CZ894A3 - Cabbage harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

In a cabbage harvester with a lifting-out, a cutting, a conveying and a cleaning and stripping device (14), the cutting device (11) consists of a horizontal high-speed cutting disc which is driven at a circumferential speed equal to a multiple of the travelling speed, and the cleaning and stripping device (14) consists of at least two parallel driven conveying shafts (10), the distance between which is smaller than the minimum diameter of a cabbage head. The conveying shafts (10) have the same direction of rotation and ensure that the cabbage heads execute a rolling movement individually in succession. <IMAGE>

Description

(57) The harvesting machine has a device (10) for pulling cabbage heads (21) from the ground, a cutting device (11) for separating the cabbage head (21) from the brass (22), and a conveying device formed by a discharge belt (12). The cutting device (11) consists of a horizontal high-speed cutting disc (32), which is driven at a peripheral speed several times greater than the speed of travel of the machine and produces a clean cut at the transition between head (21) and cabbage (22). The cleaning device (14) consists of two parallel driven conveying elements (41,42) having conveying shafts (57,38,39,40) whose spacing is less than the minimum diameter of the cabbage head (21) and whose direction of rotation is identical.

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Cabbage machine harvesters

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The invention relates to a cabbage harvesting machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Current_technologies

These known machines work with rigid pick-up bars or rods which, for harvesting cabbage heads, move just above the soil to the left and right of the cabbage heads, which are arranged in a row. Elevated cabbage heads are conveyed by means of cooperating standing conveyor belts towards the rear to a cutting device consisting of two horizontally arranged, rotating cutting discs, the cutting discs being driven so that their peripheral speed is slightly greater than the driving speed harvesting machine. With this arrangement of the cutting and cutting unit glass, the problem is that weeds, cabbage leaves and similar plant residues coil with each other with the soil, resulting in clogging of the harvesting area of the machine. Another disadvantage of the known cutting knives is that the speed when cutting the broom from the head of cabbage presses the head of cabbage, and when cutting it often jam, t _and when a perfect straight cut is not achieved. Due to the use of standing conveyor belts, this arrangement also has little soil freedom, further increasing the risk of clogging.

Cabbage heads that do not have a clean and straight cut can be very difficult to clean with great effort, so that cabbage heads leaving known machines are often not clean enough, i.e., cleaned in white, and this generally generates considerable costs for additional cleaning. Upon leaving the cutting apparatus, the cabbage heads roll on an associated upwardly conveying device and are then conveyed upwardly through the riser belt. Such an ascending belt is a conveyor belt on whose surface transverse walls and / or transverse partitions are arranged, so that individual chambers are formed in which the cabbage heads are placed upwards during their transport. Approximately at the knee height, a horizontal conveyor belt connects, creating a post-cleaning area where several workers are employed by removing one cabbage head from a deeper conveyor belt, straightening up, taking the cabbage head in their arms and manually removing the leaves with a cutting knife the remaining parts of the broom to give the head of cabbage to a whitish-cleaned state by this manual processing. Then, these workers place the head of cabbage on a transfer belt that runs in the front area of the conveyor belt at right angles to it. It is very difficult to reach this transfer belt, at least for those working in the rear of the machine, so that it is very strenuous to put it down. In general, due to the deeply adjusted conveyor belt arrangement, it is necessary to carry out permanent bending of the back in accordance with the demanding cleaning work. The finishing work associated with these familiar machines is very demanding, laborious and extremely unpopular ·

Essence-ΣΣΒ ^ Ιβ15

It is an object of the present invention to further simplify the harvesting of cabbage heads, to automate it as much as possible, and to provide, as far as possible, trouble-free harvester harvesters, thereby achieving a substantially complex cabbage harvesting machine.

The object is solved by a harvesting machine according to the invention, the features of which are included in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the harvesting machine according to the invention are the subject of further claims.

According to the invention, a complex cabbage harvesting machine is formed by which the cabbage heads and / or brassica heads are cleaned white, i.e. they are completely cleaned, thus achieving these heads to a large extent by the machine and automatic processing of the condition required for deliveries large consumers. This means that the head of cabbage must be cleaned and separated straight from the broom in order to carry out the optimum subsequent cleaning process and to allow spirals around the broom to be spaced evenly and easily outside the broom and to adjust the measures in the machine which would ensure a rough pre-cleaning of the cabbage heads in the pre-cleaning conveyor system which is connected between the cutting device and the cleaning device, thereby substantially eliminating the post-treatment and the post-cleaning process is essentially limited to checking or possibly cabbage heads having damaged places where manual cleaning or complete sorting of such damaged cabbage heads is required ·

The perfect harvesting of cabbage heads, which is a prerequisite for the operation of such a complex harvesting machine, is achieved according to the invention in that the centering feed tips are rotationally driven and are continuously rotatably guided on the ground surface, thereby raising the cabbages to associated driven harvesters and augers that pull the ground from the ground and bring the head of cabbage in a reliably standing condition to the cutting system. The cutting device is driven to have a high speed of rotation that is multiple of the driving speed of the harvesting machine, thereby cutting the broom from the cabbage head with relatively little force and minimal pressure, thereby avoiding jamming of the cabbage head by the cutting process a clean straight cut immediately at the point of transition from the broom to the head of cabbage as set, which is critical for perfect automatic cleaning · Collection, transport and cutting process are supported by a scanning and guiding belt that is arranged above the harvesting and conveyor worms, whereby the cabbage head is firmly held from above, thus avoiding uneven harvesting and cutting processes. The outer, relatively loose cabbage head leaves are removed in the pre-cleaning conveyor belt system by moving the cabbage head on the conveyor by rolling ·

The cabbage head cleaning itself takes place in a specially designed and particularly expedient cleaning device according to the invention, which consists of a series of shafts arranged parallel to one another with conveying and cleaning elements, the individual shafts being arranged in a trough in which the cabbage heads move in They are forced into the rolling direction by means of shaft-extending extensions, such as helical threads or threaded risers, thereby removing the outer leaves which must no longer be present in the white-cleaned cabbage head. The shafts of the cleaning device are adjustable in width and height relative to each other, and the shafts are driven by different, adjustable revolutions, thus allowing for account of circumstances such as the degree of soiling or the magnitude of the increase. cabbage heads, etc.

The cabbage heads thus cleaned, which are substantially completely cleaned, or cleaned into white, are then guided by means of another conveyor belt around the finishing station. The finishing belt is guided at the working height or at the height of the working table. Both the finishing strip and the workbench have a relatively small width so that the worker of this finishing station can comfortably and ergonomically roll or lift the head of cabbage from the finishing strip to the bench, check it or even clean it, and then place it on the drain belt. which is arranged in parallel and at the same height as the cleaning belt. This minimizes the effort required for refinishing, or the refinishing process can be performed optimally. In particular, the cabbage head can be placed on the workbench during the inspection and, if necessary, after cleaning or carving, and there is no need, as previously necessary, to hold it in the arms and practically clean it there with one free hand.

The cabbage head, which is then cleaned, is then transferred from the post-cleaning conveyor belt to, for example, a conveyor belt via a conveyor belt.

While in known cabbage harvesters the harvester is transporting a tractor or tractor, the transport vehicle moves alongside it with the aid of another tractor or tractor, in the case of the invention it is proposed that the harvester machine and the transfer device from the harvester to the transport truck are that the transport wagon is towed by the tractor along with the harvesting machine. The tractor, the machine and the trailer form a traction unit connected to each other during the harvesting process. This eliminates the need for an additional second tractor and a second tractor driver, thereby allowing considerable savings.

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The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the harvesting and cutting device of the machine. Fig. 3 shows a side view of the harvesting and cutting device of Fig. 2.

FIG. 4 shows a side elevation of the riser. Fig. 5 shows a plan view of a cleaning device according to the invention. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cleaning device of Fig. 5.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of the post-treatment post-treatment station and FIG. 8 shows a side view of the post-treatment station.

Invention_example

The cabbage harvesting machine 2 is driven by a tractor 2, which is connected via a suspension device 3 to a transport car 4 to which the cleaned cabbage heads 21 are passed. The harvesting machine 1 is connected to the tractor 2 via

7 of the releasable connecting beams 5 and 6 are carried away by it, a part of the load being absorbed by the support wheel 8 of the harvesting machine frames 9, which is schematically indicated by dash-dotted lines. The harvesting machine 7 has a harvesting device 10, a cutting device 11, a conveyor belt 12, a riser belt 13, a cleaning device 14, a cleaned cabbage head 31 receiving a horizontal conveyor belt 15, a control and post-cleaning device 16 and a transfer conveyor belt 17 cleaned 21 cabbage heads per transport wagon 4. Further, a row 18 of cabbage heads and an adjacent, subsequently harvested row 19 cabbage heads are shown. · Alternatively, for a larger harvesting machine, multiple rows of cabbages can be harvested at the same time. or more rows. The already harvested part of the field is schematically indicated by 20.

FIG. 3 shows schematically a single cabbage head 21 with a broom 22 which grows with its roots in the soil and which partially protrudes from the soil. The box frame 23 forms part of the overall frame 9 of the machine and contains on it harvesters and cutting tools that are in the form of ejection and feed tips 24. 25. 26. 27, harvesters and augers 28. 29 and a cutting disc 32. the feed tips 24, 26, with their ejection and feed tips 25, 27 which are arranged just above the soil, are rotationally driven. They are V-shaped apart and are bent in the direction of the inclined upwardly harvesting and conveying augers 28, 29 In their forward movement, which ensures the traveling movement of the harvesting machine <1, they take the cabbage head 21 between them and guide it centrally to the harvesting and conveying worms 28, 29 «. They grasp the broom 22 just above the ground surface and pull it in Vertical direction from soil. The scanning and guiding belt 48, which moves over the harvesting and conveying worms 28, 29, simultaneously pushes the cabbage head 21 downwards, ensuring that the cabbage is not lifted upwardly from the harvesting and conveying worms 28, 29 as a whole. the feed tips are operably connected by means of the joints 30, 31 to the harvesting and conveying screws 28, 29, thereby allowing the opening angle of the centering and feeding tips 24, 26 to be adjusted.

The harvesters and augers 28, 29 rotate in opposite directions so that the cabbage head 21 is firmly held and transported in the opposite direction until it engages a horizontally arranged cutting disc 32, which is rotatably mounted on the vertical shaft 33 of the cutting disc 32. Advantageously, a drive 34 is provided on the shaft 33 which causes the cutting disc 32 to rotate. Instead of such a particularly simple and expedient direct drive 34, the drive of the cutting disc 32 can also be effected by means of a gear, chain or the like, the direct drive 34 being particularly advantageous in view of the relatively high rotational speed of the cutting disc 32. it has, for example, a plurality of cutting teeth engaging the broom 22 where the broom 22 passes into the cabbage head 21, thereby separating the broom 22 from the cabbage head 21 completely and the cabbage head 21 being cleanly cut and then conveyed through the cutting disc 32 back and forth on the discharge belt 12 and from there it reaches a rising belt 13, which is generally designed as an orbital conveyor with circumferentially offset transverse walls or crossbeams 35 forming individual chambers or compartments 36 for one or more heads From the riser belt 13, the cabbage heads 21 are transferred successively to the cleaning device 14, which is formed of several mutually mutually

parallelly arranged conveying shafts 37, 38, 39, 40 or conveying worms which are arranged at a distance from one another which is smaller than the smallest diameter of the cabbage head 21, the spacing of which is adjustable, moving in a horizontal plane and inclined to the horizontal plane is adjustable and lowerable and whose rotation speed can be changed. These screws or shafts 37, 38, 39, 40 have helical elevations, forming conveying elements 41, 42 in the form of threads or the like, which are directed in the same direction so that the cabbage heads 21 disposed on these screws move in the direction of the arrow. while producing a continuous rolling motion, the surface area of the cabbage heads 21 during continuous rolling movement continually comes into contact with the elevations of the threads, thereby separating the outer green leaves from the cabbage head 21 · The cleaning path can be extended or shortened by screwing or the like in the direction of movement it sets uphill or descent, so that the dwell time of cabbage heads 21 in the cleaning device 14 can be prolonged for the same length of the cleaning path. · As shown in the ptax, this produces an excellent cleaning effect so that the cabbage heads 21 are 14 cleaned to white, t o means they have reached a condition in which they can be shipped to the factory. Thus, the white cabbage heads 21 are transferred from the cleaning device 14 to a horizontal conveyor belt 15, from where they arrive at a control and finishing device 16 in which the cabbage heads 21 are manually picked or checked, for example damaged areas are improved or individual heads 21 the cabbages are sorted out or some cabbage 21 is cleaned.

The inspection and finishing device consists of a horizontal narrow post-cleaning strip 43, a narrow cleaning table 44, which is more of a width of the screed, and a station 45 at which the worker 46 inspects a moving cabbage head 21 damaged or refined the cabbage is deposited on the cleaning table 44, where it carries out a post-cleaning process and then places the cabbage head 21 cleaned again on a pickup belt 47 which is arranged parallel to the post-cleaning belt 43. The top side of the post-cleaning belt 43 and the top side of the cleaning table 44 the sides of the pick-up belt 47 have the same height so that the operator 46 can handle the cleaned cabbage head 21 with minimal force. From the pick-up belt 47, the cleaned cabbage heads 21 pass to the next transfer conveyor belt 17, which passes the cabbage heads 21 to the transport wagon 4,

Claims (16)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Harvesting machine of cabbage with a device for the controlled extraction of cabbage heads from the soil, a cutting device for separating the cabbage head from the broom, and a conveying device for discharging and pre-cleaning individual uncleaned cabbage heads to the cleaning device and another conveying device for passing a transport wagon, characterized in that, on the one hand, the cutting device (11) is designed as a horizontal, high-speed cutting disc (32) which is driven at a peripheral speed equal to multiple times the travel speed of the harvesting machine (1) and on the other hand, the cleaning device (14) consists of at least two parallel driven conveying elements (41, 42) having transport shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) on their surface. ) whose spacing is less than the minimum diameter cabbage heads (21) whose direction of rotation is the same and on which the cabbage heads (21), individually in succession, carry out a cleaning effect generating a rolling movement during further transport by the conveying elements (41, 4fl). Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, following a self-cleaning cleaning device (14), a control and post-cleaning device (16) is provided in which the cleaned cabbage heads (21) are finally manually checked and, if necessary, damaged areas are removed and consist of a finishing strip (43) and a work surface or cleaning table (44), which is assigned at the same height immediately behind the cleaning strip (43). Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) of the cleaning device (14) are worm shafts whose helices operate in the same forward direction, Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that four worm shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) are arranged parallel and spaced from each other, from which the two central shafts (37, 38) are arranged in a the lower plane and the two outer shafts (39, 40) are arranged above such that the four shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) form a trough with each other. Vegetable harvester according to one of Claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the rotation speed of the shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) is infinitely adjustable. Cabbage harvesting machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pitch of the shafts (37, 38, 39, 40) is infinitely adjustable. Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the post-cleaning strip (43), the cleaning table (44) and the station (45) for the workers (46) are fixedly arranged on the frame as a control and post-cleaning device (16). (9) Harvesting Machines (1) Cabbage and are adjusted to an ergonomically optimal working height. Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the post-cleaning belt (43) is a relatively narrow conveyor belt and the cleaning table (44) is a narrow table top, so that the worker (46) can have a head (44) on the cleaning table (44). 21) lift the cabbage comfortably and with little effort, eventually roll it from the finishing belt (43) to the cleaning table (44), check it there, eventually clean it and bring it to the next process, Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that a collecting belt (47) is arranged at the same height parallel to the post-cleaning belt (43) on which the completely cleaned cabbage head (21) is laid, The cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 with two centering and feeding tips which are open in the forward shape and run just above the ground beneath and lift the cabbage head, and with a harvesting and transport device which firmly grips the broom, the cabbage head with the broom guided and held in an upright position, and the cutting device separates the head of cabbage and the broom and passes them to the rear of the other conveying device, characterized in that the ejection and feed tips (24, 26) are rotationally driven and the device is formed of two mutually cooperating rotating harvesting and conveying worms (28, 29), at the front end of which the centering and feeding tips (24, 26) are arranged, Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the distance between the two harvesting and conveying screws (28, 29) of the harvesting device (10) from each other and from the cutting disc (32) and with respect to the soil is infinitely adjustable. Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1, 10 or 11, characterized in that a rotating pickup and guide strip (48) is arranged above the harvesting and up to 14 legal augers (28, 29) of the harvesting device (10) and above the cutting disc (32). ), which, when the cabbage head (21) passes through the harvesters and augers (28, 29) and during cutting, holds it so that the cabbage head (21) is transported and cut in a vertical position at a constant speed, Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the drive (34) of the cutting disc (32) is arranged directly on the shaft (33) of the cutting disc (32), Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the drive (34) is arranged below the cutting disc (32). Cabbage harvesting machine according to one of claims 1 or 10 to 14, characterized in that the peripheral speed of the cutting disc (32) is at least three times the traveling speed of the harvesting machine (1). Cabbage harvesting machine according to claim 1 or one of the other claims, characterized in that the harvesting machine (1) is attached at the rear to the tractor (2), wherein the receiving unit projects laterally from the tractor (2) so that the tractor ( 2) when harvesting, it runs along a row of cabbage that the harvesting machine (1) is carried by a tractor (2) and a separate support wheel (8) that captures the load of the outwardly projecting harvesting device (10) and that the harvesting machine (1) has a transfer conveyor belt (17) adapted to the vehicle (4).