CZ16232U1 - Building element, particularly lightweight sandwich-type peripheral non-supporting panel - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a building component, especially a lightweight sandwich non-load-bearing panel, used in the building industry as a prefabricated for cladding prefabricated, especially steel and reinforced concrete buildings.

Background Art

Building components, in particular sandwich perimeter panels, are manufactured as laminated prefabricates composed of load-bearing, insulating and protective layers.

The building component, especially the wall panel for building purposes, is the subject of the registered utility model no. 15821. This building component contains reinforcing load-bearing elements, which makes it suitable for use as a prefabricate for external walls, internal partitions and ceiling structures. The outer and inner protective layer is formed by sheathing of the building element with thin-walled concrete slabs according to the registered utility model no. 15759.

At present, there are many prefabricated buildings whose circumferential shell, or part of the shell, is non-load-bearing, attached to a load-bearing prefabricated structure. As a rule, these building elements consist of a peripheral supporting frame with a mineral wool filling and an outer and inner sheathing of materials such as glass, wood-cement boards, hardboard and the like. As an example of the most common use of these non-load-bearing panels, classic window inserts in prefabricated houses of some construction systems Τ 06B, Banks, VVU ETA and others can be mentioned.

Boletical hanging panels. Over time, the thermal insulation is degraded by sliding it or otherwise, and often the supporting frame. In addition, these building components do not meet the current requirements for thermal, noise and fire insulation and the appearance of buildings. Therefore, they are replaced, shackled or sheathed. These solutions always have a negative effect and disadvantages. The following three replacement methods are most commonly used:

1) Replacement - In this method, the existing building component breaks down and a similar panel is produced, usually a wooden frame that is clad on both sides with a CETRIS type building board, plasterboard, gypsum, etc., and a mineral wool inside the panel. The structural component can then be painted, coated or otherwise finished, eventually finishing on site.

2) Crossing - In this method, the existing building component breaks down and a lining is carried out instead, usually from a surface-treated gas silicate.

3) Cladding - In this method, the existing building component is left in place and sheathed from the outside, possibly from the inside, to improve its properties to the desired level.

With these known means for the reconstruction and modernization of prefabricated buildings, the restoration of peripheral non-load-bearing panels is achieved, but usually at the cost of increasing the load on the load-bearing structure.

The essence of the technical solution

The disadvantages of the prior art are largely eliminated by a structural component, in particular a lightweight sandwich-shaped, non-structural panel consisting of layers of protective, insulating and optionally structural building materials, composed of two building boards joined by a foam thermal insulation, according to the present invention. that the middle insulating layer of the building component, consisting of rigid polyurethane foam with a density of 35 to 65 kg / m ³ , and / or foamed polystyrene with a density of 18 to 65 kg / m ³ , and / or extruded polystyrene with a density of 18 to 65 kg / m ³ , it is sheathed from the outside and from the inside by thin-walled

At least two left-hand anchors and at least two right-hand anchors are provided in both the vertical side walls of the middle insulating layer at the top and at the bottom of each of the vertical side walls. anchoring the building component to the existing supporting structure.

The structural component of the present invention is a lightweight, non-structural, non-structural component designed to replace the existing peripheral non-structural elements. Its advantage is lightness, the possibility of individual shape around the circumference, absence of thermal bridges, yet sufficient insulation properties. The central part of the panel consists of foam thermal insulation with sufficient adhesion to the building boards used and with sufficient shear strength. In this panel, anchors are fitted inside so that the panel can be anchored to the existing support structure during installation. As a rule, there are 4 metal strips, one in each corner, which are foamed into the middle insulation layer inside the panel. Other anchors for transport and assembly can also be installed in the panel. In the case of larger panel sizes, a reinforcement may be provided inside the reinforcement to increase the mechanical strength of the building element, but in most of its length the reinforcement must extend up to half the thickness of the thermal insulation to avoid undesirable thermal bridges.

The advantage of the structural component according to this technical solution is a low weight, which may result in the assembly of this structural element even where there is a risk of static damage to the structure for heavier building components. The rigid building board complies with sufficient mechanical and fire resistance for use as a partition structure between fire compartments. The thermal insulation placed inside with sufficient shear strength ensures both the mechanical resistance of the building component and sufficient thermal insulation without thermal bridges.

The most common use of a building component according to this technical solution is assumed as an intermediate window insert for older panel houses, both as a finishing and as a base for facade insulation.

If the building component is not intended for further insulation from the outside, the vertical sidewalls will be provided with barbs to facilitate the installation of the windows and to solve the thermal bridge through the window lining provided with thin-walled building boards. If it is a building component intended for further insulation from the outside, the vertical side walls will be left untreated so that they can be clad with a thermal insulation system. The outer and inner thin-walled building boards, or the side thin-walled building boards, are made of light-filled concrete slabs, preferably ceramic and / or perlite, and / or cement-fiber boards, and / or gypsum boards, and / or gypsum fiber boards.

List of drawings in the drawing

The technical solution will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 shows a structural component according to the invention in a front view when viewed from the inside, where the position of the left-hand and right-hand anchors is indicated in the vertical side walls of the building component; FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a vertical side wall of a building component, showing the location of the right-hand anchors between the outer and inner thin-walled building boards; Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a building component with the middle insulating layer, the location of the outer and inner thin-walled building boards and the upper anchors; Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a building member with the teeth provided with side thin-walled building boards and anchors displaced towards the inner thin-walled building board; Fig. 5 shows a bottom side view from the right side of a vertical side wall of a building element with a toothed side wall plate and anchors displaced towards the inner thin-walled building board.

Exemplary embodiments

The building component, according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, with dimensions of 1600 χ 1200 x 200 mm, consists of a middle insulating layer as well as a building component consisting of a rigid polyurethane foam of volume

-2CZ 16232 UL weighing 40 kg / m ³ , which is clad from the outside and inside with thin-walled building boards 2, 3 of 10 mm thick ceramic concrete, with both vertical sidewalls

4, 5 of the middle insulating layer I are fitted with two left-hand anchors 6, 7 and two right-hand anchors 8, 9 in the upper and at the bottom of each of the vertical side walls 4, 5 intended to anchor the building component to the existing supporting structure. The anchors are made of steel sheet with dimensions of 500 χ 30 χ 1 mm, embedded in hard polyurethane foam and protruding from the building component in the length of 150 mm. In this part, the anchor has drilled three holes with a diameter of 6.2 mm, which are used for fixed and / or detachable anchoring of the building component into the sill panels of the panel houses.

FIG. Figures 4 and 5 show a structural component with claws 10, 11 on the vertical side walls 4, 5 of the central insulating layer 1, clad on the outside with thin-walled building panels 12, 13 of 10 mm thick ceramic concrete, with left-hand anchors 6, 7 and the right-hand anchors 8, 9 are shifted towards the inner side of the building component formed by the thin-walled building board 3.

These examples are illustrative only and do not exhaust all variations of the possibilities of combining the material of the intermediate insulating layer I, the thin-walled building boards 2, 3 or the lateral thin-walled 15 building boards 12> 13.

Industrial usability

The structural component according to the technical solution is intended primarily for the reconstruction of prefabricated houses as one of the possibilities of replacing the existing interlining for a lightweight sandwich non-loadbearing panel meeting higher technical requirements. It can also be used in other prefabricated buildings as a replacement for older building elements of light external cladding, for example as a replacement for so-called Boletic panels, or even for various wooden buildings instead of existing panels containing degraded mineral wool or asbestos cement boards. The building component can also be used in new buildings, such as a lightweight cladding with no static load capacity, or with a static load capacity only for the transmission of wind, impact, self-weight and possibly other similar loads.

Claims (3)

25 PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A building component, in particular a lightweight sandwich perimeter non-bearing panel comprising layers of protective, insulating and possibly load-bearing building materials, composed of two building boards connected by foam thermal insulation, characterized in that the middle insulating layer (1) of the building component consists of hard polyurethane foam with a density of 35 to 30 65 kg / m ³ , and / or polystyrene foam of 18 to 65 kg / m ³ and / or extruded polystyrene of 18 to 65 kg / m ³ , sheathed on the outside and on the inside with thin-walled building boards (2, 3) based on cement and / or gypsum, wherein in both vertical side walls (4, 5) of the middle insulating layer (1) at least at the same time in the lower part of each vertical side wall (4, 5) are at least two left-side anchors (6, 7) and at least two less right-side anchors (8, 9) intended for anchoring the building component to the existing load-bearing structure. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that on both vertical side walls (4, 5) of the middle insulating layer (1), teeth (10, 11) are provided for the installation of windows and at the same time lined from the outer side by side thin-walled building boards (12, 13) based 40 of cement and / or gypsum, the left-hand anchors (6, 7) and right-hand anchors (8, 9) being displaced towards the inside of the component formed by the thin-walled building plate (3). Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thin-walled building slabs (2, 3) and / or the lateral thin-walled building slabs (12, 13) are made of lightweight filled concrete slabs, preferably of ceramite and / or perlite , and / or cementitious fibers 45 boards and / or gypsum boards, and / or gypsum boards.