CZ37120U1 - A preparation to support the flora of a spa therapeutic landscape - Google Patents

Description

In the registration procedure, the Industrial Property Office does not determine whether the subject of the utility model meets the conditions of eligibility for protection according to § 1 of Act. E. 478/1992 Coll.

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape

Field of technology

In addition to the presence of a natural healing source, the spa therapeutic landscape is characterized by the fulfillment of parameters such as air cleanliness (average value of dust aerosol, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides NOX), permissible noise level, number of hours of sunshine, presence of medicinal oils, terpenes and negatively charged particles, settlement by fauna, the presence of watercourses and urban, architectural and aesthetic factors. The quality of vegetation, the percentage of forest stands, the spatial, species and age composition of stands, the structure of parks and the maintenance of greenery are also very important.

Current state of the art

The spa therapeutic landscape is created by the concurrence of therapeutic, natural science, urban and cultural-historical aspects. The set of elements of spa treatment includes not only its own treatment and regeneration procedures, but also a significant part of staying in a certain natural environment, in which there is a synergy of hygienic, environmental and aesthetic prerequisites. When evaluating the therapeutic effect, the positive effects of mineral water or other healing sources (gases or peloids) cannot be separated from the synergistic effects of the natural environment of the spa as a whole, therefore the term spa therapeutic landscape is mainly associated with parks and forests falling within the protected area of the spa.

Protection and modification of the spa's microclimate can be achieved by sufficient afforestation of this area. Trees enrich the air with substances beneficial to health, of which, for example, the most common monoterpene, α-pinene, produced by most conifers, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. The requirements of the spa site in terms of climatic, hydrological and aesthetic conditions determine the functions of the forests in the vicinity of the spa sites, without which the impact of the spa stay could be threatened by an undesirable weakening of the therapeutic effects.

Supporting the uptake, growth and vitality of cultivated forest trees, ornamental shrubs, grassy areas and flowers in spa parks, forest parks and spa woodlands is an important element for the preservation and development of the spa therapeutic landscape. Healthy flora, together with a suitable urban planning solution, helps the healing process during a therapeutic stay in a spa environment not only by its effect on the creation of a healthy atmosphere containing health-promoting substances, but also by a positive effect on the psyche and aesthetic perceptions of patients and visitors to the spa area.

The maintenance of healthy spa flora has recently become more and more demanding for many reasons, but mainly due to the lack of moisture and the increased occurrence of phytopalogenic fungi. Due to the influence of snowdrifts, especially in the summer, not only the spa forest stands, especially the Norway spruce, are damaged, but also the grassy areas with the appropriate growth of ornamental trees and shrubs in the spa parks, the irrigation of which must be paid increasing attention.

The essence of the technical solution

The preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to the technical solution, containing mycorrhizal fungi together with added substances that retain the much-needed soil moisture, and preferably with the addition of biochar enriched with natural or synthetic fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, contributes to the uptake, growth and protection of vegetation in spa forests and parks and potassium enriched with trace elements of iron, zinc, manganese, boron and sulphur. The support of the growth and vitality of the spa flora according to the technical solution consists in the symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi with cultivated plants, which can use a much larger volume of soil with the help of extramatrical hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi

- 1 CZ 37120 U1 than the root hairs of the plants themselves without mycorrhizae. Mineral nutrients are transferred to the host plant, from which the fungus, in turn, receives the carbohydrates necessary for its further growth and development. Once the roots are colonized by the mycorrhizal fungus, the growth of the host plant is rapidly stimulated. The development of mycorrhiza and the stimulation of the growth of the above-ground part of the plant, including its vitality and thus resistance to adverse growth factors (suckers, attacks by phytopathogenic fungi) are therefore directly dependent.

To support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the case of forest trees such as most coniferous trees (spruce, pine, fir, Douglas fir, larch, hemlock, cedar), some deciduous trees such as beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam , hazel, edible chestnut, etc., these trees are inoculated during planting using a preparation according to a technical solution containing ectomycorrhizal fungi already in the forest nursery, or during the actual planting of trees at the given locality of the respective spa. Biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi (e.g. genera Agaricus, Amanita, Boletus, Cortinarius, Crucibulum, Entoloma, Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Hypholoma, Laccaria, Lactarius, Lepista, Macrolepiota, Morchella, Paxillus,, Rhizopogon, Russula, Sparassis, Suillus, and Tricholoma) prepares by culturing under aerobic conditions in potato-soy broth or wort liquid medium or preferably in medium containing malt extract at 15 to 25 °C for 14 days in the dark. Cultivated biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi is used directly in the form of cultivation medium with grown biomass, or it is previously converted into a dry form in a spray dryer or by lyophilization. When sowing, planting and cultivating grasses, flowers, shrubs and other woody plants, these plants are inoculated with a preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to a technical solution containing endomycorrhizal fungi (e.g. genera Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Rhizophagus or Sclerocystis). The mycelium of these fungi is grown on a host plant, e.g. corn or clover, cultivated hydroponically in a mixture of perlite and sand in a weight ratio of 6 to 1 to 1 to 6 after the addition of spores or inoculum of cultivated endomycorrhizal fungi and the formed mycelium in the form of a substrate with fragments of roots host plants with hyphae and spores of endomycorrhizal fungi is used in the form of a preparation according to the technical solution as an addition to seed or planting material.

According to the technical solution, the fixation of mycorrhizal fungi near the roots of cultivated plants is also assisted by added biochar, preferably obtained by charring waste wood in a retort or by thermal treatment of sludge from sewage treatment plants (if the conditions set by the standard for the content of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are met). Biochar has the ability to absorb and retain water in the soil and preserve it even for periods of drought. It improves the ability to retain nutrients that are dissolved in water or captured on the surface of biochar, binds mineral substances and, in addition, with its "prophylactic" effect, it limits the occurrence of diseases and pests attacking the roots of these plants. It brings to the soil the ability to better pass and retain air, significantly better than sand, which lightens the soil, but its grains do not have an internal porous structure.

Mycorrhization of planting material together with the addition of biochar according to the technical solution increases the vitality and resistance of planted and cultivated trees to negative environmental influences, especially to the very current attack by phytopathogenic fungi. Since the resistance to phytopathogenic fungi is significantly reduced in the case of a lack of moisture (during summer droughts), the addition of biochar as a water "retainer" together with hydrocolloids (having the ability to retain over 80% of water) in the form of fixing gel and also humic substances, perlite or other porous material, peat and crushed bark, preferably disintegrated by means of hydrodynamic cavitation, also contributing to the easier growth of planted and cultivated plants. In order to create a hydrocolloid, the preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to the technical solution contains the addition of natural polysaccharides such as alginate, carrageenan and xanthan or preferably pectates as a waste secondary raw material from the production of pectins.

Cultivated mycorrhizal fungi in the form of a preparation according to the technical solution are added to the seed or planting material in nurseries, preferably together with peat and/or crushed bark and/or an inorganic porous additive such as perlite and/or biochar and/or a hydrocolloid based on natural polysaccharides and/or humic substances or are added to those planted

- 2 CZ 37120 U1 saplings in the form of a fixation gel based on natural polysaccharides preferably containing biochar and/or peat and/or crushed borage and/or peat disintegrated by hydrodynamic cavitation and/or an inorganic porous additive such as perlite and/or humic substances and/or natural or synthetic fertilizers. The application of the biomass of mycorrhizal fungi together with a fixing gel containing the above components is advantageous not only because of the support for the uptake of planted plants and their subsequent growth due to the ongoing symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, but the presence of hydrogel and/or biochar ensures the necessary amount of water for the cultivated trees. The use of hydrogel, preferably with added biochar and other mentioned components, is very simple. Before planting, a bundle of planting material or individual trees or shrubs is immersed in a preparation according to the technical solution containing the gel in question, which very easily adheres to the roots of the planted trees, which are then directly planted. Wrapping the roots with a fixing gel prevents the plants from drying out, which significantly helps maintain high-quality planting material after harvesting in nurseries and during transport, or even storage before actual planting.

For sowing grasses or laying lawn carpets, planting flowers and ornamental shrubs in spa parks, the preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to the technical solution contains the mycelium of endomycorrhizal fungi in the form of a substrate with fragments of the roots of the host plant, preferably clover or corn, with hyphae and spores of cultured endomycorrhizal fungi.

In ongoing symbiosis, there is a mutual influence on the exchange of nutrients between the mycorrhizal fungus and the host plant, and these physiological processes are mainly manifested in the cycle of nutrients in ecosystems. Mycorrhization of cultivated plants significantly reduces the occurrence of some diseases and pests attacking the roots of planted plants, which are also resistant to some viruses, probably as a result of the indirect effect of improved nutrition after mycorrhization.

The application of the product to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to the technical solution supports the uptake, growth and vitality of cultivated plants together with their protection against stress factors such as lack of moisture, especially in the form of summer droughts and invasions by phytopathogenic fungi and viruses with the risk of a subsequent attack by bark beetles, especially the spruce bark beetle . For this reason, the application of the preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to the technical solution contributes to the creation of a pleasant healthy environment in spa forests, forest parks, spa parks and gardens.

A non-negligible advantage is the low economic complexity of the preparation and application of the product in question, regardless of the savings potential related to the achieved protection of the treated trees.

Examples of implementing a technical solution

Example 1

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting of most conifers and some deciduous trees such as beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam, hazel, chestnut, etc., obtained by cultivating ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Amanita, Boletus, Crucibulum , Gymnopilus, Lepista, Morchella, Russula and Tricholoma in wort liquid medium at 25 °C for 14 days in the dark in an amount of 46 wt.%. the resulting mixture with the addition of 15 wt.% biochar. enriched with NPK-based mineral fertilizers together with magnesium and microelements, prepared by charring waste wood in a retort with the subsequent addition of 5% wt. peat and 5% wt. crushed bork, disintegrated using hydrodynamic cavitation, 5% by weight polysaccharides based on carrageenans and xanthan, 3.5 wt.% inorganic porous substrate, 0.5 wt.% of humic substances, 0.5 wt.% proteins based on horn and, as needed, added water in an amount of approx. 20% by weight. to create a fixing gel of the desired stickiness

- 3 CZ 37120 U1 and viscosities. In the preparation created to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the form of a fixation gel, planted saplings intended for planting on the respective spa areas are soaked.

Example 2

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting of most conifers and some deciduous trees such as beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam, hazel, edible chestnut, etc., obtained by cultivating ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Agaricus, Cortinarius, Entoloma , Hypholoma, Lactarius, Macrolepiota, Rhizopogon and Sparassis in a medium containing malt extract at 15 °C for 21 days in the dark in an amount of 6 wt.%. resulting mixture with the addition of 35 wt.% of biochar, prepared by charring wood in a retort, with the subsequent addition of 3 wt.% peat and 15 wt.% crushed borks, disintegrated by hydrodynamic cavitation, 25 wt.% polysaccharides based on xanthan and pectates as waste secondary raw materials from the production of pectins, 2 wt.% of humic substances, 1 wt.% of inorganic fertilizers of the NPK type and, as needed, added water in an amount of approx. 13% by weight. to create a fixing gel of desired stickiness and viscosity. In the preparation created to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the form of a fixation gel, planted saplings intended for planting on the respective spa areas are soaked.

Example 3

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting of most conifers and some deciduous trees such as beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam, hazel, chestnut, etc., obtained by cultivating ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Agaricus, Entoloma, Hypholoma , Rhizopogon, Amanita, Boletus, Hebeloma, Laccaria, Paxillus Suillus and Tricholoma in potato-soy broth at 20 °C for 17 days in the dark in an amount of 70% by weight. the resulting mixture with the addition of 5 wt.% biochar, enriched with NPK-based mineral fertilizers together with magnesium and microelements, prepared by thermal treatment of sludge from sewage treatment plants (if the conditions set by the standard for the content of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are met), with the subsequent addition of 15 wt.% peat and 3 wt.% crushed bork, disintegrated using hydrodynamic cavitation, 2 wt.% polysaccharides based on alginates and carrageenans, 1 wt.% proteins based on horn and, as needed, added water in an amount of approx. 4% by weight. to create a fixing gel of desired stickiness and viscosity. In the preparation created to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the form of a fixation gel, planted saplings intended for planting on the respective spa areas are soaked.

Example 4

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting and cultivation of flowers, shrubs and other woody plants without ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, obtained by cultivating endomycorrhizal fungi of the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Sclerocystis on the host plant, e.g. corn, grown hydroponically in a mixture of perlite and sand in mass in a ratio of 3 to 1, in the form of a substrate with fragments of the roots of the host plant with hyphae and spores of endomycorrhizal fungi in the amount of 66% by weight. the resulting mixture with the addition of 3 wt.% polysaccharides based on alginates and xanthan, 10 wt.% biochar, prepared by charring waste wood in a retort, enriched with 0.5 wt.% of mineral fertilizers based on NPK together with magnesium and calcium and also with microelements of iron, zinc, manganese, boron and sulphur, 3 wt.% disintegrated peat, 3 wt.%

disintegrated borks, 0.5% wt. of humic substances and, as needed, added water in an amount of approx. 14% by weight. of water to create a fixing gel of desired stickiness and viscosity. Flowers, shrubs and trees intended for planting on the relevant spa areas are soaked in the preparation created to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the form of a fixing gel.

- 4 CZ 37120 U1

Example 5

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting and cultivation of flowers, shrubs and other woody plants without ectomycorrhizal symbiosis obtained by cultivating endomycorrhizal fungi of the genus 5 Claroideoglomus, Funnelformis, Gigaspora, Glomus and Rhizophagus on the host plant, e.g.

on clover, grown hydroponically in a mixture of perlite and sand in a weight ratio of 1 to 3, in the form of a substrate with fragments of the roots of the host plant with hyphae and spores of endomycorrhizal fungi in an amount of 25% by weight. resulting mixture with the addition of 8% wt. polysaccharides based on xanthan and pectates as waste secondary raw materials from the production of pectins, 40 wt.% biochar, prepared by 10 thermal treatment of sludge from sewage treatment plants (when meeting the conditions given by the standard for the content of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) enriched by 2 wt.%. of mineral fertilizers based on NPK together with magnesium and calcium and also with microelements of iron, zinc, manganese, boron and sulphur, 10 wt.% disintegrated peat, 10 wt.% disintegrated borks, 2% wt. of humic substances and, as needed, added water in an amount of approx. 3% by weight. of water to form a fixing gel of the desired stickiness and viscosity. Flowers, shrubs and trees intended for planting on the relevant spa areas are soaked in the preparation created to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape in the form of a fixing gel.

Example 6

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting and cultivation of flowers, shrubs and trees, obtained by mixing 80 wt.% of grown mycelium of endomycorrhizal fungi according to example 4 or 5, with 5% wt. disintegrated peat, 2 wt.% polysaccharides based on alginates and xanthan, 12 wt.% of biochar prepared by charring wood matter in a retort enriched with 25 by 1% wt. of NPK-based mineral fertilizers together with magnesium and microelements is added to the cultivation substrate when sowing seeds or to the hole when transplanting plants in a way that ensures contact with plant roots.

Example 7

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape for the planting and cultivation of most conifers and some deciduous trees such as beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam, hazel, edible chestnut, etc., obtained by mixing 60 wt.% of cultivated mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi according to example 1 or 2, 10 wt.% disintegrated peat, 10 wt.% polysaccharides based on 35 carrageenans and pectates as waste secondary raw materials from pectin production, 20 wt.% biochar prepared by charring wood in a retort is added to the substrate intended for sowing and growing the trees in question in forest nurseries.

Example 8

Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape obtained by cultivating mycorrhizal fungi according to example 1 or 4 in an amount of 75% by weight. the resulting mixture with the addition of 5 wt.% polysaccharides based on alginates and xanthan, 5 wt.% biochar, prepared by thermal treatment of sludge from sewage treatment plants (when meeting the conditions set by the standard for the content of heavy metals and polycyclic 45 aromatic hydrocarbons) enriched with NPK-based mineral fertilizers together with magnesium and calcium and also with trace elements iron, zinc, manganese, boron and sulfur, 5 wt.% peats disintegrated using hydrodynamic cavitation and 10 wt.% water is injected into the roots of trees in places of the spa therapeutic landscape threatened by stress factors for plant growth, such as the danger of a lack of moisture, especially summer droughts, or the invasion of 50 phytopathogenic fungi. especially spruce bracken.

Industrial applicability

A preparation to support the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape containing as the main components

- 5 CZ 37120 U1 mycorrhizal fungi together with added hydrocolloids based on natural polysaccharides and biochar, retaining the much-needed soil moisture, with which the sown or planted grasses, flowers, shrubs and trees are inoculated with these fungi and in their subsequent symbiosis, which together with with added water-retaining substances, it helps the healthy growth of flora in parks 5 and spa forests. The increased vitality of trees growing in symbiosis with supplied mycorrhizal fungi prevents not only the invasion of phytopathogenic fungi, especially the spruce weevil, but also the subsequent attack of weakened trees without mycorrhiza by bark beetles.

Claims (5)

1. Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape, characterized by the fact that it contains a mixture of 5 to 85% by weight. mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi and/or 2 to 35 wt.% polysaccharides based on alginates or carrageenans or xanthan or pectates and/or 5 to 40 wt.% biochar and/or 3 to 20% wt. peat and/or 3 to 20 wt.% crushed borks and/or 0 to 15% wt. porous inorganic substrate and/or 0 to 15 wt.% of humic substances and/or 0 to 5 wt.% protein and/or 0 to 5 wt.% inorganic NPK fertilizers containing magnesium and/or calcium salts and microelements and/or 4 to 40% water. 2. Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a mixture of 5 to 85% by weight. mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi selected from the genus Agaricus, A manita, Boletus, Cortinarius, Crucibulum, Entoloma, Gymnopilus, Hebeloma, Hypholoma, Laccaria, Lactarius, Lepista, Macrolepiota, Morchella, Paxillus,, Rhizopogon, Russula, Sparassis, Suillus and Tricholoma, for planting and the cultivation of conifers and deciduous trees selected from the group consisting of beech, oak, poplar, linden, birch, alder, willow, hornbeam, hazel and edible chestnut. 3. Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 5 to 85% by weight. endomycorrhizal fungi selected from the genus Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Funneliformis, Gigaspora, Glomus, Rhizophagus and Sclerocystis for planting and growing grasses, flowers, shrubs and trees without ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. 4. Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 5 to 40% by weight. biochar based on charred waste wood or thermally treated sludge from sewage treatment plants. 5. Preparation for supporting the flora of the spa therapeutic landscape according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 3 to 20% by weight. peat and/or 3 to 20 wt.% crushed borks disintegrated by means of hydrodynamic cavitation.