CS267776B1 - Fuel from acid sludges - Google Patents
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- CS267776B1 CS267776B1 CS882496A CS249688A CS267776B1 CS 267776 B1 CS267776 B1 CS 267776B1 CS 882496 A CS882496 A CS 882496A CS 249688 A CS249688 A CS 249688A CS 267776 B1 CS267776 B1 CS 267776B1
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- fuel
- weight
- acid
- pentaerythritol
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 2 to 15% by weight Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011282 acid tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Kvapalné palivo z kyselinových kalov, ktoré vznikajú pri rafinéeii ropných olejov kyselinou sirovou, oleom a oxidom sirovým dl sa pripraviť pomocou sirupov z výroby pentaerytritolu, obsahujúcich vodný roztok mravčanu vápenatého, pentaerytritolu, dipentaerytritolu a vyšších cukrov. Přitom vzniklá emulzia je homogenejšia a stabilnější*. Možno ha spalovat aj v zmesi s inými palivami, najmu vykurovacimi olejmi.Liquid acid fuel sludge produced by refining of petroleum oils with sulfuric acid, oleum and sulfur dioxide d1 is prepared by syrups from the production of pentaerythritol containing an aqueous solution of calcium formate, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and higher sugars. In doing so, it arises the emulsion is more homogeneous and stable *. It can also be burned in a mixture with others fuel oils, especially heating oils.
Description
Vynález sa týká paliva z kyselinových kalov, vznikajůcich pri rafináciách ropných podielov.The invention relates to a fuel from acid sludges formed during the refining of petroleum fractions.
Ochrana životného prostredia a využitie priemyseIných odpadov ako druhotných surovin, to sů dva problémy, ktoré sa vyskytujú vo vzájomnaj sůvislosti. Kyselinové kaly predstavujú tekutú, polotekutú až neteiúcu masu, čiernej farby, so zápachom po oxidoch siry. Svojlm zloženim sa Ušla v závislosti od druhu oleja, ktorý bol rafinovaný, podlá druhu rafínačného činidla, hlbky rafinácie a doby uskladnenia. S ich zloženim sa menia aj tokové vlastnosti a možnosti má nipulácie. Kyselinové katy sů eoulziou s premenlivým obsahem organického podfelu, sulfokyselin, voínej kyseliny sirovej a vody. Organický podiel tvoříš ropné oleje, ztúčeniny obsahujúce siru, kyslík, dusík, nafténové, asfaltogenné kyseliny a ďalšie látky vznikajůce sulfonačným1, polyraeračnými alebo kondenzačnými Peakciami. Existuje viaciro riešeni a návrhov na zužitkováni* kyselinových kalov ako paliva. Najčastejšie sů sposoby, pri ktorých sa kyselinové kaly likvidujů v spalovni odpadov bez využitia alebo čiastočného využitia tepla vzniklého ich spálením. Iné postupy sů založené na neutra11 záci i kyselinových kalov a následným ich spracovanim. Čsl. autorské osvedčenie 180 864 popisuje sposob spracovania kyslých dechtových a ropných odpadov ich neutrali zác1ou práškovým vápencom a vytvořený tuhý produkt sa ďalej spracuje v koksárenských batériách. Čsl. autorské osvedčenie 179 771 chrání sposob spracovania kyslých gudronov neutralizác1ou v přítomnosti látok, ktoré obsahujú katalyzátor exidácie štvormocnej síry na šestmocnú a v přítomnosti sadzových palet vznikajůcich pri výrobě vodíka. Čsl. patent 141 622 uvádza sposob spracovania odpadov z kyselinovej rafinácie minerálnych olejov na sypký produkt vhodný k uloženiu na skládkách alebo sa spaluje. Čsl. patent 104 115 chrání sposob spracovania kyslých gudronov tak, že sa tieto rozpustia v xyléne. Z tejto zmesi sa vodou vyrazí kyselina sirové a z organickej vrstvy sa oddestiluje xylén a asfalt alebo vykurovací olej zostane ako destilačný zvyšok. Svajčiarsky pat. 519 018 po neutrali zAci i s kysličnikom horečnatým navrhuje vzniklé palivo likvidovat spalováním alebo po praní vodou a odstráneni síranu horečnatého používat na vykurovanie. Japonský . pat. 74126701 popisuje postup, pri ktorom kyslý gudron sa riedi s příslušným množstvem vykurovecieho oleja lahkého alebo odpadného oleja a následné sa kyselina sírová extrahuje vodou. Zvyšok sa neutralizuje vápnom a táto fáza sa recykluje ako tažký olej alebo sa katalyticky rozkládá na lahký olej. Nevýhoda spalovania kyslých kalov je v tom, že tieto predstavujů nehomogánny materiál s premenlivým zloženim a nedostatečnou čerpatelnostou. Pri manipulácii s nimi dochádza k tvorbě a usadzovaniu sa lepivých látok na režných miestach zariadenia. Pri likvidácii kyslých kalov v spalovnách dochádza ku korózii zariadenia a spaliny obsahujú oxidy siry, ktoré aj po rozptýleni pomocou vysokých k o« i nov narúšajú ekológiu. Při úpravě kyslých kalov neutralizáciou z dovodov potrebnej tekutosti obyčajne je potřebné riedidlo a okrem toho pri neutrali záci i vznikajů ďalšie kvapalné alebo tuhé odpady, ktoré vyžadujú ďalšie stupně spracovan i a alebo likvidáciu týchto vytvořených odpadov.Environmental protection and the use of industrial waste as a secondary raw material are two interrelated problems. Acid sludge is a liquid, semi-liquid to non-flowable mass, black in color, with an odor of sulfur oxides. Its composition varied depending on the type of oil that was refined, the type of refining agent, the depth of refining and the storage time. With their composition, the flow properties also change and nipulation has possibilities. Acid catalysts with a variable content of organic subfamily, sulphonic acids, free sulfuric acid and water. The organic content consists of petroleum oils, compounds containing sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, naphthenic, asphaltogenic acids and other substances formed by sulfonation, polymerization or condensation reactions. There are several solutions and proposals for utilizing * acid sludge as a fuel. The most common are methods in which acid sludge is disposed of in a waste incinerator without the use or partial use of the heat generated by their incineration. Other processes are based on the neutralization of acid sludges and their subsequent processing. Čsl. Author's certificate 180 864 describes a method for treating acid tar and petroleum wastes which have been neutralized with powdered limestone and the solid product formed is further processed in coke oven batteries. Čsl. Author's certificate 179 771 protects the method of processing acid tars by neutralization in the presence of substances which contain a catalyst for the oxidation of tetravalent sulfur to hexavalent and in the presence of carbon black pallets formed during the production of hydrogen. Čsl. U.S. Pat. No. 141,622 discloses a process for treating waste from the acid refining of mineral oils into a bulk product suitable for landfilling or incineration. Čsl. U.S. Pat. No. 104,115 protects the acid tar process by dissolving it in xylene. Sulfuric acid is extracted from this mixture with water, and xylene and asphalt are distilled off from the organic layer, or the heating oil remains as a distillation residue. Svajčiarsky pat. 519 018, after neutralization with magnesium oxide, proposes to dispose of the resulting fuel by incineration or washing with water and to remove magnesium sulphate for heating. Japanese. pat. 74126701 describes a process in which an acid tar is diluted with an appropriate amount of light oil or waste oil and then the sulfuric acid is extracted with water. The residue is neutralized with lime and this phase is recycled as a heavy oil or catalytically decomposed into a light oil. The disadvantage of incineration of acid sludges is that these represent a non-homogeneous material with a variable composition and insufficient pumpability. When handling them, sticky substances form and settle on the gray areas of the device. During the disposal of acid sludge in incinerators, the equipment corrodes and the flue gases contain sulfur oxides, which, even after dispersion by means of high coils, disturb the ecology. When treating acid sludges by neutralization for the necessary fluidity, a diluent is usually required and, in addition, other liquid or solid wastes are generated during the neutralization, which requires further processing steps or disposal of these generated wastes.
Vyššie uvedené nedostatky sú odstránené palivora z kyselinových kalov podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočiva v tom, že obsahuje na 10 X hmot, kyselinových kalov alebo neutralizovaných kyselinových kalov 5 až 100 Z hmot, vodného roztoku vedlajšieho produktu z výroby pentaerytritolu, v ktorom je 30 až 60 X hmot, vody, 2 až 15 X hmot, mravčanu vápenatého, 25 až 68 X hmot, zmesi pentaerytritolu, di pentaerytritolu a vyšších cukrov. Palivo nože ešte obsahovat s nim miešatelné a spálitelné ropné podiely a/alebo vedlajšie produkty z organických výrob.The above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by the acid sludge fuel according to the invention, which consists in containing from 10% by weight of acid sludge or neutralized acid sludge 5 to 100% by weight of an aqueous solution of a pentaerythritol by-product in which 30 to 100 60% by weight, water, 2 to 15% by weight, calcium formate, 25 to 68% by weight, mixtures of pentaerythritol, di pentaerythritol and higher sugars. The knife fuel also contains miscible and combustible oil fractions and / or by-products from organic production.
Pokrok, ktorý sa dosahuje podlá vynálezu, je v tom, že palivo je dobré tekuté, v značnej miere zhomogenizované, má zvýšenú koloidnú stálost a minimálně vylučuje lepivé úsady. Palivo představuje emulzný, připadne emulzno-suspenzný systém, s malými čiastočkami, ktoré v spalovacon zariadení dobře prehoria. Palivo sa vyznačuje dobrou miešatelnostou s vykurovac1mi olejmi. Može sa aplikovat cez tlakový horák alebo horák s parným rozprašováním. Miešaním s inými palivami, najmi tými, ktoré majú nižší obsah siry,The progress achieved according to the invention is that the fuel is a good liquid, substantially homogenized, has increased colloidal stability and minimally eliminates sticky deposits. The fuel is an emulsion or emulsion-suspension system, with small particles which burn well in the incinerator. The fuel is characterized by good miscibility with heating oils. It can be applied via a pressure burner or a steam spray burner. By blending with other fuels, especially those with a lower sulfur content,
CS 267 776 Bl je možné regulovat obsah oxidov airy v spalinách a tým spínat požiadavky ekologických l 1mitov pre spaliny. Pri výrobě paliva z kyselinových kalov alebo neutralizovaných kyselinových kalov a vedlajšieho produktu z výroby pentaerytritolu, nevznikajú kvapalné alebo tuhé tažkospracovate(né odpady. V niektorých případech sa pri výrobě paliva oddělí menšie množstvo vod, ktoré je možné spracovat súčasnýml dostupnými technologiemi. Tým, že výsledné palivo obsahuje zlúčeniny vápnika, potláčajú sa účinky vysoko a ni zkot epl ot ne j korozie produktov jeho spalovania. Na rozdiel od doteraz známých neutralizačných postupov pomocou oxidov, hydroxidov, uhliíitanov kovov alkalických zemin predovietkým vápnike, horčika, može sa na neutralizáciu použit tiež amoniak, ktorý úplné alebo čiastočne neutralizuje kyslé látky bez tvorby nerozpustných podielov. Amonné soli zvyšujú koloidnú stálost paliva a navýše posobia pri spalovaní ako 1ntenzikátory horenia. Volbou vhodného poměru amoniaku k inýra bázam pri neutralizáci i, sa dosahuje rozptýlenie nerozpustných podielov v objeme paliva bez zjavnej sed i mentácie.CS 267 776 B1 it is possible to regulate the content of air oxides in the flue gas and thus to switch the requirements of ecological l 1mit for flue gas. The production of fuel from acid sludges or neutralized acid sludges and a by-product from the production of pentaerythritol do not produce liquid or solid difficult-to-treat wastes. The fuel contains calcium compounds, suppresses the effects of high and lower corrosion of its combustion products.Unlike known neutralization processes using oxides, hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, especially calcium, magnesium, ammonia can also be used for neutralization, Ammonium salts increase the colloidal stability of the fuel and, in addition, act as a combustion flame retardant in combustion. mentation.
Následovně příklady ilustrujú, ale nijak neobmedzujú predmet vynálezu.The following examples illustrate but do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Přiklad 1Example 1
Palivo, ktoré obsahuje: kyselinové kaly 80 X hmot, vedlejší produkt z výroby pentaerytritolu 20 X hmot, sa připravilo homogeni záciou zložiek pri teplote 85 °C. Palivo málo viskozitu pri 100 °C 25 mm^.s”1 a obsahovalo 43,5 X hmot. vody. Na přípravu paliva sa použili kyselinové kaly dlhodobe uskladňované v odpadovej jame, odobraté z hlbky 3 m nasledovného priemerného zloženia: kyselina sírová 2,4 X hmot., olejové podiely 20,5 X hmot., sulfokyseliny 34,6 X hmot., voda 42,5 X hmot. Číslo kyslosti kyselinových kalov boto 70,6 mg NaOH/g. Kyselinové kaly bolí nehomogenně, polotekutej konzi stenc1e. Ako zložka paliva sa použil vedlajši produkt z výroby pent»erytri to tu, ktorý obsahoval 45,7 X hmot, vody, 5,2 X hmot, mravíanu vápenatého a 49,1 X hmot, zmesi pentaerytritolu, dipentaerytritolu a vyšších cukrov. Připravené palivo boto tekuté a po dobu 2 dní sa pri teplote 40 °C z něho neoddělila voda ani tuhé podiely. Použilo sa v spalovni závodu ako přídavné, stabilizačně palivo, pričom sa potvrdila možnost jeho bezproblémového spatovania a dávkovania do pece aj pomocou horákov.The fuel, which contains: acid slurries 80% by weight, a by-product from the production of pentaerythritol 20% by weight, was prepared by homogenizing the components at a temperature of 85 ° C. The fuel had a low viscosity at 100 DEG C. of 25 mm @ -1 and contained 43.5% by weight. water. For the preparation of the fuel, acid sludges stored for a long time in a waste pit were used, taken from a depth of 3 m of the following average composition: sulfuric acid 2.4 X wt., Oil fractions 20.5 X wt., Sulfoic acids 34.6 X wt., Water 42 .5 X wt. The acid number of the acid sludge is 70.6 mg NaOH / g. Acid sludge hurts inhomogeneously, in semi-liquid constipation. A by-product from the production of pentaerythritol was used as a fuel component, which contained 45.7% by weight of water, 5.2% by weight of calcium formate and 49.1% by weight of a mixture of pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and higher sugars. The prepared fuel was liquid and no water or solids separated from it at 40 ° C for 2 days. It was used in the plant's incinerator as an additional, stabilizing fuel, while the possibility of its trouble-free sleeping and dosing into the furnace was also confirmed by means of burners.
Příklad 2Example 2
Palivo, ktoré obsahuje: neutralizované kyselinové kaly 70 X hmot, vedlejší produkt z výroby pentaerytritolu 30 X hmot, sa připravilo homogenizáclou zložiek pri 90 °C. Málo viskozitu pri 100 °C 60 mra^.s”1. Na přípravu paliva sa použiti kyselinové kaly vznikajůce pri výrobě bieleho oleja sulfonácíou strednev1skózneho oleja za použitie SOj. Kyselinové kaly obsahovali 18,2 X hmot, volnej kyseliny sirovej, 36 X hmot, olejových podielov, 39,8 X hmot, sulfokyselin a 6,0 X hmot. vody. Číslo kyslosti před neutralizáciou aali 181,7 mg NaOH/g, bolí polotekutej konzi stencie. Po neutra11 žácie amoniakom ich číslo kyslosti bolo 5 mg NaOH/g. Ako zložka paliva sa použil vedtajší produkt z výroby pentaerytritolu, v ktorom bol vápník zrážaný uhličitanomamónnym a dekantovaný. Obsahoval 41 X hmot, vody, 2,5 X hmot, mravčanu vápenatého, 3,1 X hmot, mravčanu amonného a 53,4 X hmot, zmesi pentaerytritolu, dipentaerytritolu a vyšších cukrov. část tohoto paliva sa spalovala v spalovni závodu ako přídavné, stabilizačně palivo.The fuel, which contains: neutralized acid sludge 70% by weight, a by-product from the production of pentaerythritol 30% by weight, was prepared by homogenizing the components at 90 ° C. Low viscosity at 100 ° C 60 mra ^ .s ” 1 . For the preparation of the fuel, the acid sludge formed in the production of white oil by sulfonation of medium-viscosity oil using SO 2 was used. The acid sludge contained 18.2% by weight, free sulfuric acid, 36% by weight, oil fractions, 39.8% by weight, sulfoic acids and 6.0% by weight. water. The acid number before neutralization and 181.7 mg NaOH / g hurt a semi-liquid consensus. After neutralization with ammonia, their acid number was 5 mg NaOH / g. A by-product from the production of pentaerythritol was used as a fuel component, in which calcium was precipitated with ammonium carbonate and decanted. It contained 41% by weight of water, 2.5% by weight of calcium formate, 3.1% by weight of ammonium formate and 53.4% by weight of a mixture of pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and higher sugars. part of this fuel was burned in the plant's incinerator as an additional, stabilizing fuel.
Ďalšia část sa použila ako komponent, pričom výsledné palivo obsahuje:Another part was used as a component, the resulting fuel containing:
CS 267 776 B1 vyššie uvedeni palivo z přikladu 2 9 X hmot. ‘ vedtajši produkt z organických výrob 1,7 X hmot, vykurovaci olej tažký 89,3 X hmot.CS 267 776 B1 the above-mentioned fuel of Example 29 X wt. ‘By-product from organic production 1.7 X wt., Heavy fuel oil 89.3 X wt.
Výsledné palivo sa připravilo homogenizác1ou zložiek paliva pri teplote 80 °C.The resulting fuel was prepared by homogenizing the fuel components at 80 ° C.
Pri 100 °C málo viskozitu 51 Ako ved(ajši produkt z organických výrob sa použila technická amylalkoholová frakcia, ktorá obsahovala 45 X hnot. any I a I koholu, 5 X hmot, izo-butanolu, 1 X hmot, pentanolu, 3 X hmot, vody a 46 X hmot, zmesi cyklohexanol, cyklohexanon, cyklohexán. Toto zmesné palivo sa použilo v teplárni závodu, pričom spatovanie vzhtadom na pritomnů vodu v pálivé sa uskutočnilo so zniženým přebytkem vzduchu a v spalinách v porovnáni s vykurovaci» olejom samotným sa v podstatě nezistil rozdiel v obsahu oxidov dusika a siry.At 100 ° C low viscosity 51 As a by-product from organic production, a technical amyl alcohol fraction was used, which contained 45% by weight of I and I, 5% by weight of isobutanol, 1% by weight of pentanol, 3% by weight of pentanol. , water and 46% by weight of a mixture of cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane, this mixed fuel was used in the heating plant difference in the content of nitrogen oxides and sulfur.
Přiklad 3Example 3
Palivo, ktoré obsahuje: neutralizované kyselinové kaly 85 X hmot, vedtajši produkt z výroby pentaerytritolu 15 X hmot, sa připravilo homogenizáciou zložiek paliva pri 80 °C. Palivo málo viskozitu pri 100 °C 2-1 · mm .s . Na prlpravu sa použili kyselinové kaly dlhodobe uskladňované v odpadovej jame, odobraté z h(bky 3,S m nasledovného zloženia: kyselina sirové 2,7 X hmot., olejové podiely 13,7 X hmot., sulfokysel iny 12,2 X hmot., voda 71,4 X hmot, číslo kyselosti kyselinových kalov před neutralizáciou bolo 72,9 mg NaOH/g a po neutralizácii čpavkem a oxidem vápenatým bolo 20 ng NaOH/g. Ako zložka paliva sa použil vedtajši produkt z výroby pentaerytritolu o kvalitě ako v přiklade 1. Toto palivo sa použilo v zmesi s vykurovacim olejom tažkým v pomere 1:1 ako stabilizačně palivo v spatovni závodu.The fuel, which contains: neutralized acid sludge 85% by weight, a by-product from the production of pentaerythritol 15% by weight, was prepared by homogenizing the fuel components at 80 ° C. Fuel low viscosity at 100 ° C 2-1 · mm .s. Acid sludges stored for a long time in a waste pit were used for the preparation, taken from groups 3, 5 m of the following composition: sulfuric acid 2.7% by weight, oil fractions 13.7% by weight, sulphonic acids 12.2% by weight. water 71.4% by weight, the acid number of the acid sludge before neutralization was 72.9 mg NaOH / g and after neutralization with ammonia and calcium oxide it was 20 ng NaOH / g. This fuel was used in a 1: 1 mixture with heavy fuel oil as a stabilizing fuel in the downstream plant.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS882496A CS267776B1 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1988-04-13 | Fuel from acid sludges |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS882496A CS267776B1 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1988-04-13 | Fuel from acid sludges |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS249688A1 CS249688A1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
| CS267776B1 true CS267776B1 (en) | 1990-02-12 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS882496A CS267776B1 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1988-04-13 | Fuel from acid sludges |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS267776B1 (en) |
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1988
- 1988-04-13 CS CS882496A patent/CS267776B1/en unknown
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS249688A1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
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