CZ302867B6 - Tramway body and process for producing floor and ceiling modules of such tramway body - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, there is disclosed a tramway body consisting of a floor module (2) and a ceiling module (3), which both are produced as self-supporting and one-piece elements having U-shape in cross section wherein side columns (4) are arraneged between these mopdules (2, 3). Both the floor module (2) and ceiling module (3) are made as molded laminate walls (9), with layers or reinforcing glass fabric (10) arranged on both inner and outer surfaces thereof. The invention also discloses a process for producing the above-described floor and ceiling modules of a tramway body wherein the production process is characterized in that these modules are molded by a winding mold (19) being inserted onto a mandrel (18). Shape inserts (20) are placed on the mold (19) into suitable places whereupon first a layer of glass fabric (10) containing resin is put onto the mold (19) and the shape inserts (20), then layers of polymer create a molded laminate wall (9) and subsequently another layer of glass fabric (10) containing resin is put thereon. Finally, the material (25) thus molded is sealed in an airtight foil (27), air is evacuated from the space extending metween the hardened material (25) and the foil (27), and the shell is separated in points (21). The two parts thus formed are then removed from the mold (19).

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tramway housing and a method for manufacturing floor and ceiling modules of such a tramway housing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, trams are being solved to reduce weight and thus prevent any negative impact on the track superstructure, and also solve problems with boarding disabled or immobile passengers into public transport vehicles. The main problem was to solve the parts without axles and bearing the distribution or power unit so far stored under the floor of the car, which made it difficult to reduce. There are new kits which, thanks to a more suitable distribution of the mentioned parts, can be considered as barrier-free. However, these cars are made as weldments of floor, side and roof panels, making them expensive, expensive and heavy. Notwithstanding this disadvantage, fleet replacement is too costly for many urban transport operators. It is therefore necessary to find a solution which would allow the modification of existing types of vehicles with the least possible cost of rebuilding and manufacturing the barrier-free part of the combination box.

The documents CZ-B1-12487, CZ-B1-12599 and CZ B114919 represent a T-shirt trolley vehicle with a low-floor middle part. The lowering of the floor is achieved by a more suitable arrangement of the bogie, which lies on the junction of two adjacent links so that the axle only reaches the axle by one wheel, and this allows the lowering of the floor. However, the lowered part is still provided with a part of the chassis and its construction is a weldment of steel sheets.

CZ-B1-13598 is a multi-articulated tram vehicle incorporating short low-floor links without a bogie with only suspension on two adjacent supporting links. This simplifies the center link and, since it does not require a chassis, allows for a substantial reduction in the floor. However, the cell structure is again a weldment of steel parts. However, weldments are expensive, heavy and difficult to manufacture.

WO 9 823 475 discloses a wagon body of a rail vehicle formed of a bogie, a one-piece or multi-piece floorboard, side wall parts and a roof. It is a modular system, but it does not solve the actual construction and production of surfaces, which would be complex to a large number of parts.

CZ-B1-169932 discloses a load-bearing sandwich structure for rail vehicles, consisting of two layers of steel sheets between which there is a carrier core of foamed plastic. For perfect bonding of the individual parts together, the inner surfaces of the cover layers are provided with an adhesive layer, for example a polyvinyl acetate adhesive, into which spherical-shaped particles engage the foamed core. The beads are made of plastic or glued together from sand. By interfering with the carrier core, they resist well to shear stresses. The disadvantage is the need just mentioned balls.

WO 01 062 570 discloses a method of manufacturing a panel element for car bodies in a sandwich construction, describing the various phases of gluing and mechanical joining of bumpy sheets with an outer sheathing. However, this method is already obsolete and the material is heavy and clumsy.

EP 1 184 249 discloses a tram box comprising a roof and a floor part made of aluminum or a mixture of aluminum as separate parts and side parts made of a composite material. However, due to the use of metal parts, the part is heavy and the production is complicated.

-1 CZ 302867 B6

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new type of low-floor tram cabinet and a process for its production eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks.

The above-mentioned drawbacks of the existing types of low-floor cabins and their manufacture are largely eliminated by the tram box according to the present invention, which is characterized in that the floor module and the ceiling module are formed as shaped laminate walls, reinforcing glass fabric.

In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the floor module is longitudinally provided with fiberglass fiberglass beams.

In another preferred embodiment, the housing further comprises front beams, supporting beams and end plates, all of which are also laminate parts.

In another preferred embodiment, the front beams are provided with grips.

In another preferred embodiment, the side pillar is hollow and consists of a polymeric profile with an outer and inner side coated with a glass fabric containing resin with a surface for storing and gluing windows, the pillars being arranged in cavities in the floor module and ceiling module.

The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing floor and ceiling modules of a tramway casing according to at least one of the embodiments described above, the shape of which is modeled on a dark-wound winding mold, where molded inserts are placed in suitable locations. a layer of resin-containing glass fabric, then the polymer layers form a shaped laminate wall, and then the resin-containing glass fabric layer is deposited again, whereupon the wrapped material is hermetically wrapped with an airtight foil, air is sucked from the space between the cured material and the foil the shell divides in points and the resulting two parts are removed from the mold.

In a preferred embodiment, a filler of working material is deposited on the dark and / or the insert at the locations of the cut-outs to be cut in the panels.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an assembled part of a tramway casing according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a floor module, FIG. 3 shows a roof module, FIG. 4 shows a section of a side pillar, FIG. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a winding mold; and Fig. 7 is a plan view of a winding machine according to WiTec winding technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In Fig. 1 there is a lightweight tram box 1 consisting of a floor module 2, a ceiling module 3 and side pillars 4 which define the distance between the floor module 2 and the ceiling module 3, thereby determining the height of the whole component. The floor module 2 and the ceiling module 3 are made as self-supporting and one-piece laminate panels. The front beams 5 with fasteners 8, supporting beams 6 and front plates 7 or other components are then attached to these panels.

Fig. 2 is a detail of the floor module 2, where it can be seen that it is formed as one piece, in a "U" section. Furthermore, in this figure it can be seen that the shell laminate wall 9 of laminate

-2GB 302867 B6 is uninterrupted throughout the profile, so as mentioned above, it is a one-piece unit. During manufacture, a reinforcing glass fabric 10 is deposited on the outer and inner surfaces of the shaped laminate wall 9. The floor module 2 is provided with cut-outs H. for insertion of windows 16. In order to reduce the sag of the floor, four pultruded beams 28 made of fiberglass are longitudinally incorporated in the bottom of the floor module 2.

It can be seen in Fig. 3 that the ceiling module 3 is similar to the floor module 2, i.e. as a U-shaped panel provided with cut-outs 12 for locating the door, and hollow posts 17 for the posts are indicated, which will be discussed later. .

FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a side pillar 4 which is hollow and consists of a polymer profile 13 with a resin-containing glass fabric 14 applied on the outside and inside and further has a surface 15 for seating and gluing the windows 16.

Fig. 5 shows how modules 2 and 3 will be mounted together. The columns 4 are inserted into the prepared cavities 17 in the floor module 2 and the ceiling module 3, where they are glued or assembled mechanically. The cavities 17 are provided with stops 26 to achieve the exact position of the side posts 4. The stops 26 are best seen in FIG. 2.

The ceiling module 1 and the floor module 2 are manufactured using WiTee winding technology, generally winding on a tm 18 rotating around its axis of the laminate layer. In this case, first the glass fabric layer 10, then the polymer matrix strips with resin, and finally the glass fabric layer 10 comes again. This darkness 18 is seen in Fig. 7. In detail the darkness 18 shown in Fig. 6 shows how laminate parts are formed on it. Tm 18 is fitted with a winding mold 19 and form inserts 20, which serve to complete the desired module shapes 2,3 and to ensure the strength of the mold surface 19. After curing, the shell is punched longitudinally at points 21 and after the end bearing 22 24, the two parts, modules 2, 3, are removed. In order to reduce the consumption of the laminate, fillings of working material, such as paper pulp, are deposited on the points 18, 12 and / or the shape insert 20 at the locations of the cut-outs 11, 12 which will be cut out of the finished parts 2, 3. After completion of winding and curing of the laminate, these fillers are then easily removed.

Due to the difficulty of creating a constant pressure on the material to be rolled on the square profiles, this method has been used only for round shells. This problem was solved by completing the method with vacuum compaction where the wrapped material 25 in the dark 18 is hermetically wrapped with the thin film 27 indicated in Figure 6. Air is sucked from the space between the cured material 25 and the film 27. The amount of vacuum is controlled by measurement. The foil 27 then creates a constant pressure on the material all around the periphery under vacuum, which improves the process of gluing all layers together and compacting the wall.

The advantage of such a solution is the weight saving of the bearing structure of the lightweight part without reducing its strength, increased corrosion resistance without further anti-corrosion measures, low number of components of the whole casing and variability of their cross-section.

Another advantage is to ensure repeatable quality of the laminate.

A further advantage of the aforementioned lightweight section of the tramway casing is the material structure which, in the case of external damage, narrowly delimits the area of immediate contact with the colliding object without affecting adjacent structures. Subsequent repair is then solved according to the degree of damage.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS Tram box comprising a floor module and a ceiling module which are manufactured as self-supporting and one-piece U-shaped sections, side columns being arranged between these modules, characterized in that the floor module (2) and the ceiling module The modules (3) are designed as shaped laminate walls (9), with layers of reinforcing glass fabric (10) arranged on their inner and outer surfaces. Tram box according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor of the floor module (2) is longitudinally provided with fiberglass beams (28) made of fiberglass. Tram box according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises front beams (5), supporting beams (6) and front plates (7), all of which are also made as laminate parts. Tram box according to claim 3, characterized in that the front beams (5) are provided with grips (8). Tram box according to claim 1, characterized in that the side pillar (4) is hollow and consists of a polymer profile (13) with a fiberglass (14) containing a resin-containing glass surface (15) on the outside and inside. and gluing the windows (16), the posts (4) being arranged in the cavities (17) in the floor module (2) and the ceiling module (3). Method for the production of tramway floor and ceiling modules according to at least one of the preceding claims, the shape of which is modeled on a dark-wound winding mold, characterized in that shaped inserts (20) are placed in suitable places on the mold (19). firstly a layer of resin-containing glass fabric (10) is deposited on the mold (19) and the molding (20), then the polymer layers form a shaped laminate wall (9) and finally the resin-containing glass fabric layer (10) is deposited again, whereupon the wrapped material (25) is hermetically wrapped with an airtight foil (27), air is sucked from the space between the hardened material (25) and the foil (27) and finally the shell is separated at points (21) and 19) remove. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that a filler of working material is deposited on the tm (18) and / or the insert (20) at the locations of the cut-outs (11, 12) which will be cut in the panels (2, 3). .