CZ302916B6 - Sorbent for fixation of polluting substances from solid surfaces and water level - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, there is disclosed a sorbent for fixation of polluting substances from solid surfaces and water level, said sorbent consisting of ash after combustion of biomass with the use of most active particles as far as sorption is concerned, said particles having the size ranging from 0.01 to 2.00 mm, combined with cellulose fibers, further with hydrophobizing ingredients based on organic fatty acids and derivatives thereof, or organosilicon compounds and a coagulation ingredient in the form of reactive calcium compounds namely calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount ranging from about 1 to 30 percent by weight providing resistance to segregation of already saturated sorbent by mechanical process, optionally through the action of pressure water. The individual components are mutually composed mechanically by means of high-speed activation agitators or high-speed forced-action mixers and the resulting mixture forms a homogeneous, hydrophobic, extremely sorption active sorbent in which the finest dust particles are bound to cellulose fibers and released into the sorption process no sooner than during contact with a substance being sorbed. The sorbent prepared in the above-described manner can be primarily used for removing and after treatment of working fluid, lubricant and extractable substance-based fuel leakages.

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of sorbents for the sorption of extractables and dispersions and emulsions thereof from solid surfaces and water, formed by ash after biomass combustion using sorbent active particles of 0.01 to 2.00 mm in a cellulose fiber composition. 0.5 to 12 mm in length, with hydrophobicizing agents based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives or organosilicon compounds and coagulating agent in the form of reactive calcium compounds, namely calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight , providing resistance to the dispersion of already saturated sorbent by mechanical action or by pressure water action. The individual components are mechanically composed by means of high-speed activation mixers or high-speed knife mills and the resulting mixture forms a homogeneous, hydrophobic, highly sorption active sorbent in which the finest dust particles are bound to the cellulose fibers and released into the sorption process only during contact with the sorbed substance . The sorbent prepared in this way can be used primarily for the removal and treatment of leaks of operating liquids, lubricants and fuels based on extractable substances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sorption is a complex process in which both adsorption and absorption, respectively. even for chemical reaction or other binding of adsorbate on contact of the liquid and / or gas phase with the solid phase. To remove extractable substances and dispersions and emulsions formed from solid surfaces, sc uses peat-based sorbents (RU 2336125), (RU 2362619), a product under the trade name PEATSORB, sorbents prepared from finely ground needles (CS 242324), or sorbents for cellulose-based (RU 2270718), (WO 0 111 126). Possible disadvantages of these sorbents are mainly the airborne dust particles and difficult hydrophobization of the sorbent. Furthermore, sorbents based on polyeurethane (RU 2345836), (RU 2206393), products under the trade names OL-EX etc. are known. The disadvantage of these sorbents when applied on solid surfaces is mainly low specific gravity of sorbent and associated air flow and low abrasion resistance of polyurethane. , which makes it difficult to clean saturated sorbent on solid, broken and abrasive surfaces. Kieselguhr-based sorbents (CT 297246) are known which have a lower sorption capacity than the other sorbents mentioned and, owing to their higher weight, even worse handling. The next chapter are sorbents using agglomerated carbonaceous particles formed during gasification of petroleum and tar raw materials (CZ 289426), (CZ 280506), eventually alkali activated fly ash after burning coal at temperatures higher than 1000 ° C (CZ 278405). The disadvantage of these sorbents is, besides the higher price, mainly the problematic use on solid rugged and abrasive surfaces, when saturated agglomerates lose their cohesiveness during handling and due to the pore size they are more useful in the sorption of low-viscous liquids.

Untreated inert bulk materials, such as sand, may also be used as a precautionary measure to remove the extractables and the dispersions and emulsions of the solid surfaces formed therefrom. These materials are not significant due to their sorption effect. Formerly used inert sorbents based on hydro-phobised expanded volcanic glass - perlite are almost no longer used due to their airiness and high price.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the technical solution consists in the creation of a homogeneous hydrophobised sorption mixture consisting of ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin using the sorptically most active particle size of size 0.01 to 2.00 mm firmly mechanically fixed in cellulose fibers

By means of high-speed activation mixers or high-speed knife mills, an integral part of the sorbent is a hydrophobizing additive based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives, or organosilicon compounds, which in addition to the hydrophobization of the mixture form a bond between ash particles and cellulose fiber. is dosed during the homogenization to the mixture in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight and the reactive calcium compound in the form of calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, acting as a coagulating additive saturated sorbent by mechanical action or pressurized water. Ashes after biomass combustion in a defined particle size range exhibit high sorption capability to both polar and non-polar liquids, but their separate use as sorbents is not possible due to their high air flow and due to the amount of fine carbon particles and their undesirable adhesion outside the area of use. Biomass ashes of plant origin are fixed to the cellulose fiber by mechanical means and with the aid of a hydroboating agent based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives or organosilicon compounds; fully com plex plex sized particles that provide sorption across a wide range of viscosity values. Sorbents penetrate into the sorbent structure thus formed, due to Van der Wals and capillary forces their inclusion in the porous structure to form clusters which, due to the hydrophobic nature of the sorbent when in contact with water, do not desorb the already absorbed substances, allowing wide use of sorbent in processes removal of extractable substances and dispersions and emulsions formed on them on a solid surface, for example in road and industrial accidents, to purify oil spills from hard to reach places and uneven surfaces and on the water surface. The advantage is easy to apply Inost sorbent that does not dust, does not fly, does not adhere, is easily mechanically removable after saturation, and since saturated sorbent does not absorb already trapped substances even problem-free storage before final disposal, for example by combustion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Sorbent for fixation of contaminants of song surfaces and water level formed by homogeneous hydro-hydrogenated sorption of mixtures containing cellulose fibers on which mechanically fixed ash particles after combustion of biomass of plant origin with particle size of 0.01 to 2.00 mm, hydrophobisation of organic fatty acid additive and derivatives thereof, or organosilicon compounds, and coagulating additives in the form of reactive calcium compounds, namely calcium sulfate, or calcium hydroxide, or calcium oxide.

1 m < -1 > of fixative contains 200 to 900 kg of biomass ash after combustion of vegetable origin, 10 to 250 kg of cellulose fiber, 2 to 90 kg of hydrophobic additive based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives or organosilicon compounds and 2 to 180 kg of coagulation additives in the form of reactive calcium compounds, namely calcium sulfate or calcium hydroxide, or calcium oxide.

Industrial applicability

Sorbent for fixation of pollutants from solid surfaces and water surface is intended for disposal and cleaning of extractable substances and their dispersions and emulsions from solid surfaces, especially roads, soil, aggregates, and water.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS 5 1. Sorbent for fixation of contaminants of song surfaces and water level, characterized in that it consists of a homogeneous hydrophobic sorption mixture containing cellulose fibers on which the ash particles are firmly mechanically fixed after combustion of biomass of vegetable origin and hydrophobizing additive based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives or organosilicon compounds, where 1 to ³ kg of sorbent contains 200 to 900 kg of ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin with a particle size of 0.01 to 2 mm, 10 to 250 kg of cellulose fiber, 2 to 90 kg of hydrophobic additives. 2. Sorbent for fixation of contaminants of song surfaces and water level according to claim 1, characterized in that it further contains coagulating additives in the form of reactive calcium compounds, namely calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide, where in 1 m ^{3 of} sorbent there is 2 to 180 kg of coagulating additive.