CS259582B1 - Means with complex soil effect - Google Patents
Means with complex soil effect Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS259582B1 CS259582B1 CS8723A CS2387A CS259582B1 CS 259582 B1 CS259582 B1 CS 259582B1 CS 8723 A CS8723 A CS 8723A CS 2387 A CS2387 A CS 2387A CS 259582 B1 CS259582 B1 CS 259582B1
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- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- water
- composition
- soil
- calcium hydrate
- materials
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001310793 Podium Species 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 powdered lime Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Predmetom riešenia je prostriedok s komplexným účinkom na pódu, najma kyslú, na báze hydrátu vápenatého a kalov z čističky odpadných vód z výroby celulózy. Prostriedok je použitelný pri úpravě pódneho fondu z kyslej oblasti do slabo alkalické), pričom doplfta deficitný vápník a dalšími komponentami ovplyvfíuje sorpčné vlastnosti.The subject of the solution is a complex one effect on stage, especially sour, on calcium hydrate base and sewage sludge waste water from cellulose production. means it is useful for stage adjustment fund from acidic to weakly alkaline), with supplemental calcium deficient and others components affects sorption properties.
Description
Vynález rieši prostriedok s komplexným účinkom na pódu, pričom dopíňa deficitný vápník a dalšími komponentami ovplyvňuje sorpčné vlastnosti.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a composition having a complex effect on the podium, wherein it suppresses calcium deficiency and other sorption properties.
Je známe, že pódne pH sa postupom času mění, pričom spravidla prechádza do kyslei oblasti, čo sa negativné prejavuje na raste rastlín.It is known that the soil pH changes over time, generally passing into the acidic region, which has a negative effect on plant growth.
Táto kyslosť je dosledkom roznych činiteíov, ako je obsah rozkladajúcich sa organických látok, poveternostných vplyvov spolu s exhalátmi, najma kyslými dažďami. Kyslosť ovplyvňuje aj přítomnost niektorých dalších látok, ktoré sa v priebehu času postupné menia.This acidity is a consequence of various factors, such as the content of decomposing organic matter, weathering together with the exhalates, in particular acid rain. Acidity is also affected by the presence of some other substances that change over time.
Taktiež je známe, že aj rastliny v priebehu rastu spotrebovávajú okrem základných biogenných prvkov ako je N, P a K aj značné množstvo dalších prvkov, resp. niektoré prvky prechádzajú na rozpusané soli á tieto sú z ornicovej vrstvy vyplavované.It is also known that plants, in addition to the basic biogenic elements such as N, P and K, also consume a considerable amount of other elements, respectively, during growth. some elements are converted to dissolved salts and these are washed out of the topsoil layer.
Typickým prvkem, ktorý ovplyvňuje pH pódy a tvoří určitá zásobu biogenných prvkov je aspoň z časti rozpustný vápník vo formě svojich zlúčenín s alkalickým charakterem ako je práškové vápno, jeho hydrát, karbonáty vápnika, eventuálně v zmesi s inými karbonátmi.A typical element that affects the pH of the soil and constitutes a certain supply of biogenic elements is at least partially soluble calcium in the form of its alkaline compounds such as powdered lime, its hydrate, calcium carbonates, possibly in admixture with other carbonates.
Na změnu pH pódneho fondu z kyslej oblasti do slabo alkalickej, ako aj na vytvorenie pódnej zásoby Ca, realizuje sa na příslušných pódnych fondov ich úprava práškováním CaO, ktorý však v nerovnomernom nanesení pósobí aj negativné (spatovanie rastlín a ich koreňových systémovj.In order to change the pH of the soil pool from an acidic region to a weakly alkaline, as well as to create a soil reserve of Ca, the respective soil pools are treated with CaO dusting, which in an uneven application causes negative effects (seeing plants and their root systems).
Z uvedených ako aj z iných dóvodov. častejšie sa používajú karbonáty, najmá mletý vápenec, alebo dolomity, ktoré neutralizujú len prebytočnú kyslosť a nespósobujú napr. vytesňovanie čpavkového dusíka z pódy.For these and other reasons. more often, carbonates, in particular ground limestone, or dolomites are used, which neutralize only excess acidity and do not cause e.g. displacement of ammonia nitrogen from the soil.
Avšak aj s týmito materiálmi dostávajú sa do pódy vetmi jemné nerozpustné částice, ktoré spolu s rezíduami z priemyselných hnojív znižujú sorpčné vlastnosti pódy, čím negativné vplývajú na vodný režim a v dósledku toho aj na využitie vo vodě rozpustných živin.However, even with these materials, finely insoluble particles enter the soil, which, together with residues from industrial fertilizers, reduce the sorption properties of the soil, thus negatively affecting the water regime and consequently the use of water-soluble nutrients.
Uvedený nedostatek odstraňuje prostriedok podía tohoto wnálezu, ktorý má komnlexnv účinok na pódu, najmá kvslú, obsahujúci hvdrát vánenatý, pozostávajúci z 25 až 100 hmot. dielov hydrátu vápenatého, z 10 až 30 hmot. dielov kalov z čističkv odpadových vód z výrohv celulózy, obsahuiúteich 60 až 82 % hmot. vodv a 10 až 23 % 'hmot. celulózových materiálov a 7 až 20 % hmot. inertného anorganického, vo vodě nerozDiistného materiálu ako sú sprievodné nečistoty, plnidla· a pod. s výhodou v kombionácii s 2 až 12 hmot. dielmi anorganických soročnvch materiálov.This drawback removes the composition according to the invention which has a complex effect on the podium, in particular fermentable, containing tartrate, consisting of 25 to 100% by weight. parts of calcium hydrate, from 10 to 30 wt. parts by weight of sludges from waste water treatment plants of cellulose extracts containing 60 to 82 wt. % and 10 to 23 wt. % of cellulosic materials and 7 to 20 wt. inert inorganic, water-insoluble material such as accompanying impurities, fillers and the like. preferably in combination with 2 to 12 wt. parts of inorganic sorption materials.
Medzi hlavně výhodv prostriedku pod Ta wnálezu ie potřebné zařadit skutečnost, že hvdrát vápenatý sa aplikuje na pódnv fond v zmesi. ktorá zmierňuie jeho možné negativné pósobenie a naviac přítomné ďalšie zložky, ktoré sú ekonomicky mimoriadne výhodné — aj odpady, pozitivně ovplyvňujú spátné zvýšenie sorpčných vlastností pódneho fondu, sú ekologicky nezávadné a napomáhajú aj mikrobiálně oživenie.Among the main advantages of the composition of the present invention is the fact that calcium hydrate is applied to the podium in the mixture. which mitigate its possible negative multiplication and additionally present other components, which are economically extremely advantageous - also waste, positively affect the backward increase in sorption properties of the soil fund, are environmentally safe and also help microbial recovery.
Kombináciou hydrátu vápenatého s inými materiálmi v podstatě homogenně rozdistribuovanými v celej hmotě tohoto prostriedku dochádza· k lepšiemu priestorovému rozloženiu hydrátu vápenatého na aplikovanom povrchu a k jeho presnejšiemu dávkovaniu.Combination of calcium hydrate with other materials substantially homogeneously distributed throughout the composition of the composition results in a better spatial distribution of the calcium hydrate on the applied surface and more accurate dosing.
Příprava prostriedku je nenáročná a to ako z híadiska východiskových surovin, tak aj z híadiska mechanickej a technologickej přípravy prostriedku.The preparation of the device is undemanding both from the point of view of starting materials and from the point of view of mechanical and technological preparation of the device.
Na přípravu sa móže použit' práškové vápno, ktoré v kontakte s kalmi z čistiarní odpadových vód z výroby celulózy a papieru odoberá na každý mól hydrátu vápenatého .jednu molekulu vody, pričom kaly predtým ťažko manipulovatelné prechádzajú v podstatě do íahko manipulovatelného stavu a přítomné nerozpustné inertně anorganické materiály sú v podstatě v rozmeroch, ktoré obdobné ako piesok napomáhají! po aplikácii prieniku vody a vzduchu do pódy. Pod pojmom anorganické nerozpustné inertně materiály sa rozumejú mechanické nečistoty, ktoré sú sprievodné pri výrobě celulózy a celulózových materiálov z dřevitých hmot, alebo sa dostávajú do odpadnýcb vód z přidávaných pomocných materiálov (kaolín, piesok, pigmenty).Powdered lime may be used which, in contact with sludges from pulp and paper wastewater treatment plants, removes one molecule of water for each mole of calcium hydrate, the sludges previously difficult to handle are substantially easy to handle and inert insoluble present. Inorganic materials are basically in dimensions that help sand! after application of water and air penetration into the soil. Inorganic insoluble inert materials are understood to mean mechanical impurities that are accompanying the manufacture of cellulose and cellulosic materials from woody materials, or which enter waste water from added auxiliary materials (kaolin, sand, pigments).
Funkčný význam celulózového materiálu z kalov z čističky odpadových vód z výroby celulózy a papiera spočívá predovšetkým v tom, že pósobí ako sorpčný materiál, ktorý pozitivně ovplyvňuje vodný režim a to aj využitie rozpuštěných živin, a naviac je ždrojom energetického uhlíka pre niektoré v póde přítomné mikroorganizmy a popritom sčasti mechanicky viaže aj přítomný hydrát.The functional significance of cellulosic material from sewage sludge from pulp and paper production is primarily that it acts as a sorption material that positively affects the water regime, including the use of dissolved nutrients, and is also a source of energetic carbon for some microorganisms present in the soil. and, in addition, partially binds the hydrate present.
Příprava ako aj typické zloženie komplexriého prostriedku podía vynálezu popisujú nasledujúce příklady:The preparation and typical composition of the complexing composition of the invention are described by the following examples:
Příklad 1Example 1
K 56 kg CaO za miešania· v dvojšnekovom podávači sa přidává kal z čiastičky odpad, vód v množstve 25 kg s obsahom 70 % hmot. vody, 22 % hmot. celulózových materiálov a 8 % hmot. inertného anorganického vo vodě nerozpustného materiálu (v podstatě jemný piesok). Vzniknutá zmes sa dalej homogenizuje napr. v kladivkovom mlýne a výsledný produkt má následovně zloženie:To the 56 kg CaO with stirring · in the twin-screw feeder, the sludge from the particulate waste, water is added in an amount of 25 kg containing 70% by weight. water, 22 wt. % cellulosic materials and 8 wt. an inert inorganic water-insoluble material (essentially fine sand). The resulting mixture is further homogenized e.g. in a hammer mill and the resulting product has the following composition:
Hydrát vápenatý 88 % hmot.Calcium hydrate 88 wt.
Vlhkost 0,001 % hmot.Moisture 0.001% wt.
Inertný anorg.Inertný anorg.
materiál 2,4 % hmot.material 2.4 wt.
Celulózový materiál 6,8 % hmot.Cellulose material 6.8 wt.
V priebehu exotermickej reakcie bola odpařovaná voda v množstve 2,8 % hmot.During the exothermic reaction, water was evaporated in an amount of 2.8% by weight.
Připravený prostriedok sa aplikuje na humůznu kyslú půdu s pH 5,6. Po mechanickom premiešaní a časovom odstupe 2 mesiacov sa odoberie vzorka a stanoví sa pH, kterého· hodnota je 6,8.The prepared composition is applied to humic acidic soil at pH 5.6. After mechanical mixing and 2 months apart, a sample is taken and the pH is determined to be 6.8.
Příklad 2Example 2
Tak ako v postupe pódia příkladu 1 k 56 kg CaO sa přidává kal v množstve 20 kg s obsahom 81 % hmot. vody, 10 % hmot. celulózo vých materiálov a 9 % hmot. inertného anorganického materiálu ( v podstatě jemný piestok a kaolín). K takto pripravenej zmesi počas homogenizácie v kladivkovom mlýne sa přidá 5 kg zeolitu a 5 kg perlitu. Po homogenizácii připravený prostriedok tvoří šedobielu homogénnu' prášková zmes pozostávajúcu z:As in Example 1, to 56 kg of CaO, 20 kg of sludge containing 81 wt. water, 10 wt. % cellulosic materials and 9 wt. an inert inorganic material (essentially a fine plunger and kaolin). 5 kg of zeolite and 5 kg of perlite are added to the mixture thus prepared during homogenization in a hammer mill. After homogenization, the composition is an off-white, homogeneous powder mixture consisting of:
Hydrát vápenatý VlhkostCalcium Hydrate Moisture
Inertný anorg. a sorpč. materiál Celulózový materiál Sorpčný materiál V priebehu exotermickej reakcie bola odpařená voda v množstveInertný anorg. and sorption. material Cellulose material Sorption material During the exothermic reaction, water was evaporated in an amount
81,4 % hmot. 0,02 % hmot.81.4 wt. 0.02% wt.
2,1 % hmot. 2,3 % hmot. 11,6 % hmot. 22 kg, t. j.2.1 wt. 2.3 wt. 11.6% wt. 22 kg, t. j.
2,5 % hmot.2.5 wt.
'Připravený prostriedok sa mechanicky zapraví do povrchovej ílovitej pódy. Po uplynutí 1 mesiaca pri porovnaní s neupravenou půdou sa zisfuje, že lepšia priepustnosf na vodu, mechanická pevnost ako aj hrubka povrchovej vrstvy je menšia.The prepared composition is mechanically incorporated into the surface clay ground. After 1 month compared to untreated soil, better water permeability, mechanical strength as well as surface layer thickness are found to be less.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS8723A CS259582B1 (en) | 1987-01-03 | 1987-01-03 | Means with complex soil effect |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS8723A CS259582B1 (en) | 1987-01-03 | 1987-01-03 | Means with complex soil effect |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS2387A1 CS2387A1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
| CS259582B1 true CS259582B1 (en) | 1988-10-14 |
Family
ID=5331677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS8723A CS259582B1 (en) | 1987-01-03 | 1987-01-03 | Means with complex soil effect |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS259582B1 (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-01-03 CS CS8723A patent/CS259582B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS2387A1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
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