CZ2003638A3 - Shuttering element for the construction of a hemispherical building and method of shuttering in construction thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Shuttering elements (1, 20) for the construction of a hemispherical building are disclosed, comprising webs (10) along the side edges (4, 5) thereof. The webs (10) project from the underside (8) of the shuttering element (1, 20), facing what is to become the building interior (36). The individual shuttering elements (1, 20) may be connected using the webs (10), by means of quick-fasteners (12, 13) to produce the complete shuttering and are multiply re-usable. The invention further relates to a method for the construction of a hemispherical building.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a shuttering element for the construction of a hemispherical building. The invention further relates to a method of forming a formwork in a construction to a building.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hemispherical buildings and dome-shaped buildings, also referred to as hill house or ground hill house, on the one hand offer numerous advantages, such as low material costs at high load capacity, but on the other hand have the disadvantage that their construction is relatively expensive. Because the formation of conventional formwork is very costly and time-consuming due to the hemisphere shape, such ground-hilly houses are often built without formwork. Therefore, only reinforcement of iron is built and sprayed with concrete. However, this method has numerous disadvantages. Iron reinforcement has to be relatively dense, so it consumes a lot of material in order to adhere to the concrete and do not pass iron reinforcement. Furthermore, the concrete surfaces formed in this way are very irregular, which is particularly disadvantageous on the inner side, since the walls have to be plastered before painting in order to obtain a smooth surface.

There are many solutions in the patent literature that simplify the construction of a hemispherical building. For example, from CH 626

132 and US 4,155,967 are known balloon-like inflatable membranes with concrete sprayed on the inner and outer sides and therefore do not require any particular formwork. The disadvantage of this method, however, is that the construction of large hemispherical buildings presents problems with how to seal the membrane against the ground so that a balloon shape is created when air is inflated, and it is also very expensive. Indeed, even small leaks cause the membrane not to be completely inflated, or the membrane collapses during hardening of the concrete, which at least requires costly additional improvement work.

DE 32 46 364 discloses a prefabricated ground hill house in which prefabricated parabola-shaped or ellipse-shaped reinforced concrete parts are aligned side by side on the base plate and erected. The disadvantage of this embodiment is the transport and installation costs. The reinforced concrete parts must be transported from the factory on a large lorry to the construction site, where they are assembled by cranes. However, this greatly increases construction costs.

GB 2 028 395 also discloses an igloo of foamed plastic, for example polystyrene or polyurethane, which is provided with a steel fabric. The Iglu is preferably assembled from eight wedge elements which are aligned side by side with a tongue-and-groove joint and subsequently fastened together using a suitable mortar. The Igloo may have a net on its outside that can be plastered. Due to the use of a plastic material, the described igloo is relatively light, which again presents a certain disadvantage in terms of stability. In addition, the joint of the wedge elements by means of a groove and tongue is not very stable, so that cracks can occur along these joints. Both DE 32 46 364 and GB 2 028 395 disclose a dome-shaped building made up of prefabricated elements. In any case, this is not a formwork that can be removed once the building has been built.

However, shuttering offers numerous advantages over prefabricated building elements. For example, there is some flexibility after the construction has been completed, since numerous structural variations can be made with the formwork, which is not possible with prefabricated elements. The wall design is also variable, since, for example, using formwork, only concrete can be used, or insulation layers can be used with it, or the necessary supply lines or distribution pipes can be installed on site at the same time. All this is possible with the use of the formwork without additional load and without additional costs. On the other hand, the production of prefabricated parts requires industrial production, which makes the realization of individual wishes very expensive. As already mentioned, the known shuttering systems for building buildings in the shape of hemispheres are not suitable. For each individual hemisphere building it is necessary to build individual formwork, which is destroyed after the building is completed.

DE 44 40 959 discloses an aluminum shuttering which is reusable. For this purpose, the hemispherical formwork pieces are cut with a circular radius and fixed to each other with strong screws. However, no further details can be learned from this file.

Therefore, there remains a problem of providing a formwork suitable for the construction of a hemispherical building that can be constructed simply and at low cost and which is reusable. In addition, there is a need to provide a method of forming a formwork in the construction of a hemispherical building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by a formwork element for building a hemisphere-shaped building according to the invention, which is characterized in that the formwork element has ribs extending along the lateral edges extending into the interior of the building.

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The object also fulfills a method of forming a formwork in a hemisphere-like building in which several formwork elements are aligned and joined together to form the entire formwork, whereupon concrete is applied to the outside of the formwork and after the concrete has hardened the formwork elements are removed to the interior of the building according to the invention, the essence of which is that the shuttering elements are connected by ribs by means of quick-action fasteners.

Advantageous embodiments are set forth in the subclaims.

The shuttering element, which serves to construct a hemisphere-shaped building, has ribs extending along its edge at least on its side edges, which are directed towards the later interior of the building. By means of these protruding ribs, which can be interrupted in certain parts, the individual shuttering elements can be interconnected very quickly, simply and stably to form the entire shuttering. To this end, the at least two formwork elements are aligned such that one side of each element abuts the adjacent side of the other element. The two formwork elements are brought into contact with each other so that they can be connected to one another on the ribs projecting into the interior of the building. For this purpose, quick-release fasteners, for example in the form of clamps or plug pins, are preferably used in order to allow the formwork to be set up quickly.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the protruding ribs deviate somewhat from the perpendicular to the main body of the shuttering element, for example by an angle [beta] of 1 to 10 [deg.]. This achieves even better alignment of the shuttering elements. The shuttering elements according to the invention are preferably wedge-shaped, with the shuttering elements tapering or tapering from the bottom to the tip of the later hemisphere. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the individual shuttering elements are not straight but curved in order to obtain a uniform dome shape. In order to integrate windows, doors and other openings into the building, there are shuttering elements which are shaped externally to these just described wedge shuttering elements. The area of these special shuttering elements is reduced to its upper side to allow the windows and doors to protrude from the hemispherical building, the so-called dormers.

A preferred material for the shuttering elements of the invention is glass fiber reinforced plastic, which results in extra lightness and ease of handling. The side ribs may further comprise a metal, preferably aluminum, in order to achieve a sufficiently high strength. According to another embodiment, the aluminum consists not only of the protruding ribs but also of the entire shuttering element. Thereby, the production of the shuttering elements will be particularly advantageous, since the ribs can be formed on the body of the shuttering element by bending or bending. In addition, it is advantageous if the insulating material is releasably applied to the formwork element according to the invention, for example by gluing. In this way, an insulating material can be placed on the shuttering element before the concrete is sprayed, thus creating thermal and / or acoustic insulation of the building during the construction of the shell. Furthermore, it is also advantageous if the concrete is first applied and then the insulating layer, whereby the concrete can optionally be placed between two insulating layers or, conversely, the insulation between two concrete layers.

The main advantage of the formwork element according to the invention is its reusability. After the concrete has been sprayed or possibly manually applied, the shuttering elements can be removed, cleaned and reused. Due to the arrangement of the ribs projecting into the interior of the building, the formwork described can be built easily, quickly and yet stably, and no tools are usually required for this purpose. Usually the use of hammers, levers and wrenches is sufficient. Due to the low weight of the shuttering elements, no supports are required. In principle, two workers can build formwork for the entire ground upstairs house without much effort, because the ribs protruding into the interior of the building, which are intended to join the formwork elements, are easily accessible. This is particularly advantageous because, due to the good alignment of the shuttering elements according to the invention, the surface of the interior of the building made of concrete is also very smooth, so that the application of the plaster can be omitted and the walls only have to be painted. This eliminates the need for a complete working operation in the construction of a ground-up hill house. The omission of this operation is of the utmost advantage since the application of the plaster to the rounded walls is both labor-intensive and time-consuming and therefore very expensive. This drastically reduces the manufacturing costs of such a land-dwelling house or similar hemispherical building.

As already mentioned, in a method of forming a formwork for building a hemisphere building, the formwork elements described above are aligned side by side, preferably on a base plate. The formwork elements are positioned so that the formwork elements are brought into contact with each other and connected to each other at the side edges by protruding ribs forming contact surfaces by means of quick-action fasteners. In particular, wedge-shaped basic elements are used as formwork elements. Where there are openings for doors or windows, the relevant dormer-shaped shuttering elements shall be used.

After the shuttering work has been completed, the required materials are applied, in particular iron reinforcement first, in order to increase the stability of the finished building, whereupon concrete is sprayed onto the reinforcement, whereby the concrete can optionally be applied in layers. Reinforcement of the building can also be done by using fiber reinforced concrete, which can save iron reinforcement. Instead of concrete it is also possible to apply a curable plastic, for example a foamable plastic, such as a plastic such as a foamable plastic, such as 9-9 Polystyrene or Polyurethane 9-9 Polystyrene or Polyurethane. Furthermore, it is also advantageous if an insulating material is applied directly to the formwork, for example by means of adhesive tapes. Concrete is then applied to the insulating material as described above. Also in this case it is possible to use reinforcement made of iron.

The shuttering elements may be sprayed or painted with release liner prior to the application of the concrete to facilitate later release of the shuttering from the cured concrete. After the concrete or other material has cured, the shuttering is removed by releasing the quick-release fasteners from the inside and removing the shuttering. Even the stripping of the finished building is carried out simply and without much effort by removing the elements one by one. Since no supports and reinforcements are required for the construction of a hemispherical building, the formwork is carried out very quickly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a formwork element according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a side view of a formwork element according to the invention in the direction of arrow II in FIG. 1; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a joint of two adjacent formwork elements; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of the connection of two adjacent formwork elements; Fig. 6 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a particular formwork element; the structure of the ground mound house, fig. 8 in plan view of the entire formwork, and 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 '9 9 9' 9 · 9 9: 9) 9 9 · '· 999 9 9 · 9 · 9 · 9 9 9 9 9 (· »» »9 <· 9ι 9 9 9, 9 9' · FIG. 9 is a side view of the finished hemisphere house in the shape of a hemisphere.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a formwork element 7 according to the invention. This formwork element 7 has the shape of a wedge that tapers from the base side 3 of the formwork element 1 to the end face 2. When the formwork element 7 is positioned according to τζαγταοΙλ'-ζτ.τ o ι-v »and ί · π -i A o 1 η o vo vo V V-\ \ \ \ τ τ 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n n n v - vvxxxx olxa-xxu. xvv o p x v <v £ swxvx \ .wu.xi / <X δ tiiv i ú u n oxxdxxd

3 lies on the base plate. The shuttering element 7 according to the invention further has two side edges 4 and 5. When several shuttering elements 7 are positioned, the adjacent shuttering elements 7 touch each other with their side edges 4 and 5. The formwork element 7 according to the invention is provided with ribs 10 (see FIGS. 2 to 5) at least along these side edges 4 and 5, which serve to connect the formwork elements 1 to each other in order to build a hemispherical house. 8 and 9.

In order to achieve a uniform rounding of the building, the shuttering elements 7 are preferably arched, as indicated by the bending line 6. To form a hemisphere-shaped building, several such formwork elements are required. For this reason, the shuttering elements 7 always correspond to a certain angle α. The hemisphere-shaped building is preferably lunched with the twenty formwork elements 7 of the invention, so that the angle α is preferably 18 °. In addition to this preferred embodiment of an angle α of 18 ° and a number of twenty formwork elements 1 as segments, any other number of segments, and hence any other angle size α, can be used to provide a uniformly rounded building. The end faces 2 remain as openings or skylights at the tip of the hemisphere of the building.

The arched or curved shape of the shuttering element X is clearly visible in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows the shuttering element X in side view as seen in the direction of the arrow Π in Fig. 1. The top side Ί_ of the shuttering element X faces the outside and the bottom side 8. into the interior of the building. The base side X is located on the base plate and the front side 2 faces the tip of the hemisphere. Preferably, the area 9 facing the base plate is formed approximately perpendicular to the base plate. This area 9, also referred to as the soil lining, allows efficient use of the hemispherical lower part of the building. Also shown in FIG. 2 is a rib 10 at the side edge X. This rib 10 protrudes from the underside X of the shuttering element X and is therefore directed towards the later interior of the building.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line Ulili of FIG. 2. The rib 10 on the side edge X of the shuttering element X is clearly visible from this illustration. The rib 10 may be provided with a plurality of apertures or guides 11 which serve to accommodate plug connectors or other quick locks.

Figures 4 and 5 show the connection of two formwork elements X, 1 &apos;, the structurally identical formwork element XX having an apostrophe for differentiation. The formwork elements X, 1 'are brought into contact with each other so that they touch each other along their side edges 5 and 4'. Thus, the ribs 10 and 10 &apos; Thereafter, the shuttering elements X, 1 &apos; are joined to each other by a stable clamp 12 (FIG. 4) or a plug connector XX (FIG. 5) or a similar quick-lock (for example a plug wedge). In this way, the shuttering elements X, 1 'are precisely fastened and locked in position and aligned. Figure 4 shows a preformed rib 10, 10 &apos; which is formed together with the formwork element X, 1 &apos; already during its manufacture, for example by rolling or pressing aluminum sheet *

and

In contrast, Fig. 5 shows a rib 10, 10 'which was placed after the formation of the base body 14, 14' of the shuttering element 11 '.

To this end, a protruding rib 10, 10 &apos;, for example in the form of a metal strip, is mounted on the side edges 5 and 4 of the base body 14, 14 &apos;, and fastened at this point, for example by rivets or other fastening means 15, 15 &apos; FIG. 5 further shows that the ribs 10, 10 &apos; deviate from the perpendicular to the base bodies 14, 14 &apos; of the shuttering element 1, 1 &apos; This small deviation of the ribs 10, 10 'by the angle β. from the perpendicular to the base bodies 14, 14 &apos; is advantageous because this achieves a particularly good fit when the individual shuttering elements 1, 20 are joined together. In this way, even concrete surfaces are created, which must then be painted.

Giant. 6 shows a formwork element 20 in side view. This formwork element 20 is a special formwork element and is intended to form a hemisphere-shaped opening in a building. The shuttering element 20 shown in FIG. 6 serves, for example, to form the shuttering of the door. A similarly shaped shuttering element is used to form a window instead of a door, for example by omitting the portion below the line 21. This shuttering element 20, like the shuttering element 1, has a base side 23, a face 22 for the window or door surface and a side boundary surface 24 (see 9), the connection surface 25 for connection to the main formwork (see FIG. 8) facing the hollow space and the upper side 27. The peripheral formwork element 20, in particular along the sides 23, 27 and the surface 25, are also preferably ribs 10 are shown in dash-dotted lines as described for the shuttering element 1. A cover element 26 (see also FIG. 9) is mounted on the top side 27 of the shuttering element 20 (see also FIG. 9) and is preferably covered with an insulating layer 30 so that it can then be poured with concrete 32 as indicated by the line indicating the concrete layer.

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Giant. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a hemispherical building wall structure. The shuttering element 7 is shown on the (here left) side of the interior 36 of the building. This formwork element 7 consists of its own base body 14 having an upper side 7 and a lower side 8. Further, a rib 10 with guides 11 is shown. By means of an adhesive joint 31, an insulating layer 30 is fastened to the formwork 1.

This insulating layer 30 can be made of any known insulating material. The concrete layer 32 is then applied to the insulating layer 30. The anchoring means 33, 34, 35 is used to connect the concrete layer 32 to the insulating layer 30, which anchoring means 33, 34, 35 may be in the form of hooks or cogs. The insulating layer 30 is therefore anchored in the concrete layer 32 so that the shuttering element 7 can be detached from the glued joint 31 when it is peeled off.

1 to 7, the method of the invention will now be described. After the foundation plate has been formed, wedge-shaped shuttering elements 1 are placed side by side in the hemisphere. These shuttering elements 7 are then connected to one another and to one another by means of protruding ribs 10 arranged at least at the edges 4 and 5. The connection is effected by means of quick-action fasteners, for example U-shaped clamps 12 which embrace the ribs 10 or plug connectors 13. special formwork elements 20 are fitted from outside to locations where lateral cutouts will be provided for doors or windows. After assembling the shuttering elements 6 in the shape of a hemisphere (see plan view in FIG. 8) and inserting the shuttering elements 20 for the windows, concrete or other curable materials or insulating materials can be directly sprayed, or an intermediate layer of insulating material can be used. After applying the appropriate layers and curing the concrete, the formwork is removed from the interior of the building. For this purpose, quick-release fasteners, for example clamps 12 or plug connectors 13, for example with a slight hammer blow, are released and the shuttering elements 7, 20 are removed from the wall of the rough hemisphere of the building, whereby

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this possibly used insulation layer 30 remains securely anchored to the concrete layer 32. In this way, a hemisphere-shaped house is shown (shown in side view) in FIG. 9.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS Formwork element for building a hemisphere-shaped building, characterized in that the formwork element (1, 20) has ribs (10) protruding into the interior (36) of the building along the side edges (4, 5). The shuttering element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two shuttering elements (1, 20) can be connected to each other by means of quick-action fasteners (12, 13). The formwork element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ribs (10) deviate from the perpendicular to the formwork element (1), in particular by an angle (β) of 1 to 10 °. Formwork element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the formwork element (1) has a shape tapering from the base edge (3) to the upper edge (2), in particular the shape of a wedge. Formwork element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the formwork element (1) corresponds to an 18-degree sector of a circle forming the base surface of a hemispherical building. The shuttering element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shuttering element (1) consists of a low density material, in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic or aluminum. Formwork element according to claim 6, characterized in that the ribs (10) consist of metal, in particular aluminum. The shuttering element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an insulating layer (30) which can be bonded, in particular glued, can be attached to the outside (7) of the shuttering element (1). 4 # 'ί »^ ·· ίΐ · * * \» · * ·' *? ' b; · '· ♦ · ♦, ί ···! ΐ »: ί · · · ♦ '*'.»; Μ AU »1» E, · 1 · '. · 'Αΐ ·' ·: Ι * lt (J · J>: ·) · 44 4 '»·> · ι ··. Method for forming a formwork in the construction of a hemisphere-shaped building, in which several formwork elements (1, 20) are arranged side by side and joined together to form the entire formwork, whereupon the outside (7) of the formwork elements (1, 20) the concrete (32) is applied and after the concrete (32) has hardened, the shuttering elements (1, 20) are removed towards the interior (36) of the building, characterized in that the shuttering elements (1, 20) are connected by ribs (10). 12, 13). Method according to claim 9, characterized in that an insulating layer (30) is placed on the outside (7) of the shuttering elements (1, 20), in particular glued, before the concrete (32) is applied thereto.