CZ229292A3 - agent for treating seeds - Google Patents

Description

The invention also relates to a process for increasing plant growth and yields using micronized thiamine (vitamin 31, aneurine) in the form of salts (A), processed into a seed treatment composition alone or in admixture with a non-bactericidal fungicide (3). preferably of the thiuram and phthalide type, for example to synergize the fungicidal action of the fungicide.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The stimulatory effect of thiamine on plant growth has been known for a long time and has been discussed in the literature, especially considering whether externally applied thiamine has any significance for crop plants, considering that the leaves of healthy plants synthesize thiamine themselves . A young plant may suffer from avitaminosis if its leaves do not develop enough vitamin B1 or if the surrounding conditions are unfavorable. Experimental results often contradict each other: effects on plant growth and yield cannot be repeated, and these effects are controversial

The observed, often unrepeatable effects can be attributed to three main factors:

1. The use of certain salts of thiamine may be unsuitable for plants and soil microbes in the phosphorus.

Numerous assays have been performed with various salts of thiamine: mononitrate, sulfate, hydrochloride, bromide, and even precursors of thiamine system, such as thiothiamine. Rarely consistent and repeatable results were obtained.

2. The use of coarse, crystalline thiamine or commercially available salts does not produce a dense and homogeneous seed coating.

Commercially available thiamine salts generally contain large crystals which are not suitable for homogeneous seed coating at the necessary low dose. However, such a homogeneous coating is necessary to obtain reproducible results according to the invention. The actual amount deposited on the seeds is highly statistical and can vary from zero to ultra-high doses, and large crystals are less willing to adhere to the seeds in the soil environment.

3 »Experimental conditions and evaluation do not consider environment conditions sufficiently.

Environmental conditions under which the application of thiamine consistently produces plant growth and increases yields. in conjunction with the conditions under which the fungicide treatment exerts maximum effect on the plants. These conditions mean; cold and humid climate, poor nutritional status of plants, poor seed and soil quality, as is the case all over the world, are not ideal for emergence and early plant growth. Under such conditions, the novel compositions act additively and even synergistically with the fungicides to treat the seeds and promote the action of the fungicides.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that ground and micronized thiamine salts, processed into a suitable seed dressing dosage form, as set forth in Table I below, and seeded as pickling agents, stimulate and improve germination, emergence and early growth of plants, roots and the development of biomass and increase the yield of annual crops, in particular cereals, legumes, oilseeds, cotton, tomatoes and sugar beet and horticultural crops such as lettuce and tomatoes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention provides a seed treatment composition comprising a vitamin B1 salt (A) in micronized form and optionally a non-bactericidal fungicide (B).

The optional mixture exhibits synergism with any commercially available fungicide to treat seeds against pathogenic fungi, preferably the phthalimide type, such as captan (N-trichloromethylthiotetrahydrophthalimide) and the alaninate and metalaxyl type, such as metalaxyl (DL-N- (2,6-dimethylphenyl)) -N- (2-methoxyacetyl (alanine methyl ester)), thiuramsulfide and thiocarbamoyl type, such as

3-thirem (tetramethylthiursdisulfide) of the benzimidazole type, such as benomyl (methyl-1- (butylcarbamoyl) -2-benzimidazolambamate) or thiobendazole (2- (4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole), is not harmful to other microbes. in rhizcspheres of plants such as bacteria.

The invention is based on the fact that the application of a seed treatment agent containing a salt or salts of thiamine in micronized form and optionally containing commercially available fungicides or fungicides of the above types increases the action of the fungicidal agent on pathogenic fungi in soil or seeds. treated with such centers exhibits greater germination in the rate of introduction and, in the final state, faster roots and shoots, greater root and shoot biomass and higher yields (seeds, grains, biomass) compared to the case when only a fungicide is used for treatment. The new seed treatment composition contains the thiamine salt itself, already exerting an effect on the plant, which results in increased germination and emergence, root and shoot biomass, root and shoot development, and overall yield. Thus, this result is achieved with component A alone, unless the soil is strongly attacked by fungi and with component A mixed with component B, if there are pathogenic fungi in the soil.

Taking into account the large number of crop plants that are regularly treated with fungicides, the advantages of applying the composition of the invention to the seeds are as follows:

1. In order to obtain an inherent fungicidal action as with the fungicide itself, the amount of fungicide in the seed treatment composition can be reduced, which is favorable to the environment and to the cost of production.

2. Treatment of the seeds with the novel composition of the invention results in increased production under non-ideal growth conditions. This applies to cases where early sowing is necessary, such as grain and cotton.

3. The germination characteristics of sensitive seeds or poor quality seeds improve and result in higher emergence with a strong harvest impact for higher emergence-yield relationship.

Table I

Typical composition of the seed treatment component Thiaminmononitrile ¹ (micronized *) surfactant (e.g.)

Amount% weight nstriumalkylnaítalen dispersant / ligninsulfonate e.g. dye / example iron oxide / adhesion enhancer / as polyethylene glycol 8000 / milling agent / hydratovsný e.g. silica filler / kaolinková example clay th>, P B-24 ^< '/ 28

1 / typical thiamine salt. 10% to 90%

2 / the term micronized is explained in Table II

Table II

The particle size of the seed treatment agent of commercial thiamine compositions

Micronized Commercial Product Agent Product%

mean particle size mean surface

The term micronized herein refers to a mean particle size of less than or equal to 50 µm, in particular equal to or less than 50 µm

such sizes can be obtained by treating the salt with suitable means, such as pin type mills or spray drying.

The micronized seed treatment agent is applied as follows:

The conditioning agent is applied to the seeds as a rule before sowing, at a concentration of usually 0.001 to 10 g / kg, preferably up to 4 g / kg of seeds. The seeds may be pickled by preparing them

The chinchilla suspension and the seeds are processed in a manner known per se in the suspension seed treatment machine until a homogeneous coating is formed on the seeds. The conditioning agent can also be applied to the seeds as a powder together with an adhesion promoter, or the seeds can be impregnated or treated in a fluidized bed. The combination of the composition of the invention with commercially available non-bactericidal fungicidal agents against pathogenic fungi, preferably eaptane, metaxyl, thiram or thiobendazole can be carried out by mixing the fungicide and the seed treatment to form a homogeneous product which is then applied to the seeds. The optional concentration of the fun gicide is governed by local practice and may be about 1 to 10 g / kg seeds, preferably 2 to 4 / g / kg seeds. It is also possible to apply the fungicide before or after the application of the composition according to the invention.

The treated seeds are then used according to agricultural or horticultural practice. Commonly used salts of vitamin 31 are nitrate, sulphates, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate and preferably mononitrate.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

Influence? seed treatment agents alone and in admixture with eaptane, the emergence of dry beans, Phaseolous vulgaris, in Italy.

Field tests are carried out with: dry beans Phaseolous vulgaris., Var. Montebianco in · Winter 11a in Italy on standard plots / size 10 m ² /; the test is performed four times with four doses of conditioning agent (A), mononitrate, with or without concomitant fungicide treatment. Captan is applied according to the locally recommended amount (i.e. 4 g / kg seed) prior to seed treatment with the seed treatment agent. The seed treatment composition is applied by preparation

- 6 product suspensions with a few drops of milk and seeds are then pickled in a commercial seed pickling plant. The soil and climate characteristics are given in Table III. The task of the test is to show the effect of seed treatment on their emergence. The results are shown in the table IT ^:

Table III

Soil climatic characteristics

sand /% / 82.0 alluvial soil /% / 12.0 clay- /% / -6.9 organic substances /% / pE / water / 7.5 Wind conditions:

average temperature (° O), early growth during germination

18.9

19.1 total rainfall / mm / at germination: 14 + 40 / watering / early growth: 90 germination means 1 to 15 djan, early growth 16 to 30 days after sowing

IT Table

The emergence of Zimella beans, Italy, when treated with the composition of Table I alone and together with the captan fungicide (2 seedlings per bl)

Concentration of fastener (A) for seeds (g / kg seeds)

0,0 0,3 1,0 3,0 treated with fungicide - A + B 59 without fungicide, component B missing 14

77 64

15 10

It can be seen from the table that treatment with fungicide alone increases the emergence by 320 treatment with the crosslinker increases (at a dose of 0.3 g / kg) the emergence by 107%. Combination of preservative and fungicide increases emergence by 450%,

- Ί Example 2

Influence of seed treatment together with captured on bean yield, Phssoeolous vulgaris in Italy

In the field test, Fhsseolous vulgaris beans, var Montebianco in Mompiano, Italy, are sown at standard locks / sizes. 10 //; The test was carried out 4 times with 4 doses of seed fastener (A) with and without the use of a fungicide. Csptan is applied at the regionally recommended dose (see Example 1) prior to seed treatment with oro seed treatment. The conditioning agent is applied to the seeds by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of milk and the seeds are pickled in a seed processing commercial equipment. The soil and climate characteristics are given in Table V. The purpose of this test is to:. to show the effect of conditioning agents on the yield of beans. The results obtained are shown in Table VT.

Table V

Skoclimatic characteristics of the test

sand /% / 54.0 alluvial soil /% / 20.0 clay /% / 26.0 organic substances /% / 2.9 pH / water / 7.6 Wind conditions: average temperature / 0 / germination 1 8 * 6 early growth 19.5 development 22.3 -flowers 23.7 creating a pod 22.6 maturity 23.6 total rainfall / mm / germination 12 + 40 / topping / early growth ¹ 92 development 11 flowering 38. tearing the pod 2 maturity. 40 kThis is a mini 1 to 15 days, early growth 16 to 30 days

- 8 growths (i.e., growth) 31 to 40 days, flowering 41 by pod forming 56 to 75 days, maturity 76 to 99 to 55 days, week after sowing.

Table VZ

Yield of beans (dry) in Mompiano, Italy by treatment with the product of Table I with the fungicide captan (kg / ha) under treatment with sesame

Concentration of conditioning agent

for seeds / g / kg seeds / ...  0 θ, 3 1,0 3,0 treated with fungicide 735 S54 843 1010 without fungicide. 705 915 908 693 From the table it's obvious that treatment with fungicide alone yield 4% / documented significant effect of treatment combinations /, o

seed treatment with the conditioning agent increases the yield (at a dose of 3 g / kg) by 30% with the treatment according to the invention and the fun gicide (at a dose of 3.0 g / kg) increases the yield of beans by 43

Example 3

Effect of seed treatment mixture with Benomyl on the emergence of beans, Phaseolous vulgaris, in Switzerland

Field tests are carried out with green beans, phaseolous: vulgaris, var. Clyde, in Dielsdorf, Switzerland, on plots (size 9 m), the test is carried out 6 times with two doses of conditioning agent (A) with and without the use of a fungicide. Benomyl is used in admixture with a conditioning agent according to a locally recommended amount (see Example 1). The seed treatment composition is applied by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of water and the seeds are pickled in an experimental seed dressing equipment. The soil and climate characteristics of the test are given in the table. The task of the test is to demonstrate the effect of seed treatment on the emergence of beans. The results are shown in the table. VZZZ.

sand /% / float soil /% / clay / $ / organic matter /% / pM / water / tests

19.0

35.0

46.0

5.1

7.6

Weather conditions: average temperature / ° C / germination key early growth. evolution germination early growth evolution

68.

total rainfall / mm / germination 1 to 15 days, early growth 11 to 30 days, development 31 to 60 days after sowing

Table VIIX

The appearance of beans in? Dielsdorf / Switzerland in seed treatment with the treatment composition of Table I alone and mixed with henomyl>

emergence / plant / 4.5 m / control 115 seeds treated with formulation 124 alone with Benomyl 118 alone mixture of Benomyl and conditioning agent 132

The emergence is 10 days after sowing

The table shows that when treated with fungicide alone, the emergence increased by 3%, when treated with the treatment agent (2 g / kg) by 8% and when treated with the treatment agent and fungicide by 15% ·

Example 4

Effect of seed treatment with apron on Pisum sativum bean yield in the United Kingdom

Field tests are carried out with oisum sativum, vsr. Puget.

pv Gloucestershire. on land / area 58 m ^- /; the tests are repeated 5 times with one control, and with one fungicide used at a locally recommended dose (3 g / kg), with one seed treatment with a crosslinker (A) at a dose of 2 g / kg and with one treatment with a mixture of fungicide and seed treatment . The apron fungicide used in this assay contains metalaxyl, thiabendazole and thiram (approximately 20.5%, 10.6%, and 8.8% respectively). The seed treatment composition is applied by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of water and the seeds are pickled in a commercial pickling equipment. The soil and climatic conditions of the test are given in Table IX. the purpose of this test is to demonstrate the effect of seed treatment agent with dry fruit yield. The results obtained are shown in Table X.

Table XX

Leap-test characteristics Soil characteristics:

sand /% / 20.0 alluvial soil /% / 56.0 clay /% / 24.0 organic substances /% / 5.0 pa / water / 7.4 Wind conditions: medium temperature / ° C / germination 10.7 early growth 12.7 development 15.9 flowering 17.0 vvtváření • J pod 21, 2 total rainfall / mm / germination 9 early growth 30 development 48 flowering 28 creating pod 0

Germination is meant 1-15 days, early growth 16-40 days, development 41-65 days, flowering 66-80 days, and pod formation up to 90 days after planting.

Table X

Yield of dry fruits Vining peas in Gloucester / shire / United Kingdom for seed treatment with the seed treatment according to Table I alone, for fungicide treatment and for treatment with fungicide apron / kg / ha /

Control 760 seed treated with composition 903 alone with fungicide 842 with a mixture of fungicide and conditioning agent 944 synergism is not particularly pronounced for seeds in this particular case for long periods of drought

It can be seen from the table that treatment with fungicide alone increases the yield by 11%, treatment with seed treatment (at a dose of 2.0 / g / kg) by 19% and the combination of seed treatment and fungicide by 25%.

Example 5

Effect of seed treatment in blend with apron on green beans yield of Phaseolous vulgaris in the United Kingdom

Field tests with green beans, phaseolous vulgaris, var. Nerina in Norfolk on land / size p

116 m /; The test is repeated 5 times, 1 control, 1 fungicide treatment at local (3g / kg) amount, 1 treatment seed treatment (A) at a dose of 2g / kg, and 1 treatment with fungicide / treatment mixture. The apron fungicide (see Example 4) used in the assay comprises metalaxyl, thiabendazole and thiram. It is applied before seed treatment with seed treatment. The seed treatment composition is applied by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of water and the seeds are pickled in a commercial seed dressing unit. Soil and climatic characteristics are given in Table XI. The purpose of this composition was to obtain the yield in Table XII.

the test is to demonstrate the effect of green bean conditioning. The results are shown in Table XI

Boclimatic characteristics of the test Soil characteristics sand /% / 71, 0 alluvial soil /% / 19.0 clay / V 10.0 organic substances /% / 1.4 pH / water / 6.8 Wind conditions: average temperature / ° C / germination 16.5 early growth 16.2 development 17.9 flowering 17.1 creating a pod 18.3 total rainfall / mm / germination 14: early growth 60 development 0 + 30 / thread; flowering 27 Mar: creating a pod 14 germination means 1 to 15 early growth 16 to 30 days

flowering 31 to 45 days, flowering 46 to 60 days, forming a pod 61 to 70 days after planting

Table XII

Green Bean Dry Extraction in Nóffolk / United Kingdom for seed treatment with the preservative according to Table I. alone, with fungicide treatment and treatment with fungicide apron / kg / ha / control 4762 seeds treated with 5899 alone with fungicide 4925 with fungicide / conditioning mixture seed preparation 5681

With the table, the yield of 3% or 2.0 g / kg / o of 23 fungicide by 18% shows that the fungicide treatment alone increased the treatment with the seed treatment / dose% and the combination / seed treatment and / see also comment in Example 4).

Example 6

Effect of seed treatment mixture in mixture., With thirsm n with yield of green beans Phaseolous vulgaris in Germany

Field tests are carried out with green phaseolous beans. vulgaris, var. Goldfisch in Masc.herode on land (size 116 nr); the test repeats 5 liters of control, 1 treatment with fungicide in the amount according to local recommendation (2 g / kg), 1 treatment with seeds (A) at a dose of 2 g / kg and 1 treatment with mixtures of fungicide and treatment. The fungicide is applied prior to seed treatment with the conditioning agent. The conditioning agent is applied to the seeds by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of water and the seeds are pickled in a commercial seed dressing equipment. Soil and climatic characteristics are given in Table ΧΙΙΣ. The task of the test was to demonstrate the effect of the conditioning agent on the yield of dry green beans. The results are shown in Table XIV.

Table XIII

Skoklimstické charakteristiky testy

Soil characteristics sand /% / alluvial soil /% / clay /% / organic matter / & / pH / water /

Weather conditions :: average temperature / ° C /

52.0

40.0

8.0

1.3

7.4

germination 12.6 early growth 14.3 development 16.9 flowering 15.9 creating a pod 16.7

total rainfall / mm /

germination 11 early growth 48 development 10 flowering 27 Mar: creating a pod O C.

germination means 1 to 31 to 45 days, to 70 days after sowing to 15 days, early growth 16 to 30 days, flowering 46 to 60 days, forming a pod 6

Table XIV

Green Bean Dry Extraction in Maseherode / Germany for seed treatment, treatment with Table I alone, with fungicide treatment and treatment with fungicide thiram / kg / ha / control 1699 seeds treated with 1829 alone with fungicide 1291 fungicide / conditioning 1 61 3 seed preparation

It is clear from the table that the fungicide treatment alone decreases the yield by 24 treatments with seed treatment / dose: 2.0 g / kg / increases the yield by $ 8, and the combination of seed treatment and fungicide also reduces the yield. see also the commentary in Example 4).

Example 7

Effect of seed treatment on germination of cotton Gossypium ssp

Laboratory tests are carried out on cotton gossypium ssp at COrnell University. University of New York / USA under the AOSA Seed Testing Code; the test is repeated 4 times with 50 seeds each and four doses of conditioning agent (A). The seed treatment composition is applied so as to prepare a suspension of the product with a few drops of water and the seeds are pickled in a commercial seed dressing plant. The purpose of this test is to demonstrate the effect of the conditioning agent, the roots and seedlings of the seedlings listed in Table XV.

germination and dry matter for 12 days. The results are

Table XV

M ^ rá. germination, dry weight of the roots and shoots of cotton in the treatment of seeds with the conditioning agent of Table 1

Treatment / g / kg seeds / 0 0.3 germination /% / 66.00 72.00 dry weight roots / g / plant / 0, -27 0.31 dry weight, shoots / g / plant / 1.6X5 1, 70

1.0 80.00 0.33 1.90

1.0

88.00

0.37

2.20

It can be seen from the table that the seed treatment agent increases germination, dry weight of roots and shoots at the highest dose of 3 g / kg by 33%, 37% and 37%, respectively, with respect to germination, dry weight of roots and dry weight of shoots. According to this example, the seed conditioner itself promotes a very sensitive period / sensitive to any environmental impact such as rain, fungal attack / germination and early cotton growth.

Example S

Effect of seed dressing mixed with captan on induced soybean biomass, Glycine max., In Italy

Field trials with soy gods, glycine max, var. Sakai incl. Caleppio, Italy: on land (measuring 10 m ² ); repeat the test 5 times with 4 doses of seed treatment. (A) with and without captan fungicide treatment. Captan is used in an amount as recommended by the local authority prior to seed treatment with the conditioner. The seed treatment agent is applied by preparing a product suspension with a few drops of milk and the seeds are pickled in a seed dressing unit. The soil and climatic characteristics of the test are. listed in the table. XVX. The task of the test is to demonstrate the effect of the seed treatment agent on the production of soy bioms. Table XVII shows the results.

Table XVL

Soil climatic characteristics

sand /% / 67.0 alluvial soil /% / 21.0 clay /% / 12.0 organic substances /% / 2.2 pE / water / 6.3 Weather conditions average temperature / ° C / germination 19.9 early growth 20.1 development 24.0 flowering 24.5 total rainfall / mm / germination 118 early growth 30 development,' 26 flowering 60

germination means 1 to 15 days, early growth 16 to 30 days, development 31 to 45 days, flowering 46 to 70 days after sowing

Table Χ7ΙΣ

Soybean biomass production in Caleppio by seed treatment with the refiner according to Table I alone and in combination with the captan fungicide (g / 10 plants)

Seed conditioner concentration / g / kg seeds /

-0 0.3 1.0 3.0 treatment with fungicide 51G 485 488 fungicide-free treatment 446 ' 531 501 408

The table shows that fungicide treatment alone does not increase soybean biomssy production: seed treatment increases biomass production (at a dose of 0.3 g / kg / 19%). 14%, as shown in Table XVI, are extreme conditions and the fungicide cannot develop its efficacy.

- 17 Example 9

Effect of seed treatment agent (thiamine sulphate salt) on germination and bean yield of pisum sativum in the United Kingdom

Field tests are carried out with boiling beans. Banff in Sush Pita, Wellesbourne on. land / area 3 m /; the test is repeated. 3x, 1 control, 1 seed treatment (A) at 2 µg / kg seed. The seeds are treated by suspending the conditioning agent with a few drops of water and pickling the seeds in a commercial seed dressing unit. The soil and climatic conditions of the test are given in Table XVIII. The task of the test is to demonstrate the effect of a conditioning agent whose active ingredient is vitamin B1 sulfate on the yield of dry beans. The results are shown in Table XIX.

Table XVIII

Ecoclimatic characteristics of the test

Soil characteristics

sand /% / 59.3 alluvial soil /% / 22.7 clay /% / 18.0 organic substance /% / 2.3 pH. /water/ 7.1 Wind conditions:

average temperature / ° C / germination 18.2 early growth 20.0 evolution 17.7 flowering 14.9 pod formation 14.5 total rainfall / mm / germination 27 early growth 12 evolution 44.

flowering 51 pod formation by germination means 1 to 15 days, early growth 16 to 30 days, development / growth / 31 to 40 days, flowering 41 to 55 days, pod formation 56 to 75 days after planting

O

Number of plants per m beans yield / kg / ha / * The table shows

Control Seed Preparation / Vitamin B1 Sulfate /

736

957 'the number of plants increases by 54% when modified with the thiamine-containing preservative in the form of a sulfate salt according to the invention, and as a result, the bean yield also increases by 30% under climatic conditions which can be characterized as relatively wet during germination.

Industrial Applicability:

Increasing plant yield using micronized. thiamine salts, formulated into the conditioning agent alone or in admixture with a non-bactericidal fungicide, preferably of the thiuram and phthalide type, to synergize the phyngicidal action

Claims (6)

What is claimed is: 1. A seed treatment composition comprising a vitamin B1 salt (A) in micronized form and optionally a non-bactericidal fungicide (B). Seed treatment composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises component A with a mean part size equal to or less than 50 microns, preferably equal to or less than 20 microns. Seed treatment composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concentration (A) is. 0.001 to 10 g / kg of seeds and (B) is about 0.01 to 100 g, in particular 1 to 10 g of active ingredient per kg of seeds. A seed treatment composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the salt is a mononitrate, sulfate, hydrochloride or hydrobromide. A seed treatment composition according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises as a fungicide: a thiocarbamate-type fungicide, preferably thiram. Seed treatment composition according to claims 1 to 4, characterized by: wherein the (B) component is captan, metataxyl, benomyl or thiabendazole. A method of treating seeds, for example, to increase plant growth and / or harvest, characterized in that the seed is treated with a composition according to claims 1 to 6.