CZ281047B6 - Method of cultivating new trees when forming wood growths, particularly spruce forests - Google Patents

Abstract

Trees are planted in wrappers of natural wood where they grow until the wood of the packages dissolves. Then the trees are left to grow either at a permanet place or they are pre-planted in packages and then relocated with the package.<IMAGE>

Description

Method of growing new trees in the formation of forest stands, especially spruce

Technical field

The solution concerns the method of growing new trees during the creation, ie establishment and restoration of forest stands, especially spruce stands.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, new forest stands are renewed and established, usually by first growing seedlings of new trees in the nursery. Seedlings are usually grown in soil or in plastic film containers or in pots, most often plastic. The seedlings are then planted (removed from the packages) at the designated site directly into the mineral soil, possibly with a ball around the root system. The transplanted trees are then treated against rebelling by marrying, ie by mowing the competing vegetation around the tree.

Kindergartens are located at a relatively low altitude. The reasons for this are both economic and good accessibility, the possibility of supplying energy, water and labor, a better climate, and the like. Seedlings are grown here in order to grow trees as fast and as large as possible. Fertilizers are used, chemical weeding and chemical pest control are performed. This type of cultivation has a negative effect on seedlings. This results in inappropriate physiological parameters (for example, inadequate assimilation apparatus, reduced resistance, inadequate mycorrhiza, etc.) for growth at the site of future withdrawal, leading to frequent mortality of seedlings, especially spruces. As a result of the rigid sheaths, the root system is deformed and weakened, which, moreover, often becomes damaged during transplanting. Frequent mortality of seedlings occurs especially when their height is shifted against the place of cultivation. Subsequently, reforestation is necessary, which increases the labor and cost of the entire process and also worsens the site conditions. It also extends the necessary forest regeneration time and reduces wood yield. A number of ecological negatives, such as the risk of soil erosion and lower water retention in the landscape, also slow down the process of forest regeneration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the fact that new trees are produced in the formation of forest stands, in particular spruce trees, by planting the trees in solid, compact, natural wood containers, and then allowing them to grow until the wood of the containers decomposes, and longer. Creation of forest stands means either the establishment of new or renewal of old forest stands. Plantation of a tree is understood here to mean both the planting of a tree seedling (ie, its transplanting) and the sowing of the seed (ie, the cultivation of the seedling). The sheath in which the new trees are planted may be a body of virtually any external shape (but provided with a seedling recess), consisting of compact natural wood, i.e., raw wood, which is not impregnated or varnished and which has a natural compact consistency (i.e. it does not consist, for example, of glued sawdust, etc. The casing may also consist of several parts of said material

-1EN 281047 B6 may also be waste, with rotting, cracks, knot holes, or other mechanical damage. The effect of the solution lies in the fact that the package decomposes over time, the roots of the new tree gradually grow through the wood and overgrow into the soil surface, creating a new growth.

The trees are either planted in pre-deployed packages where they remain permanently (using available natural material directly on site: into recesses made in a lying log or stump, into a crack in a grown stump left in the soil, into a wooden log provided with a drilled recess ) or, after planting in the packaging, the trees are placed with the packaging first at one location and later at another location (using the possibility of pre-cultivation in an accessible environment in simple wooden containers, allowing convenient transfer of pre-transplanted seedlings to a permanent location).

It is most advantageous to use spruce wood packaging which is available and is best suited for its purpose.

The advantages of the proposed method are considerable, especially when creating forest stands in mountainous areas: Trees grown in wooden sheaths directly at their permanent habitat are hardy, acclimatized and do not suffer from transplanting shock. The conditions of the seedlings are improved, which can be placed in a plane above the soil surface, thereby giving them more heat (which is also caused by decomposing wood material) and are not threatened by creeping snow (during melting). There are no distortions of the root system, which are common when grown in solid, non-degradable containers. Moisture is ensured even in the unfavorable months of the year and nutrition of the growing sapling tree from decaying wood packaging. In very unfavorable habitats there is no need for fertilization. Furthermore, the use of the proposed method makes it possible to plant or renew a new crop under the protection of the existing, old crop, which brings further improvement of the conditions for the seedlings. Thus, if the seedling seedlings are used in genetically valuable forests, this method allows the continuous development of the local population. The method can also be advantageously used for seed plantation. After removing the existing stand, the effect of height variation of the new stand can be achieved using the proposed solution, which also brings increased resistance of new stands to snow and wind.

Another advantage is that the seedlings are not endangered by rebelling and therefore the act of marrying is eliminated.

The proposed method can be used also for afforestation of debris and hard-afforestable clearings.

As there is no mortality of seedlings, it is not necessary to provide spare landing and the area is permanently used for production.

The importance of the proposed solution is also ecological. It does not pollute the environment with undesirable waste and allows to abandon the chemization of the environment (fertilization). In addition, it allows the use of wood waste, it is possible to use fallen or felled trees without the need to clear the wood mass. At the same time, there is no soil surface degradation, which in some cases can prevent soil erosion,

For example, on steep slopes.

The method of growing new trees in the creation of forest stands according to the proposed solution is applicable especially for spruce stands in mountain areas. It may also be suitable for other forest tree species, such as the European pine, limbu pine, bird crane, European beech.

Overview of the drawings

The method according to the invention is illustrated in more detail by the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows the cultivation of new trees in cylindrical recesses on a tree stump; Fig. 2 shows the cultivation of a new tree in a pyramid-shaped recess on a tree stump; Fig. 4 shows the cultivation of a new tree in a wooden container placed on the soil surface; and Fig. 5 is the cultivation of a new tree in a wooden container partially recessed into the soil.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

An exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention has been tested in the restoration of non-native disrupted spruce stands by the underplanting:

Spruce seedlings were grown from genetically suitable seed in the nursery. These were then planted in an irregular buckle in solid, compact natural wood containers at their future permanent habitat. As mentioned packages were used remaining stumps and logs lying on the surface at this site, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. saw cuts in the shape of pyramids and on the lying logs saw cuts in the shape of pyramids and prisms were made in which the new trees and their root ball were planted (without using fertilizer for planting). Where stumps and logs were not suitable, pieces of logs were moved from the surrounding area. The natural trees in some stumps were used to plant new trees. Standing remains of the old stand were not cut down, so in this case they served as protection of the new planting.

The planted trees were allowed to grow further. The mortality of the seedlings was minimal, otherwise the usual marriage did not have to be carried out. Over the next two years the trees flourished, their wooden cover (ie stumps, lying logs) gradually decomposed.

Then, the restored spruce stand was raised in a conventional manner (by cutting, i.e. pruning). Over the next few years, the wooden seedlings of the seedlings were completely decomposed and merged into the surrounding soil of the new tree bed.

-3GB 281047 B6

Example 2

Another embodiment of the method was carried out during the restoration of the old-age original spruce stand, so called support of natural rejuvenation:

Small, spontaneous spruce seedlings were picked up in the stand and transplanted to seedling (ie plastic containers for a larger number of individuals). In a suitable habitat in close proximity to the restored stand, these seedlings were allowed to grow for two growing seasons. At the end of the second vegetation period, the seedlings were transplanted into recesses made in naturally fallen trunks, distributed over the area of the future stand, ie the future permanent habitat of new trees. Other seedlings were transplanted into pre-felled lands provided with recesses and cut-outs (as in Example 1, i.e. as shown in Figures 1 to 3). Here the seedlings were left to grow.

Then, the restored spruce stand was raised in a conventional manner (by cutting, i.e. pruning). Over the next few years, the wooden seedlings of the seedlings were completely decomposed and merged into the surrounding soil of the new tree bed.

Example 3

A further embodiment of the method was carried out during forest regeneration on an existing hardly afforestable clearing located on a mountain ridge:

At the same altitude with the clearing, spruce and pine seedlings were grown from seed in seedlings. Subsequently, part of these seedlings were transplanted into wooden containers, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, while the other part of the seedlings were left further in the planters. The wooden containers consisted of logs, cut from land and provided with one to three recesses, and were concentrated at a location near the forested clearing. After two years of growth in wooden containers, the seedlings and the containers were transferred from the habitat and placed on the clearing. At the same time, some of the seedlings and the cover were only laid on the soil surface and others were recessed into the wells. At the same time, the stumps remaining on the clearing were used in planting seedlings in wooden containers by planting seedlings from the planters into pre-prepared recesses in these stumps, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. because it was not necessary to move too many seedlings with packaging.

The planted trees were thus allowed to grow. Successful grew and it was not necessary to carry out the marriage, because the trees due to the elevated location did not threaten the rebels. Thereafter, the restored spruce stand with kneeling was raised in a conventional manner (by cutting, i.e. pruning). Over the next few years, the wooden seedlings of the seedlings were completely decomposed and merged into the surrounding soil of the new tree bed.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS A method for growing new trees in the formation of forest stands, in particular spruce, characterized in that the new trees are planted in solid, compact natural wood containers, then allowed to grow in these containers, at least until the timber of the containers has decomposed. Method for growing new trees in the formation of forest stands, in particular spruce stands, according to claim 1, characterized in that the trees are planted in containers which are pre-placed where they remain permanently. Method for growing new trees in the formation of forest stands, in particular spruce stands, according to claim 1, characterized in that after planting in the packages, the trees are placed with the package first on one and later on another site. Method for growing new trees in the formation of forest stands, in particular spruce, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the packages are of spruce wood.