DD144230A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PELLETS FROM VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FROM HOPPING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention makes it possible to develop a new process using a specially designed apparatus for the production of pellets in feed production, such as e.g. Straw, green fodder, beet, oil crop, animal meal, compound feed pellets and / or in the production of pellets special crops, such as e.g. Hops, medicinal plants, medicinal herbs and drugs. The object of the invention is to modify the previous methods with respect to the following method steps and features: drying, comminution, pelleting, temperature control, throughput, energy consumption, content maintenance and / or implementation. The object is achieved by a new method, whereby the use of a specially designed device limits drying, eliminates conveyors and grinding units, increases throughput, reduces energy consumption and adjusts the temperature in the press according to the optimum process conditions. The particular device is characterized by the bore arrangement and design. Fields of application: straw, forage, compound feed, special feed, hops, special culture pelleting.

Description

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Title of the invention

Process and device for the production of pellets from vegetable and animal materials

Field of application of the invention

The invention makes it possible, using a specially designed apparatus, to determine the process in the production of compacts in putty production, e.g. Straw, green-fodder, "turnips", oily-fruit, animal-meal-flour, rice-fat compacts, etc., used in the preparation of compacts of special crops, such as "hops, medicinal plants, medicinal herbs.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

Compared to hitherto conventional methods, a change in the following method steps is achieved, such as e.g. Drying, comminution, temperature control, throughput, energy intake, content maintenance and / or implementation.

The hitherto known processes for the production of compacts will be explained by the example of the pelleting of hops (I, 4):.

1. drying

The drying of the product must be carried out on water contents of 4 to 6 fs to ensure proper grinding.

2, promote

By belt conveyors o.a. the material is conveyed to the grinding device.

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5 * grinding ·

The conveyed material will be milled to the required grain sizes with impact mills with sieve insert. In this case, ingredient losses occur up to 7 ^c . ,

4. Promote

The ground G-ut is conveyed to an intermediate storage facility with belt or pneumatic conveyors.

5 · Interim storage

The intermediate storage ensures a continuous removal of the milled material.

6. Feeding and dosing

From the interim storage are by rotary valve !! taken from the amounts matched to the throughput of the press. and conveyed to the press with screw conveyors. ,

7 »Pelletizing

The use of ITormalmatrizen the mashed good is processed into compacts »It occur ingredient losses up to 8 ^. The pellet temperature reaches 75 to ⁰ ° C, the throughput 1.6 t / 'JI and the power consumption of the press 60 ETv /.

8 * Conveying and cooling

The pellets reach a temperature of 75 to 90 ⁰ C on a cooling belt and einrichtungen'zur packing machine are then Bandforder- · promoted.

9. Packing

The packing takes place according to the requirements in small and large packs.

It is also known that for the formation of compacts smaller. Dimensions feed presses are used ^ in which the material to be pressed after drying _s Yorzerkleinerung, grinding, mixing by means of press rolls or by means of a G-egenmatrize through the arranged in the respective die body Durchgangslöeher is pushed through. »These are usually matrices with ring or sch'eibenfürmiger Shape

»They contain in regular and dense arrangement on their circumference or on one. Annular ring a variety of Durchgangslöehern with mostly circular and usually the same diameter.

According to the required pressing efficiency of the die. For example, the through-holes must have a certain length, which is usually 3 to 7 times the bore diameter. By continuously narrowing the bore diameter of the through holes from the inlet side to the outlet side or by continuously narrowing the bore diameter in the inlet region of the bore diameter in the uppermost entry region of the through holes, the length of the drill holes can be reduced. These matrices are made of segments to allow for leash fabrication, and matrices ¹ with small holes often give unfavorable bore diameter to length hole dimensions the stability of the matrix must be maintained,

that is, the through holes are too long. For the latter case, therefore, Lfatrices have been developed, which have specially smoothed surfaces of the through holes. Furthermore, embodiments are also known in which the effective length of the through holes is reduced by IPreibohren from the Katrizenunterseite ago. To simplify the complicated manufacturing process of small bore dies, save high quality material, and counteract the increased wear of small bore dies, it has been proposed to fabricate dies of normal material and large bore, eg, 13 mm. Inserts of high quality material with several smaller holes are then fitted in these holes.

Furthermore, devices are known which, mainly for reasons of torque transmission rate, have different bore diameters of the through-bores, the diameters of the bores being outer circumference, e.g. 23 mm, 16 mm on the inside. "Matrices were also used to compress animal feed

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designed to have segments at the outer and inner circumference and allow connection to an external cooling or heating system. '.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to simplify the known and existing processes for pelleting materials of plant and animal origin by the use of a special device, that is, to limit the drying, to eliminate the grinding as a separate process step, to increase the throughput Reduce energy input and make the temperature control at the press sp that a high temperature for digestion of certain ingredients may be achieved and in the opposite case, the temperatures are controlled so that sensitive ingredients are not destroyed «

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The novel process (5) is characterized by the use of a special device (Pig 1-3). The process for the production of pellets from vegetable and animal material is carried out on dried or predried material with Ya from 0 to 20 ? <>, Like ζ · Β · straw, green. fodder, beets, oil crops _v residues of oil recovery, animal body products, hops, herbal, medicinal plants, or drug as a single component or as a mixture without od.er with addition of inorganic substances in solid, liquid or dissolved form, How-, ζ .B * alkali compounds, ITH ,, Compounds of alkaline earth metals, silica gel, bentonite, processed in unzerkleinerter, pre-shredded or sintered Fo rm using a special device into compacts that in the press a desired degree of comminution of the material, an additional solidification of the pellets, a desired direct temperature. elevation of the good, such as Auf · Β · for digestion purposes, or a direct lowering of the temperature of the good, such as when pressing sensitive good, and / or an additional indirect increase or decrease in temperature of the goods by connection

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the special device to an external heating or cooling system is achieved that is increased by the use of the special device, the throughput compared to the usual methods and by the use of lubricants, wie.zB polyalcohols or plant extracts, further increases that in the Processing of sensitive goods the process of crushing and pelletizing in the press by inert gases, such as COp or. Nitrogen is shielded.

The new method will be explained using the example of hop pelletizing on the basis of measured values in test mode:

1 »Dry

The final drying of hops does not need to be conducted to a water content 4-6 fo, such as is required for grinding "The process of drying can be completed already at 10 to 14% water content. This results in an energy saving or a higher throughput in-Troca- eggs.

2 · Promote

The dried material is required by means of belt conveyor or pneumatic conveyor line to an intermediate storage. In this case, it is no longer necessary to use the previous method

1) promotion, i.e., saving of intermediate conveyor and investment costs, reduction of the disturbance rate, the waiting effort and the space requirement,

2) milling, that is, saving of investment costs, energy further reduction of bitter losses to $ 7 »reduction of the disturbance rate, of the effort on it, of the space requirement.

5 »Interim storage

The intermediate storage ensures a continuous removal of the good. · ·

4. promote and dosing

From the interim storage are by cellular wheel sluice]! The amounts adjusted to the throughput in the press are removed and conveyed by screw conveyors to the press.

5. Pelleting · "The material continuously conveyed to the press is ground by the use of the special device to analog grain sizes, as they were otherwise obtained with the in previous steps with hammer, Schlagnasen- or pin mills, and thereby pressed immediately to Peileta.

In the pelletizing step, the following important aspects continue to arise:

- Lowering of the pellet temperature by 20 C to 50 to 60 compared to matrices with purely cylindrical holes, in which already ground material was used.

- By connecting to an external cooling system with cold water of + 3 ⁰ G, the pellet temperature could be lowered even further, namely to 40 Ms 50 ⁰ C, the particular aspect of the cooling or heating system in the special 'device is that the cooling or heating takes place at the points where Y / poor must be removed or supplied. This is made possible, in particular, by the connecting bores 5 (FIGS. 1-3), which run directly between the die bores 3, so that through the connecting bores 5 the heat generated or required during the grinding and pressing process can be removed or supplied by the shortest route, while the previously known cooling systems were restricted to the outer and inner segments. , , - -

- The reduction of the temperature at the place of origin has a decisive effect on the reduction of the ingredient losses (bitter substances and aroma components) from »

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With this arrangement, other extremely delicate goods, such as' e.g. Medicinal plants and drugs, pellets, which require a gentle treatment of the ingredients on every pail,

The addition of inorganic substances, e.g. Alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonia or kieselguhr, the press guarantees during the crushing process in the press intensive mixing with the material and allows intensive implementation with the ingredients in the desired direction. The resulting compounds prevent further degradation of the ingredients during storage of the pellets.

- Special mention should be made at this point of the high achievable throughput of 3 »6 t / h compared to conventional matrices of 1.6 t / h, wherein the power consumption of the press was even lower than in the case of

like trial with the conventional die. ϊ

The use of, e.g. Hops extract or propanediol,

resulted in a further increase in throughput or reduction in the energy consumption of the press.

6 »Demand and Cool

The pellets leave the press in the case without additional cooling with temperatures of 50 to 60 C-, in the case of using an external cooling of the special device with cold water of + 3 ⁰ C with. Temperatures of. 40 to 50 C and fall on a cooling belt, the fan power due to the much lower Pellettemperatüren compared to the previous method can be largely reduced, flat, passing through the cooling belt, the pellets are conveyed by belt conveyors to the packaging.

7. Packing

The packaging is carried out according to the requirements in Kleinod he large containers.

  _8- 113 «EY. ·

The special device used in the new method of application is characterized in that 'the bores 3 consist in the axial direction of two successive sections 9 and 10 whose section 9 is subdivided into sectors 6, 7, 8 having different angles of elevation, wherein the aspect ratio of the sectors with each other is 1: 2.5 Λ 5 · and the inclination angle for the sector 6 is 60 to 70. for the sector 7 70 to 80 ° and the sector 8 75 to 88 ° be that the section 10 consists of a cylindrical bore and the ratio of the length of the section 9 to the section 10 in the range 1: 1 to Is 5, wherein the diameter of cylindrical bore corresponding to the desired pellet size in the range of 3 to 45 ßra. · The arrangement of the holes 3 is made so that the sectors of the section 9 are immediately adjacent. (Pig · 2). In section 10, between the cylindrical through-holes 3, there are connecting bores 5 between the outer heating or cooling segment 1 and the inner heating or cooling segment 2. The heating or cooling segments 1 and 2 are provided with forced-flow devices of known type to provide intensive heating or cooling To ensure cooling of the die through the connecting holes 5. The outer heating or cooling segment 1 is also still with connections for connection. ; an external heating or cooling system equipped.

Embodiment:

By means of examples the new possibilities of the procedure design are to be explained:

example 1

Pre-shredded straw (chopped) is conveyed by methods known hitherto, and mixed with the necessary and hitherto conventional aggregates and pulps, e.g. Cereals, cereal teas, urea, animal meal flours, oilseeds, beet pulp, UaQH, ITH,> are mixed in the manner and manner known to date, and this mixture is continuously fed to the press in accordance with its throughput. The angles of inclination of the sectors 6,7? 8

be 63 °, 68 °, 84 °> the ratio of section 9 to section 10 is 1! 5, the ratio of bore diameter to borehole length 1: 5 · Under these selected conditions, the material is ground to analogue grain sizes, as previously achieved with the use of hammer or impact mill mills, and pressed into pellets. The temperature of the pellets reaches>. 130 ⁰ C.

Example 2. ,

Dried or predried material (2 to 25 ° C. water), such as beet pulp, oil crops, residues of the oil production, hop extractors, carcass products, cereals, cereal products, are known in the art, either pure or in a mixture The angles of inclination of the sectors 6, 7 »8 are 63 °, 70 °, 85 °, the ratio of the section 9 to the section 10 is 1: 3. The ratio of the bore diameter 3 to the borehole length is 1 : 4 · In this arrangement, the material is roughly ground and pressed into pellets without additional feed or steam, predried and reduced to water contents of <1.14.sup.i, and the prior comminution can be dispensed with become.

Example 3

Coarsely pre-shredded green fodder (chopped) with a water content of 2 to 20 fo in pure form or as a mixture with known additives is continuously fed to the press according to the throughput.

The angles of inclination of the sectors G, 7, 8 are 63 °, 78 °, 87 °. The ratio of the section 9 to the section 10 is 1: 3 », the ratio of the bore diameter 3 to the hole length 1: 3 · Under these selected conditions, the material to analog grain sizes, as previously achieved in the upstream of hammer, Schlagnase or Stiftüühlen "milled and pressed into pellets." The temperatures are in the range of 75 ⁰ G.

to 95 ⁰ C * If a decomposition of impurities can be achieved, the temperature of the Katrize to an external heating system via the heating segments 1 and 2 and the connecting holes 5 is brought 7ert to the required \ "However, where a gentle pelleting in the foreground, the temperature is the die by the connection to an external cooling system on the cooling segments 1 and 2 and the connecting holes 5 further cooled down. When using cold water, a pellet temperature of 40 to 55 ⁰ C is reached.

Example 4

Undegraded, dried or predried hops (water content 2 to 20 fo) are continuously fed to the press in accordance with the throughput of conventional conveying and metering devices. The angles of inclination of the sectors 6, 7, 8 are -63 ° f 73 °, 87 °. The ratio of the section 9 to the section 10 is 1: 3 »the ratio of the bore diameter to the borehole length 1 σ 3 · Under the selected conditions, the material is ground to analog grain sizes, as in the previous method by pre-switching hammer, nose or pin mills, and pressed into pellets. The Pellettemperatüren are at 6O ⁰ C. Through the cooling segments 1 and 2 and the connecting holes 5, the die can be cooled after connection to an external cooling system. When using the cooling pellet temperatures of 40 to 50 ⁰ C are realized

Example 5

Dried, coarsely pre-shredded medicinal plants or other drugs are added to the press via conventional conveying and dosing devices. The. Tilt angles of sectors 6, 7 »8 are 63 °, 78 °, 87 °. ' The ratio of section 9 to section 10 is 1: 1, the ratio of the borehole diameter to the borehole length 1: 2. Under the chosen conditions, comminution and pelletization of the product takes place under gentle conditions with pellet temperatures

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of 50 ⁰ C. By connecting to an external cooling system via the cooling segments 1 and 2, and the connection holes 5, the pellet temperature to be further reduced. '

Example 6

Dried and grounded good, such as Forage, hops or drugs are conveyed to the press with conventional conveying and dosing devices. The angles of inclination of the sectors 6, 7, 8 are 70 °, -80 °, 88 °. The ratio of section 9 to section 10 is 1:. 3 · The ratio of the bore diameter to the borehole length 1: 3 * The material is gently processed into pellets. By the use of lubricants, e.g. Hop extract or propanediols, the throughput is increased enormously, the pellet temperature and energy consumption are reduced,

Example 7

Undegraded, dried hops (water content 2 to 16 ^) is fed via hitherto conventional conveying and metering continuously according to the throughput · on the press. The angles of inclination of the sectors 6, 7, 8 are 63 °, 78 °, 87. The ratio of the section 9 to the section 10 is 1: 3. The ratio of the bore diameter to the borehole length 1: 3 · Under the selected conditions, the material is ground to analog grain sizes, as in previous methods by pre-switching hammer, blown nose or Pin mills were received "In addition, inorganic substances such as" B "are used in the press. Alkali, alkaline earth, NH or diatomaceous earth, in proportions of 1 to 15 / 'dosed. These substances cause under the chosen conditions, a conversion of the ingredients in the desired direction or an adsorption of the ingredients, which under these conditions zerIiLe-inert Good is pressed together with slams to pellets. To prevent further reactions, the press is shielded by blowing in inert gas and 'the optimal working temperature of the press through the segments ΐ and 2 and the connection holes 5 set after connection to an external heating or cooling system »

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Compared to previous methods, the following advantages and changes result in Examples 1 and 2:

- Reduction of drying times

- Elimination of the grinding equipment

- Elimination of the direct addition of steam

- Energy savings

- optimum working temperature due to heating or cooling

In Examples 2 _S 4 »6,7 additionally:

- Elimination of pre-shredding

- Production of pellets under particularly gentle conditions

For goods with particularly sensitive contents, such as ζ, B-. Drugs, hops and green fodder, is this last * aspect of. particular importance Even without additional application! ·· cooling were the pellet temperature reached 15 with the inventive arrangement to 20 ⁰ C under the pellet temperatures were achieved with a Vergleichsmatrize with purely cylindrical bores, although here vermählenes Good has already been used. Of particular importance for the ingredients is also the elimination of the grinding process, such as with hammer, blown nose or pin mills.

Claims (3)

Erfxndungsansprach: 1 »Process for the preparation of pellets of vegetable and animal material, characterized in that the dried or predried material with water contents of 0 to 20 fo, such as straw, green fodder, beets, oil crops, residues of oil production, carcass products, hops, herbal tea, medicinal plants or drugs, as a single component or mixture with or without addition of inorganic substances in solid, liquid or dissolved form, such as alkali compounds, KH ^, compounds of alkaline earth metals, silica gel, bentonite, in uncomminuted, pre-crushed or vermeterner form using a special device be processed into compacts that in the press a gewünsjohter degree of comminution of the goods, an additional solidification of the pellets, a desired direct increase in temperature of the goods, such as for digestion purposes, · or a direct reduction in temperature of the goods, for example, would be sensitive when pressing · Good, and / or an zusä useful indirect temperature increase or decrease of the material is achieved by connecting the special device to an external heating or cooling system. Method according to item 1, characterized in that the throughput is increased by use of the special device and by the use of lubricants, e.g. Polyalcohols ^ and / or plant extracts, is further increased. 3 * Method according to item 1 and 2, characterized in that during the processing of sensitive goods, the process of crushing and pelleting in the press by inert gases, such as CO ₂ , nitrogen, shielded. 4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to the points 1,2, and 3> characterized in that the device is used for presses with fixed and'umlaufender die that in the ^; Matrize the holes 3 in the axial direction of two successive sections 9 and • ... - 14 - A "I J" whose section 9 is divided into three sectors 6, 7, 8 with different angles of inclination, the ratio of the sectors 6: 7: 8 preferably being 1: 2.5! 5 and the angle of inclination for the sector 6 60 to 70 °, for the sector 7 65 to 80 ° and for the sector 8 75 to 88 ° be that the Ab. If the ratio of section 9 to section 10 is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 5, the diameter of the cylindrical bore 3 in section 10 corresponds to the desired pellet size in the range of 3 to 45 mn is that the arrangement of the holes in the section 9 takes place so that the sectors 6 directly adjoin one another, that pass between the holes 3 in the section 10 connecting holes between the outer segment 1 and the inner segment 2 for heating or cooling, that the outer and inner segment 1,2 for heating or cooling with forced flow means and the outer segment 1 with connections for <ien connection to an external heating or cooling system are provided that, when the holes 3, the ratio of the hole diameter to the hole length of 1: 10 to 1 : 1, preferably 1: 5 to 1: 1.