CZ21772U1 - Sorbent based on polyurtehane foam with combined activity for fixation of pollutants from solid surfaces and water level - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

Technical solution relates to sorbent of extractable substances from solid surfaces and water surface and formed by dispersions from solid surfaces and water formed by polyurethane foam, ash after biomass combustion, hydrophobic additives based on organic fatty acids and their derivatives, or organosilicon compounds and coagulation additive in form reactive calcium compounds, such as calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide, or calcium oxide, providing resistance to the disintegration of the already saturated sorbent by mechanical action, possibly under the action of pressurized water. The sorbent is characterized by a minimum water absorption capacity for water and water-dilutable liquids and a high affinity for extractable substances, emulsions and dispersions thereof, which is particularly useful for removing and purifying leaks of operating liquids, lubricants and fuels from solid surfaces and water.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sorption is a complex process in which both absorption and absorption occur. for chemical reaction, or other binding of adsorbate on contact of the liquid and / or gas phase with the solid phase. Peat-based sorbent (RU 2336125), (RU 2362619), a product under the trade name PEATSORB, sorbents prepared from finely ground needles (CS 242324), or sor20 bents, are used to remove extractable substances and dispersions and emulsions formed from them cellulose-based (RU 2270718), (WO 0111126). Possible disadvantages of these sorbents are mainly the airborne dust particles and difficult hydrophobization of the sorbent. Furthermore, polyurethane-based sorbents (RU 2345836), (RU 2206393), products under the trade names OLEX etc. are known. The disadvantage of these sorbents when applied to solid surfaces is the low specific gravity of the sorbent and the associated air flow and low abrasion resistance of the polyurethane. it makes it difficult to clean saturated sorbent on solid, rugged and abrasive surfaces. Kieselguhr based sorbents (CZ 297246) are also known which exhibit a lower sorption capacity compared to the other mentioned sorbents and, due to their higher weight, even worse handling. The next chapter are sorbents using agglomerated carbonaceous particles resulting from gasification of petroleum and tar raw materials (CZ 289426), (CZ 280 506), eventually alkali activated fly ash after the combustion of coal at temperatures higher than 1000 ° C (CZ 278405). The disadvantage of these sorbents is, besides the higher price, mainly the problematic use on solid rugged and abrasive surfaces, when saturated agglomerates lose their cohesiveness during handling and due to the pore size they are more useful in the sorption of low-viscous liquids.

Untreated inert bulk materials, such as sand, can also be used as a precautionary measure to remove extractable substances and dispersions and emulsions formed therefrom from solid surfaces. These materials are not significant due to their sorption effect. The previously used inert sorbents based on hydrophobized expanded volcanic perlite glass are almost no longer used due to their air flow and high cost.

Hydrophobized ashes after combustion of biomass of plant origin show high complex sorption properties - adsorption, absorption and chemisoption towards extractable substances and their emulsions and dispersions, but their separate use as sorbents is not possible due to their high air flow and due to the amount of fine carbon particles and undesirable sticking outside the area of use.

On the other hand, polyurethane foam is a highly effective porous sorbent, but its sorption ability is only due to adsorption, ie the effect of interfacial attraction forces on the surface of the adsorbent, which limits its sorption ability especially for medium and high viscous liquids.

-1 CZ 21772 Ul

The essence of the technical solution

The essence of the technical solution consists in increasing the sorption capacity of the polyurethane foam by means of ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin, whose particles are composed into the porous structure of the polyurethane foam. The ash is hydrophobized by organic fatty acids and their derivatives, or organosilicon compounds. Coagulation additive based on reactive calcium compounds such as calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide, or calcium oxide, which forms a bond between the ash particles and the polyurethane foam, can be added to increase the resistivity of the already saturated sorbent by mechanical action or pressurized water. The amount of ash after combustion of biomass of vegetable origin is always less than or equal to the specific surface area of the polyurethane foam and the grain size of the ash after combustion of biomass of vegetable origin is always less than or equal to the pore size of the polyurethane foam.

Hydrophobized ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin after fixation in the pores of polyurethane foam increases the overall absorption capacity of polyurethane foam to double the value, since in the sorption process firstly due to Van der Wals and capillary forces the ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin is released. saturation is formed by non-desorbing separate ash clusters after combustion of biomass of plant origin with sorbed substance and by this mechanism loosens porous structure of polyurethane foam for self-adsorption.

In the application itself, the polyurethane foam is sufficiently loaded with fixed hydrophobized ash after the combustion of biomass of plant origin, so that dustiness and airflow are substantially reduced, thus reducing the sorbent's own consumption for trapping leaked liquids and allowing its use even in large areas and in applications where Emphasis is placed on increased cleanliness and hygiene.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

The sorbent with a combined effect for fixation of pollutants from solid surfaces and water level based on polyurethane foam is assembled so that in the pores of the pulp a polyurethane foam with a grain size of 1 to 4 mm, with a maximum pore size of 0.2 mm and a total surface of 220 m ² , hydrophobised ash is incorporated after the combustion of biomass of plant origin with grain size

0.01 to 0.20 mm with a total surface area of 197 m ² and a weight of 100 kg. 2 kg of calcium stearate is used to hydrophobize ash after burning biomass of plant origin.

Example 2

The embodiment of the invention according to Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that a coagulation additive of 8 kg is added as a sorbent to increase the resistance to dispersion of the already saturated sorbent by mechanical or pressurized water action. Calcium sulfate was used as a coagulation additive.

Industrial applicability

The sorbent with a combined effect for fixing contaminants from solid surfaces and water level based on polyurethane foam according to the invention is intended for sorption of diesel, gasoline, oils, fats, lubricants and their dispersions from solid surfaces floating and dispersed in water.

Claims (1)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Combined effect sorbent for fixing contaminants from solid surfaces and water surface based on polyurethane foam, characterized in that hydrophobised ash is incorporated in the pores of the polyurethane foam after combustion of biomass of vegetable origin, 5 sizes of less than or equal to the pore size of the polyurethane foam and in an amount less than or equal to the surface area of the polyurethane foam, wherein from 1 to 20% of organic fatty acids and their derivatives or organosilicon compounds weight of ash after combustion of biomass of plant origin. Combination sorbent for the fixing of contaminants from solid surfaces and water surface based on polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains coagulating additives in the form of reactive calcium compounds, namely calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide, or oxide The amount of coagulating agent amounts to 1 to 20% by weight of ash after combustion of biomass of vegetable origin.