CS269689B1 - A method of waste-free brine treatment - Google Patents
A method of waste-free brine treatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Podstatou riešenie je lúhovanie chloridu sodného z kalov vodou, ktoré je riadené zriedením kalov a Časom lúhovania. Lúženec, ktorý pozostáva najma z uhličitanu vápenatého sa odvodní, vysuší a připadne domelie. Voda získaná odvodňováním, ktoré obsahuje rozpuštěný chlorid sodný, repetuje sa do výrobného procesu. SpSsob bezodpadového epracovania solanky mošno využit v banskom, potravinárskom alebo chemickom prieaysleThe essence of the solution is the leaching of sodium chloride from sludge with water, which is controlled by the dilution of the sludge and the leaching time. The leachate, which consists mainly of calcium carbonate, is drained, dried and, if necessary, ground. The water obtained by the drainage, which contains dissolved sodium chloride, is recycled into the production process. The method of waste-free brine processing can be used in the mining, food or chemical industries
Description
Vynález ee týká sposobu bezodpadového spracovania eol'anky pri výrobě jedlej seli. Patří do odboru úpravy nerastných surovin, ale týká sa aj ochrany životného prcstredia.The present invention relates to a process for the waste-free treatment of oilseed oil in the production of edible seeds. It belongs to the field of mineral processing, but it also concerns the protection of the environment.
V súčastnosti sa pre výrobu jedlej soli použivajú soťanky v ktorých aú rozpustné aj balastné látky. Predstavujú ich minerály s obsahom najma vápenatých, horečnatých a železnatých katiónov, připadne katiónov ťažkých kovov. Cistenie takýchto soťaniek sa zabezpečuje chemickou úpravou, ktorá pozostáva z vyzréženia balastných létok vo formě zlúčenín nerozpustných vo vodě. Tieto sa potom mechanicky oddeťujú od tekutej fázy. X zrážaniu sa použivajú viaceré činidlá, najčastejšie hydroxid sodný, uhličitan sodný alebo chlorid barnatý, ktoré umožňujú vylúčiť spomenuté balastné látky vo formě uhličitanu vápenatého, hydroxidu horečnatého alebo síranu barnatého (vi3 patent Francúzska č. 2,308 592, NSR č. 2 703 203 a AO CSSR č. 156 144). Zrážanie iónov vápnika, stroncia, bária a Salších sa móže vykonat aj ich karbonizáciou prostrednictvom plynného kysličníka uhličitého (patent Francúzska č. 2 115 855). V oboch uvedených prípadoch zrážania balastných látok vznikajú spomenuté vodou nerozpustné zlúčeniny vo fonae kalov, ktoré po oddělení od soťanky predstavujú odpady jej spracovania. V nich sa stráca aj část* chloridu sodného, lebo rozdelenie tekutej od tuhej fázy nie je úplné. Soťanku možno čistit prídavkom vápna a uhličitanu sodného. Vyzrážané kaly sa oddeťujú od upravenéj soťanky sedimentáciou a dopravujú na haldu. Ročně závod produkuje přibližné 2400 t týchto kalov, ktoré obsahujú 80 až 85 % hmot, uhličitanu vápenatého, 2 až 10 % hmot, chloridu sodného, 4 až 10 % hmot, hydroxidu horečnatého a do 1 % hmot, dalších soli, najma siranov a siričitanov. Doteraz sa skladuje už přibližné 50 tisíc ton týchto kalov. Nedostatkem uvedeného stavu sú predovšetkým značné náklady na skladovanie kalov ako aj na znižovanie ich negativných ekologických účinkov. Tieto spočivajú najmi v rozprašovaní vyschnutých kalov po okolí a v presakovaní daždom vylúhovaného chloridu sodného do spodných vod a do okolitých tokov. Pripomenúť třeba aj straty chloridu sodného v kaloch, ktoré na uvedenom závode predstavujú skoro 1 % hmot, jeho ročněj produkcie.At present, soybeans are used for the production of edible salt in which ballast substances are also soluble. They are minerals containing mainly calcium, magnesium and iron cations, or heavy metal cations. Cleaning of such soybeans is ensured by chemical treatment, which consists in the precipitation of ballast substances in the form of water-insoluble compounds. These are then mechanically separated from the liquid phase. Several precipitating agents are used in the precipitation, most often sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or barium chloride, which make it possible to exclude the said ballast substances in the form of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide or barium sulphate (see French patent No. 2,308,592, FRG No. 2,703,203 and AO CSSR No. 156 144). Precipitation of calcium, strontium, barium and other ions can also be carried out by their carbonization with carbon dioxide gas (French Patent No. 2,115,855). In both cases of precipitation of ballast substances, the above-mentioned water-insoluble compounds are formed in the fonae sludge, which, after separation from the brine, constitute waste from its processing. Some of the sodium chloride is also lost because the separation of the liquid from the solid phase is not complete. The brine can be cleaned by adding lime and sodium carbonate. The precipitated sludge is separated from the treated sludge by sedimentation and transported to the heap. The plant annually produces approximately 2400 t of these sludges, which contain 80 to 85% by weight, calcium carbonate, 2 to 10% by weight, sodium chloride, 4 to 10% by weight, magnesium hydroxide and up to 1% by weight, other salts, especially sulphates and sulphites. . So far, approximately 50,000 tons of these sludges are stored. The disadvantage of this situation is, in particular, the significant costs of storing sludge as well as reducing their negative environmental effects. These consist mainly in the spraying of dried sludge around the environment and in the seepage of leached sodium chloride into groundwater and into the surrounding streams. It is also worth mentioning the losses of sodium chloride in sludge, which represents almost 1% of the weight of its annual production at the said plant.
Uvedené nedostatky odstraňuje spdsob bezodpadového spracovania soťanky podťa vynálezu, vyznačujúci sa tým, že kaly z chemickej úpravy soťanky sa alespoň v jednom stupni riedia vodou, výhodné v pomere 5 až 10 hmot, dielov vody na 1 hmot, diel kalov, z tejto suspenzie sa přidanou vodou lúhuje chlorid sodný, výhodné počas 5tich až 15 tich minút pri stálom miešaní, potom sa suspenzie odvodňuje, získaná voda obsahujúca vylúhovaný chlorid sodný sa repetuje do výrobného procesu a odvodněný produkt sa suší pri teplote do 623 °K, výhodné v intervale teplót 373 °K až 473 °K, a připadne dezintegruje. Pri bezodpadovou* spracovaní solanky sa volí poměr riadenia vodou a čas lúhovania kalov podťa ich zrnitosti a obsahu chloridu sodného.These disadvantages are eliminated by the method of waste-free treatment of the brine according to the invention, characterized in that the sludge from the chemical treatment of the brine is diluted with water, preferably in a ratio of 5 to 10 parts by weight, parts of water per 1, parts of sludge. sodium chloride is leached with water, preferably for 5 to 15 minutes with constant stirring, then the suspension is dewatered, the obtained water containing leached sodium chloride is repeated in the production process and the dewatered product is dried at 623 ° K, preferably 373 ° C. K to 473 ° K, and eventually disintegrates. In the waste-free treatment of brine, the ratio of water control and the time of leaching of the sludge according to their grain size and sodium chloride content are chosen.
Vynález sposobu bezodpadového spracovania solanky umožňuje vylúčit pre výrobný závod nákladné skladovanie kalov. Ich epracovanie podťa vynálezu poskytuje produkt, obsahujúci najma uhličitan vápenatý a hydroxid horečnatý, ktorý nahrádza mletý alebo zrážaný uhličitan vápenatý a dá sa využit v priemysle alebo aj v poťnohospodárstve. Repetícia vylúhovaného chloridu sodného do výrobného procesu odstraňuje straty tejto zložky v kaloch. Ekonomický efekt uplatnenia vynálezu pozostáva z úspor nákladov na skladovanie kalov a z příjmov za produkt vyrobený z kalov. Doležitý je aj ekologický efekt vynálezu, ktorý představuje odstrénenie negativných vplyvov skladovanie kalov na životné prostredie.The invention of the method of waste-free treatment of brine makes it possible to eliminate the costly storage of sludge for the production plant. Their processing according to the invention provides a product containing in particular calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, which replaces ground or precipitated calcium carbonate and can be used in industry or even in agriculture. Repetition of leached sodium chloride in the production process eliminates sludge losses of this component. The economic effect of the application of the invention consists in the saving of sludge storage costs and in the revenue from the product produced from the sludge. The ecological effect of the invention, which represents the elimination of the negative effects of sludge storage on the environment, is also important.
CS 269 689 BlCS 269 689 Bl
Příklad 1Example 1
Kaly z chemickej úpravy solanky, ktoré majú zrnitost 92 % hmot, pod 0,1 mm a obsahujú 31,2 % hmot, vápnika, 3,5 % hmot, horčíka a 13,5 % hmot, chloridu sodného, zriedia sa v laboratórnych podmienkach vodou v pomere 5 hmot, dielov vody na 1 hmot, diel kalov. Suspenzím sa touto vodou za stálého miešania 10 minút lúhuje, potom sa nechá vysedimentevat. VyČeřená voda, ktorá obsahuje 1,6 % hmot, chloridu sodného sa odčerpá. Zahuštěná suspenzia je odvodňovaná filtráciou. Filtračný koláč sa vysuší pri teplote 378 °K na vlhkost 0,6 % hmot, vody a domelie na jemnost 99 % hmot, pod 0,06 mm. Získaný produkt obsahuje 34,7 % hmot. Vápnika, 3,9 % hmot, horčíka a 1,7 % hmot, chloridu sodného.Sludges from chemical treatment of brine, having a grain size of 92% by weight, below 0.1 mm and containing 31.2% by weight, calcium, 3.5% by weight, magnesium and 13.5% by weight, sodium chloride, are diluted under laboratory conditions water in a ratio of 5 wt., parts of water to 1 wt., parts of sludge. The suspensions are leached with this water for 10 minutes with stirring, then allowed to settle. The clarified water, which contains 1.6% by weight of sodium chloride, is pumped off. The concentrated suspension is dewatered by filtration. The filter cake is dried at 378 ° K to a moisture content of 0.6% by weight, water and ground to a fineness of 99% by weight, below 0.06 mm. The product obtained contains 34.7% by weight. Calcium, 3.9% by weight, magnesium and 1.7% by weight, sodium chloride.
Příklad 2Example 2
Kaly z chemickéj úpravy solanky rovnakého složenia ako v příklade 1, v poloprevádzkových podmienkach sa lúhujú vodou vo dvoch stupňoch. V prvom stupni sa riedia v pomere 5 hmot, dielov vody na jeden hmot, diel kalov a lúhovanie trvá 7 minút, potom sa vzniklá suspenzia zahustí sedimentáeiou a vyčeřená voda obsahujúca 0,7 % hmot, chloridu sodného sa odčerpá.Sludges from the chemical treatment of brine of the same composition as in Example 1, leached with water in two stages under pilot plant conditions. In the first stage, they are diluted in a ratio of 5 parts by weight, parts of water per weight, parts of sludge and leaching for 7 minutes, then the resulting suspension is concentrated by sedimentation and the clarified water containing 0.7% by weight of sodium chloride is pumped off.
Postup a parametre lúhovanie v druhom stupni sú identické s prvým stupňom. Zahuštěná suspenzia po druhom stupni lúhovania sa odstředí a odvodněný materiál sa vysuší pri teplote 378 °K na vlhkost 1 % hmot, vody a domelie na jemnost 90 % hmot, pod 0,2 mm. Získaný produkt obsahuje 36,1 % hmot, vápnika, 3*8 % hmot, horčíka a 0,7 % hmot, chloridu sodného. 'The procedure and parameters of leaching in the second stage are identical to the first stage. The concentrated suspension after the second leaching step is centrifuged and the dewatered material is dried at 378 ° K to a moisture content of 1% by weight, water and ground to a fineness of 90% by weight, below 0.2 mm. The product obtained contains 36.1% by weight of calcium, 3 * 8% by weight of magnesium and 0.7% by weight of sodium chloride. '
Příklad 3 ·..Example 3 · ..
Kaly z chemickéj úpravy solanky, ktoré majú zrnitost 98 % hmot, pod 1 mm a obsahujú 29,2. % hmot, vápnika, 3,1 % hmot, horčíka a 19,7 % hmot, chloridu sodného, spracujú sa rovnakým postupem ako v příklade 1, přitom sa však použije riedenie v pomere 10 hmot, dielov vody na 1 hmot, diel kalov a čas lúhovania 5 minút. Získaný produkt obsahuje 34,1 % hmot, vápnika, 3,5 % hmot, horčíka a 1,1 % hmot, chloridu sodného.Sludges from chemical treatment of brine, having a grain size of 98% by weight, less than 1 mm and containing 29.2. % by weight of calcium, 3.1% by weight of magnesium and 19.7% by weight of sodium chloride are treated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a dilution of 10 parts by weight, parts of water per 1 part by weight, parts of sludge and leaching time 5 minutes. The product obtained contains 34.1% by weight of calcium, 3.5% by weight of magnesium and 1.1% by weight of sodium chloride.
Vynález spásobu bezodpadového spracovania solanky dá sa využit v banskom, potravinárskom a chemickou priemysle.The invention of the process for the waste-free treatment of brine can be used in the mining, food and chemical industries.
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