DD216845A1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE LOSS OF HARVEST - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for determining the Erntegutverluste, in particular the Schuettler- and cleaning losses in Maehdreschern. The aim is to reduce the preparation effort in the field and to provide the loss values in an immediately evaluable form. For this purpose, the device should make do without calibration on the field and indicate the losses in terms of yield and / or area based on specific factors. This is achieved by coupling a computer (15) with memories (18 or 28) which contain constants about crop type, working width, thousand-grain mass and area yield. The constants can be activated for the calculation process via inputs (10, 11, 12, 13) or operating elements (32). The necessary measured values are supplied to the computer (15) by encoders (1, 2, 9) via count-channels (3, 4). In one exemplary embodiment, a block circuit is represented by means of a calculator circuit (21), in the other exemplary embodiment a block circuit by means of a microprocessor module (27). Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention

Device for determining crop losses:

t Field of the invention

The invention relates to a device for determining the crop losses in combines, in particular the shaker and cleaning losses of grains.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The grain and grain maize harvest is introduced in modern agriculture almost exclusively by combine harvesters. Diverse efforts are made to recover the crop as lossless as possible. These efforts are primarily based on the control of the loss share. commonly referred to as shaker and cleaning losses. The other losses at the cutting unit and at the threshing unit can already be limited by suitable operating measures · The combine harvester progressively increases shaker and cleaning losses when approaching the power limit · When the combine is not working, its performance drops and the specific fuel consumption increases * For these reasons, ready facilities have been created to control shaker and cleaning loss on combine harvesters.

In US-PS 3,515,144 z. B. describes such a device. The measuring sensors of these devices are generally located in the passageway of the harvesting stream of the crop

Combine harvester, especially during straw discharge and in the field of chaff ejection · Usually the measuring sensors convert the impact energy of the grains into electrical impulses. «These pulses per unit of time are in a certain ratio to the number of grains, which act as shakers = - and cleaning loss e leave the combine and reduce the yield. The pulses are amplified and digitally or analogously displayed. This loss control device first informs the combine driver about the course of the loss. · To determine the losses related to the surface or to the yield, a calibration of the loss sharing device is required in the respective field. · For this test shells or measuring frames are placed under the straw discharge and chaff ejection. to collect and count the grains thrown out with the straw and chaff · The area-related loss can then be calculated. The disadvantage of this loss control devices is that _it's calibration procedure is very complicated and requires numerous samples to obtain safe © benchmarks. Especially at high speeds of the combine, the application of the test shells is very exhausting. In the case of large fields, it is problematic to obtain comparable values due to the long distances and there are larger information gaps. In addition, under certain circumstances, if the determined comparison deviates strongly from the prescribed loss value, a repeated calibration is necessary. Another shortcoming is that the different mass and size of the grains are only partially taken into account in the calibration «

Next are loss control devices, for example after. US Pat. No. 3,935,866 and US Pat. No. 4,000,398 which incorporate the harvested area by measuring the travel distance of the combine, assuming a constant working width.

The losses here are related to the area

Size displayed »The main drawback of the former solution persists even with this device. · The displayed loss value does not represent a specific number, but only indicates the relative loss curve and must be put into a quantitative relationship with the actual losses due to calibration · This is also a Probedrusch on the field and a subsequent calculation required to bring the already described considerable expenses ·

·. , ': *. · ·. ^'V::; , , '''Aim of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a device for determining crop losses, in which the expenses for using the device in the field are reduced and the combine drivers are provided with the loss values in immediately evaluable form.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

.20 · '. , '. . ''''.'. , , '''.^; The invention has for its object to provide a means for determining the Erntegutverluste which without calibration in the field under Sin relation of combine-specific and fruit-specific factors, the shaker * - and cleaning losses, in a related to the harvest area or the yield related size "This is achieved in that a computer is coupled with memories that contain constants for crop, working width, thousand-grain mass and area yield and can be activated via controls." The computer is also in a known manner on the input side via counting channels with a Schüttlermeßgeber, a Combined cleaning sensor and a guideway encoder and output coupled to a display. The grain losses occurring during the combine harvesting on the shaker and on the cleaning are absorbed in a known manner by the measuring sensors. Likewise, that of the combine harvester

traveled track measured for example by inductive proximity sensors in the drive group. The pulses generated by the encoders are fed via the counting channels or directly to the computer. · The constants that are stored in the memories are also entered into the computer. They are activated via the operating elements for the computer. The constants stored in the memory concern the thousand-kernel masses of the crops, the yield present on the harvested area and the harvested area, the working width of the combine harvester given by the width of the seed harvester or the number of rows and the row spacing and the crop to be harvested. With these input words according to a featen calculation procedure, the computer calculates a surface-related or an income-related loss value which is then made visible digitally or analogously on the display · According to the invention, it is expedient to design the device such that a sliding-chain memory on the input side, the shaker, the cleaning and the guideway encoder via its Zählkanäie, via memory, a crop input and a working width input, a thousand grain mass input and a surface yield input are assigned in parallel. On the output side, a decoder, enabling gate, a computer circuit and a display are serially connected to the shift chain memory. A sequence control takes over the organization of the functional sequence and the computer is also assigned a computational target input.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that the memories connected downstream of the inputs contain the specific constants.

In the aο constructed device, the pulses of the encoders in the Zählkanälen be reshaped so that they are present at the Schiebeteöttenspeicher in BCD code. In the constants' memories, these are also present in the BCD code and are activated by the inputs to the shift chain memory when the device is prepared for use. For example, with a certain key, the

Constant for a specific crop to be activated · The fruit species specific constants are determined by the device manufacturer and entered into the memory. Using the working width input, the constants stored in the associated memory in the BCD code can be called up and activated for billing using, for example, key action. The constants can be realized by equipping a memory matrix with diodes. The thousand-kernel mass input and the surface yield input to the shift chain memory take place also in BCD code · To process the calculation, the operands and the operators are stored in ordered series! sequence written in the shift chain memory · With a special shift pulse, the shift chains are simultaneously shifted by one position in the direction of the output of the shift chain memory. · Subsequently, the decoder decodes the end word and activates the release gate · These make the input to the computer circuit · The output of the computer circuit becomes the display controlled via suitable intermediate links · The control cycles required for the measuring cycle and the arithmetic cycle are provided by the "sequence control, different evaluation ranges are specified via the calculation target specification, such as evaluation of the shaker losses, evaluation of the cleaning losses or evaluation of both types of losses in a calculation preparation phase, a calculation phase and a display phase · The measurement cycle includes the duration of the calculation and the display phase · The measurements are only for the duration of the R interrupted in which the memories are occupied and all operands and operators are taken over into the shift chain memory. The described device can also be extended with little effort by internal test procedures in order to carry out a functional check at the start of work or in the event of malfunctions

Used pulses. It is also possible to check the counting channels and the measuring sensors ·

Finally, according to the invention, it is equally useful if the computer essentially comprises a counter-timer unit, a parallel input / output unit, a read / write memory, a read only memory and a microprocessor module, to which Parallel input / output unit The display and controls and the counters of the shaker encoder and the cleaning sensor as well as the guideway sensors are connected to the ^ counter timer * unit.

The Mikroprozessorhaustein whose operation is determined by the computer program in the read-only memory takes over the execution of the arithmetic, logic and control operations. The control elements and the parallel infeed / outfeed unit are used to set the yield, thousand-kernel mass, working width, crop type and computer. The corresponding constants are listed in read-only memory. The microcomputer selects the constants according to the entered working width and crop type · The counter-timer unit counts the pulses and specifies the time frame for the cyclic program sequence. During the measuring process, the counted pulses are taken from the counter-timer unit, added and stored in the read-write memory. The loss calculation then takes place and the display is activated via the parallel input / output unit. If additional value sequences or average values are stored in the read-write memory, for example for the loss evaluation, the read-write memory must additionally be buffered.

The solution according to the invention has the advantage that in the determination of loss by the consideration of the mass and the specific properties of the crop and by the consideration of fertart- and combine specific Abscheididungacharakteristik a high measurement accuracy is achieved. The losses are displayed as area or area

ertragabezogene size, so that the operator is an 'immediately convertible information available · The erfindungagemäße device can be used by one-time determination of the constants universal for all types of combines and Meßgeber-, 5 arrangements Another advantage is the reduction of Bereit3aufWendungen on the field since the calibration by test shells and similar aids mtfalls.

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Auaführungabeispiel

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two examples of AU3 guidance. In the accompanying drawings shows:

Pig · 1: the block diagram of a device on the

Basis of a Taachenrechnerachaltkreiaes, Pig. 2: the timing of the Arbeitszyklusaes the

A device according to Fig. 1, Pig x 3ϊ a block diagram of a device on the basis of ^v a microcomputer,

In the first exemplary embodiment according to Pig · 1, the crop losses are determined in an electronic circuit. A shaker measuring device 1 and a cleaning measuring device 2 are connected to counting channels 3 4 The counting channels 3, 4 consist of a selective amplifier 5, a comparator 6, a Monoflop 7 and a counter with nachgeachaltetem memory 8. Further, a Pahrwegmeßgeber 9, for example, an inductive proximity initiator, a crop input 10, a working width input 11, a thousand kernel input 12, a Plächenertragsingabe 13 and a calculation target input 14 is present, which together with the counting channels 3; connected to a computer 15. In this case, the counting channels 3, 4 are connected directly to a shift chain memory 16, which consists of four parallel shift registers, each with a length of 30 bits, whose detailed representation has been omitted.

The guideway encoder 9 is coupled via a counter with a downstream memory 17, the crop input 10 and the working width input 11 via a respective memory 18 and the thousand grain mass input 12 and the Flächenertragseingäbe 13 directly to the Sohiebekettenspeicher 16. The thousand-kernel input 12 and the sheet-input input 13 can be implemented as a numerical switch. A decoder 19 is arranged at the output of the shift-chain memory 16. In the special case, a 1-out-of-16 decoder is arranged. Bs are followed serially by a release gate 20 and a computer circuit 21. which is a well-known pocket calculator scarf. From the output of the computer circuit 21 is via a driver stage, not shown, a display 22, which may be formed in the embodiment as seven-segment display, driven. The control clocks required for the measuring cycle and the computing cycle are provided by a sequencer 23. At, this flow control 23, the calculation target input 14 is connected.

The timing of measurement and computing cycle of the device of FIG. 1 is shown in Fig. 2. The computation cycle, which repeats periodically, is subdivided into a computational preparation phase 24, which in the exemplary embodiment lasts approximately one hundredth of the period T, a computation phase 25 and a display phase 26. For the duration of the reconnection preparation phase 24, the measurement cycle is interrupted.

In Fig. 3, another example of an embodiment is shown. The measurement of the shaker and the Reinigungsverluate and the track is carried out here analogous to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 · The computer 15 consists of a microprocessor module 27 »whose working program is set in the read-only memory 28, a counter-timer unit 29th $ a write-read memory 30 and a parallel-Iel-bint / output unit 31 · the count channels 3 ·, 4 and the

Fahrwegmeßgeber 9 are in this case coupled to the counter-tent generator unit 29 via the parallel input / output unit 31, the control of a display 22 via the controls 32, which will not be explained here, and on the parallel input. / Auagabeeinheit 31 is the activation of the constants that are inserted in the read-only memory 28 · )

An advantage of this embodiment is that the specific constants can be stored as accurately as desired. In addition, further punctuations, such as the filtering out of so-called "outliers", ie, measured values which differ widely from the usual ones, can determine average values over larger ones Periods u. a · be realized.

Claims (4)

invention claim 1 · Device for determining crop losses in combines, in particular shaker and Reinigungsaverluste, in which a computer is connected via Zählkanäle with a Schüttlermeßgeber, a Reinigungsmeßgeber and Fahrwegmeßgeber and output side is coupled to a display, <, characterized in that the computer. (15) with "., 'Save (18; 28) is coupled, the constants on crop type, working width, thousand grain mass, area yield contain and β via controls (10; 11; 12; 13j 32) activated. 2 (i Device according to point 1, characterized in that a Schiebekettehspeicher (16) on the input side via their counting channels (3; 4) a Schüttlermeßgeber (1), a Reinigungsmeßgeber (2) and a Fahrwegmeßgeber (9), further via a memory (18 ) a crop input (10), via a memory (18) a working width input (11), a thousand kernel mass input (12) and a surface yield input 03) are assigned in parallel, on the output side of the shift chain memory (16) serially a decoder (19) »release gate (20) , a computer circuit (21) and a display (22) are connected to the computer (15) a Rechenzie! Input (14) is assigned and a flow control (23) takes over the organization of the Fiinki ons expiration it · 3 «Device according to points 1 and 2, characterized in that the inputs (10; 11) downstream memory (18) contain the specific constants hardwired. 4. Device according to item 1, characterized in that the computer (15) is essentially a counter-time encoder unit (29), a parallel 1-EJLn- / output unit (31), a read-write memory (30). a Hur-Lese-Speicher (28) and a microprocessor module (27), wherein the parallel input / output unit (31) has a display (22) and controls (32) and to the counter-timer unit (29 ) the counting channels (3; 4) of the Schüttlermeßgebere (1) and the Reinigungsameßgebers (2) and the Fahrwegmeßgeber (9) are coupled · - 3 sheets of drawings -