RU2052241C1 - Method for vegetative reforestation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: silviculture. SUBSTANCE: after cutting of trees down to the stump and after appearance of shoots on said stumps the mother stumps are selected. Leaders are chosen from the shoots on each stump. In the period of maximum flexibility shoots are bent down and their tops secured to the ground. The shoots remaining on the stumps and dormant buds are removed. After the rooted shoots have reached the desired height their tops are severed from the mother stumps. The tops of the leaders are secured in the soil between the rows and/or in the rows of the felled trees. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to forestry and can be used, in particular, in agroforestry when renewing forest strips consisting of tree species capable of pneumatic overgrowth.

 A known method of vegetative renewal of woody plants, which consists in sprinkling the ground with the lower branches of old trees. The branches take root and young woody plants form with a new root system.

 However, this method cannot be used in field-protecting forest strips to resume the entire planting, since, firstly, in contrast to the forest, the forest strip has a denser structure, therefore the lower branches in the central rows are absent at heights up to 3-4 m from the ground, and the branches located above are directed mainly upwards and when trying to bend, they do not reach the ground and break off. At the edges of forest strips there are branches suitable for renewing woody plants in a known manner, but they are directed towards adjacent fields, therefore it is impossible to renew the forest belts on the land plots occupied by them.

 Secondly, if it is possible to implement this method for individual trees, then after the branches have taken root, the mother trees that have to be skidded from the plantation are removed and young plants break and damage when skidding, since they are located next to the mother trees and do not touch them trunks are almost impossible, all this reduces the safety of young trees in strips.

 There is also known a method of coppice renewal of plantings, which consists in removing woody plants under a stump. Further, from the sleeping buds located on the stump, a shoot begins to develop, from which the future renewed planting is formed.

 The disadvantage of this method is the fragility of the shoots, since such trees have updated aboveground and old underground (roots) parts. Old root systems are not able to function for a long time and, as a rule, die off after 40-50 years.

 A disadvantage of overgrowth stands is the affliction of their core rot and other fungal diseases from old root systems and stump cuts, which reduces the safety of the stands.

 The purpose of the invention is the increase in the durability and preservation of renewed woody plants in forest stands.

 The proposed method includes the removal of woody plants under a stump and the growth of shoots; selection of uterine stumps; a selection of leaders (from shoots on uterine stumps); bending leaders and strengthening their tops in the soil during the period of greatest flexibility of wood; removal of the remaining growth on stumps; destruction of sleeping kidney stumps; separation of the accustomed tops of the shoots from the uterine stumps after reaching their undergrowth of the design height.

 Young woody plants, created by sampling leaders on the uterine stumps and by attaching and strengthening their tops in the soil during the period of the greatest flexibility of wood, have a young root system that can supply trees with nutrients for a long time, ensuring their normal growth and development.

 These same characteristics allow young woody plants to develop well in adverse conditions since their nutrition is carried out not only due to their own young root systems, but also due to old root systems of stumps. This enhances their growth and increases safety, for example, during droughts, when the topsoil, in which young root systems are located, is not sufficiently provided with moisture, and the old root systems of stumps are much better developed and are located at great depths provided with moisture. In this case, “feeding” of young trees occurs due to the old well-developed root systems of uterine stumps. Removing the remaining stumps on the stumps and destroying the sleeping buds of the stumps allows us to direct all the nutrients of the stump root systems to the development of young trees created by strengthening the tops of the stumps in the soil. Without these operations, most of the nutrients obtained by the root systems of the stumps would be spent on the development of shoots already formed on the stumps, as well as on the formation of new shoots from sleeping buds.

 Separation of the accustomed tops of shoots from the uterine stumps when they reach the design height of the undergrowth avoids infection with core rot and other diseases affecting the shoots. These diseases first affect the stump cuts, and then are transmitted to overgrown wood. Separating young trees from stumps affected by the infection, they increase their preservation, otherwise some of the young trees will die from diseases.

 The proposed method has one essential feature: leaders strengthen the tops in the soil between the rows and / or in the rows of felled trees. On this basis, young trees can be obtained either in rows or between rows of felled trees, which depends on the planned construction of the forest belt.

 In FIG. 1 schematically depicts the placement of overgrowth strengthened in the soil in rows and row spacings during the resumption of the shelterbelts; in FIG. 2 placement of overgrowth strengthened in the soil, in the ranks of renewable forest belt.

 The method was carried out as follows.

 Conducted a clear-cut cutting of the planting shelter under the stump using chainsaws of the "Ural" and "Friendship" types. Felling was carried out at the end of winter (February-March) during the period when the trees were at that age when they were still capable of puff growth (see table). The stumps were left 25-35 cm high, because it is at these heights that the main number of sleeping kidneys is located. After felling, the trunks of felled trees were removed from the forest strip using caterpillar tractors of the DT-75 type.

 In spring, in May-June, shoots appeared on the stumps of woody plants, which in the second year after cutting trees reached a height of 1.5-3 m (see table), depending on the tree species. In the spring (in May), in the third year after felling, before performing the operations of curing and strengthening in the soil, uterine stumps were selected, i.e. those stumps from which in this case it is necessary to take shoots for engraftment (stumps with well-developed shoots of the breed that is necessary in a particular case for renewal).

 Leaders were selected among the stubble stumps on the uterine stumps (the most development of stubble stalk), they were bent and strengthened with tops in the soil (pinned) between rows and in rows (see Fig. 1) or in rows (see Fig. 2) of felled trees. After this operation was completed, the remainder of all the stumps was removed by breaking out. The next year, in June-July, the tops of piglets strengthened in the soil formed the root system from sleeping buds located in the ground, and young trunks of future woody plants formed from sleeping buds located above the ground. After that, sleeping stumps were destroyed on stumps using 2,4D group herbicides by spraying stumps from knapsack sprayers (the destruction of sleeping buds can also be done by sanding stumps, leaving sections of the bark under the reinforced shoots in the soil).

 The removal of uncrowded shoots from the stumps and the destruction of the remaining sleeping buds were carried out so that the well-developed root systems of the stumps of felled trees could supply only buried shoots with nutrients, thereby enhancing their development and increasing preservation under adverse conditions (dry years).

 If necessary, changes in the saturation of the forest belt by the species of woody plants that were in the forest belt in smaller quantities used several shoots from each stump of such a breed, while the shoots of those species, the percentage of which must be reduced or excluded from the planting scheme in general, are removed from the stumps, and sleeping the kidneys of these stumps are destroyed.

 When the undergrowth reached the tops of the shoots of the design height, they were separated from the stumps. At the same time, the saw cut was made as close as possible to the stem of young trees (undergrowth). The design height was taken to be the height at which young trees reached a height of 1.5-2 m, which occurs 2-3 years after digging. At this age, trees have a relatively well-developed root system and their death under conditions of insufficient moisture is unlikely, therefore, the need for additional nutrition from the root systems of stumps disappears. It is undesirable to delay the separation of stumps from young trees for more than a specified period, since otherwise they can become infected with diseases if they fall into the uterine stumps.

 The use of the invention in agroforestry will increase the durability of vegetatively renewed woody plants due to the fact that young trees possess not only a young aerial part, but also a young root system; to increase the safety of planting by reducing the likelihood of tree diseases by diseases, as well as by supplying young trees with nutrients from the old root systems in possible adverse years (droughts); change the percentage of rocks in the stand without additional costs of planting material.

Claims (2)

 1. A METHOD OF VEGETATIVE RESTORATION OF FOREST PLANTATIONS, including removal of woody plants under a stump and subsequent growth of a shoot, characterized in that after the appearance of lignified shoots on the stumps, uterine stumps are selected, and leaders are selected from the shoots of each uterine stump and bent and bent they are strengthened with tops in the soil, and the shoots remaining on the stumps are removed, the sleeping buds of the stumps are destroyed, and the accustomed tops of the shoots are separated from the uterine stumps when they are reached by the undergrowth height.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the leaders strengthen the tops in the soil between the rows and / or in the rows of felled trees.

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