CZ2013561A3 - Method of protecting soil from water erosion by making deep furrows between rows of wide-row crop - Google Patents

Abstract

Between the rows of the wide-row crop, a groove (8) is made with a chisel cultivator in which the soil (3) is loosened to a coarse structure, loose spaces are formed by which water enters the bottom (5) of the groove (8), saturates the loose soil (3) ) and soaks into the undiluted soil (2), which it gradually saturates.

Description

Description of the invention

A method of protecting the soil against water erosion by making deep furrows between the rows of a wide row crop.

Area of use

The invention relates to the agricultural use of soil protection against water erosion on slopes by growing broad-leaved crops during torrential rain and to protecting the landscape under the land.

Current state of erosion protection.

Sowing of rye in every second intermediate row of corn was carried out in 1983 by a modified sowing machine, which simultaneously sowed corn and rye in one operation. This is my proposed procedure with a demonstration at the Corn Conference in Jílovy983-5. After 4 weeks, rye grows sufficiently, thickens strongly with shoots, but supports water into the soil and prevents soil erosion.

Sowing of corn into belts, where the belt of corn alternates with the belt of densely sown crops, which retains water in the inflow and thus retains the washed-up soil.

Sowing corn with additional mulching with a straw bed, which protects the soil from the impact of water droplets and thus maintains good water infiltration into the undisturbed surface structure of the soil and prevents erosion.

Sowing of corn with dimples, which retains surface water, which is not enough to soak.

Sowing corn into mulch with a no-till seed drill that sows in narrow loose furrows protects the soil as in paragraph 3.

No-till sowing of corn into mulch by a modified sowing machine with a rotavator, which loosens a strip of soil 8-10 cm deep and 15 cm wide. There is a better warming of the soil around the sown grain, the grain emerges better and forms a richer root system, which has an impact on further development after emergence. maize in 1985 protects the soil as in paragraph 3.

The essence of the invention

A method of protecting the soil against water erosion on a slope when growing broad-leaved crops, by making deep furrows in the middle between the rows with a chisel cultivator, so as to prevent the outflow of water from the slope. The direction of sowing of the crop must also be adapted to this condition. Grooving soils the soil to a coarse, lumpy structure, filling the furrow and the surrounding surface. Gaps remain between the lumpy soil, through which water penetrates the furrow during torrential rain, fills it and at the same time saturates the lumpy soil with water.

When filling the furrow with water, the water penetrates the bottom and walls of the furrow into the uncultivated soil, gradually saturating it with water at the same time as the soil surface. The water supply in the lower layer of the soil will help the cultivated crop to overcome any prolonged drought by raising water to the roots of the crop.

At present, the most cultivated broad-leaved crop is maize, which requires anti-erosion protection on the slopes. cultivators. The depth of the furrow must be greater than the plowing depth of at least 25 cm up to a depth of 40 cm depending on the slope.

Another much-grown crop is the furrows of the furrows, which are made at the bottom of the furrow at least 15 cm deep according to the slope of the furrows, so that water cannot run down the furrow. The water in the rice seeps into the uncultivated soil in the furrow. The groove retains a large amount of water and prevents erosion in the furrows. The depth and width of the groove determine the amount of water retained.

Beets are usually sown on flat land, but there are places where lakes form after torrential rain and there is an extinction of sown beets. In these places it is possible to perform grooving in the whole catchment area and in the place where water is retained to a depth of at least 25 cm and more, the width of the groove can be less than 10 cm up to 15 cm. The water should remain in the grooves and no beet-free areas should form. The same can happen with other broad-leaved crops.

The connection line between the individual drill runs remains scratch-free for practical reasons, but it is still sufficient, as it is not possible to maintain the exact distance between the lines.

The Kvemeland CLC 5.1m cultivator is on the market to make grooves. I found that it has sliding chisels, it is double-row with secured chisels against stones, it is supported, light and unnecessary chisels can be removed, other cultivators that meet the given conditions can also be used. The cultivator can be used to make 7 furrows on an eight-row seed drill, where the row between the next runs of the seed drill is without a furrow. It is not possible to keep a 75 cm wide spacing, the corn row could be broken. The cultivator must be raised in the ARCHES, otherwise the corn rows will be damaged. If the groove has a larger slope somewhere, the grooving can be interrupted by raising and lowering the groover, the possible outflow of water through the groove is prevented.

Water infiltration test performed by a test groove.

I soaked the soil with a furrow 20 cm wide, 25 cm deep and 130 cm long. The surface of the trench was 3 cm below the surface of the surrounding terrain so that water from the trench could not flow out of the trench. During the experiment, I maintained the water level at the same time as the soil surface in the rice. I watered the watering cans.

Result of the experiment with water infiltration rate:

201 - 8 minutes

401 - 32II

501 - 55II

601 - 94II

At the end of the experiment, the water was at the same time as the soil surface, the furrow was fully saturated with water, 601 water was retained. The soil surface and the water were visible.

The cultivation was done with a spade and a pickaxe.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS L Method of protecting the soil against water erosion by making deep furrows between the rows of a wide row crop "characterized in" that on the slope between the rows of the wide row crops a deep furrow (8) is made into the soil with a chisel cultivator, lumpy loose soil (3) in the rice (8) allowing water, which is not enough to soak in during torrential rain on the surface (1), to flow into the groove, saturate with water lumpy loose soil (3), at the same time the water seeps through the bottom (5), side walls (4), into the loose soil (2) , which gradually saturates with water). 2. Soil protection against water erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that the maize is made a furrow 25 to 40 cm deep according to the needs of the retained water and the depth of the soil, the width of the furrow 20 to 30 cm also according to the needs of the retained water. T Soil protection against water erosion according to claim L, characterized in that the potatoes are drilled more than 15 cm deep below the bottom of the furrow according to the amount of water retained and the quality of the subsoil. Soil protection against water erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that the beet is drilled 10 cm wide, at most 15 cm, depth above 25 cm.