverse to the film web, back ',. is carried out. Together with longitudinally in or on the film, web strip-based reinforcing layers correspond. rushing grid, starting from the film edges, is thus: a cost-effective wind or storm-proof bracket guaranteed.

The device is in a preferred embodiment. \ Further so designed that the Folienbahn.von the arranged at a relatively great distance from the building wall film drum initially pulled parallel or at an angle to the ground, redirected in the building near the wall by means of a rod, further ο by a bedienba.re from the ground and in the 7 / and berbereich winding roll parallel or at an angle to the V / ickelrollenpberkante .hinaufbewegt and finally clamped again with the aid of the film web drum. However, it also orders the possibility of fastening a film web in the upper wall area, removing it awning-like at a sufficient distance from the building wall level near the ground and stably bracing it using special scaffolding components or 3-part constructions in angled or curved form. In order to prevent the penetration of ITebenluftströmen in the Absorberab-

To reduce the incidence of these detailed solutions, the Langsseltenf laugh between the membrane and the ground before the fans are put into operation, including ζ. Β «Sheets, wood panels, asbestos sheets or film pieces to be used ' can.;, : , · ... -. . '"' Due to the often low Strahlüngsenergiedichte, -zurückzuführen on ^ annual and diurnal and weather-related fluctuations in the energy supply and the high ^{Trocknungsbzw.} Wa: mluftbed ^ it is usually necessary to punch large Absorb erf bzYf ·· several lined-up" to provide film webs . By using building walls, as an absorber, however, the space requirement can be significantly reduced. In addition, the considerable "saving" of the soil and building absorbers have the effect that short-term reduced energy offerings do not cause appreciable differences in terms of heat transfer performance. The solar air collector according to the invention is, for the most part, on and in front of the south, southeast and southwestern VBi in which the

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Detailed example 1 . · ·: - ... ". .... ': ./"''

The invention will be described below using the example of an embodiment of the invention in which: FIG _. \ Lä.n'dSYirt-s-cha.ftiiche. Products explained in more detail. ,

The corresponding drawings show:.

Fig .: ^f 1 r; Isometric representation of an invention according to 'so-' ·

, laren air collector in conjunction with a dry. j '''-' training hall '''; : ' · '.';". ^:

FIG. 2: The sectional view of a foil drum with FIG.

· '' ·. ·. , · '.. ..'. according to the invention, for cleaning the film

: Line II - II: according to Fig.'3. , , ,

Fig. 3: The sectional view according to line I - I according to: ''..; :, ... • -Fig. ; 2. - - ^:. : ^''. - y

Fig. 4: Die'Ansicht of a section across a with '...'. _; YerstärkUngsmitteln stabilized film web

Fig. 5: The view of a section across a further film web with .Verstärkungsmitteln stabilized film web

The solar air collector shown in connection with a drying hall 1 for agricultural products, hay, grain and other threshing, herbs, tobacco, pellets, etc. consists of a transparent Fölienbahn 2, in or on the stabilizing Yerstärkungsmaterialien 3 are your Bodenabsorberabschnitt Ξ and '.Wandabsorberabschnitt W as well as horizontal and vertical lateral Abdeckseginenten 4 or X 5 * Since small leakage or small, penetrating through the film web page boundaries lifting air flows only exert negligible influence on the collectors of efficiency, is a smooth concatenation of several devices or film webs 2 whose area dimensions ira Example, about 100 m (5 m χ 2Om), allows,

After insertion of the film drum or roller 6 in, the stationary bearing block 16 and hinged bearing block T5 -Wird

, the film web 2 unwound and passed between two tightly over ': arranged tension cables .10, which are mounted between two support posts 14, passed. Subsequently, the film web 2 is to move under the deflection bar 9, to connect with the long clamping elements 8 and pull up by means of pull cable 11 through the tension cables 10 in the amount of the winding .. roll 19. Winding roll 19 and deflecting bar are anchored by anchored to the building wall support beams 12 and; Bearing parts 1? held. The pull cable 11 'runs in a pulley 18, which is attached to the end of the winding roll 19. At the end of the collector assembly, the clamping takes place; the film web 2, which is connected to the film drum or reel 6 via short tensioning elements 7, in such a way that

• Turn the drum 6 by the ratchet system 13, which can be actuated in a clockwise direction, until a sufficient tension is achieved. The dismantling work can be carried out in reverse order.

Sine improved design concept of the Y device, which in Pig. 1, includes the assembly of two each, along the film drum. 6. installed, long-bristle brush strips 22 and flexible stripping pieces 23 between the stationary bearing block 16 and the hinged bearing block 15. The container for cleaning fluid 21 is secured between the bearing blocks 15 and T.6, that the last, on the slides -: -. drum or roller 6 of the film web 2, is still wet with cleaning fluid R 1 and / or oil as required via a shut-off valve 25 and a trough 26. The film web 2 is, first through, the bear strips 3 .22 and flexible stripper pieces 23 are inserted and subsequently automatically cleaned during the complete removal, on both sides of dust or dirt particles The removal of the entrained cleaning liquid R, which _{: flows} back into the container ks.nn, · ER 'followed _by: the 23 · When Abstreifstücken curling of' film web 2 and it is with respect to a schonenden.bzw .kratzfreien / treatment ^'expedient: the carrier strips 24 so · far from her vertically. For example, this may be done in a very simple manner with levers correspondingly mounted on the bearing blocks 15 and To, acting between the two supports Press on 24 installed buttons.

For wind-proof fastening and increasing the useful life of the film web 2, it is advantageous to provide it with stabilizing reinforcing agents, which provide primarily for a draft relief of the film material. For this purpose, the solutions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are particularly suitable. The middle versatility band he 27 and Raiidverstärkungen 23,. e.g. consisting of "Piastmatorial, rubber, leather or impregnated natural or Kltastlichem Ge 'weave, can be joined together with the film web 2, both by hollow rivets 30 as well as by llah-, welding or adhesive joints are" Ss, but also conventional 'Zuglas taufnahmemittel 29, eg ropes of various types

_ 9 - Material types, usable ·. , ,

Nts the sucked via the Lüfteintritt L of the aspirators 20 Luf tine pass through the space zv / regard film webs ₂ and wall absorber section W or · Srdbodenabsorberabschnitt "1, heat up as a result of acting radiant energy converted by said absorber sections to thermal energy, .If, and the storage heat transferred by convection and heat conduction and are conducted through numerous airflows through the goods stored in the drying hall 1, preferably the Raunfutter, which contains a quantity of air which is less than the ambient air permeating the feed stack, and Thereafter, the moist air outlet F in the ridge area of the Trooknungshalle 1 returns to the open, ensuring extraordinarily favorable drying ratio. The associated increase in the drying speed leads decisively to the reduction of the lessening of the losses in terms of livestock - reduction of the fan running time. The Gesamtverfahreη the aeration drying is reduced by the proposed solution risikoärmer ·;

The relatively large heat storage masses of the wall and Erdabsabsberberabschnitte W, E allow compensation of short-term heat energy fluctuations of Umweltkimima. Therefore, a drying, especially on summer days with high radiation intensity and high temperature level, until late. Evenings possible. In addition, there is also a better or longer operation of the drying ^ stems in.juniorly caused unfavorable or uneven weather periods (spring, autumn). The solution according to the invention further includes the following advantageous heat exchanger 1:

- Mobility, achieved by the simplest mounting and dismounting conditions for film webs 2, allows a multiple use for the same and different types of hot air generation tasks. This means that it is not only a one-sided application for drying processes possible, but also for versatile Heizungsz? E corner, preferably for the Vorwa¬ warming of stable and greenhouse hot air systems

'-.- Completely uncomplicated execution of reconstructions -

'. , -measures when placed on existing buildings. In general, for example, only existing interspaces Z are closed for the purpose of preventing the ingress of moist air, and moist air outlets F are to be created in the ridge area or in other roof areas. Required passage areas : '' p- for vehicles, if necessary. during the drying operation. Due to lack of space must pass through the collector area, thereby 'in a simple manner reali-' äierbar by briefly the horizontal lateral Abdeckgeginente 4 removed, the film webs 2 of short

... clamping elements: 7 of the film drum or roller 6 solved and then struck back on the tensioning cables 10

..- .-become. ··. ''':'.',' , _::

- External use with stationary Binsatζ possible, for example .. .. wise awning-like film arrangement as greenhouse ^/ . Or Lager. Bzvr. Storeroom in winter or outside., Of the seasons. ., ' . '. ,

Claims (4)

Erfindungsanasruch 1. A method for producing hot air by means of large-scale so-clear air collectors, in particular for agriculture and industrial drying tasks, characterized in that the collector under a transparent! Foil or translucent fabric web (2) by flowing operating or ambient determined, as absorption surfaces or Srdbodenabsorberabschnit-, used te (S) of various modifications, ζ, Β .. Concrete, bitumen, gravel, gravel or Muttererdböden and / or , Wall absorber sections ("/) of building complexes over-strikes or stands in constant and direct contact with them t. 2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to item 1, characterized in that ein'oder several large-sized and transparent film webs (2) of small thickness in , certain distance over a corresponding Erdabsabsberberabschnitt (3) and / or Wandabsorberabschnitt (V /) a building wall angle, arched or parallel up 'clamped or fastened, wherein the supply der.-intervening amounts of air to ITutzungs- or demand location with the help suitable fan means, preferably suction fans (20) takes place. , , ^: . 3. "Device for carrying out the method according to item 2, characterized in that the roller conveyor (.2) on a , rotatable-mounted and removably executed film drum or roll (o) is wound, said film drum or roller (6) via fasteners or, a hinged bearing block (15) and stationary bearing .. block (16) either with the v / andabsorberabschnitt (7 /) or with the 3rdbodenabsorberabschnitt (E) is in communication. 4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to item 2 and 3, characterized in that between the fastening elements or hinged bearing block (15) and stationary ^-'r-.V:; ; - ¹² -    Narem-'iagerblock. (165) along the film drum or roll (6) partially immersed in a beaker with liquid (21). '' Two '' each other opposite each other. Bursts (22 ) and flexible heel pieces (23) are provided, which extend over the entire width of the film drum or roller (6) and when pulling the film web (2) '.with the lower and upper sheet web surface to be in touch. of the method according to pt. 2 to: 4; Characterized in that the roller track (2) is at its';...:; Assemblage bsw Arrangement by several, in particular Sntferr .:. : V; , tion of the surfaces of the soil and. Wall from sorb erabs'chnit $ . " ^: Tes _: (Ξ, W) and .parallel to the central axis of the installed \ '':, ·; ^ foil trough or roll (6) tensioned tether pairs, wal - , , marriage out. two, at a small distance next to each other or above. ; V -r / v, ^ arranged tension cables (10) consist, led; ->:,; v :: ". v.: will .. ':'." ^{: '-:,:;.} λ '. -. .... , ; , . '''''::'; , ..:> / Vy US.- 'Device for; Burchführung: of: Procedure ¹ after Pkt. 2 to % ' ^{; ·:} Ν '5, .S ^e kennzelehnet, characterized in that the film web .. (2) medium ;; ·;. M; ^; '';, ^Λ ν: reinforcing bands (27) and sand reinforcements (28), pre .. '. - ·:;,; ... , preferably made of plastic materials, rubber, leather and:; _:::; . ,; impregnated'natural or artificial tissues or tensile: V. i :, last ^ .aufnahmemitteln (29) ,. in particular formed from dog,. ^: ;;:;. _:; .or, flat ropes of various types of material. besit- '; :. zen, which with the film web (2 ·) both by hollow rivets ν ^{; :;} : \\, - '.;. : _(30): and ¥ uh-, Sehraub-, welding .or ^{Elebeverbindun-,:} ;; ^{; ;} : ^{/:; ;} . ".". "., Are available on: .. ''.: '.-. ... Hiersu 2 pages drawings