CZ20953U1 - Composition for protection from fungi - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a preparation with fungicidal properties for the protection of various materials against pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi and its use for protection against fungal pathogen genes.

Background Art

In the protection of plants and agricultural commodities against fungal pathogens, fungicidal products are usually used which have a curative effect. Most of these products are poisonous, environmentally hazardous and have a negative effect on non-target organisms. They are usually based on the effect of one or up to three biologically active substances, which in practice results in the emergence of resistant populations of fungal agents.

Compositions based on plant extracts are composed predominantly of a mixture of biologically active substances obtained by a different extraction process (for example extraction with organic solvents, supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide, water distillation, maceration in water). Extracts are often used in commercially produced plant protection products. Most of these products are used as insecticidal agents against pests or as auxiliaries to increase plant vitality and defense. Their biological activity is based on the efficacy of plant biologically active substances. Preparations that exhibit significant fungicidal activity are deficient.

These compositions have the advantage over synthetic compositions that they contain a mixture of biologically active substances, which is usually synergistic and thus prevents the emergence of a resistance mechanism in fungal agents. The residues decompose relatively quickly after application and are therefore environmentally safe.

The current trend in the production of healthy food has deliberately led to a reduction in chemical production in agricultural production. At the same time, great efforts are being made to reduce the overall environmental burden of synthetic pesticides, which predetermines plant extracts as suitable alternatives to plant protection against diseases and pests. However, the current market offers only a limited number of herbal extracts. For this reason, it is necessary to look for new, preferably environmentally safe substances that would prevent damage caused to plants and / or other material subject to fungal attack.

Worldwide, there is a great deal of effort to obtain new fungicidal or auxiliary products that are both environmentally friendly and economically acceptable.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned problems are solved by a fungal protection composition according to the invention, which comprises extracting the roots and / or overground parts of the plant species of the genus Grindelia Willd., In English záplevanka syn. grindellia, hereinafter referred to as grindellia, in an amount of 0.5 to 99.5 wt. and at least one surfactant and / or emulsifier-based carrier in an amount of 0.5 to 99.5% wt.

The formulation according to the invention is characterized in that its aqueous emulsion, which is prepared by dissolving the extract in water, contains 0.5 to 5 wt. grindel extract.

Preferably, the formulation of the invention comprises a coarse grindel plant extract such as methanol, ethanol, aqueous extract, or extract of a mixture of these solvents.

The formulation according to the invention is further characterized in that it comprises a solid support, which is preferably selected from the group consisting mainly of natural and synthetic silicas, magnesium sulphates, magnesium aluminum silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates, aluminum silicates, calcium carbonate, sulphate.

-1 20953 U Ammonium, synthetic hydrated silicon oxides, synthetic calcium or aluminum silicates, carbon, sulfur, natural and synthetic resins, polyvinyl chloride, styrene polymers and copolymers, solid polychlorophenols, bitumen, waxes and solid fertilizers.

Furthermore, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that it contains a liquid carrier, which is preferably selected from the group consisting in particular of water, alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, petroleum fractions, chlorinated hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and mixtures thereof.

The formulation of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least two carriers, at least one of which is a surfactant and / or an emulsifier. The surfactant and / or emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, surfactant, dispersing agent or wetting agent; it may be nonionic or ionic. Suitable surfactants include sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and ligninsulfonic acids; condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose or pentaerytrol; their condensates with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; condensation products of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, for example p-octylphenol or p-octylcresol, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide; sulfates or sulfonates of these condensation products; alkali or alkaline earth salts, preferably sodium salts, or sulfonic acid esters containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, for example sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sec, alkyl sulfates, sodium sulfonated castor oil, and sodium alkylaryl sulfonates such as dodecyl benzene sulfonate; and ethylene oxide polymers and copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

The formulation according to the invention is also characterized in that it contains as accompanying compounds compounds having herbicidal, insecticidal or fungicidal properties.

The inventors have been successful in proving the beneficial effects of the formulation according to the present invention for the protection of plants against pathogens and / or other fungal degrading material (mold and mycotoxin contamination) both preventively and curatively, in particular against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Verification of this preparation was carried out in the Research Institute of Crop Production, v.v.i., Prague, CZ, when the preparation was used mainly against fungal pathogens and pathogens of plants and agricultural commodities.

Furthermore, we have found that the formulation according to the invention is capable of inhibiting growth of at least 50% of pathogenic and toxinogenic fungal species causing plant diseases and degradation of any material they can colonize at a concentration of 0.2 to 5%. In particular, they are Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Penicillium expansum,

Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus.

The formulation according to the invention is preferably applied in the form of spraying on utility and ornamental plants in the wild, greenhouses and households, further on any material subject to fungal organisms in water dilution (depending on the use), preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight. . active ingredient in the respective aqueous emulsion.

The advantage of the formulation according to the invention is its non-toxicity, since it is composed of plant extracts which are used in cosmetics and medicine. Another advantage of the formulation according to the invention is its versatility, since it acts both preventively, as it increases plant vitality and curatively against diseases. It is able to increase the vitality, improve the appearance and immunity of the plants, repeated as necessary in the standard preventive application. It is an effective, non-environmentally friendly ftmgicidal formula.

The formulation according to the invention is fungicidal if it contains 0.5 to 99.5% hnlotn. extract of plants of the genus Grindelia Willd., in particular of the following species:

species Grindelia adenodonta (Steyermark) Nesom species Grindelia arizonica Gray

-2CZ 20953 Ul species Grindelia decumbens Greene species Grindelia fraxinopratensis Reveal & Beatley species Grindelia grandiflora Hook.

species Grindelia havardii Steyermark species Grindelia hirsutula Hook. & Am. species Grindelia howellii Steyermark species Grindelia integrifolia DC. species Grindelia laciniata Rydb. species Grindelia lanceolata Nutt.

species Grindelia microcephala DC. species Grindelia nuda Wood species Grindelia oolepis Blake species Grindelia oxylepis Greene species Grindelia papposa Nesom & Suh species Grindelia pusilla (Steyermark) Nesom species Grindelia robusta Nutt. species Grindelia scabra Greene species Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal species Grindelia subalpina Greene and at least one carrier or other accompanying substances. Nothing prevents the preparation according to the invention from being compounded with compounds having herbicidal, insecticidal or fungicidal properties. This will extend the range of uses of this product.

The following examples illustrate the formulation without limiting it in any way.

Examples of technical solutions

Example 1

Fungicide preparation

Overhead flowering parts of Grindelia robusta Nutt. they were dried and then ground. The resulting homogeneous sample was macerated in methanol (99%) with active shaking in a sample: solvent volume ratio of 1: 10. After 24 hours, the macerate was filtered and vacuum concentrated (40 ° C). The whole process was repeated three times and the evaporators were combined into one homogeneous sample. The sample obtained was mixed with the carriers at a ratio of 5 parts of the sample: 4 parts of rapeseed oil: 1 part of Polysorbate-80 (polyoxyethylene-20 sorbitan monooleate). The mixture was thoroughly homogenized.

Example 2

Fungicide preparation

The above-ground flowering portions of the Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal were ground and macerated in water with active shaking in a seed: solvent = 1: 10 volume ratio. After 24 hours, the macerate was filtered and vacuum concentrated (50 ° C). The whole process was repeated three times and the evaporators were combined into one homogeneous sample. The obtained homogeneous sample was mixed in a 7: 3 ratio with 70% ethanol. The mixture was thoroughly homogenized.

Example 3

Influence of the preparation according to the technical solution on the germination of common wheat

Test plants: Triticum aestivum L. Common wheat (Darwin variety). Dilution Variants: The formulation of Example 1 was diluted in water and mixed into a 1 emulsion; 2.5 a

5 wt.

-3CZ 20953 Ul

Methods: Wheat seeds were obtained from own resources from harvested small plot experiments. The mechanically undamaged grains were placed on plates with moistened sterile filter paper. The seeds were not locked on the surface in order to achieve a natural appearance of superficial mycoflora during germination. A total of 400 grains were used for each concentration variant (1, 2.5, and 5 wt%), all in 4 replicates. The seeds were placed on separate experimental plates at approximately 2 cm intervals. Seed germination was carried out at 21 ° C under laboratory conditions. The application was carried out by spraying using a hand sprayer so that the spray was applied evenly over the entire surface of the tray. Sterile distilled water was used for the control variant. Percent germination was evaluated after 72 hours.

io Results: After application, grain attack was suppressed by natural surface microflora and thus improved seed germination values. Mean values and standard deviation of wheat seed germination concentration versus concentration are shown in Table 1 below.

Example 4

Testing of phytotoxic properties on common wheat plants

In the framework of experiments with application, we evaluated as objective criterion possible phytotoxic properties on young plants. (20 x 20 cm pot, 50 seeds per pot area, common peat substrate).

Methods: Wheat seeds were first surface sterilized with 1% Sava solution, washed with sterile water, dried and plated on a sterile peat substrate. For evaluation, 20 x 20 cm flowers and 50 seeds per pot were used. The seeds were then covered with peat to a depth of 1 cm. The pots were placed on growing tables in a greenhouse. The ambient temperature ranged from 19 to 25 ° C. The dressing was carried out in the form of a lower irrigation every two days (the lower irrigation was chosen to avoid accidental washing of the preparation from the leaves). The first application of the composition of Example 1 was performed when the height of the plants was about 5 cm. Further application to the plants was performed after another ten days. The application was carried out by spraying using a hand sprayer outside the cultivation tables (to avoid contamination of tables and surrounding trials). The application was done according to horticultural practice to scarlet leaves. After the plants had dried, about 3 to 4 hours after application, the plants were placed back on the growing tables. Phytotoxicity assessment was performed 10 days after application, just prior to the second experimental application. This was done in the same way. The evaluation of the plants after the second application was carried out again after ten days. In all cases, a 5% concentration of the formulation according to the invention was used (water emulsion / concentration 5% w / w). The treated variant was compared with the control variant. In the case of control, water alone was used for application. The control and treatment variants were performed in 3 repetitions. The following scale was used to evaluate phyto35 toxic properties:

no hints (yellowish edges, leaf tips) damage to 30% of leaf area damage 30 to 50% of leaf area

5 damage more than 50% of the leaf area.

Results: Phytotoxicity and plant damage due to application were not observed in either repetition. Both the first and repeated application of the formulation according to the invention did not lead to phytotoxic manifestations and the plants after application were not assessed as damaged compared to the control. Minor indications of leaf tip drying have been observed in control, untreated, plants (about 3-4%). No phytotoxicity to green plant tissues was observed after application.

-4CZ 20953 Ul

Example 5

Effect of the product on significant pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi species

Selected target species: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fitmigatus.

Methods: An in-vitro test on Petri dishes was used to evaluate efficacy against selected pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi. Potato-dextrose agar was chosen as the nutrient medium to suit all the fungi tested. The active ingredient of the formulation (plant extract) was thoroughly mixed at 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2.5 and 3 mg / ml in nutrient agar at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C (in order to avoid potentially reduced heat performance). After the agar had cooled, 0.4 cm large inoculation agar discs were placed in the center of the plates and covered with a 7 day culture of individual pathogens. The dishes were placed in a thermostat with a maintained temperature of 20 ° C. Variants were made in three replicates. Evaluation of the pathogen growth inhibitory effect was performed after seven days. Based on the inhibitory effect on fungal growth and concentration, the mean minimum inhibitory concentration values for individual pathogens were determined, or the minimum 15% dose to reduce fungal pathogen growth by at least 50%.

Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration values found for selected pathogenic and toxinogenic species are shown in Table 2 as (MIC 50). The growth of selected pathogenic and toxinogenic fungi was significantly inhibited. At higher doses, growth was inhibited in some cases completely. The test confirmed promising efficacy at concentrations ranging from 0.7 to

1.76 mg / ml when growth inhibition exceeded 50% for all selected fungal species.

Industrial usability

The fungicidal preparation can be used in agricultural and food practice, as well as in households to protect crops and ornamental plants and to protect any material to suppress the appearance of a wide range of fungal species involved in its degradation.

Claims (8)

25 PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. A fungal protection product, characterized in that it comprises an extract of roots and / or above-ground parts of the plant species of the genus Grindelia Willd, a synod. % grindelia, hereinafter referred to as grindelia, in an amount of 0.5 to 99.5 wt. and at least one surfactant and / or emulsifier carrier in an amount of 0.5 to 99.5% by weight. 30 Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that its aqueous emulsion, which is prepared by dissolving the extract in water, contains 0.5 to 5% by weight. grindelia extract. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coarse extract of grindelia plants is a methanol, ethanol, aqueous extract or an extract of a mixture of these solvents. 35 Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier is solid in the composition. The composition of claim 4, wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic clays silicates, magnesium silicates, magnesium-aluminum silicates, aluminum silicates, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, synthetic hydrated 40 silicon oxides, synthetic calcium or aluminum silicates, carbon, sulfur, natural and synthetic -5E 20953 U1 resins, polyvinyl chloride, styrene polymers and copolymers, solid polychlorophenols, bitumen, waxes and solid fertilizers. A formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the carrier is liquid in the formulation. 5 7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the liquid carrier is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, petroleum fractions, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least two carriers, at least one of which is a surfactant and / or an emulsifier. 9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids and ligninsulfonic acids, condensation products of fatty acids or aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with ethylene oxide; / or propylene oxide, fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose or pentaerythrole, their condensates with 15 ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, condensation products of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, sulfates or sulfonates of these condensation products, alkali or alkaline earth salts, sulfonic acid esters containing at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule, sodium secondary alkyl sulfates, sodium salts of sulphonated castor oil and sodium alkylarylsulphonates, ethylene oxide polymers and ethylene oxide copolymers; and 20 propylene oxide.