CZ238890A3 - Yarn from core-skin filaments and process for producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Yarn made from core-skin threads and possibly other single-component threads, in which the core and the skin of the core-skin threads are manufactured by extruding spinnable polymers, and at least approximately all core-skin threads have a complete skin, characterized in that the fraction of core-skin threads, A in %, of all core-skin threads in the yarn in which the fraction of skin in each core-skin thread is equal to (M +/- 0.1 M) % of the total volume of the corresponding core-skin thread, simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: A </= 100; M >/= 0.5; A >/= 30 + (0.1 M)<8>. In a process for manufacturing this yarn, the core component is fed through a first spinning nozzle plate to a second spinning nozzle plate in several individual streams. The skin component is fed between the first and second spinning nozzles plates to each individual core-component stream, around which it flows. Both components are spun together, drawn and wound off. The skin component is subjected to a flow resistance at least around the region of the individual streams of the core component. A knitted wire mesh is a particularly suitable flow resistance.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coated fiber yarn whose core and coating are formed by spinning and to a process for its production.

Coated yarns are known. For example, European Patent Specification No. 11,954 describes the need for special fiberising devices to prevent so-called homogeneous fibers from occurring even in the case of a small proportion of the packaging material. Although the formation of homogeneous fibers can be avoided by the known devices, it is not possible to prevent fibers which contain a very fluctuating proportion of the wrapping material from being present in the yarn obtained, so that there are also sections completely free of wrapping material and moreover the same fiber.

Experiments have shown that when using a spinning device according to the European Patent Pa. I. 11,954, using a 85: 15 ratio of core material and packaging material (as described in the example), it contains at most 15% but usually less fibers in the yarn. packaging material ratio of 15%, even taking into account variations of + 10%. The remaining fibers in the obtained yarn have a greater (up to 30% by volume) or a lower (up to 5% by volume) wrapping material.

Also, the known process does not make it possible to obtain single homogeneous fibers or a plurality of them. The formation of homogeneous vacuum is completely random and it is also not possible to ensure that the fiber * which appears on the cross-section of the yarn without the wrapping material * remains also in the yarn direction without this material. More often, the homogeneous fiber changes in the direction of the yarn to a fiber containing the wrapping material and vice versa.

The strong variation in the proportion of packaging material causes each of the fibers in the yarn to have different properties. This means that the fibers during the yarn have strongly varying properties, which # is undesirable.

In principle, the yarns of the coated fibers should have the desired properties of the core material, i.e. strength, shrinkage, ductility, birefringence, and the wrapping material should improve the other properties of the yarn, such as adhesion to other materials, dyeability or chemical stability. In the known processes, an average of at least 20% by volume of the wrapping material is required to maintain the above-mentioned variation in the thickness of the wrapper within acceptable limits and to maintain uniformity of the desired material properties relative to the overall fiber cross-section.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a new, higher-quality yarn of coated fibers, optionally containing homogeneous fibers, by spinning the spinnable polymers by ensuring a uniform coating of all the coated fibers. The yarns should allow better utilization of the properties of the core material without impairing the properties of the wrapping material.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of these yarns whilst ensuring a better uniformity of the yarn with a pre-selectable proportion of homogeneous fibers and coated fibers (bicomponent fibers). The proportion of packaging material in coated fibers should give the desired result also at a proportion of less than 20% ·

This object is solved by the invention so that for all fibers coated in the yarn, the proportion of these fibers A in% at the proportion of the packaging material (11 + 0.1 11) in the total volume of these fibers is such that it satisfies the following conditions:

A - 100

M - 0.5

A - 30 ♦ (0.1 L) ⁸ .

The expression 11 + 0.1 li means that for the determination of A all the coated fibers containing M% by volume of the wrapping material, based on the total volume of the coated fiber, are taken into account, taking into account the proportion 11 of the wrapping material taking into account fluctuation 3 10% · Since the above conditions must be met at the same time, it is clear that 11 can only have values where A is at most 100%.

The yarn according to the invention, in which the yarn according to the invention has excellent properties

A - 40 ♦ 7 (0.1 JI) ⁸ , preferably

A - 50 + 100 (0.1M) ⁸ .

Depending on the purpose of the application, yarns in which at least 60% of the coated fibers are present, preferably a wrapping material content of + 0.1 M% by volume, where M - 9% by volume, or yarns in which at least 70% of coated fibers are material share of this material

II + 0.1 II, 1% by volume - M - 7% by volume, or yarn in which at least 75% of the fibers covered by the packaging material contain a proportion of that material

M ♦ 0.1 M, with 3% by weight - M - 6% by weight.

It is surprising that yarns of this type have substantially improved specific properties. For example, the specific strength (cN / dtex) of these new yarns is substantially higher than that of known coated yarns and also higher than for homogeneous fibers made of core material.

The fibers forming the yarn according to the invention can have virtually any cross-section. For example, fibers with a circular cross-section are suitable for the tire cord, while fibers with a trilobal cross-section are particularly suitable for underlining the light effect of carpet yarns.

Certain yarn properties, such as adherence, are particularly expressed for fibers with trilobal cross-section.

Among the combination of polymers, the following polymers have proven to be particularly suitable for forming the coating:

core cover

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polyamide 46 (Fri 46)

High viscosity polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN)

Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN)

Furthermore, the core and shell material will:

Polyamide 66 (PA 66.1

Mixture of polyamide 66 (PA 66) and poles (m-xylylenadipamide)

Polyamide 66 (PA 66)

Low viscosity polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinylendifluoride (PVDF) Polyamide 66 (PA 66)

Polyamide 46 (PA 46) disclosed other preferred combinations

Core Packaging Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyamide 66 (PA 66) with higher viscosity Polyethersulfone (PES) Polyamide 66 (PA 66) with lower viscosity Polyamide 6 (PA 6) with higher viscosity Polyamide 6 (PA 6) with lower viscosity Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Pollytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyimide Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polypropylene (PP) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) A mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE $) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyamide 6 (PA 6) Polyamide 6 (PA 6) Mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly (m-xylylene adipamide) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinylendifluoride (PVDF)

The yarn according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of fields.

Sewing threads of suitable core polymers (PET,

PA 66, PA 6) can be coated with high temperature stable polymers and are therefore suitable for use at high sewing speeds. In the case of ropes and netting, a yarn of material with high chemical stability, ultraviolet light resistance or higher temperature resistance can be used to form the sheath.

In the case of yarns used to reinforce elastomeric products, for example in the case of a tire cord used to reinforce tires, drive belts or conveyors, a better adhesion between the core and the elastomer can be achieved by choosing a wrapping material. This also applies to plastics reinforced with fibrous materials.

In the case of carpet yarns, the coloring of the fibers can be improved by choosing the wrapping material, even if the core material is well-absorbent materials to reduce antistatic properties, the color of which is often dark and difficult to overlap with other colors. By selecting various strong shrinkable materials, it is also possible to provide a strong curl of fibers under the effect of heat in the manufacture of carpets from such yarns. By selecting special materials for forming the inner and outer layers of the yarn, it is possible to obtain yarns that are low in flammability, low in soiling, and the like, thereby further improving the properties of the carpets and fabrics made of these yarns. In the same way, it is also possible to prevent easy molding or rotting of these materials.

By using a hydrophobic coating material, it is also possible to substantially reduce the water uptake of fibers. This feature is particularly desirable when using the yarn of the present invention in the textile industry. It is also possible to spin the material for a wrapper with an admixture of colored pigment, thereby obtaining an already dyed fiber.

When using the yarns according to the invention for the production of nonwoven fabrics, the chemical stability of, for example, materials intended for the manufacture of filters can be improved by suitable polymer selection. It is also possible to achieve ion exchange properties or incombustibility of the resulting materials.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the aforementioned type of yarn, in which the core material is fed in known manner (according to EP 11 954) through a first spinneret plate in a plurality of individual streams to a second spinneret plate. The nozzle is fed to each individual core material stream with a coating material, the two components being spun together, drawn and wound, and at least in the region of the individual core material streams, the delivered material is subjected to flow resistance.

The process according to the invention can be carried out as a single-stage (without winding between stages) or as a multi-stage (with winding between stages)

In particular, a mesh with an aperture having a separate aperture for each individual material flow may be used as the flow resistance element of the packaging material.

In a preferred embodiment, the mesh screen fills the entire space between the first and second spinneret plates, with the exception of openings for individual spokes of the material. Other resistive elements, such as porous plates, may also be used. When using a meshed mesh, however, even with large dimensions of the spinneret plates, the same distance between the two plates can be maintained, since the mesh with the meshes also acts as a spacer plate.

Thus, it is possible in a simple manner to obtain fibers with a core and a wrapping material having a different proportion of wrapping material from fiber to fiber. For this purpose, different resistors are selected for the individual streams of packaging material. If such a resistance is chosen that the flow of the wrapping material around any of the core material streams is completely interrupted, a homogeneous fiber can also be obtained in a simple manner.

Mesh nets are preferably bonded with nets that are commonly marketed under the designation R.V.S.

X mesh, the X value being in the range of 30-500. means that the silos are made of stainless steel, the X mesh designation means the mesh comprises x wires per inch in both directions of the mesh, the wires intertwined together and having a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 0.02 mm.

The flow resistance can also be determined by the permeability of the element which is used as the resistance.

- 11 where

Y v

Peroaeability K is defined by the relation

IN

Ks-1, dp / 3x is the viscosity of the material used in Pa.s, the speed of the material used when passing through the resistive element in m / s, is the pressure gradient in N / m 2 downstream.

In this way, the permeability value in m ·

The permeability K of the resistive element used is preferably in the range of 10 &apos; ¹¹ to 3.10 m &^lt; ^{2 &gt};.

It is surprising that the process of the invention can be used both in the spinning of molten material and in the spinning of a solution, and both processes can be combined. For example, both components may be melt-spun or solution-spun, but it is also possible to obtain a core component, for example, by melt-spun material and a solution-spun-shell. Solution spinning means that the solution consists of a polymer dissolved in a solvent, while the latter uses a molten polymer.

If only one opening is provided in the first second spinneret plate at a time, a single bicomponent fiber can be obtained by the method according to the invention, the coating of which has a very uniform thickness over the entire periphery of the fiber and its entire length.

The invention will be further elucidated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the result of the process of the present invention as compared to the result obtained using known methods.

FIG. 2 shows schematically how the yarn production method according to the invention can be practiced.

Figure 3 schematically illustrates the structure of a spinnerette previously used.

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a nozzle for carrying out the method of the invention.

Figures 5 and 6 show the nozzle construction of Figure 4 in more detail.

FIG. 7 shows a partial cross-section of a known type of yarn.

FIG. 8 shows a partial cross-section of a novel type of yarn according to the invention.

It is clear from FIG. 1 which yarn region is obtained by the process according to the invention. FIG

13 is a diagram showing the percentages of packaging material on the axis of the segments and the percentages of the ordinate line A in percentages for the bicomponent fibers in the M + 0.1 Μ »ratio. desktop diagram. Thus, yarns from fibers with a coating content of 25% and wolf can be spun, whereas the yarn according to the invention allows the use of less than 10% of the wrapping material, even only 5% of the wrapping material. Thus, it is obvious that yarn 8 can be obtained by a more even distribution of the packaging material in a novel way. Curve A corresponds to the conditions to be set forth in the main point of the invention definition, curve B corresponds to the preferred embodiment according to point 2 of the definition; point 3 of the definition of the object of the invention ·

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a basic embodiment of the method according to the invention. A device 1 for supplying material to the spinnerets 2 is shown which is connected to the device 1 by means of a flange, this section will be described in more detail in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. The device 1 comprises conventional feeds for molten or dissolved materials which are not shown. After spinning the bicomponent fibers or the homogeneous fibers 8, the fibers pass through a cooling chamber 7, into which cooling air 9 is guided. units 3, 4 and

Finally, the drawn fibers are wound up as a finished yarn onto the bobbin 6.

FIG. 3 shows a section of a spinning nozzle according to the prior art. The first plate 10 and the second plate 11 are shown, the core stream being passed through the spinnerets 12 through the first plate 10 to the second plate 11 and opening into the cup 13. The flow of wrapping material flows through the space between the first plate 10 and the second plate 11. of a core that comes out of the spin

- ·?

In this way, a sheath component is fed to each individual core material stream and then the two components common to the cup 13 flow into the opening 14 where they are extruded. In the region in which the material material flows around the core material, elevations 15 are formed on the second plate 11.

Fig. 4 schematically illustrates the structure of a spinneret for use in carrying out the method of the invention. The first plate 20 and the second plate 21 are shown in a spinning manner. The core material is fed through the orifice 26 to the nozzle duct 22 which continues into the nozzle duct.

of the second plate 21 as a channel 23. The wrapping component is evenly distributed between the first plate 20 and the second plate 21 by the annular channels 28, the interspace between the first plate 20 and the second plate 21 being filled with metal wire mesh 27 so that the channels 22 and 23 remain. loosely. The packaging component is

15 thus leads to the core composition through the annular channel 28 through the mesh 27. The mesh 27 thus creates a flow resistance of the wrapping material. The two components are then fed together into the nozzle 24.

5 and 6 show one embodiment of a spinnerette for carrying out the method of the invention, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section and FIG. 6 is a cross-section. Channel 32 feeds the core component to the first plate 20, while channel 33 feeds the packaging component (continued as shown in broken line as channel 33 then extends beyond the plane of the drawing) and then continuing 34 through the first plate 20 to the annular channels between the first plate 20 and the second. A mesh 27 is disposed between the first plate 20 and the second plate 21, which also maintains a constant distance between the first plate 20 and the second plate 21. Also shown in the drawing are the centering pins 31 of the gasket 30 and the liner 35 to prevent leakage of the packaging component. between the plate 29 through which the channels pass and the first plate 20.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a yarn of known type; the wrapper 37 appears to vary in thickness, as is the core 36.

The same changes can be observed in the length of the individual fibers.

Fig. 8 shows a partial straight section of the yarn according to the invention. The uniformity of distribution of the cores 38 and shells 39 is evident.

- 16 Example 1 to 9

Examples 1 to 9 show the variation width in which the yarn according to the invention can be produced.

In Examples 1 to 3, a polyester with a viscosity typical of textile yarn (1 g of polymer in 100 g of m-cresol measured at 25 ° C) was selected as core material; in Examples 4 to 6 a low viscosity polyester suitable for technical yarns and, in Examples 7 to 9, a high viscosity polyester, for example applicable to a tire cord or to a Sici yarn. In all cases, polyamide 66 (PA66) was used as the packaging material.

In each example, the feed rate of the core and the sheath was varied. R.V.S. mesh was used as a resistance element. 60 mesh, which will be described in more detail in Examples 10-15. The spinneret of FIGS. 4-6 was used.

The bicomponent fibers were produced as shown in FIG. 2. The processing conditions are shown in Table 1 below. Further, Table 1 shows how many percent A of the bicomponent fibers contained M volume percent of wrapping material based on the total fiber volume. Percentage A is the mean of ten cross-sectional measurements at different locations in the same yarn.

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The value A expresses the uniformity with which the yarn according to the invention can be produced and at the same time it can be produced with a very uniform diameter of the individual bicomponent fibers. This diameter D is usually in the range D + 0.1 D.

Examples 10 to 15

Various pleumatic cords were made and their properties determined by the method of Examples 10-15.

Polyester 66 was selected as the core polymer in this case with a relative viscosity of 2.04. Polyamide 66 (PA66) was used as the packaging material in Examples 10 and 11 and a blend of polyamide 66 and 0.3% poly (m- xylylene adipamide), which is designated as an additive in the following table. Said mixture adheres very well to the polyester and also to the elastomeric materials, especially rubber.

Each core / wrapping combination was wound without stretching in one case at a speed of 900 m / min and in the other case at 500 m / min, otherwise the method of Fig. 2 was used. 60 meah. This mesh was made

- 20 stainless steel wires. In both the longitudinal and transverse directions, the mesh always contained 60 wires per inch of length. The mesh, commercially available, was made of steel wires with a diameter of 0.16 mm.

The spinneret of Figures 4 to 6 was used to produce the materials.

In examples 14 and 15 the

directly below the 0.4 m length of the heating tube nozzle to achieve slow cooling of the material.

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Table 2- continued

The obtained yarns were finally drawn on a drawing machine. In this procedure, the yarn was fed from the take-up reel to the first trio and then through a septet to the second trio and then through a 10 m long steaming path in which the yarn was steam treated at 250 ° C to the third trio and not wound while maintaining speed while drawing. The septet was maintained at 75 ° C.

The drawing ratios for the yarns of Examples 10-15 and the respective speeds are shown in Table 3.

Septet draw ratio means the ratio in which the yarn is elongated as it passes through the septet. The overall draw ratio is apparent from the speed difference between the first and third trios.

Table 3

example 10 11 12 13 14 15 Dec draw ratio in septet 2.48 3.30 2.51 3.10 3.21 3.70 total draw ratio 3.80 5.45 3.80 5.10 5.15 6.50 drawing speed (m / min) 138 185 138 144 185 184

- 24 The properties of the yarn produced as described are summarized in the following Table 4 in the yarn paragraph. ”LASE 1% (N) means yarn strength in N at a predetermined elongation of 1% (load at specific elongation). 2% and LASE 5% ·

The HAS 4 7160 ° C (hot air condensation at 160 ° C for 4 minutes) indicates the yarn shrinkage by hot air when the yarn is exposed to a temperature of 160 ° C for a minute with a mN / tex load.

The obtained yarns were also processed to a tire cord of 1100 (Z 472) x 2 (S. 472) construction. The cord properties of this construction are also summarized in Table 4 below as cord.

The cord thus obtained was conventionally coated with an adhesive layer. For this purpose, the cord was passed through an oven at 150 ° C under a 5N bath for 120 seconds and then through an oven at 240 ° C under a 5N voltage for 45 seconds. The bath contained the following ingredients:

demineralized water, sodium hydroxide, resorcinol, formaldehyde,

VP-latex, ammonia.

The properties of a cord prepared in this manner are also summarized in Table 4 below in the dipped cord section.

The A and M values were identical for both the yarn, the cord and the dipped cord. For this reason, the values given in Table 4 below were given only in the yarn paragraph.

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Claims (17)

tfrTZfJTM A yarn of fibers consisting of a core and a coating, wherein the core and the coating are formed by spinning of spinnable polymers and at least almost all bicomponent fibers are fully coated, characterized in that all fibers coated in the yarn have a proportion of these fibers A in percent by the proportion of packaging material (M + 0,1 II) in the total volume of such fibers that it satisfies the following conditions: A * 100 M - 0.5 A - 30 + (0.1 l) ⁸ . 2. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: A * 40 + 7 (0.1M) ⁸ . 3. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that: A - 50 + 100 (0.1 l) ⁸ . 4. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 60% of the fibers coated with a content * are the proportion of packaging material (II + 0.1 M), where M - 9% by volume. 5. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 70% of the coated fibers comprise a proportion of wrapping material (M + 0.1 U), wherein 1% by volume - M - 7% by volume. 6. Yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 75% of the coated fibers comprise a proportion of wrapping material (M + 0.1 M), wherein 3% by volume - 6% by volume. Yarn according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the case of bicomponent fibers, the core is made of polyethylene terephthalate and the polyamide 66 sheath. 8. Yarn according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the case of bicomponent fibers, the core is made of polyethylene terephthalate and a sheath of a mixture of polyamide 66 and poly (m-eylenadipamide) polyamide 46. 9. Yarn according to items 1 to 6, characterized in the case of bicomponent fibers, the core is made of and the casing is also made of polyamide 66. 10. Yarn according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the case of bicomponent fibers, the core is made of high-viscosity polyethylene terephthalate and low-viscosity polyethylene terephthalate sheath. Yarn according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in the case of bicomponent fibers, the core is made of polyethylene terephthalate and the sheath is a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinylendifluoride. 12. The yarn production method of items 1-11, wherein the core material feeds a plurality of individual streams through a first spinneret plate to a second spinneret plate, wherein between each of the first and second plates, core material is fed to the wrapper material. The two components are co-spun, drawn and coiled, characterized in that at least in the region of the individual streams of the core material, the delivered packaging material is exposed to flow resistance. 13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that a mesh is used as a resistance to the packaging material, which comprises a separate opening for each individual stream. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a current resistance at a permeability in the range of 10 ¹¹ to 3 x 10 ¹⁰ m ^{2 is selected} . 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the mesh comprises 30 to 500 wires per inch. 31 Method according to Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that such a high resistance is selected for the production of homogeneous substances, the flow of the wrapping material to the individual streams of the core material being stopped. 17. The method of claims 12 and 16, wherein the casing and / or core material is spun in a molten state. 18. The method according to claims 12 to 16, wherein the coating material and / or the core material is removed from solution in a solvent. 19. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 18 for producing single bicomponent fibers, characterized in that the first and second spinneret plates are provided, each having only one opening. Represented by: